Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Rafi et al.
Faunistics of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from
Pakistan
Muhammad Ather Rafi1a, Wiesner Jürgen2b, Muhammad Abdul Matin1c, Ahmed Zia1d*, Amir
Sultan1e, Falak Naz1f
1
National Insect Museum, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad-Pakistan,
Dresdener Ring 11, D-38444 Wolfsburg, Germany
2
Abstract
The present biogeographic distribution of tiger beetle fauna is an attempt to register all modern
taxa from Pakistan. It includes 55 taxa under 14 genera and 11 subgenera. Three species,
Cylindera (Eriodera) albopunctata (Chaudoir1852), Cicindela viridilabris (Chaudoir 1852) and
Neocollyris (Neocollyris) redtenbacheri (Horn 1894) are recorded from Pakistan for the first
time.!
Key Words: distribution, biogeography, Cylindera (Eriodera) albopunctata, Cicindela viridilabris, Neocollyris (Neocollyris)
redtenbacheri
Correspondence: a a_rafiam@yahoo.com, b juergen.wiesner@wolfsburg.de, c mamatin@gmail.com,
d* saiyedahmed@yahoo.com, e amirsultan_2000@yahoo.com, f falak05@yahoo.com, *Corresponding author
Received: 22 August 2009, Accepted: 22 December 2009
Copyright : This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits
unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed.
ISSN: 1536-2442 | Vol. 10, Number 116
Cite this paper as:
Rafi MA, Jürgen W, Matin MA, Zia A, Sultan A, Naz F. 2010.!
Faunistics of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from
Pakistan. Journal of Insect Science 10:116 available online: insectscience.org/10.116!
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
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Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Introduction
!
Biogeographically, the major part of Pakistan
is Palaearctic (Hindu Kush, Karakorum,
western Himalaya, Sulaiman Range, North
Pakistan sandy desert and western Indus
Valley) while the rest of the area is Oriental
(Indus River Delta, eastern Indus Valley
desert, Thar desert, Rann of Kutch in
southern Punjab and eastern Himalaya) and
traces of Afrotropical (Ethiopian region)
from southern Iran to extreme southwestern
of Baluchistan. The Hindu Kush, Karakorum,
and Himalaya are a major biogeographic
boundary between the subtropical and
tropical flora and fauna of the Indian
subcontinent and the temperate-climate
Palaearctic ecozone. It is interesting to point
out that the insect fauna, especially tiger
beetles, completely confirm the transitional
position of Pakistan between Palearctic and
Oriental regions.
Tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) have been an
appropriate indicator taxon for determining
regional patterns of biodiversity (Pearson and
Cassola 1992; Cassola and Pearson 2000),
because the taxonomy of this group is
stabilized, biology and general life history are
well understood, they are readily observed
and manipulated in the field and the family
occurs world wide inhabiting many different
habitat types. Each species tends to be
specialized within a narrow habitat and the
family includes species of potential economic
importance (Pearson and Cassola 1992). In
addition, diversity patterns of tiger beetles are
often correlated with that of other groups
(Pearson and Cassola 1992; Rodriguez et al.
1998) and there is much interest in these
natural predators to control certain crop pests
(Rodriguez et al. 1998).
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
Tiger beetles have worldwide distribution
(except Tasmania, Antarctica and some
remote oceanic Islands) that cover a variety
of habitats ranging from alpine meadows to
desert grasslands and tropical rain forests
(Pearson 1988; Rodriguez et al. 1998). The
total number of species presently known is
over 2700 (Cassola Rome-Italy). Most of the
species require habitats with access to bare
ground, such as stream and pond edges, salt
flats, dunes and open patches in grasslands
(Pearson 1988; Hoback et al. 1998). Each
species rarely occurs in more than one or a
very few habitat types (Pearson 1984;
Rodriguez et al. 1998).
In the Indian subcontinent literature on tiger
beetles started with listing of species by
Schaum 1863; Atkinson 1889 and Horn
1905a; l905b. Annandale and Horn (1909)
provided an annotated listing of the species
found in the Indian Museum, Calcutta,
accompanied by data on geographic
distribution and habitats. Fowler (1912)
compiled the first comprehensive list of all
the genera of tiger beetles on the Indian
subcontinent. Horn (1915) treated all the
genera comprehensively on worldwide
perspective. Dover and Ribeiro (1921, 1923);
Horn (1926) and Heynes-Wood and Dover
(1928) brought together much information on
the synonymy, type depository, and
geographic distribution of the species and
subspecies. Horn (1938) provided a means of
identifying species and subspecies using
illustrations of elytral patterns and Rivalier
(1950, 1958, 1961, 1971) developed a
classification mainly using male genitalic
characters. Mandl (1963) presented the
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Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
results of expeditions of the Indus River in
Kashmir and India.
