INCOME INEQUALITY OF BHATRA TRIBE. A CASE STUDY IN NABARANGPUR

IRJMSH Vol 14 Issue 11 [Year 2023] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) INCOME INEQUALITY OF BHATRA TRIBE. A CASE STUDY IN NABARANGPUR Binayak Bhatra, Ph.D Schoar, KISS Deeded to university, BBSR Dr. Parikshita Khatua, Assit, Prof School of Tribal Resource Management, BBSR Dr. Liji Panda, Assit, Prof School of Tribal Resource Management, BBSR Introduction Tribal population constitute 8.6% of the total population of India. Odisha is the third largest tribal population which constitutes 22.85% of tribal population. Nabarangpur is a district of Odisha of the Indian states. This district has 55.95% of tribal population and one of the most backward district of Odisha. Its literacy rate is 48% based on 2011 census which is the least one of Odisha. India’s MMR is 178 and IMR is 40 , Odisha’s 235 and 51, Nabarangpur’s 297 and 51. Which is far behind from National and state percentage. As we know agriculture is a seasonal crop, and purely depends on monsoon and there is no irrigation facility. We can clearly conclude that agriculture provides very less income as compare to non agricultural sectors. Which create more income inequality in this district? This district has 55.95% tribal population, out of which there are 48 tribes. Bhatra tribe has majority tribe among all the tribe in this district. Bhatra tribe is sub- division of great Gond tribe, mostly find in few districts of Odisha( Nabarangpur, Koraput, Malkangiri and Kalahandi) and Chhattisgarh. There are 10 blocks in Nabarangpur. All most all the blocks have Bhatra tribe except Raigarh and Chandahandi. In Odisha there are 4.51 lakh Bhatra tribe population out of which Nabarangpur has 3.25 lakh which clearly shows the gravity of Bhatra tribe in the district. Bhatra tribe does not have their own language but they speak Bhatri which is non literacy language, corrupt from Odiya which is known as a Desia. Culturally they are very rich live together and cooperate each other. Their main source of income is agriculture and few people do practice non agricultural activities. Those who practice agricultural activities their income is very less for varieties of reason and those who practice non agricultural activities their income is relatively high which creates income equality in the area. Entire district is a scheduled areas, Governor has all the special power to develop this area, in this way this area gets lots of benefits from both the state and centre. Review literature:  Meganathan N, Selvakumar KN, Prabu M, pandian A, Senthil Kumar G: Sources of income inequality and equality: A study in Tribal areas of Tamil Nadu. They fund that International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) www.irjmsh.com Page 411 IRJMSH           Vol 14 Issue 11 [Year 2023] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) the income inequality was very high in crop enterprises then followed by non farmer and livestock income. Meena MS, Singh M Krishna, Kumar Anjani , Kumar Abhay, Chahal V. Inequality and determinants of income among rural households in tribal dominating areas of Jharkhand. Their finding is call for sustained efforts to create rural nonfarm employment opportunities, promote adoption of modern agriculture among agricultural technologies and enhance education among rural households in the study area. Das Nimai. Incidence of forest income on reduction of inequality: Evidence from forest department households in milieu of joint forest management. The result come out from the study non involvement in JFM programme by the JFM households might bring about a major environmental shirking, because illegal timber income for non JFM households even after JFM scenario. Meena MS, Singh KM, Singh RKP, Kumar Anjani, Kumar Abhay. An exploratory research on income dynamics implications for sustainable livelihoods of tribal community in eastern India. Study show that the education, family size, non farming income and adoption of high yielding varieties were found main income determinants. Mandal Krishna Ram. Economic inequality among the Rural Tribal People in Arunchal Pradesh: An empirical study. Pandey Neelesh. Role of information and communication technology in agriculture development: A study of Nabarangpur district. They found that the ICT plays major role to development farmer in the district. Nayak Tejaswini, Singh Kumar Arjun, Hashim Mohammad, Singh Kumar Shani. To study the social-economical profile of SHG Members in Tentulikhunti block of Nabarangpur District(Odisha). Korkora Prakash Jugal, Nayak Kumar Jayanta. Nutritional status of tribal mothers and children (0-5 years) of Nabarangpur district, Orissa: An anthropological approach. They found from the study in this vulnerable district some factors are behind the tribal community which leads to highly epidemic malnutrition and morbidities among mothers and below five years children, there are called kwashiorkor. Das Sakti Soumya, Mohapatra Prasad Bibhuti. Study on socio- economic profile of maize growers in Nabarangpur district of Odisha. They finding is majority of the maize growers were middle- aged (46.7%) and (44.2%) had primary school education. Majhi Sagarika, Pattnayak KC, Rashmita Pattnayak. Projections of rainfall and surface temperature over Nabaranpur district using multiple CMIP5 models in RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Their finding is the rainfall and surface temperature are relatively more Monanty M, Das BC, Nanda SM, constraints faced by goat farmers of Nabarangpur district of Odisha. Their findings are goat farming is done by people of lower socialeconomic status who face difficulty in transporting their goats to distance marketing place for marketing. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) www.irjmsh.com Page 412 IRJMSH Vol 14 Issue 11 [Year 2023] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print)  Rani Rohini M, Kujur Roshni. Political participation and tribal development in Odiah: An empirical analysis of Nabarangpur district. Sort of changes that have occurred and the elements in affecting these progressions lastly the pace and heading of changes that have occurred among them.  Biswal Kumar Ranjeet. A study on operation of eNAM at Nabarangpur district. His finding we get to know different reasons about the problems, the main cause is the transportation cost and the pricing system  Mahalik Gyanranjan. Wild Native oil yielding plants and their utilization by the triabals of Nabarangpur district of Odisha, India. His finding is the oil seed cultivation practices along with the climate conditions prevailed in these particular area has its impact on yield of oil seeds. Good cultivation practices are needed to preserve and for getting maximum yield which can be used as alternatives for their livelihood.  Mohanty Dr. Economic impact of goat rearing on livelihood of goat farmers in Nabarabngpur district of Odisha. His finding the goats are reared mostly by middle aged group of people. Research Gap There are numbers of study on income inequality in case of different tribal community but on single study on income inequality of Bhatra tribe in Nabarangpur District of Odisha as per my literature reviews. Hence I opted this area. Objectives 1. To know the income inequality levels of Bhatra tribe in Nabarangpur District of Odisha. Research Methodology: This article is based on primary and secondary data. The secondary data collected from number of sources such as Nabarangpur Gazette, 2011 census, Oxfam report and so on. The primary data collected in the form of direct question asking, interview, field study were undertaken to collect the relevant data, discussion with village heads and various journals and books. The primary data has been collected for random sampling International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) www.irjmsh.com Page 413 IRJMSH Vol 14 Issue 11 [Year 2023] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Analysis and Findings Table:1. Annual income among the Bhatra Tribe Income AI CI Group A No.of persons CF Group B No.of persons CF 20000 20000 200 200 25 25 30000 40000 60000 80000 120000 160000 2 lac 50000 90000 1.5 lac 2.3 lac 3.5 lac 4.8 lac 6.8 lac 300 150 100 80 75 69 46 500 650 750 830 905 974 1020 45 51 62 75 90 110 125 70 121 183 258 348 458 583 4 lac 8 lac 8 lac 10 lac 10.8 lac 18.8 lac 26.8 lac 36.8 lac 37 9 7 6 1057 1066 1073 1079 140 150 200 300 723 873 1073 1373 AIY (Annual Income per year), CIY (Cumulative Income per year), CFY (Cumulative Frequency per year Table: 2. Cumulative income level of Bhatra Tribal % of cumulative Income h 0 0.543478261 1.358695652 2.445652174 4.076086957 6.25 9.510869565 13.04347826 18.47826087 29.34782609 51.08695652 72.82608696 100 % 0f cumulative frequency A 0 18.53568119 46.33920297 60.24096386 69.50880445 76.92307692 83.87395737 90.26876738 94.53197405 97.96107507 98.79518072 99.44392956 100 % Of cumulative Frequency B 0 1.820830299 5.098324836 8.812818645 13.32847779 18.79096868 25.34595776 33.35761107 42.46176256 52.65841224 63.58339403 78.15003642 100 International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) www.irjmsh.com Page 414 IRJMSH Vol 14 Issue 11 [Year 2023] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) 120 100 80 Equality+Sheet1!$A$2 60 Group A Group B 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 From the above diagram we show that the Group A’s income inequality is more than the B group because of the A group (tribal people) is less income than that of B. Therefore, income inequality is huge between tribal people and non tribal people. Which is a major concerned when we speak about the tribal development Table: 3. Comparison between levels of Bhatra Tribe Per of population Poor 1% 10% 50% 100% 0.2% 2% 10% 12% Rich 70% 85% 86% 88% International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) www.irjmsh.com Page 415 IRJMSH Vol 14 Issue 11 [Year 2023] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% Poor 50.00% Rich 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 1% 10% 50% 100% Data collected from field study Findings From the above table we understood that income distribution amongst Bhatra is more unequal. The 1 % of richest people has 70 % total income where as 1% of bottom poorest people are 0.2% and the 50% richest people is 86% whereas 50% bottom is 10%. Which is far more than OXFAM Report publishing every year depicting income inequality across the India? We can conclude that those people are far more underdeveloped in case of levels of Bhatra tribe and are more prone to high income inequality. Hence, minimize the income inequality both state and centre Governments to undertake necessary major to reduce down the income inequality for same job of levels of Bhatra tribe. Conclusion From the above study we have examined in detail income inequality on Bhatra Tribe. Most of the tribes in India and countries pass through 3 stages, viz, stage one where income inequality is low, 2nd stage (progressing) where income inequality is high and 3rd stage income inequality is lowest. The Bhatra tribe is passing through second stage. We cannot expect utopian society rather should minimize the income inequalities as observed. That should be any Governments strategy for present. Huge income inequality is not good for any economy and it would create lots of socioeconomic, political negative implications. So as to minimize such implication, Government needs to act as an active player. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) www.irjmsh.com Page 416