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Article

Rhinacanthin-C but Not -D Extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Offers Neuroprotection via ERK, CHOP, and LC3B Pathways

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Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2
Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Namrita Lall, Marco De Canha, Danielle Berrington and Anna-Mari Reid
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(5), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050627
Received: 11 April 2022 / Revised: 8 May 2022 / Accepted: 9 May 2022 / Published: 20 May 2022
Neurodegenerative diseases present an increasing problem as the world’s population ages; thus, the discovery of new drugs that prevent diseases such as Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s diseases are vital. In this study, Rhinacanthin-C and -D were isolated from Rhinacanthus nasustus, using ethyl acetate, followed by chromatography to isolate Rhinacanthin-C and -D. Both compounds were confirmed using NMR and ultra-performance-LCMS. Using glutamate toxicity in HT-22 cells, we measured cell viability and apoptosis, ROS build-up, and investigated signaling pathways. We show that Rhinacanthin-C and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT-22 cells. Furthermore, we see that Rhinacanthin-C resulted in autophagy inhibition and increased ER stress. In contrast, low concentrations of Rhinacanthin-C and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone prevented ER stress and CHOP expression. All concentrations of Rhinacanthin-C prevented ROS production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We conclude that, while autophagy is present in HT-22 cells subjected to glutamate toxicity, its inhibition is not necessary for cryoprotection. View Full-Text
Keywords: autophagy; Parkinson’s; glutamate toxicity; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection autophagy; Parkinson’s; glutamate toxicity; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection
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MDPI and ACS Style

Rakkhittawattana, V.; Panichayupakaranant, P.; Prasanth, M.I.; Brimson, J.M.; Tencomnao, T. Rhinacanthin-C but Not -D Extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Offers Neuroprotection via ERK, CHOP, and LC3B Pathways. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050627

AMA Style

Rakkhittawattana V, Panichayupakaranant P, Prasanth MI, Brimson JM, Tencomnao T. Rhinacanthin-C but Not -D Extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Offers Neuroprotection via ERK, CHOP, and LC3B Pathways. Pharmaceuticals. 2022; 15(5):627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050627

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rakkhittawattana, Varaporn, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant, Mani I. Prasanth, James M. Brimson, and Tewin Tencomnao. 2022. "Rhinacanthin-C but Not -D Extracted from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz Offers Neuroprotection via ERK, CHOP, and LC3B Pathways" Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5: 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15050627

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