Taxonomy

Open AccessArticle

Cytogeography of the East Asian Tulips (Amana, Liliaceae)

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Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 145-159; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010012 - 10 Mar 2022

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Abstract

Amana Honda (Liliaceae), known as ‘east Asian tulips’, is a spring ephemeral genus endemic to Sino-Japanese Floristic Subregion, mainly distributed in eastern and central China, Japan and the Korean peninsula. Chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time from 89 populations of [...] Read more.

Amana Honda (Liliaceae), known as ‘east Asian tulips’, is a spring ephemeral genus endemic to Sino-Japanese Floristic Subregion, mainly distributed in eastern and central China, Japan and the Korean peninsula. Chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time from 89 populations of Amana (representing all seven accepted species, two new species about to be published, and two suspected new species). Three ploidy levels are found in this genus. These are diploid (2n = 2x = 24) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) in the widespread A. edulis, while all the narrow endemics are diploid, except for one population of A. tianmuensis, which is triploid (2n = 3x = 36). The northernmost and southernmost populations of A. edulis are diploid and tetraploid, respectively, while diploids and tetraploids coexist in between, with gradual transition to diploids as the latitude increases. This may indicate polyploids have an advantage in tolerance of environmental stress and are more adaptable to high-temperature environment in subtropical regions than diploids. The species and cytotype distributions in Amana are complex, and these results provide hypotheses about the origins of the genus and the polyploid cytotypes. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

A New Species of Large Duck (Aves: Anatidae) from the Miocene of New Zealand

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Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 136-144; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010011 - 09 Mar 2022

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Abstract

We describe a new species of extinct duck, Miotadorna catrionae sp. nov. (Anatidae, Tadornini, Tadorninae), based on a right humerus from the Miocene lacustrine deposits of St Bathans, Otago, New Zealand. Principal component analysis reveals that the new taxon is distinguished by its [...] Read more.

We describe a new species of extinct duck, Miotadorna catrionae sp. nov. (Anatidae, Tadornini, Tadorninae), based on a right humerus from the Miocene lacustrine deposits of St Bathans, Otago, New Zealand. Principal component analysis reveals that the new taxon is distinguished by its large size and relative proportions. This is the eighth and largest species of duck described from the St Bathans fossil assemblage and further underscores the global importance of this site for understanding anatid evolution. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Redescription of Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983 and Description of Stolephorus hindustanensis, a New Anchovy from the Western Coast of India (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)

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Harutaka Hata

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Hiroyuki Motomura

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 124-135; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010010 - 06 Mar 2022

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Abstract

The new anchovy Stolephorus hindustanensis n. sp., described on the basis of 11 specimens collected from Mumbai, western coast of India, closely resembles Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983 in sharing an indented preopercle posterior margin, long maxilla extending beyond the preopercle posterior margin, double [...] Read more.

The new anchovy Stolephorus hindustanensis n. sp., described on the basis of 11 specimens collected from Mumbai, western coast of India, closely resembles Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983 in sharing an indented preopercle posterior margin, long maxilla extending beyond the preopercle posterior margin, double pigmented lines on the dorsum behind the dorsal fin, and lacking a predorsal scute. However, the new species differs from S. ronquilloi in having lower counts of gill rakers on the first and second gill arches, higher counts of total vertebrae, a deeper body, greater distances between the snout tip and anal-fin origin, origins of the dorsal and anal fins, and pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin, and longer pelvic fin, third dorsal-fin ray, third anal-fin ray, and postorbital length. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Taxonomic Revision of the pulcherrima Clade of Metschnikowia (Fungi): Merger of Species

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Matthias Sipiczki

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 107-123; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010009 - 01 Mar 2022

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Abstract

The type strains of 10 small-spored species of the ascomycetous yeast genus Metschnikowia usually form a compact group on the phylogenetic trees inferred from barcode sequences. Based on the name of the species, which was described first (Metschnikowia pulcherrima), the [...] Read more.

The type strains of 10 small-spored species of the ascomycetous yeast genus Metschnikowia usually form a compact group on the phylogenetic trees inferred from barcode sequences. Based on the name of the species, which was described first (Metschnikowia pulcherrima), the group is frequently referred to as the pulcherrima clade. All strains produce the iron-chelate pigment pulcherrimin and have antagonistic effects on many microorganisms. Recent results of molecular phylogenetic, genetic, and genomic research raised doubts about the taxonomic division of the clade. Those data—combined with results obtained in this study by comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary barcode sequences, physiological tests, and hybridisation experiments—demonstrate that the species cannot be distinguished from each other by the criteria of any of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and biological species concepts. Therefore, I propose that the species of the pulcherrima clade be merged into one species under the oldest species name, M. pulcherrima. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Hoya longlingensis and H. sichuanensis (Apocynaceae), Two New Species from Southwestern China

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Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 99-106; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010008 - 14 Feb 2022

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Abstract

Hoya longlingensis (E.F. Huang) and H. sichuanensis E.F. Huang are two new species of Apocynaceae from Southwestern China that are described in this study. Morphologically, the two species resemble H. tamdaoensis Rodda & T.B. Tran and H. lyi H. Lév., respectively. However, H. [...] Read more.

