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EXCAVATIONS OF HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLD COMPLEX OF THE 11TH - FIRST THIRD OF THE 13TH CENTURY IN SHAHRISTAN OF DERBENT
EXCAVATIONS OF HOUSING AND HOUSEHOLD COMPLEX OF THE 11TH - FIRST THIRD OF THE 13TH CENTURY IN SHAHRISTAN OF DERBENT
Gadjiev Murtazali2024
Short report about rescue excavations of housing and household complex of Pre-Mongol period on the territory of the medieval shahristan of Derbent (Arab. Bab al-abwab, Turk. Demir-kapy)
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Author directed an investigation on a problem of ancient agglomeration of sites, their weight (status) for region. That`s why the algorithms of GIS analysis were used. In order to create the necessary conditions for analysis the author formed a number of surfaces reflecting topography, hydro system and historical situation of the region. Type layers of three categories of sites were created. These are non-fortified rural sites, settlements and cemeteries reflecting the chronological sequence of the development of the region from the 10th to the 13th century AD. On the base of this archaeological geoinformation system a number of analytical surfaces were modeled with the aid of various tools of the Spatial Analyst software ArcMap 10.1 modules. They reflect the areas of compact settling from the earliest phases (the 10th century), the concentration of specific groups of settlements implying different ways of settling, such as linking to fortified sites, the exclusively rural settling, etc. Rural settlements are investigated in the context of synchronous fortified settlements and cemeteries. It enables us to trace tentatively the neighborhood of the presumed early settlements and their evolution from the 10th to the 13th century AD.
The article publishes the study on archaeological complex – earthhouse (dwelling) no. 2 – excavated on the suburb territory of Kartal hillfort. Amongst the ceramic debris there are fragments of the Basarabi culture, and properly speaking, they namely determine the date of the complex. The analysis of a quiet large and various ceramic collection along with the data for the hillfort of Kartal of the Middle Hallstatt period permits us to express an opinion concerning antiquities of this period in the Lower Danube basin. Two cultural traditions are supposed to have existed. One of them – the Basarabi culture, which was a late phenomenon. Another group was earlier and corresponded in cultural relation to Babadag III materials, or some separate (new) cultural horizons. It could have been formed on the base of Stoicani and Kartal sites.
Археологія та давня історія України
THE MODELLING OF THE SETTLEMENTS IN 11TH–13TH CENT. BASED ON THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES REMAINS OF TEREBOVLYA PRINCEDOM (in Ukrainian)2020 •
The purpose of the paper is to build a model that reconstructs settlement structure inside the border of the ancient historical land — Terebovlya princedom. The different types of archaeological sites from 10th to 13th cent. were analyzed. These 710 sites are the source for researching the region's settlement structure and the reconstruction of ancient settlements is based on it. Soil coverings are analyzed and landscape types are reconstructed based on soil types. These tasks were realized by implementing the GIS «Ancient Settlements of The Terebovlya Princedom». The analysis of mapped archaeological sites has revealed several aspects in the terms of existence. In particular, the process of new fortified settlements construction was intensified at the end of the 10th cent. We can reliably associate this process with the inclusion of the region in the area of influence of the Old Rus state. Increasing in number of fortresses, which were found in the 11th cent. marks the establishment of the Terebovlya Princedom as an administrative unit of the Galician Land. An analysis of the sites, that existed during the 12th–13th cent. is testified to the tendency of the massive growth of fortified and especially, non–fortified rural settlements. This tendency is common to most regions of Old Rus state at that period. The number of new fortified settlements increased in 1.5 times, the number of new rural settlements — in 7.4 times. But what is particularly different is the lacuna in chronology of settlements dating by 10th–13th cent. Mostly, these sites do not contain layers of 11th century. This fact may be an archaeological confirmation of the conquests of Prince Volodymyr at the end of the 10th century in the region of Middle Dniester. The ancient settlements which were reconstructed from archaeological sites are considered in two stages. At the early stage of functioning (11th cent.) there is a concentration of settlements in the northern part of the princedom, around the centers, which were the centers of social life traditionally, from the early periods (Krutyliv I, Bohit, Postolivka I). The chronology and the social role of these centers is the question which should be detailed. A two–stage cluster analysis, conducted for the ancient settlements revealed such degree of neighborhood: for the settlements of 11th cent. the average nearest neighbor index is about 6.9 km and for the settlements of 12th–13th cent. this number is about 2.7 km. The economic aspect of the settlement structure is shown through using of soils and landscapes by ancient society. The reconstructed landscapes based on the soil cover, shows us a dominance of deciduous (leaved) and meadow–steppe areas on this territory. And among the reconstructed deciduous landscapes, the percentage of ancient forests reached 65% in the Middle Ages. At the first look the ancient settlements were located on the borders of landscapes, in ecotones, which indirectly, can confirm the mixed type of management (farming). The necessary baseline and supplementary data were prepared for the reconstruction of the paleo economy during the process of modeling the ancient settlements structure of the region and will form the basis for further research. Keywords: ancient settlements, the index of the nearest neighborhood, reconstruction of landscapes, settlement structure, Terebovlya princedom
Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria
Crafts and Household Activities in Chersonessos in the 13th c. (Based on Finds from the Layer of Fire) (in Russian). Ремесла и промыслы Херсона в 13 в. (по находкам из слоя пожара)2008 •
