1. S Afr Med J. 1995 Mar;85(3):133-5. Private sector health care expenditure in South Africa. McI... more 1. S Afr Med J. 1995 Mar;85(3):133-5. Private sector health care expenditure in South Africa. McIntyre D, Valentine N, Cornell J. PMID: 7777953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Editorial. MeSH Terms. Data ...
... Oil seeds and oleaginous fruit 8.54 ... If the interpretation of the RCA growth rate as an in... more ... Oil seeds and oleaginous fruit 8.54 ... If the interpretation of the RCA growth rate as an indicator of changing and potential comparative advantage is correct, then it is ... can be interpreted; and second, it has proposed a way to overcome the problem of the absence of dynamics in the ...
Health in All Policies approaches support the integration of health considerations into the polic... more Health in All Policies approaches support the integration of health considerations into the policies of traditionally siloed governance systems. These siloed systems are often ignorant of the fact that health is created outside of the health system and starts long before you see a health professional. Thus, the purpose of Health in All Policies approaches is to raise the importance of the broad‐based impacts on health from these public policies and to implement healthy public policy that delivers human rights for all. This approach requires significant adjustments to current economic and social policy settings. A well‐being economy similarly aspires to create policy incentives that increase the importance of social and non‐monetized outcomes, such as increased social cohesion environmental sustainability and health. These outcomes can evolve deliberately alongside economic benefits and are impacted by economic and market activities. The principles and functions underpinning Health i...
Health inequities are clear evidence of violations of the right to health. Yet despite this commo... more Health inequities are clear evidence of violations of the right to health. Yet despite this common ground, action on the social determinants of health aiming to reduce health inequities is sometimes disconnected from implementation of human rights-based approaches. This is explained in part by differing histories, disciplines, and epistemologies. The capacity of human rights instruments to alter policies on social determinants can seem limited. An absolutist focus on individuals and processes can seem at odds with the attention to differences in population health outcomes central to the concern for health equity. However, developments in rights-based approaches have seen the terrain of human rights increasingly address social determinants. Human rights provide a firm legal basis for tackling the inequities in power and resources that the Commission on Social Determinants of Health identifies as fundamental to achieving health equity. Indicators and benchmarks developed for rights-based approaches to health systems can be developed further within health sectors and translated to other sectors and disciplines. The discourse and evidence base of social determinants can also contribute to implementing rights-based approaches, as its resultant policy momentum can provide essential levers to realize the right to health. Therefore, there is no clear-cut delineation between the human rights and health equity movements, and both may constructively work together to realize their goals. Such constructive collaboration will not prove straightforward; it will, instead, require profound engagement and innovations in both theory and practice. Yet this effort represents an important opportunity for those who seek social justice in health.
WHO developed and proposed the concept of responsiveness, defining it as aspects of the way indiv... more WHO developed and proposed the concept of responsiveness, defining it as aspects of the way individuals are treated and the environment in which they are treated during health system interactions (Valentine et al. 2003). The concept covers a set of non-clinical and non-financial dimensions of quality of care that reflect respect for human dignity and interpersonal aspects of the care process, which Donabedian (1980) describes as \u2018the vehicle by which technical care is implemented and on which its success depends\u2019. Eight dimensions (or domains) are collectively described as goals for health-care processes and systems (along with the goals of higher average health and lower health inequalities; and non-impoverishment \u2013 as measured through other indicators): (i) dignity, (ii) autonomy, (iii) confidentiality, (iv) communication, (v) prompt attention, (vi) quality (of) basic amenities, (vii) access to social support networks during treatment (social support), and (viii) choice (of health-care providers). Building on extensive previous work, this chapter directs the conceptual and methodological aspects of the responsiveness work in three new directions. First, the given and defined domains (Valentine et al. 2007) are used to link responsiveness (conceptually and empirically) to the increasingly important health system concepts of access to care and equity in access. The concept of equity used in this chapter was defined by a WHO working group with experts on human rights, ethics and equity. It is defined as the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among populations or groups defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically (WHO 2005). Health inequities involve more than inequality \u2013 whether in health determinants or outcomes, or in access to the resources needed to improve and maintain health. They also represent a failure to avoid or overcome such inequality which infringes human rights norms or is otherwise unfair. Second, it expands on the issue of measurement strategies. Third, the psychometric results of the responsiveness module from the WHS are compared with its survey instrument predecessor in the Multi-country Survey (MCS) Study. The chapter concludes with analysis of the most recent results for responsiveness from the WHS for ambulatory and inpatient healthcare services for sixty-five countries (with special reference to subsets of European countries) to see how European countries\u2019 health-care systems perform with respect to responsiveness
1. S Afr Med J. 1995 Mar;85(3):133-5. Private sector health care expenditure in South Africa. McI... more 1. S Afr Med J. 1995 Mar;85(3):133-5. Private sector health care expenditure in South Africa. McIntyre D, Valentine N, Cornell J. PMID: 7777953 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. Publication Types: Editorial. MeSH Terms. Data ...