Rafi et al.
already identified species.
List of species
Pearson and Ghorpade (1989) presented
biogeographical information for tiger beetles
of the Indian subcontinent. A comprehensive
review on Cicindela (sensu auctorum) of the
entire Indian subcontinent was provided by
Acciavatti and Pearson (1989).
There have been very few publications on the
Pakistan tiger beetles. Horn (1897), Fleutiaux
(1899) and Maindron (1899) presented early
collection records from Karachi. Fowler
(1912), Chaudhry et al. (1966, 1970)
provided survey results from the vicinities of
Quetta, Kohat, Hazara and Swat. Cassola
(1976) presented the results of collecting at
Karachi and Lahore. Korell (1984) presented
the biogeography data and notes on the
morphology of some species collected from
western and northern Pakistan. Recently
Cassola and Wiesner (2009) reported a new
species to science from Baluchistan. The
present biogeographic distribution of tiger
beetle fauna is first attempt to register all
modern taxa of tiger beetles from Pakistan.
Family: Cicindelidae Latreille 1802
Genus Callytron Gistl 1848
Callytron gyllenhalii (Dejean 1825)
Remarks: Known from costal Pakistan: Sind:
Karachi: Sandspit, 15 miles west Karachi
(Cassola 1976; Acciavatti and Pearson 1989);
According to Weisner (unpublished data) this
species is also reported from India
(Maharashtra).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Callytron malabaricum (Fleutiaux and
Maindron 1903)
Remarks: Earlier this species was reported by
Fleutiaux and Maindron (1903); Maindron
and Fleutiaux (1905); Horn (1926) from
India: Bombay (Malabar). Cassola (1976)
from Pakistan: Baluchistan: Hab; 40 km
West to Karachi. Acciavatti and Pearson
(1989) from Sind and western coast of India:
Maharashtra and Kerala.
Materials and Methods
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
The data were gathered through tiger beetle
specimens housed at the National Insect
Museum (NIM), National Agricultural
Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and
specimens collected during northern area
expedition in June of 2007. Furthermore,
specimens that were housed at Pakistan
Forest Institute (PFI, Peshawar) and Pakistan
Natural
History
Museum
(PMNH,
Islamabad) were also examined. Many of the
above mentioned museums collection
specimens were sent to Fabio Cassola for
identification and/or reconfirmation of
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Callytron monalisa (Horn 1927)
Remarks: Described from Iran (Horn 1927)
but recently recorded from Pakistan as well
(Shook and Wiesner 2006).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palearctic.
Genus Calochroa Hope 1838
Calochroa sexpunctata (Fabricius 1775)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind:Karachi,
23. x. 2007, 1 , leg. M. Atique Akhter. (det.
3
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Rafi et al.
and located with Wiesner).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Remarks: Earlier reported by Fowler (1912)
from India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and China.
Chaudhry (1966) reported from Bangladesh
(Former East Pakistan). Chaudhry et al.
(1970) collected it from Pakistan: NWFP:
Hazara (Batgram) and Northern Areas:
Gilgit. It is known from Indo-Malaysian
region, Sri Lanka, India (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989), Thailand (Iacovone 2003),
Vietnam (Dudko and Dubatolov 2000-2001).
This species is also found in Sri Lanka, India
(Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa,
Western Bengal, Andaman Is, Nicobar Is),
Central Nepal, Afghanistan, Pakistan and
Philippines (Weisner, unpublished data).
Calochroa flavomaculata (Hope 1831)
Remarks: Recorded from Pakistan by Cassola
(2010). Generally occurring throughout the
Indian subcontinent eastward into Southeast
Asia and the Philippines (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989; Wiesner 1992). Recently
reported from China: Yunnan Provinc (Wu
and Shook 2007). According to Weisner
(unpublished data) it is known from Pakistan,
Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Andaman Is, Sri
Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hong
Kong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Taiwan,
Philippines.
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Bio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.
Genus Calomera Motschulsky 1862
Calochroa bicolor atavus (Horn 1920)
Remarks: Known from northwestern India
(Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab)
and Pakistan (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental subspecies.
Calochroa bicolor haemorrhoidalis
(Wiedemann 1823)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Rawalpindi, 1-2. viii. 1984, 1 , leg. Richter.
(det. and located with Wiesner); NWFP:
Bajor: Mohmand Agency, 20. v. 2008, leg.
M. Iqbal (det. Wiesner 2009) ex NIM.
Remarks: Earlier this subspecies was
reported from Sri Lanka: Hambantota
District, east central India: Madhya Pradesh,
Orissa, Bihar, Rajasthan to southern India:
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and
Pakistan: Punjab (Acciavatti and Pearson
1989; Werner and Wiesner 2008).
