Bomba!

Bomba! (ボンバ!, Bonba!) is a manga by Osamu Tezuka that began serialization in 1970.

Plot

Tetsu Otani is a junior high school student with a weak heart. Despite the hardships of being so meek at school, he has an intense crush on one of his teachers: Reiko Mizushima. However, one of his least favorite teachers, Kito, intends to propose to her. Since Kito is very violent and often pushes Tetsu around, the thought of him and Reiko together infuriates Tetsu. Before him appears a ghostly white horse, and the next day, Kito is found dead.

Tetsu realizes that this horse is the ghost of Bomba, a horse Tetsu's father told him he was charged to take care of during the Pacific War. Now, whenever Tetsu feels intense hatred for someone, Bomba will appear and cause that person to die.

Characters

Bomba

Bomba may refer to:

Places

Music

Other uses

See also

Bomba (tribe)

The Bomba , also spelled as Bambas, are a powerful tribe of Muzaffarabad District in Azad Kashmir Pakistan. They are also found in the Mansehra District of the North West Frontier Province (now Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan.Kupawara District of Indian Held Kashmir.

History and origin

The Bombas/Bambas style themselves as 'Sultans', and some claim origins from the Quraysh Arab tribe, and say the name Bomba is a corruption of Bani-Hashim, and they are descendants of Ali, son in law of Muhammad. Others state that they are of indigenous hill Rajput origins. In the past Bombas ruled the Jhelum valley and had a close alliance and kinship with the Khakha Rajput tribe who also inhabited the same area. The success of this alliance, earned them a warlike and refractory reputation, as jointly they fought the early Mughal rule of Akbar and later resisted the Sikhs.

Sultan Muzaffar Khan Bomba established the city of Muzaffarabad in present day Azad Kashmir. Sultan Sher Ahmed Khan Bomba was the last Bomba ruler, who was defeated by the Dogra ruler Maharaja Rambir Singh at Panzgam, Kupwara (Keran-Karnah) in current day Indian Kashmir during the early 19th century. Kupwara Keran Bomba Tribe consist of prominent Heads like Sofi Khan-Sheermar Khan-Feroz Khan-Zabardast Khan-Zakeria Khan. Before partition of State Jammu & Kashmir the state was ruled by Bombas and have their empire at many parts of the state like Khori,Majhoi,Lawasi,etc.

Internal Revenue Service

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service of the United States federal government. The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury, and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and the administration of the Internal Revenue Code. It has also overseen various benefit programs, and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act.

The first income tax was assessed in 1862 to raise funds for the American Civil War, with a rate of 3%. Today the IRS collects over $2.4 trillion each tax year. It processes around 234 million tax returns annually.

History

American Civil War (1861–65)

In July 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln and Congress created the office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue and enacted a temporary income tax to pay war expenses (see Revenue Act of 1862). The position of Commissioner exists today as the head of the Internal Revenue Service.

IRS4

Insulin receptor substrate 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS4 gene.

IRS4 encodes the insulin receptor substrate 4, a cytoplasmic protein that contains many potential tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation sites. Tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS4 protein has been shown to associate with cytoplasmic signalling molecules that contain SH2 domains. The IRS4 protein is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase upon receptor stimulation.

Interactions

IRS4 has been shown to interact with CRK and NISCH.

References

Further reading

IRS1

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signalling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS-1 gene. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N-terminus and a PTB domain ca. 40 residues downstream of this. Together with IRS2, IRS3 (pseudogene) and IRS4, it is homologous to the Drosophila protein chico, whose disruption extends the median lifespan of flies up to 48%. Similarly, Irs1 mutant mice experience moderate life extension and delayed age-related pathologies.

Function

Insulin receptor substrate 1 plays a key role in transmitting signals from the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors to intracellular pathways PI3K / Akt and Erk MAP kinase pathways.

Tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptors or IGF-1 receptors, upon extracellular ligand binding, induces the cytoplasmic binding of IRS-1 to these receptors, through its PTB domains. Multiple tyrosine residues of IRS-1 itself are then phosphorylated by these receptors. This enables IRS-1 to activate several signalling pathways, including the PI3K pathway and the MAP kinase pathway.