... Oil seeds and oleaginous fruit 8.54 ... If the interpretation of the RCA growth rate as an in... more ... Oil seeds and oleaginous fruit 8.54 ... If the interpretation of the RCA growth rate as an indicator of changing and potential comparative advantage is correct, then it is ... can be interpreted; and second, it has proposed a way to overcome the problem of the absence of dynamics in the ...
Health in All Policies approaches support the integration of health considerations into the polic... more Health in All Policies approaches support the integration of health considerations into the policies of traditionally siloed governance systems. These siloed systems are often ignorant of the fact that health is created outside of the health system and starts long before you see a health professional. Thus, the purpose of Health in All Policies approaches is to raise the importance of the broad‐based impacts on health from these public policies and to implement healthy public policy that delivers human rights for all. This approach requires significant adjustments to current economic and social policy settings. A well‐being economy similarly aspires to create policy incentives that increase the importance of social and non‐monetized outcomes, such as increased social cohesion environmental sustainability and health. These outcomes can evolve deliberately alongside economic benefits and are impacted by economic and market activities. The principles and functions underpinning Health i...
Health inequities are clear evidence of violations of the right to health. Yet despite this commo... more Health inequities are clear evidence of violations of the right to health. Yet despite this common ground, action on the social determinants of health aiming to reduce health inequities is sometimes disconnected from implementation of human rights-based approaches. This is explained in part by differing histories, disciplines, and epistemologies. The capacity of human rights instruments to alter policies on social determinants can seem limited. An absolutist focus on individuals and processes can seem at odds with the attention to differences in population health outcomes central to the concern for health equity. However, developments in rights-based approaches have seen the terrain of human rights increasingly address social determinants. Human rights provide a firm legal basis for tackling the inequities in power and resources that the Commission on Social Determinants of Health identifies as fundamental to achieving health equity. Indicators and benchmarks developed for rights-based approaches to health systems can be developed further within health sectors and translated to other sectors and disciplines. The discourse and evidence base of social determinants can also contribute to implementing rights-based approaches, as its resultant policy momentum can provide essential levers to realize the right to health. Therefore, there is no clear-cut delineation between the human rights and health equity movements, and both may constructively work together to realize their goals. Such constructive collaboration will not prove straightforward; it will, instead, require profound engagement and innovations in both theory and practice. Yet this effort represents an important opportunity for those who seek social justice in health.
WHO developed and proposed the concept of responsiveness, defining it as aspects of the way indiv... more WHO developed and proposed the concept of responsiveness, defining it as aspects of the way individuals are treated and the environment in which they are treated during health system interactions (Valentine et al. 2003). The concept covers a set of non-clinical and non-financial dimensions of quality of care that reflect respect for human dignity and interpersonal aspects of the care process, which Donabedian (1980) describes as \u2018the vehicle by which technical care is implemented and on which its success depends\u2019. Eight dimensions (or domains) are collectively described as goals for health-care processes and systems (along with the goals of higher average health and lower health inequalities; and non-impoverishment \u2013 as measured through other indicators): (i) dignity, (ii) autonomy, (iii) confidentiality, (iv) communication, (v) prompt attention, (vi) quality (of) basic amenities, (vii) access to social support networks during treatment (social support), and (viii) choice (of health-care providers). Building on extensive previous work, this chapter directs the conceptual and methodological aspects of the responsiveness work in three new directions. First, the given and defined domains (Valentine et al. 2007) are used to link responsiveness (conceptually and empirically) to the increasingly important health system concepts of access to care and equity in access. The concept of equity used in this chapter was defined by a WHO working group with experts on human rights, ethics and equity. It is defined as the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among populations or groups defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically (WHO 2005). Health inequities involve more than inequality \u2013 whether in health determinants or outcomes, or in access to the resources needed to improve and maintain health. They also represent a failure to avoid or overcome such inequality which infringes human rights norms or is otherwise unfair. Second, it expands on the issue of measurement strategies. Third, the psychometric results of the responsiveness module from the WHS are compared with its survey instrument predecessor in the Multi-country Survey (MCS) Study. The chapter concludes with analysis of the most recent results for responsiveness from the WHS for ambulatory and inpatient healthcare services for sixty-five countries (with special reference to subsets of European countries) to see how European countries\u2019 health-care systems perform with respect to responsiveness
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Papers by Nicole Valentine