Crying

Crying is the shedding of tears in response to an emotional state. The act of crying has been defined as "a complex secretomotor phenomenon characterized by the shedding of tears from the lacrimal apparatus, without any irritation of the ocular structures". A related medical term is lacrimation, which also refers to non-emotional shedding of tears. Crying is also known as weeping, wailing, whimpering, and bawling.

For crying to be described as sobbing, it usually has to be accompanied by a set of other symptoms, such as slow but erratic inhalation, occasional instances of breath holding and muscular tremor.

A neuronal connection between the lacrimal gland (tear duct) and the areas of the human brain involved with emotion has been established. There is debate among scientists over whether or not humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotional states.Charles Darwin wrote in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that the keepers of Indian elephants in the London Zoo told him that their charges shed tears in sorrow.

Cry (LL Cool J song)

"Cry" is a single by LL Cool J from his twelfth studio album, Exit 13 (2008). The song features guest vocals by R&B singer Lil' Mo and production by Andreas "Raw Uncut" Dombrowski. The song is noted for its sampling of Bunny Sigler's "Half a Man," and Ja Rule's "I Cry," which also happens to feature Lil' Mo. It was digitally released as an individual buzz single in June 17, 2008, and saw a limited international release as a B-side to the accompanying 12" single, "5 Boroughs," in June 24, 2008; alongside a US release in July 8, 2008.

Chart performance

References

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Cry (Lynn Anderson album)

Cry is a studio album by country music legend Lynn Anderson, released in 1972.

This album was based on Lynn Anderson's hit from early 1972, "Cry", which hit No. 3 on the Billboard Country charts, and No. 1 on the Cashbox Country charts. In addition the song also reached No. 71 on the Pop charts, and No. 16 on the Adult Contemporary charts that year. This album shows Anderson's new direction into placing her voice into more Pop-oriented songs, including "Cry" (originally a No. 1 Pop hit for Johnnie Ray in 1951). After having a No. 1 Country and Pop hit in late 1970, "(I Never Promised You a) Rose Garden", her record company set her records out more for the Pop market, and never looked back. This helped Lynn Anderson gain the biggest success she ever had for a number of years. Thus, this left Anderson from recording the hard Country material she recorded for her late 60s albums under Chart Records.

Husband, Glenn Sutton helped produce this album with producing legend, Clive Davis. Most of the songs featured here are Pop songs, like the Addrisi Brothers' "We've Got to Get It on Again" and Sonny & Cher's "When You Say Love". With the help of legendary Country producer, Billy Sherrill, Sutton wrote some of the songs for this album, some of which had been previously hits for Country singers, like Barbara Mandrell's "Tonight My Baby's Coming Home". This album was big-selling album, reaching No. 2 on the "Top Country Albums" chart and No. 114 on the "Billboard 200" albums chart.

Edition (printmaking)

In printmaking, an edition is a number of prints struck from one plate, usually at the same time. This is the meaning covered by this article. This may be a limited edition, with a fixed number of impressions produced on the understanding that no further impressions (copies) will be produced later, or an open edition limited only by the number that can be sold or produced before the plate wears. Most modern artists produce only limited editions, normally signed by the artist in pencil, and numbered as say 67/100 to show the unique number of that impression and the total edition size.

Original or reproduction?

An important and often confused distinction is that between editions of original prints, produced in the same medium as the artist worked (e.g., etching, or lithography), and reproduction prints (or paintings), which are photographic reproductions of the original work, essentially in the same category as a picture in a book or magazine, though better printed and on better paper. These may be marketed as "limited editions" with investment potential (which is rarely realized), and even signed and numbered by the artist. Some knowledge is often required to tell the difference.

Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B₂) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. During the catalytic cycle, a reversible interconversion of the oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH^•) and reduced (FMNH₂) forms occurs in the various oxidoreductases. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one- and two-electron transfers. In its role as blue-light photo receptor, (oxidized) FMN stands out from the 'conventional' photo receptors as the signaling state and not an E/Z isomerization.

It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cells and tissues. It requires more energy to produce, but is more soluble than riboflavin.

Food additive

Flavin mononucleotide is also used as an orange-red food colour additive, designated in Europe as E number E101a.

EMD E8

The E8 was a 2,250-horsepower (1,678 kW), A1A-A1A passenger-train locomotive built by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division (EMD) of La Grange, Illinois. 450 cab versions, or E8As, were built from August 1949 to January 1954, 447 for the U.S. and 3 for Canada. 46 E8Bs were built from December 1949 to January 1954, all for the U.S. The 2,250 hp came from two 12 cylinder model 567B engines, each driving a generator to power the two traction motors on one truck. The E8 was the ninth model in the line of passenger diesels of similar design known as EMD E-units. Starting in September 1953 at total of 21 E8As were built which used either the 567BC or 567C engines.

In profile the front of the nose of E7, E8, and E9 units is less slanted than earlier EMD units, and E7/8/9s (and their four axle cousins, the F-unit series) have been nicknamed “bulldog nose” units. Earlier E-unit locomotives were nicknamed “slant nose” units. After passenger trains were canceled on the Erie Lackawanna in 1970, the E8s were re-geared for freight and were very reliable for the EL. These units were on freight trains until the early years of Consolidated Railroad Corporation ("Conrail").

H&E stain

Hematoxylin and eosin stain or haematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal stains in histology. It is the most widely used stain in medical diagnosis and is often the gold standard; for example when a pathologist looks at a biopsy of a suspected cancer, the histological section is likely to be stained with H&E and termed "H&E section", "H+E section", or "HE section". A combination of hematoxylin and eosin, it produces blues, violets, and reds.

Principle

The staining method involves application of hemalum, a complex formed from aluminium ions and hematein (an oxidation product of hematoxylin). Hemalum colors nuclei of cells (and a few other objects, such as keratohyalin granules and calcified material) blue. The nuclear staining is followed by counterstaining with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of eosin Y, which colors eosinophilic structures in various shades of red, pink and orange.

The staining of nuclei by hemalum is ordinarily due to binding of the dye-metal complex to DNA, but nuclear staining can be obtained after extraction of DNA from tissue sections. The mechanism is different from that of nuclear staining by basic (cationic) dyes such as thionine or toluidine blue. Staining by basic dyes occurs only from solutions that are less acidic than hemalum, and it is prevented by prior chemical or enzymatic extraction of nucleic acids. There is evidence to indicate that coordinate bonds, similar to those that hold aluminium and hematein together, bind the hemalum complex to DNA and to carboxy groups of proteins in the nuclear chromatin.