Chersonessos, systematically explored from the end of the 19'" century, is of great interest for the research in the field of Late Byzantine town. The excavations of the dwelli g quarters abruptly burnt in the third quarter of the 13'" century brought to light the complete complex of artifacts that had been in use just before the fire, providing an insight into everyday-life of the residents. Yet the fire layer has produced a surprisingly limited number of traces of the household activities. The most numerous are connected with bread baking (more than 210 millstones, about 40 mortars and a lot of vaulted ovens), fishery (practically in all houses fishing equipment is present) and tools connected with clothes-making and wool carding (24 iron carders, numerous whorls, needles and thimbles). These are followed by farming (18 ploughshares, 5 mattocks, 6 sickles, 6 hoes and 2 scythes), building activity (22 dressing axes and 2 plasterer’s shovels) and woodworking (3 saws, 6 adzes, 3 planers). Metalworking, beside metallurgy workshop and several suggested smithies, is represented with innumerous separate finds (5 crucibles, 9 moulds, 1 anvil and 1 chisel). Besides, in the layer 18 axes, 3 hammers, 4 picks, 1 crowbar (?) and 1 borer have been unearthed. These implements don’t constitute a set characteristic of some industrial production, but represent ordinary household equipment. Almost complete absence of the pronounced traces of workshops is observed along with a large volume of import, represented with a vast assortment of commodities, including amphorae, glazed and glass ware, bronze goods and so on. Such a situation allows suggesting that Chersonessos residents, producing some simple things for themselves and some neighbors, received all the rest from the outside deriving profit from the position of the town on the crossroad of the routes connecting South and North
НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НИЗОВИЙ КУБАНИ XIII-XIV вв. ПО АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ: ПРОДОЛЖЕНИЕ ДИСКУССИИ
POPULATION OF THE LOWER KUBAN OF THE 13TH-14TH CENTURIES ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL MATERIALS: CONTINUATION OF THE DISCUSSION2020 •
Статья посвящена результатам комплексного анализа археологических и антропологических материалов, полученных при изучении серии грунтовых некрополей золотоордынского времени, локализующихся в низовьях Кубани (Гостагаевский, Жукова, Псебепс-3, Бердичка 3, Натухаевское 5), которые в научной литературе уже получили атри-буцию как погребальные памятники средневековых адыгов. Автор обращает внимание на целый ряд специфических черт, таких, как каменные гробницы особой конструкции, практика разновременных захоронений в одной грунтовой могиле, наличие деревянных гробов в каменных гробницах и других, которые выделяют данную группу памятников на фоне синхронных могильников Северо-Западного Кавказа и Северо-Восточного При-черноморья. Приведены аргументы в пользу версии о полиэтничном характере населения, оставившего могильники. Показаны аналогии особенностям погребальных комплексов рассматриваемых некрополей в средневековых памятниках Тамани, Крыма и Дона. Пред-ставлен широкий археологический комментарий результатов анализа антропологических материалов из этих могильников. Ключевые слова: археология средневековья, антропология, Нижняя Кубань, грунто-вые могильники, каменные ящики, черкесы, Золотая Орда Данные об авторе: Дружинина Инга Александровна-кандидат исторических наук, научный сотрудник группы археологии Кавказа Института археологии Российской академии наук.
Scientific Bulletin of Civil Engineering
APPLICATION OF THE PEOPLES EXPERIENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSING FOR A UKRAINIAN COLLECTIVE FARMER DISCUSSION IN PERIODICALS OF THE 1930s AND 1940s OF THE ХХth CENTURY2019 •
Analysis and systematization of archaeological materials of Housing and household buildings and monumental stone buildings occupies an important place in the study of the planning features of the urban development culture, the description of the applied structures, building materials and preserved architectural details. All the buildings of the Kazan Khanate period discovered today were found during archaeological works. Complex researches of the whole variety of archaeological data obtained in Kazan at the opening of large areas with excavations allow us to recreate not only the layout and topography of the city, but also to trace the dynamics of its development, raise questions about the reconstruction of the architectural appearance of the city, establish the specifics of economic and craft activities for individual territories and Objects.
История, археология и этнография Кавказа
DAGESTAN IN THE ARABIC-PERSIAN GEOGRAPHIC WORKS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 13TH CENTURY2021 •
The Arabic-Persian geographic works of the first half of the 18th century are of little value in reconstructing the history of the North Caucasus. On the one hand, this can be explained by the dependence of such material on earlier Arabic-Persian monuments: we often observe repetition of information, either fully or partially. In this regard, researchers turn to earlier texts and, to a lesser extent, consider data from the text of the first half of the 13th century. On the case of three geographic works written in the period under question, the present paper attempts to demonstrate features of information about Dagestan in the context of a particular work, as well as to identify the historiographic continuity. What is more important is to highlight those plots that the authors below included in their own texts, to show what specific information on the history of Dagestan they considered important. For our study, we have selected both relatively well-known and widely used monuments, such as "Mu'jam al-Buldān" ("Dictionary of Countries") by Yaqut al-Hamawi, as well as less popular texts-an anonymous work "Aja'ib ad-Dunya" ("Wonders of the World") and "Jahan-nameh" ("Book About the World") by Najib Bakran. The study focuses on the last two texts and the information they contain; however, we also try to characterize the valuable information contained in Mu'jam al-Buldān. We hope that our study will raise interest to both Arabic-Persian works mentioned here and the issue of reflecting the history of Dagestan in relatively late sources. Moreover, the very logic of including certain information on the history of the region, both in the works of the first half of the 13th century and in later texts, deserves, as we believe, special attention.
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