The COVID-19 pandemic called for reconfiguration of the GVC. In fact, the pandemic emerged as a trigger that forced companies to revise, think, rethink and redesign their production footprint. Accordingly, UNCTAD (2020a, b) identified four megatrends of the GVCs that impacted the international production since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 : Diversification, Replication, Reshoring and Regionalization of the GVCs. However, many experts believed that the COVID-19 may induce companies to make their GVCs more regional and even more domestic, in order to reduce risks and to adapt the manufacturing networks to the pre-pandemic phenomena that were already weakening the GVC production model. In other words, GVCs are likely to be partially reconfigured and recombined into regional value chains (RVCs) and/or domestic value chains (DVCs). This prioritization of the 'Domestic and Regionalization of the GVCs' is mainly targeting the Pharmaceutical Industry. In fact, the globalization of the Pharmaceutical Industry has been associated with significant ' Destructive Effects ' including the growing importance of the counterfeit medicine goods and its negative impact on health and wellbeing. Furthermore, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March 2020, many nations in the West realized their hyperdependence to China regarding health-related industries (e.g. masks, drugs, ventilators, individual protection devices) . Unfortunately, regarding the crucial role that the above ‘ Health-related Goods and Services’ played in the management of the pandemic response (Baldwin and Evenett, 2020 ; UNCTAD, 2020b), the hyper dependence to the China on the one hand and the supply chains crisis and the lockdowns associated to COVID-19 pandemic on the second hand have caused the mismanagement of masks, drugs, ventilators, individual protection devices that in turn endangers the lives of many westerners and increased their vulnerability to the COVID-19. As a result, many governments in the North decided to accelerate the relocation of their health-related industries. Furthermore, beside the relocation of Health-related Industries, the backshore is also targeting semiconductors and rare earth elements in order to reduce the dependence on China as well (Eversden, 2021). However, and unfortunately for the West, in many cases, the restoration of the primacy of politics over economics due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Meyer, 2020) on the one hand and massive implementation of back-and near-shoring strategies regarded to the Health-related Industries on the second hand led to zero sum game at the expense of the West. In fact, Srai and Ané (2016) and Zhai et al. (2016) stated that industrial policies are rarely the drivers of back-shoring strategies. Furthermore, the current deficit of ‘ Cheap and Abundant Inputs such as STEM-ICT-Analytycs Skills and Competencies and Energy Resources’ in the West is impacting negatively their competitive advantage in the Intangible-intensive Activities. Moreover, misperception and huge confusion in ' Ideological Position ' are also worsening the situation. For example, while the West is facing a Supply challenge, many continue to prioritize a Demand Agenda. In fact, instead of improving their competitive advantage in the production and distribution of ' Cost-effective and Personalized Low-added, Middle-added and High-added Values Goods and Services ' simultaneously for the ' Low-income, Middle-income and High-income Workforce' of the ' Low-income, Middle-income and High-income Cities and Nations of the World ', some ' Western's Nations ' continue to grasp to ' Redistributive Policies ' that increase the risk of ' Debt and Trade Deficits '. Since then, the prioritization of the ‘ Domestic and Regionalization of the GVCs’ is leading to Zero sum game that began since the 2007-2009 Financial crisis and started to be amplified with the COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine. Unfortunately, beyond the above Systemic Risks, the Capitalisation effects of the Urbanization such as the current Industrial Internet of Things Revolution could guarantee the sustained existence of the ' Zero sum game'. In fact, despite the willing and determination of the West to accelerate its ' Reshoring process ', the current Industrial Internet of Things Revolution is transforming the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic and the 21st Century into New Era of Outsourcing and Offshoring. However, compared to the North, the current ' Maturity stage of IT' is reinforcing the position of Asia as Top Destination of Outsourcing. In fact, by massively investing in Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Robotic among others, the Global Low-cost and Outsourcing Centers of Asia are upgrading in value chains and improving their ' Innovation Outsourcing Services '. By so doing, they are offering significant reduction of operation costs, flexibility and saving time opportunities to Western’s corporates. Furthermore, the dispersion of ' Intangible-intensive Activities ' including the the one of Healthcare outsourcing can help the US build a ‘ Cost-effective, Inclusive and Efficient Healthcare System’. As a result, a dispersion of the Health-related Industries and by extension the one of ' Intangible-intensive Activities' not only could be embedded into the shift away from the predominance of Core-Periphery Configuration regarding the Intangible-intensive Activities to the Gradual Polycentric Configuration but also could lead to a Positive Sum Game. This ' Positive sum game' could be reinforced by the competitive advantage of the west into the conception of Cost-effective Personalized, Smart and Connected Products and Services. In fact, compared to the North and despite their competitive advantage in New Product Development (NPD) Process, Asia lacks the ability to effectively