Hoya longlingensis (E.F. Huang) and H. sichuanensis E.F. Huang are two new species of Apocynaceae from Southwestern China that are described in this study. Morphologically, the two species resemble H. tamdaoensis Rodda & T.B. Tran and H. lyi H. Lév., respectively. However, H. longlingensis differs from H. tamdaoensis by its elliptic leaves, mid-vein of leaf blades raised adaxially and depressed abaxially, lateral veins 2–4-paired, corolla yellow-green, outer angles of corona convex and spreading outside obviously. While H. sichuanensis differs from H. lyi by its obovate leaves, leaf apex rounded and base cuneate, petioles 1–3.5 cm long and ca. 3 mm in diameter, calyx lobes triangular, and corona whitish. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

On the Authorship, Availability, and Improper Use of Sus scrofa ferus for Referring to Wild Pigs

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Alessio Iannucci

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 91-98; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010007 - 07 Feb 2022

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Abstract

The wild boar, Sus scrofa, is one of the most successful large mammals in terms of geographic distribution. Along with its domestic descendant, the pig, they are extremely important animals for conservation, economy, human sustenance, and well-being. Naming wild and domestic pigs [...] Read more.

The wild boar, Sus scrofa, is one of the most successful large mammals in terms of geographic distribution. Along with its domestic descendant, the pig, they are extremely important animals for conservation, economy, human sustenance, and well-being. Naming wild and domestic pigs in a way that allows them to be distinguished effectively and unambiguously is crucial for a number of studies in archaeozoology, biomedicine, genetics, epidemiology, paleontology, and wildlife management. Sus scrofa ferus, or less commonly, Sus ferus, is often used to refer to wild populations, frequently in opposition to S. scrofa domesticus, or S. domesticus in reference to domestic pigs. Here, it is argued that S. scrofa ferus is available for nomenclatural purposes but should not be regarded as valid from a taxonomic perspective. Authors should refer wild populations to valid subspecies, e.g., S. scrofa scrofa, or to S. scrofa ssp., when information on the subspecific status is not available or relevant for the research questions under consideration. This remark is not a mere nomenclatural clarification, because the potential identification of differences between wild boar taxa is often hidden behind a simplistic dichotomy between wild and domestic forms. Full article

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Open AccessEditorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Taxonomy in 2021

by Taxonomy Editorial Office

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 89-90; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010006 - 25 Jan 2022

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Abstract

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...] Full article

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Herzog Vindicated: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals That Trichostomum brachydontium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) Comprises Several Species

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Rosa M. Ros

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Olaf Werner

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Ron D. Porley

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 57-88; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010005 - 21 Jan 2022

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Abstract

The morphologically variable moss Trichostomum brachydontium is very common in south and west Europe, particularly under Mediterranean and Atlantic climates. A morphological study was conducted alongside a molecular phylogenetic study based on nr ITS and cp-rbcL regions in order to assess if [...] Read more.

The morphologically variable moss Trichostomum brachydontium is very common in south and west Europe, particularly under Mediterranean and Atlantic climates. A morphological study was conducted alongside a molecular phylogenetic study based on nr ITS and cp-rbcL regions in order to assess if T. brachydontium is an exceptionally polymorphic species as evidenced by the number of described infraspecific taxa in the last century or, alternatively, if it includes more than one species, and if so, to find the valid name for them. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and chloroplast datasets show that there are four well-supported clades. While the ITS-based tree is in good agreement with the morphological data, there are a few inconsistencies with reference to the rbcL tree; this may be explained by incomplete lineage sorting by hybridization or by the persistence of isolated ancestral molecular races. The morphological survey revealed well-defined discriminate differences between the four phylogenetic lineages. The taxonomic conclusions include the recognition of four species: T. brachydontium s.s., T. herzogii (a new name proposed for var. cuspidatum), T. littorale, and T. meridionale (a new name proposed for var. densum). Lectotypes are designated for T. brachydontium and T. littorale. Our results underline the ongoing need of integrative studies to examine further the underestimated diversity of the T. brachydontium complex in other regions. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Gracilaria parva sp. nov. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) a Diminutive Species from the Tropical Eastern Pacific

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Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 48-56; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010004 - 10 Jan 2022

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Abstract

DNA sequencing of the plastid encoded rbcL gene supported by morpho-anatomical features reveals Gracilaria parva sp. nov. from Panama and Ecuador in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. In the rbcL phylogram, G. parva occurs in a clade sister to the western [...] Read more.

