Flight dynamics

Flight dynamics is the study of the performance, stability, and control of vehicles flying through the air or in outer space. It is concerned with how forces acting on the vehicle influence its speed and attitude with respect to time.

In fixed-wing aircraft, the changing orientation of the vehicle with respect to the local air flow is represented by two critical parameters, angle of attack ("alpha") and angle of sideslip ("beta"). These angles describe the vector direction of airspeed, important because it is the principal source of modulations in the aerodynamic forces and moments applied to the aircraft.

Spacecraft flight dynamics involve three forces: propulsive (rocket engine), gravitational, and lift and drag (when traveling through the earths or any other celestial atmosphere). Because aerodynamic forces involved with spacecraft flight are very small, this leaves gravity as the dominant force.

Aircraft and spacecraft share a critical interest in their orientation with respect to the earth horizon and heading, and this is represented by another set of angles, "yaw," "pitch" and "roll" which angles match their colloquial meaning, but also have formal definition as an Euler sequence. These angles are the product of the rotational equations of motion, where orientation responds to torque, just as the velocity of a vehicle responds to forces. For all flight vehicles, these two sets of dynamics, rotational and translational, operate simultaneously and in a coupled fashion to evolve the vehicle's state (orientation and velocity) trajectory.

Euler angles

The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body. To describe such an orientation in 3-dimensional Euclidean space three parameters are required. They can be given in several ways, Euler angles being one of them; see charts on SO(3) for others. Euler angles are also used to describe the orientation of a frame of reference (typically, a coordinate system or basis) relative to another. They are typically denoted as α, β, γ, or φ, θ, ψ.

Euler angles represent a sequence of three elemental rotations, i.e. rotations about the axes of a coordinate system. For instance, a first rotation about z by an angle α, a second rotation about x by an angle β, and a last rotation again about y, by an angle γ. These rotations start from a known standard orientation. In physics, this standard initial orientation is typically represented by a motionless (fixed, global, or world) coordinate system; in linear algebra, by a standard basis.

Any orientation can be achieved by composing three elemental rotations. The elemental rotations can either occur about the axes of the fixed coordinate system (extrinsic rotations) or about the axes of a rotating coordinate system, which is initially aligned with the fixed one, and modifies its orientation after each elemental rotation (intrinsic rotations). The rotating coordinate system may be imagined to be rigidly attached to a rigid body. In this case, it is sometimes called a local coordinate system. Without considering the possibility of using two different conventions for the definition of the rotation axes (intrinsic or extrinsic), there exist twelve possible sequences of rotation axes, divided in two groups:

List of rolled foods

This is a list of rolled foods. Many types of rolled foods exist, including those in the forms of dishes, prepared foods, snacks and candies.

See also

Stacks (rapper)

Yannique De Lisle Barker (born January 25, 1985), known by his stage name Stack$, is an American hip hop musician from Miami who grew up in Washington, D.C.

Early life

His father, Cecile D. Barker, managed Sly & the Family Stone and Peaches & Herb, while co-producing “Midnight Train to Georgia” with his partner Tony Camillo. Later, he founded a successful aerospace company (OAO Corporation), which he later sold to Lockheed Martin, the world's largest defense contractor. Barker also founded OAO Technology Solutions, an information systems company, which he took public via an IPO on the NASDAQ. He later moved his family to South Beach, Florida where he was one of the three partners who built the Royal Palm Hotel on Collins Avenue, and he founded or bought several restaurants and night clubs in South Beach, including Solid Gold, Club 320, and SoBe Live. Cecile D. Barker is now a SoBe Entertainment record executive.

Born and raised in Washington DC, Stack$ attended the Landon School in Bethesda, Maryland. While at Landon he was a member of the tennis team. Stack$ attended the University of Southern California (USC) and graduated from the University of Miami (UM). He was preparing for his 3rd year of film school at the USC School of Film and Cinematography when he decided to postpone school to pursue his lifetime passion for music. He eventually completed his BS undergraduate degree at UM. He is enrolled in a graduate program at UM.

Library stack

In library science and architecture, a stack or bookstack (often referred to as a library building's stacks) is a book storage area, as opposed to a reading area. More specifically, this term refers to a narrow-aisled, multilevel system of iron or steel shelving that evolved in the nineteenth century to meet increasing demands for storage space. An "open-stack" library allows its patrons to enter the stacks to browse for themselves; "closed stacks" means library staff retrieve books for patrons on request.

Early Development

French Architect Henri Labrouste, shortly after making pioneering use of iron in the Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve of 1850, created a four story iron stack for the Bibliothèque nationale de France. In 1857, multilevel stacks with grated iron floors were installed in the British Library. In 1876, William R. Ware designed a stack for Gore Hall at Harvard University. In contrast to the structural relationship found in most buildings, the floors of these bookstacks did not support the shelving, but rather the reverse, the floors being attached to, and supported by, the shelving framework. Even the load of the building's roof, and of any non-shelving spaces above the stacks (such as offices), may be transmitted to the building's foundation through the shelving system itself. The building's external walls act as an envelope but provide no significant structural support.

Stacks (album)

Stacks is a studio album by former Whitesnake guitar player Bernie Marsden, released in 2005.

"A Place in My Heart" was covered by Joe Bonamassa on his album Driving Towards the Daylight (2012).

Track listing

Production notes

Personnel