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Calomera angulata (Fabricius 1798)
Remarks: Generally occurring throughout the
Indian subcontinent eastward into Southeast
Asia (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989). Known
from India: Himachal Pradesh (Uniyal and
Sivakumar 2007). Recently reported from
China (Wu and Shook 2007). According to
Weisner (unpublished data) it is known from
Afghanistan, Pakistan (Margalla Hills),
Nepal, Sikkim, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Malaysia (Malacca), Indonesia (Sumatra,
Sumbawa, Borneo), Philippines (Luzon),
Taiwan, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,
Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei,
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan,
Yunnan, Zheijang).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Calomera aulica (Dejean 1831)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi,
4
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Rafi et al.
date unknown, T.R. Bell, 1 , ex NIM;
Sakrand, 25. iii. 2006, 1 , leg. Falak Naz, ex
NIM (det. F. Cassola, 2010); Karachi: Hawks
Bay, 20. iii. 2007, 3 , 2 , leg. M.
Ashraf, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Sandspit,
21. iii. 2007, 1 , 2 , leg. Asad Ali, ex
NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Umer Kot, 14. iii.
2007, 2 , leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM
(det. Cassola, 2010).
Remarks: Reported by Maindron (1899) from
Karachi: Kimarri. Cassola (1976) from
Karachi: Sandspit; 20 km West to Karachi).
Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) this species is
widely distributed across northern Africa and
the Middle East and entering Indian
subcontinent along the southern Pakistan
coast (Baluchistan and Sind. According to
Weisner (unpublished data) this species
found from Greece (S. Pelopones), Morocco,
Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan,
Djibouti, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria,
Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, United Arab
Emirates, Oman, Iraq, Somalia, Iran,
Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sind, Karachi),
Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau (Cacheu,
Oio), Guinea, Chad, Cape Verde, Angola,
Kenya (North Eastern).
Bio-ecological Zone:
Afrotropical species.
Palaearctic
and
Calomera chloris (Hope 1831)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Northern
Areas: (Gilgit airport) 07. x. 1959, leg.
Unknown, ex NIM; Juglot, 15. iv. 2008, 1 ,
leg. Anjum Shehzad (det. and located with
Cassola 2010); Juglot, 19. vi. 2009, 5 , 3
, leg. Falak Naz, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009)
Punjab: Murree (Angoory), 13. vi. 2006, 1 ,
leg. Mishkatullah, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
Multan: Chitter Watta, 01.v. 1954, 4 , 4
, leg. Student, ex NIM (det. and 1 with
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Cassola 2010); Chitter Watta, 1. v. 1954,1 ,
leg. Sultan, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
Talagang (Pir Nara), 16. vi. 09, 1 , 3 ,
leg. A. Zia, ex NIM; NWFP: Swat (Karakar),
18. iv. 1964, 8 , 4 , leg. M. Ismail, ex
PFI; Dir: Temergraha, 15. vii. 06, 1 , leg.
Amir Sultan, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
Charsada (Ser Deryab), 25. x. 2007, leg.
Fida, ex PMNH (det. Rafi 2009); Peshawer:
Warsak, 26. x. 2007, 9 , 7 , leg. Fida,
ex PNHM (det. Rafi 2009); Bisham, 15-21.
vi. 2008, 1 , 2 , leg. Anjum Shazad, ex
NIM (det. 1 Cassola 2010); Sind: Bamboor
(sea belt), 8. ix. 2008, 1 , 1 , leg. Akhter
(det. and located with Wiesner).
Remarks: Fowler (1912) reported this species
from Kashmir, Northern Areas (Gilgit),
Nepal and India; Chaudhry et al. (1966) from
NWFP: Kohat; Toybanda near Kohat.
Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) found across
northern India (Anunachal Pradesh, Assam,
West Bengal, Sikim, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,
Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Indian
Jammu and Kashimr) Bhutan, Nepal and
Pakistan (Northwest Frontier, Punjab). From
India: Himachal Pardesh (Uniyal and
Sivakumar 2007). According to Weisner
(unpublished data) it is known from
Afghanistan (Nengrahar), Pakistan (NWFP,
Punjab), Nepal, Bhutan, India (Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Western Bengal, Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu, Kashmir), Sikkim, Laos,
?Myanmar.
Bio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.
Calomera diania Tschitscherine 1903
Remarks: Known from Iran (Abusher,
Dalaki,
Borazjan),
Iraq,
Pakistan
{Baluchistan (Turbat) and N.W.F.P}, Oman,
Kuwait (Weisner, unpublished data).