DNA sequencing of the plastid encoded rbcL gene supported by morpho-anatomical features reveals Gracilaria parva sp. nov. from Panama and Ecuador in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. In the rbcL phylogram, G. parva occurs in a clade sister to the western Atlantic species G. galatensis. Morphologically and anatomically, G. parva is distinguished from two similar, described tropical eastern Pacific species, G. brevis and G. veleroae by its small size, to 2.5 cm tall with branch widths mostly <2 mm occasionally to 4 mm, and by its two to three cell layered cortex. Gracilaria brevis and G. veleroae are taller, have wider branches, and a one cell layered cortex. DNA sequencing is needed to resolve the many diminutive species in the tropical eastern Pacific, particularly those occurring in turf communities. DNA sequencing of historical type specimens from the 19th and 20th centuries is also needed to correctly apply names in this region. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

First Description of the Female of the Trinidadian Theraphosine Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatis (Pocock, 1903) (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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Danniella Sherwood

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José Paulo Leite Guadanucci

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Ray Gabriel

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 41-47; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010003 - 30 Dec 2021

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Abstract

The hitherto unknown female of the theraphosine Spinosatibiapalpus trinitatis (Pocock, 1903) is herein described based on the paralectotype series of the schismatotheline Neoholothele incei (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) housed in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Two New Species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Amazonas Department in Northeastern Peru

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Pablo J. Venegas

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Luis A. García-Ayachi

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Alessandro Catenazzi

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 20-40; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010002 - 23 Dec 2021

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Abstract

We describe two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs in the genus Pristimantis from the Andes of northeastern Peru, Amazonas Department. Both species share several characters with other congeners from northern Peru, such as the presence of prominent conical tubercles on their eyelids and [...] Read more.

We describe two new species of terrestrial-breeding frogs in the genus Pristimantis from the Andes of northeastern Peru, Amazonas Department. Both species share several characters with other congeners from northern Peru, such as the presence of prominent conical tubercles on their eyelids and heel, prominent conical tubercles along the outer edge of the tarsus, and discs on fingers and toes widely expanded. However, both species can be diagnosed from morphologically similar Pristimantis in the region. Pristimantis kiruhampatu has axillae, groins, and hidden surfaces of hindlimbs that are cherry with white minute flecks, tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus evident, conical tubercles along the edge of snout and outer edge of tibia, and \/ shaped folds in the scapular region. Pristimantis paulpittmani has yellow or dirty cream groins and hidden surfaces of hindlimbs, whitish cream irises with scattered dark brown reticulations, and a thin vertical dark brown streak at the middle of the eye, snout subacuminate with a conical tubercle at the tip, and lacks a tympanic annulus and membrane. Additionally, we provide a short description of the advertisement call of P. kiruhampatu. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

New Techniques for Seed Shape Description in Silene Species

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Ana Juan

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José Javier Martín-Gómez

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José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo

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Bohuslav Janoušek

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Emilio Cervantes

Taxonomy 2022, 2(1), 1-19; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2010001 - 23 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 891

Abstract

Seed shape in Silene species is often described by means of adjectives such as reniform, globose, and orbicular, but the application of seed shape for species classification requires quantification. A method for the description and quantification of seed shape consists in the comparison [...] Read more.

Seed shape in Silene species is often described by means of adjectives such as reniform, globose, and orbicular, but the application of seed shape for species classification requires quantification. A method for the description and quantification of seed shape consists in the comparison with geometric models. Geometric models based on mathematical equations were applied to characterize the general morphology of the seeds in 21 species of Silene. In addition to the previously described four models (M1 is the cardioid, and M2 to M4 are figures derived from it), we present four new geometric models (model 5–8). Models 5 and 6 are open cardioids that resemble M3, quite different from the flat models, M2 and M4. Models 7 and 8 were applied to those species not covered by models 2 to 6. Morphological measures were obtained to describe and characterize the dorsal view of the seeds. The analyses done on dorsal views revealed a notable morphological diversity and four groups were identified. A correlation was found between roundness of dorsal view and the geometric models based on lateral views, such that some of the groups defined by seed roundness are also characterized by the similarity to particular models. The usefulness of new morphological tools of seed morphology to taxonomy is discussed. Full article

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Taxonomy, Volume 2, Issue 1 (March 2022) – 12 articles

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