conceive Cost-effective Personalized, Smart and Connected Products and Services. This position of US is reinforced by the performance of its GAFAM, Maturity stage of IT, Silicon Valley Model and its competitive advantage in Electric Vehicles. Furthermore, compared to Asia, the US and by extension the West have competitive advantage in the Green and Clean Economy that can help them capture the maximum of opportunities offered by the GVCs and Green and Clean Revolutions. However, The ADB's Strategy 2030 supports investments that will enable the development of green businesses and jobs in Asia and the Pacific. Furthermore, according to McKinsey Companies (2022), Asia’s sustainability landscape has an expected addressable market size of $4 trillion to $5 trillion across 11 broad sectors by 2030. Since then, in aggregate terms, preventing a restoration of the primacy of politics over economics in International trade and GVCs trade on the one hand and allowing the Reconfiguration of the GVCs to be shaped, structured and supported by a Positive sum game instead of Zero or Negative sum game on the second hand could prevent the Deindustrialization of the West, start a New Era of Industralization and Re-industrialization in US that will be associated with the one of Urbanization and Industrialization in Asia, help the International trade and GVC trade to bear all the fruits expected and accelerate the move towards Sustainability. Key Words : The COVID-19 Pandemic; Reconfiguration of the GVC; Diversification, Replication, Reshoring and Regionalization of the GVCs; Pharmaceutical Industry; Hyperdependence to Asia; Health-related Industries; Health-related Goods and Services ; The management of the Pandemic Response; The Supply Chains Crisis; The Lockdowns; The Mismanagement of Masks, Drugs, Ventilators, Individual Protection Devices; The Restoration of the Primacy of Politics over Economics; Industrial Policies; STEM-ICT-Analytycs Skills and Competencies; Intangible-intensive Activities; Supply challenge; Demand Agenda; New Era of Outsourcing and Offshoring; Asia as Top Destination of Outsourcing ; Cost-effective, Inclusive and Efficient Healthcare System; Core-Periphery Configuration; Gradual Polycentric Configuration

The COVID-19 pandemic called for reconfiguration of the GVC. In fact, the pandemic emerged as a trigger that forced companies to revise, think, rethink and redesign their production footprint. Accordingly, UNCTAD (2020a, b) identified four megatrends of the GVCs that impacted the international production since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 : Diversification, Replication, Reshoring and Regionalization of the GVCs. However, many experts believed that the COVID-19 may induce companies to make their GVCs more regional and even more domestic, in order to reduce risks and to adapt the manufacturing networks to the pre-pandemic phenomena that were already weakening the GVC production model. In other words, GVCs are likely to be partially reconfigured and recombined into regional value chains (RVCs) and/or domestic value chains (DVCs). This prioritization of the 'Domestic and Regionalization of the GVCs' is mainly targeting the Pharmaceutical Industry. In fact, the globalization of the Pharmaceutical Industry has been associated with significant ' Destructive Effects ' including the growing importance of the counterfeit medicine goods and its negative impact on health and wellbeing. Furthermore, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March 2020, many nations in the West realized their hyperdependence to China regarding health-related industries (e.g. masks, drugs, ventilators, individual protection devices) . Unfortunately, regarding the crucial role that the above ‘ Health-related Goods and Services’ played in the management of the pandemic response (Baldwin and Evenett, 2020 ; UNCTAD, 2020b), the hyper dependence to the China on the one hand and the supply chains crisis and the lockdowns associated to COVID-19 pandemic on the second hand have caused the mismanagement of masks, drugs, ventilators, individual protection devices that in turn endangers the lives of many westerners and increased their vulnerability to the COVID-19. As a result, many governments in the North decided to accelerate the relocation of their health-related industries. Furthermore, beside the relocation of Health-related Industries, the backshore is also targeting semiconductors and rare earth elements in order to reduce the dependence on China as well (Eversden, 2021). However, and unfortunately for the West, in many cases, the restoration of the primacy of politics over economics due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Meyer, 2020) on the one hand and massive implementation of back-and near-shoring strategies regarded to the Health-related Industries on the second hand led to zero sum game at the expense of the West. In fact, Srai and Ané (2016) and Zhai et al. (2016) stated that industrial policies are rarely the drivers of back-shoring strategies. Furthermore, the current deficit of ‘ Cheap and Abundant Inputs such as STEM-ICT-Analytycs Skills and Competencies and Energy Resources’ in the West is impacting negatively their competitive advantage in the Intangible-intensive Activities. Moreover, misperception and huge confusion in ' Ideological Position ' are also worsening the situation. For example, while the West is facing a Supply challenge, many continue to prioritize a Demand Agenda. In fact, instead of improving their competitive advantage in the production and distribution of ' Cost-effective and Personalized Low-added, Middle-added and High-added Values Goods and Services ' simultaneously for the ' Low-income, Middle-income and High-income Workforce' of the ' Low-income, Middle-income and High-income Cities and Nations of the World ', some ' Western's Nations ' continue to grasp to ' Redistributive