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Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Rafi et al.
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Calomera fischeri elongatosignata (Horn
1922)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Baluchistan:
Panjgur, 23. iii. 1962, 1 , leg. S. M. Sher;
ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010).
Remarks: Reported from West Afghanistan
(Mandl 1961), Persian Baluchistan (Mandl
1972), Pakistan: Baluchistan: Quetta: Hanna
(Korell
1984),
Turkmenistan
and
Kyrghyzstan (Dudko and Dubatolov 20002001). According to Weisner (unpublished
data) this species occurs in Iraq, Iran,
Pakistan (Baluchistan), Afghanistan (Herat,
Maimana,
Nengrahar),
Kyrgyzstan,
Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Oman, and United Arab
Emirates.
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Calomera funerea assimilis (Hope 1831)
Remarks: Reported from India (Pearson and
Ghorpade 1989). According to Weisner
(unpublished data) this subspecies also
known from Pakistan, Nepal, India
(Himachal Pradesh, western Bengal, Assam,
Arunachal
Pradesh,
Uttar
Pradesh,
Meghalaya), Sikkim, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, China (Hainan,
Sichuan, Yunnan).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Calomera littoralis afghana (Mandl 1955)
Remarks: Earlier Mandl (1955; 1981)
reported this subspecies from Afghanistan:
Kabul, Korell (1984) from Pakistan:
Baluchistan: Quetta (Hanna).
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Calomera littoralis conjunctaepustulata
(Dokhtouroff 1887)
Remarks: Mandl (1981b; 1982b) reported
this subspecies from India (Bombay).
Reported from central portion of Palaearctic
region including Pakistan: Baluchistan and
Sind (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989), Karachi
(Putchkov and Matalin 2003). Also known
from Russia: west Siberia, Novosibirsk
district, Ukraine Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan,
Kazakhstan, Europe (Dudko and Dubatolov
2000-2001; Putchkov and Matalin 2003).
According to Weisner (unpublished data) this
subspecies found in Iran (Baluchistan,
Khuzistan, Nirisee), Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Ukraine, Russia (S + C European Territory,
west Siberia), Afghanistan (Herat, Kuschka),
Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sind),
India (Bombay, Dernah), NO Tibet,
Tadzhikistan,
Uzbekistan,
Kazakhstan,
Mongolia (Chovd aimak, Uvs aimak), China
(Xinjiang, Xizang).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Calomera plumigera macrograptina
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989)
Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Punjab
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989). Also known
from northern India: Punjab, Uttar Pradesh,
Haryana, Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam;
Nepal and Bangladesh (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus Chaetodera Jeannel 1946
Chaetodera albina (Wiedemann 1819)
Remarks: Reported from Pakistan: Punjab;
6
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
northern India: Punjab, Bihar, West Bengal,
Orissa, Haryana, Utar Pradesh and
Bangladesh: Rajshahi (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989) and also known from Nepal.
(Weisner, unpublished data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Chaetodera vigintiguttata (Herbst 1806)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP:
Peshawar, 5. ix. 1963. leg. Ayub. ex PFI (det.
Zia 2009).
Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Lahore:
near River Ravi (Cassola 1976), India (Pajni
and Bedi 1973, 1974; Uniyal and Sivakumar
2007). According to Weisner (unpublished
data) it is known from Pakistan (Punjab,
Lahore), India (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh,
Haryana, Bihar, western Bengal, Assam,
Sikkim, Orissa), Nepal (Bheri), Bhutan,
Bangladesh (Dacca).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus Cicindela Linneaus 1758
Subgenus Cicindela s. str.
Cicindela (Cicindela) granulata stoliczkana
Bates 1878
Remarks: Earlier reported by Heynes-Wood
and Dover (1928) from India, Jammu and
Kashmir, Jehlum Valley . Reported
distribution by Acciavatti and Pearson (1989)
from extreme northwest mountainous part of
the Indian subcontinent in Pakistan (Punjab,
NWFP). Known from China and Soviet
central
Asian
republics:
Tadjkistan;
Kyrghyzstan;
Kzakhstan;
Uzbekistan
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989; Dudko and
Dubatolov 2000-2001).
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Rafi et al.
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Genus Cosmodela Rivalier 1961
Cosmodela intermedia (Chaucoir 1852)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Rawalpindi, 6. viii. 1982, 1 , 4 , leg.
Richter, (det. and located with Wiesner
2009); Rawalpindi, 1-2. viii. 1984, 1 , leg.
