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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088338
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Inhibitory Effect of Cucumis sativus on Melanin Production in Melanoma B16 Cells by Downregulation of Tyrosinase Expression
Publication History
Received: April 19, 2008
Revised: August 21, 2008
Accepted: September 3, 2008
Publication Date:
13 November 2008 (online)
Abstract
We compared the inhibitory effects on melanogenesis of six plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, whole fruits, calyxes, and fruits without calyxes) of Cucumis sativus. MeOH extracts of leaves and stems inhibited melanin production in B16 cells. These extracts did not affect the activity of mushroom tyrosinase or crude enzyme lysate from B16 cells. However, the extracts decreased tyrosinase expression at the protein level. These results suggest that the depigmenting mechanism of extracts from leaves and stems of C. sativus involves the expression of tyrosinase. Of eight compounds isolated from the leaves, lutein (1) (IC50 = 170.7 μM) and (+)-(1R,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-di-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (2) (IC50 = 270.8 μM) were found to suppress melanogenesis. Whereas 1 was found to markedly decrease the expression levels of tyrosinase, 2 only weakly reduced tyrosinase expression. This suggests that 1 is an active component in the leaves of C. sativus and is a potentially useful skin-whitening agent.
Key words
Cucumis sativus - Cucurbitaceae - melanin - tyrosinase - lutein
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Prof. Dr. Toru Okuyama
Department of NaturalMedicine and Phytochemistry
Meiji Pharmaceutical University
2-522-1 Noshio
Kiyose
Tokyo 204–8588
Japan
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Email: okuyama@my-pharm.ac.jp