Policies ' that increase the risk of ' Debt and Trade Deficits '. Since then, the prioritization of the ‘ Domestic and Regionalization of the GVCs’ is leading to Zero sum game that began since the 2007-2009 Financial crisis and started to be amplified with the COVID-19 pandemic and war in Ukraine. Unfortunately, beyond the above Systemic Risks, the Capitalisation effects of the Urbanization such as the current Industrial Internet of Things Revolution could guarantee the sustained existence of the ' Zero sum game'. In fact, despite the willing and determination of the West to accelerate its ' Reshoring process ', the current Industrial Internet of Things Revolution is transforming the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic and the 21st Century into New Era of Outsourcing and Offshoring. However, by preventing a restoration of the primacy of politics over economics in International trade and GVCs trade on the one hand and allowing the Reconfiguration of the GVCs to be shaped, structured and supported by a Positive sum game instead of Zero or Negative sum game on the second hand could: - Help US build a Cost-effective, Efficient and Inclusive Healthcare System. - Help prevent the Deindustrialization of the West. - Start a New Era of Industralization and Re-industrialization in US that will be associated with the one of Urbanization and Industrialization in Asia. - Help the International trade and GVC trade to bear all the fruits expected and accelerate the move towards Sustainability. Key Words: Reconfiguration of the GVC; Market-oriented State-centric Capitalism; Global Low-cost and Outsourcing Centers; Systemic Risks; Diversification; Replication; Reshoring; Regionalization ; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health-related Goods and Services; The Restoration of the Primacy of Politics over Economics; Industrial Policies; Intangible-intensive Activities; Sustainability.

Palabras clave: gestión de la cadena de suministro, negocios internacionales, gestión de las multinacionales, digitalización, retorno de procesos productivos.

The current Growth Stage of Democracy could be considered as Exclusive Democracy. In fact, while it has improved the political emancipation for all by making it easier for all to get access to the democratic process, it did not improved the economic, social and cultural emancipation for all. For example, it has increased the risk of marginalization and exclusion of the Lower and Moderate Income Workforce and Minorities that include Female, Youth, Disable, Senior and Underrepresented Minorities due to exclusive nature of all its drivers such as Trade, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Spatial distribution of economic activities. In fact, the current Global Trade is unfair because it stimulates the massive transfer of the wealth of the Westerners' Lower and Moderate Income Workforce throughout a competitiveness genocide, the massive exports of the low and middle jobs in the low-cost locations, cyberespionage, counterfeiting, tax-avoidance mechanism among others. Furthermore, Innovation and Entrepreneurship and the Spatial distribution of Economic Activities are exclusive by nature as they tend to be concentrated overtime. By so doing, they stimulate significant structured inequalities and spatial disparities Therefore, it has become relevant to shift away from Exclusive Democracy to Inclusive Democracy in order to improve the resilience of our Family-based, Automotive-based, City-based, Market-based, Consumer-driven, Productivity-driven and Innovation-led Economy and Civilization. To do so, it'll be relevant to shift away from the Exclusive Innovation and Entrepreneurship to Inclusive Innovation and Entrepreneurship on the one hand and shift away from the current Unfair Global Trade to Fair and Reciprocal Global Trade on the second hand. This shift will be driven by several Structural, Behavioral and Trade Reforms and Transformations. However, regarded to the correlation within Democracy and Entrepreneurship, this article will focus on the below initiatives in order to accelerate the shift away from Exclusive Entrepreneurship to Inclusive Entrepreneurship. Then, as since the emergence of the modern economy, the social sciences did not build any effective and coherent Theoretical and Empirical Framework for the Minority' Entrepreneurship like Women's Entrepreneurship, emphasis will be on : - The Personalization of the Minority' Entrepreneurship particularly the Women and Youth Entrepreneurship. It has included in the first time the improvement of the Women and Youth' Entrepreneurship and STEM-ICTs-Analytics Education and Training. - The build Effective and Strategic Apprenticeship, Effective New Entrepreneurial Ecosystem driven by Cluster-oriented Initiatives and Programs and facilitate the access to finance for the minorities.- Meeting women's financing needs at all stages of the business continuum. - Take-up of business development and support services. - Access to corporate, government and international markets of Minorities' corporates in order to accelerate the internationalization process and reduce their Corporate's Life Cycles. - Technology access and utilisation ; R&D and innovation- The development of the Home-based (Self-based) Entrepreneurship. - The Flexibility of the Labor Market, Market of Goods and Services and Financial Market. - The adoption of the Personalized, Flexible, Clean, Green, Smart and Connected Advanced Workforce. - The build of US Department of Twin Cities Projects - The improvement of the Market-seeking, Resource-seeking, Knowledge-seeking, Technology-seeking and Efficiency-seeking Strategy of Minority's corporates. - The shift away from the Growth stage of Democracy to the Maturity stage of Democracy that stimulates social and spatial cohesion and justice on the one hand and support the social diversity on the second hand.