Richter (det. and located with Wiesner);
Islamabad, 6. vi. 2005, 1 , 1 , leg. Khalid,
ex PMNH (det. Rafi 2009); Islamabad: 15.
viii. 2006, 1 , 1 , leg. Khurrum, ex NIM
(det. Rafi 2009); Islamabad: Margalla Hills,
25. vii. 2007, 1 , leg. Amir Sultan, ex NIM
(det. Rafi 2009); Islamabad: Simly Dam, 29.
viii. 2008, 1 , leg. A. Zia, ex NIM (det. Rafi
2009); Nowshera: Sodi village, 17. vi. 2009,
5 , leg. A. Zia, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
NWFP: Bala Kot, 1. viii. 1963, 1 , leg. S.
M. Khan, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Swat:
Khawza-Khela, 21. viii. 1963, 1 , leg. S. M.
Khan; Hazara: Bhara ziarat: Doonga Gali, ex
PFI (det. Rafi 2009); 26. vii. 1964, 4 , 3
, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI; Kohistan:
Kaghan: Balakat, 29. vi. 1977, 1 , leg. de
Freina, (det. and located with Wiesner);
Abbottabad: Harno, 08. viii. 2008, 2 , 1
, leg. M. Ather, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
Abbottabad: Harno, 28. vii. 2008, 4 , 2
, leg. Amjad Bukhari, ex NIM (det. and 1
with Cassola 2010); Dadar, 14. vii. 2007, 1
, leg. Zubair, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
Sind: Karachi: Sandspit, 9. viii. 1984, 1 ,
leg. Richter (det. and located with Wiesner);
Kashmir: Muzaffarabad: Guldana, 05. ix.
2007, 1 , leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM (det.
and
located
with
Cassola
2010);
Muzaffarabad: Shahdara, 08. viii. 2007, 2
, 4 , leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM (1
det. and located with Cassola 2010); 1 , 4
, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).
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Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Remarks: Known from Afghanistan through
Pakistan (NWFP, Punjab) and northern India
(Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Uttar Predesh)
and Nepal. (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Also reported from India: Himachal Pardesh
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989; Bhargav et al.
2006; Uniyal and Sivakumar 2007). Also
occurred in W + NC Nepal (Weisner,
unpublished data).
Rafi et al.
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Subgenus Eriodera Rivalier 1961
Cylindera
(Eriodera)
albopunctata
(Chaudoir 1852)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Takht
Bai, 7-9. vii. 1998, 1 , 1 , leg. G. Csorba
and L. Ronkay (det. and located with
Wiesner).
Bio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.
Genus Cylindera Westwood 1831
Subgenus Cylindera s.str.
Cylindera (Cylindera) obliquefasciata
descendens (Fischer 1825)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP:
Chitral: Madaglasht, 24-27. vi. 1983, 1 ,
leg. Eckweiler (det. and locataed with
Wiesner); Chitral: Madaglasht, 5-7. vii. 1982,
1 , 1 , leg. Erber and Heinz (det. and
located with Wiesner); Northern Areas:
Chilas, 11. vii. 1998, 1 , 1 , leg. E. G.
Csorba and L. Ronkay (det. and located with
Wiesner); Gilgit: Pander Lake, 11. vi. 2008, 1
, 1 , leg. Anjum Shehzad ex NIM (1
located with Cassola, det. Rafi 2009); Gopis:
Khalti Lake, 11. vi. 2008, 1 , 1 , leg.
Anjum Shazad, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009);
Skardu, 16. vi. 2008, 1 , leg. Anjum
Shazad, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).
Remarks: Recorded recently from Pakistan
by Cassola (2010). According to Weisner
(unpublished data) it is also known from
Tadzhikistan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Uzbekistan,
Kazakhstan,
Russia
(west.
Siberia),
Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Iran,
Pakistan, India (Kashmir), China (Qinghai,
Xinjiang, Zhejiang).
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Remarks: New to Pakistan. Known form
Northern India: Punjab, Uttar Pradesh,
Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim,
Assam; Nepal and Bhutan (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989). Recently reported from
China: Yunnan Province (Wu and Shook
2007).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Subgenus Eugrapha Rivalier 1950
Cylindera (Eugrapha) agnata (Fleutiaux
1890)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Baluchistan:
Kuchh, 24. vi. 1964, leg. S. M. Khan, ex PFI;
Mastang, 4. vii. 1964, leg. S. M. Khan, ex
PFI.
Remarks: Earlier reported from India:
Bengal, Sikkam and Madras (Fowler 1912),
Baluchistan: Quetta: Kuchh (Chaudhry et. al.
1966). Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) from
India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andra
Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Haryana and
Punjab) into Pakistan (Baluchistan) and
northern Myanmar (Burma).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Cylindera
1834)
(Eugrapha)
bigemina
(Klug
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Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi:
Malir, 20. vii. 1957, 2 , 2 , leg. Sultan
ex NIM; Punjab: Rawalpindi (Khanna), 23.
vii. 1963, 1 , leg. Unknown, ex CABI,
Rawalpindi; NWFP: Abbottabad, 22-27. vii.
1984, 1 , 3 leg. Richter (det. and
located with Wiesner); Harno (Abbottabad),
01-vii-2009, 1 , leg. Zia, ex NIM, (det. Zia
2009).
Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Punjab:
Rawalpindi: Sohan river (Dover and Ribeiro
1921), Afghanistan and Nepal (Mandl 1967b,
1972a), Sind: Keenjhar lake: 120 Km East of
Karachi (Cassola 1976), Pakistan (NWFP)
and India (Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab,
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, west
Bengal, Karnataka) and Nepal (Acciavatti
and Pearson 1989), India: Himachal Pardesh;
Uniyal and Sivakumar 2007).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Cylindera (Eugrapha) brevis (Horn 1905)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi:
Malir, 20. vii. 1957, 1, leg. Sultan (det.
Cassola 2010); Hyderabad, Miani forest, 21.
viii. 1959, 1 , S. M. Din, ex NIM (det. by
Cassola 2010); Punjab: Rawalpindi, 6. viii.
1982, 2 , leg. Richter (det. and located
with Wiesner); 1-2. viii. 1984; Rawalpindi, 2
, 2 , leg. Richter (det. Wiesner); Pir
Nara (Talagung), 15-vii-2009, 1 1, leg.
Zia, ex NIM, (det. Zia 2009).
Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Sind and
Punjab and northern India: Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttar Pardesh, Haryana and Bihar
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989), also known
from Afghanistan (Weisner, unpublished
data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
Cylindera
(Eugrapha)
cognata
(Wiedemann 1823)
Remarks: Previously reported from India:
Punjab: Chandigarh (Pajni and Bedi 1973),
Pakistan: Lahore: River Ravi. (Cassola
1976), India (Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, West
Bengal, Orissa), Nepal and Bangladesh
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Cylindera (Eugrapha) grammophora
(Chaudoir 1852)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Attock: 04. vi. 2009, 1, leg. Ramzan, ex
NIM (det. Zia 2009).
Remarks: Reported from India: Bangal,
Punjab and Dehra Dun (Horn 1926),
Chandigarh (Pajni and Bedi 1973), Himachal
Pardesh (Uniyal and Sivakumar 2007), also
known from Pakistan: Lahore: River Ravi
(Cassola 1976), northern Pakistan, northern
India, Nepal and Bangladesh. (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata (Solsky,
1874)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Northern
Areas: Gilgit, 31. vii. 1987 (det. and located
with Wiesner); Goopi: Khalti Lake, 11. vi.
2008, 1 , leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM (det.
Cassola 2010); Singal (Ghizer), 18-vi-2009, 1
, leg. Naz, ex NIM (det. Zia 2009).
Remarks: Earlier reported by Mandl (1961)
from Pakistan. Known throughout the
9
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
southern republics of the Soviet Union
(Turkmenstan, Uzbekistan, Tadjishikistan,
Kirghisatan), and Adjoining portion of Iran,
Afghanistan, China, northern Pakistan and
India Jammu and Kashmir (Acciavatti and
Pearson 1989), Known from Kazakhistan,
Tadjihikistan, Turkmenistan (Dudko and
Dubatolov 2000-2001; Franzen and Gebert
2004).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata balucha
(Bates 1878)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Baluchistan:
Quetta: Hanna, 25-27. v. 1983, 1 , leg.
Eckweile (det. and located with Wiesner).
Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Baluchistan
and Skardu (Korell 1984), adjoining parts of
Iran and Afghanistan (Acciavatti and Pearson
1989).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Cylindera (Eugrapha) venosa (Kollar 1836)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Ghambeer Bridge (Talagung), 15. vii. 2009,
1 1 , leg. Zia, ex NIM (det. Zia 2009).
Remarks: Known from Kashmir and Sind:
Karachi (Dover and Ribeiro 1923; Horn
1926). Punjab: Pakistan: Rawalpindi: River
Sohan (Mandl 1963), Lahore: Ravi River
(Cassola 1976), except peninsular India, Sri
Lanka and Nepal it occurs throughout Indian
subcontinent eastward into Southeast Asia
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989), Myanmar
(Wiesner 2006), India: Himachal Pradesh
(Uniyal and Sivakumar 2007). During
present study specimen was also examined
from Bangladash: Dhanjuri Dinajpur: Dist.
Mapelli, 1963, 1. east NIM (det. Cassola
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
2010) also known from Pakistan (Lahore),
India (west Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana,
Punjab,
Assam,
Arunachal
Pradesh,
Meghalaya, Gujarat), Sikkim, Bangladesh,
Thailand, Cambodia (Weisner, unpublished
data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Cylindera (Eugrapha) mesoepisternalis
(Horn 1934)
Remarks: This species was described from
Skardu (Horn 1934).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic
Subgenus Ifasina Jeannel 1946
Cylindera (Ifasina) decempunctata (Dejean
1825)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Khewra, 01. viii. 2006, 1 , leg. Fida, ex
PMNH (det. Cassola 2010); Islamabad:
NARC, 16. vii. 2007, 1 , leg. A. Zia, (det.
and located with Cassola 2010). Northern
Areas: Gilgit: Naltar, 6. vii. 2008, 1 , leg.
A. Akhter (det. and located with Wiesner).
NWFP: Mansehra, 14. viii. 1963, M. Ismail,
1 , ex PFI, Peshawer; Mansehra, 22. vii.
1964, G. U. Chaudhry, 1 , ex PFI, Peshawer
(det. by Cassola 2010); Hazara: 20. iv. 1967.
leg. Nasrullah, ex PFI, Peshawer.
Remarks: Reported from Bengal, Burma
(Myanmar), Tonkin and Combodia (Fowler
1912). Pakistan. NWFP: Hazara: Mansehra
(Chaudhry et al. 1970), Pakistan: Punjab and
northern India: Uttar Pardesh, Punjab,
Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam; Nepal
and Bangladesh: Dacca; east ward into
Barma (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989), also
10
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
known from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Vietnam, Cambodia (Weisner, unpublished
data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Cylindera (Ifasina) subtilesignata (Mandl
1970)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP:
Donga galli, 22. viii. 1964, leg. M. Ismail, 1
, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010); Abbottabad:
Harno, 01. vii. 2009, leg. Ashraf, 1 , ex
NIM. (det. Wiesner 2009).
Remarks: Recorded recently from Pakistan
by Cassola (2010). Previously known from
Nepal and northern India (Punjab, Uttar
Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal)
and Burma. Acciavatti and Pearson 1989),
also known from India (Meghalaya,
Sikkim), Myanmar, Malaysia (Malacca)
(Weisner, unpublished data).
Rafi et al.
Grammognatha euphratica (Dejean 1822)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Kashmir:
Muzaffarabad, 22. ix. 1959, 1 , leg. Ghori,
ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010); Sind: Karachi,
01. vi. 2006, 1 , leg. Zubair; Mithi: Thar
Desert, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010); 20. ix.
2008, 1 , leg. Akhter (det. Wiesner);
Mirpurkhas, 9. vi. 2008, 3 , 1 , leg.
Akhter (det. Wiesner).
Remarks: Known from Turkey, Syria, Saudi
Arabia (Franzen 2001). According to Wiesner
(unpublished report) this species occurred in
Spain (Almeria, Murcia, Alicante), Morocco
(Moulouya, Melilla, Outatel Haj, Foum
Zguid, Mhamid), Algeria, Tunisia, Libya,
Senegal, Greece (Rhodes, Crete), Cyprus,
Turkey, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates, Oman, Djibouti, Iran,
Pakistan (Karachi).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus: Hypaetha Leconte 1860
Cicindela viridilabris (Chaudoir 1852)
Material
Examined:
Pakistan:
NWFP:Parachinar,
18.vii.1964,
leg.
Cheema.
ex
PFI; Azad
Kashmir:
Muzafarabad, 10.vii.09, 1 , leg. Amjad, ex
NIM (det. Rafi 2009).
Remarks: Known from northern India
(Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar)
and Nepal (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Also recorded by Chaudhary et al. (1966)
from Bangladesh (Former East Pakistan).
Hypaetha copulata (Schmidt-Goebel 1846)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi
(Sandspit, 20 km West to Karachi), 8-10. viii.
1982, 4 , 5 , leg., Richter (det. and
located with Wiesner); Karachi: Sandspit, 9.
viii. 1984, 2 , 2 , leg. Richter (det. and
located with Wiesner).
Bio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.
Remarks: Known from Karachi (Maindron
1899) and Arab Emirates (Wiesner 1996;
Hellyer and Aspinalls 2005), According to
Weisner (unpublished data) it is also known
from Iran (Bushire), Pakistan (Sind,
Karachi), Saudi Arabia, Oman.
Genus Grammognatha Motschulsky 1850
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
11
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Hypaetha ornatipennis (Schilder 1953)
Remarks: Known from coastal Pakistan: Sind
and Iran (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Hypaetha quadrilineata (Fabricius 1781)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi:
Sandspit, 9. viii. 1984, 1 , leg. Richter (det.
and located with Wiesner).
Remarks: Earlier, Fowler (1912) reported it
from sandy area of Manorah near Karachi,
Cassola (1976) reported this species from
Sind: Karachi: Sandspit. Naviaux (1983)
reported it from Iran (Naviaux 1987) from
the Malacca peninsula. Acciavatti and
Pearson (1989) reported this species from the
entire coast of the Indian subcontinent and
the coast of Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Barma)
and Malay Peninsula, and considered
millingeni Bates, 1878 to be merely an
individual variation. Also known from
Thailand (Wiesner 1992).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus Lophyra Motschulsky 1859
Subgenus Lophyra Motschulsky 1859
Lophyra (Lophyra) cancellata intemperata
(Acciavatti and Pearson 1989)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi:
Malir, 7. v. 1951, 1 , leg. Nawaz, ex NIM
(det. Cassola 2010); Malir, 30. iii. 1959, 1 ,
leg. Yasin, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Karachi: Malir, 30. viii. 1964, 1 , leg. Latif,
ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Karachi: Malir, 25.
vii. 1964, 1 , leg. Latif ex NIM (det. Rafi
2009); Islam Kot, 27. iii. 2008, 2 , leg.
Ishaq Mastoi, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Punjab: Kundian, 10. v. 1960, 1 , leg.
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
Unknown, ex PFI (det. Cassola 2010).
Remarks: According to Acciavatti and
Pearson (1989) this subspecies occurs from
Pakistan (Sind and Punjab) across northern
India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,
Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa,
Uttar Pradesh, Sikkam, West Bengal) and
Thailand. Also known from India (Arunachal
Pradesh, Meghalaya) and Nepal (Weisner,
unpublished data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Lophyra (Lophyra) catena (Fabricius 1775)
Remarks: Acciavatti and Pearson (1989)
reported from Pakistan (Sind), India
(Rajasthan, Punjab) generally through
southern and eastern India and Sri Lanka,
Wiesner (2006) from Myanmar.
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Lophyra (Lophyra) histrio (Tschitschérine
1903)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Lyallpur (Faisalabad), 2. viii. 1948, 1 , leg.
Student, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010); Sind:
Usta Mohd, 16. iii. 1950, 1 , leg. Osmani,
ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010); Malir, 7. v.
1951, 2 , leg. Nawaz, ex NIM (det.
Cassola 2010); Upper Sind: Jamrau head, 14.
ix. 1953, 2 , leg. S. M. Din, ex NIM (det.
Cassola 2010); Karachi: Malir, 17. ix. 1958, 1
, leg. Aziz, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Karachi: Malir, 7. x. 1958, 1 , 1 , leg. M.
Yasin, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010), Karachi:
Malir, 19. x. 1959, 1 Aziz, ex NIM (det.
Cassola 2010); Karachi, 25. vii. 1964, 1 ,
leg. Latif, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Karachi, 30. viii. 1964, 1 , leg. Latif, ex
NIM (det. Cassola 2010); Karachi: Malir:
Goth Memon, 20. viii. 1964, 1 , leg Latif,
12
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010).
Remarks: Known from Iran and Afghanistan
(Mandl 1961 and 1967a), Pakistan: Karachi.
(Horn 1903) and Cassola (1976) from Sind:
Thatta (120 km East of Karachi). Naviaux
(1983) reported this species from Iran.
Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) reported from
India (Rajistan) and Pakistan (Sind)
westward into Afghanistan and Iran. Also
known from Saudi Arabia, United Arab
Emirates, Oman (Weisner, unpublished data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Rafi et al.
Bio-ecological Zone: Endemic species of a
mainly Palaearctic subgenus.
Myriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa (Dejean
1825)
Remarks: Fowler (1912) reported this species
from Punjab: Rawalpindi, Kashmir; India:
Sikkim, Assam, Bengal, Madras and central
India; Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Burma
(Myanmar). Chaudhry et al. (1970) reported
this species from NWFP: Kohat (Toybanda).
Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) reported that
this species was widely distributed throughout
Pakistan; India and Sri Lanka to Myanmar
(Burma).
Subgenus: Spilodia Rivalier 1961
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental
Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera (Dejean 1825)
Material Examined: Pakistan: D.I.Khan:
Rang pur, 18. vi. 2009, 1 , 1 , leg. Zubair,
ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).
Remarks: Horn (1926) reported this species
from Bangladesh and India (Dehra Dun).
Pajni and Bedi (1973) from India
(Chandigarh), Cassola (1976) from Pakistani
Punjab: Lahore (Ravi river). Second author
reported this species from Pakistan (Punjab,
Lahore), India (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh, