Drift
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Drift (linguistics)
Two types of language change can be characterized as linguistic drift: a unidirectional short-term and cyclic long-term drift.
Short-term unidirectional drift
According to Sapir, drift is the unconscious change in natural language. He gives the example Whom did you see? which is grammatically correct but is generally replaced by Who did you see? Structural symmetry seems to have brought about the change: all other wh- words are monomorphic (consisting of only one morpheme). The drift of speech changes dialects and, in long terms, it generates new languages. Although it may appear these changes have no direction, in general they do. For example, in the English language, there was the Great Vowel Shift, a chain shift of long vowels first described and accounted for in terms of drift by Jespersen (1909–1949). Another example of drift is the tendency in English to eliminate the -er comparative formative and to replace it with the more analytic more. Thus, we now regularly hear more kind and more happy instead of the prescriptive kinder, happier. In English, it may be the competition of the -er agentive suffix which has brought about this drift, i.e. the eventual loss of the Germanic comparative system in favor of the newer system calqued on French. Moreover, the structural asymmetry of the comparative formation may be a cause of this change.
Drift (telecommunication)
In telecommunication, a drift is a comparatively long-term change in an attribute, value, or operational parameter of a system or equipment. The drift should be characterized, such as "diurnal frequency drift" and "output level drift." Drift is usually undesirable and unidirectional, but may be bidirectional, cyclic, or of such long-term duration and low excursion rate as to be negligible.
Drift is also common in pseudo-synchronised streaming applications, such as low-latency audio streaming over TCP/IP. Normally both ends of a streaming connection would stay in-sync with a master clock but TCP/IP does not provide this 'master clock' mechanism. Therefore applications running fixed clocks will drift apart over time and glitches will occur. This is usually fixed by controlling jitter or drift, by slightly altering the clock speed at one end of the connection.
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Satchel
A satchel is a bag, often with a strap. The strap is often worn so that it diagonally crosses the body, with the bag hanging on the opposite hip, rather than hanging directly down from the shoulder. They are traditionally used for carrying books. The back of a satchel extends to form a flap that folds over to cover the top and fastens in the front. Unlike a briefcase, a satchel is soft-sided.
History
Roman legionaries carried a satchel (a loculus).
The satchel became a fashion accessory and was popular during the 17th century.
A carriel is "a small leather satchel from Colombia with a long history dating back 400 years".
A photo from the Bain News Service shows Camille Saint-Saëns carrying a satchel in the United States in 1915.
Letter carriers in many countries (including the United States) carry a mail satchel.
School bag
The traditional Oxford and Cambridge style satchel is a simple design that features a simple pouch with a front flap. Variations include designs with a single or double pocket on the front and sometimes a handle on the top of the bag. The classic school bag satchel often had two straps, so that it could be worn like a backpack, with the design having the straps coming in a V from the centre of the back of the bag, rather than separate straps on each side. This style is sometimes called a satchel backpack.
Satchel (disambiguation)
A satchel is a type of carrying bag. Satchel may also refer to:
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Satchel (band)
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Satchel is an alternative rock band from Seattle, currently featuring Shawn Smith (vocals, piano, guitar, bass), Regan Hagar (drums, bass), and John Hoag (guitar, bass).
History
Satchel was originally formed under the name Bliss by vocalist Shawn Smith and drummer Regan Hagar, after their previous band Brad (which also featured guitarist Stone Gossard) went on hiatus. They recruited guitarist John Hoag, bassist Cory Kane and Jefferson Bennett on saxophone. However they were met with a copyright name challenge. As a result, they settled on the name Satchel, and Bennett left the band.
Satchel released their first album EDC in 1994. Some of EDC's song titles were taken from the character's names in the film Reservoir Dogs, one of the band's favorite movies. Satchel went on tour to support the album.
In early 1995, the bassist Cory Kane was replaced by Mike Berg because of personality conflicts. They released their second album, The Family, in 1996, which was co-produced by Stone Gossard. Again, the band embarked on a long tour. At the end of the tour, Smith and Hagar were invited by Gossard to reform Brad, an invitation they accepted. As a result, Hoag quit the band and Satchel went on hiatus. In 2005, Brad released Brad vs. Satchel, an album of previously unreleased tracks from both Satchel and Brad.
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