The 21st century will be the Era of the AI-related Innovation and Economy. In fact, AI is simultaneously revolutionizing Warfare, Democracy, Productive and Social Structures. Furthermore, in its Capitalisation Effects, AI is helping Asia remain the Top Destination of Outsourcing not only for the Intangible-light Tasks but also for the Tangible-intensive Activities. Furthermore, despite the increase anti-globalization resentment, protectionism and high risk of Zero or Negative Sum Game in International Relations associated with the reconfiguration of the GVCs due to the COVID-19 pandemic, race to global leadership within US and China, the rise of the Fair-right Populism and its traditional destructive nature and Systemic Risks such as the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis and the war in Ukraine, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation will simultaneously help US develop Domestic, Regional and International Value Chains By so doing, instead of having only Asia as Top Destination of Outsourcing not only in Intangible-intensive and Intangible-light Tasks during the 21st century, the AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation will help US, Europe and Latin America become also ‘ New Global Low-cost and Outsourcing centers’. Furthermore, instead of having Japan as the only one Robot Power of the 20th and 21st century, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation will also help US and Europe also become Robot Powers of the 21st century while improving their ‘ Competitive Advantage in Cost-effective Personalized, Smart and Connected Products and Services and Industry 4.0 and 5.0 ’. Moreover, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation will help US have competitive advantage in Low-added, Middle-added and High-added value goods and services simultaneously for the ‘ High-income, Middle-income and Low-income Cities and Nations ’ of the world. In addition, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation could accelerate the move towards Sustainability. As a result, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation could stimulate a Positive sum game in International Relations on the one hand and help US win the current race to AI supremacy on the second hand. Doing so could strengthen US 21st century global leadership. However, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation could provide significant Destructive Effects. In fact, the ‘ Democratic and Institutional Crisis’ faced by US and the World since the beginning of the 21st century hss started to be amplified with the negative impact of AI on democracy. Accordingly, Heesen J. (2022) found that AI systems are seen primarily as a threat to democracy. At the center of this is the feared manipulation of the will of voters, for example by adaptive social bots, by individual voter influence and misuse of data, or by means of influencing elections by external intelligence services. Since then, studies found that it's worth noting that citizens must make informed political choices without manipulation or coercion demanding regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising. Furthermore, AI systems can be used to create Deepfakes that unfortunately can amplify the already existing ‘ Political Distrust’ and undermine demcoracy. In fact, not only the political distrust negatively affects democracy but also the use of negativity in electronic political advertisement raises " cynism " among voters and so discouraging voters to participate in politics which means demobilizing them in being involved in politics (Georgios I. Zekos , 2022). Moreover, Dan Morrisson (2023) found that AI could give governments unprecedented surveillance power over citizens.This can deeply affect mass protests. Empirically, Feldstein, S. (2019) provided evidence of the spread of facial recognition technology in 64 countries globally mainly in some repressive states. In addition, AI-driven Innovation and Robotics-driven Automation can amplify the already existing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health, Education, Jobs, Income, Wealth and Residential Goods and Services. As a result, in its Destructive Effects, AI-driven Innovation could put many nations at a greater risk of Political Distrust and amplify the already existing Destructive Polarized and Highly Emotive Politics. Furthermore, it could accelerate the decline in the ' Five Forms of Democracy mainly the Liberal and Elites Democracies on the one hand and the Destructive Effects of the e-democracy on the second hand. Moreover, it could open door to the the ' Pessimistic Approach of the impact of Political Anthropology on the International Relations that leads to Negative or Zero sum game in the International Affairs. In addition, AI-driven Innovation could kill the American Dream. Key Words: AI-related Innovation; Robotics-driven Automation; Warfare; Democracy; Capitalisation Effects; Intangible-light Tasks; Tangible-intensive Activities; Robot Power; Top Destination of Outsourcing; Supply chain Capitalism; Reconfiguration of the GVCs; Anti-globalization Resentment; Protectionism; Zero or Negative Sum Game; Destructive Polarized and Highly Emotive Politics; Political Distrust ; Political Anthropology ; Political Philosophy; International Relations; Five Forms of Democracy ; Elitism; Elites Democracy; E-Democracy ; American Dream; Domestic, Regional and International Value Chains.

Festival Luciano Berio 2024: venerdì 24-domenica 26 maggio 2024, Radicondoli (Siena). Con la partecipazione di Teodoro Anzellotti, Eliot Fisk, Francesco D'Orazio, Banda Rossini di Firenze et al.

Illus 1 Location map of the two cemeteries.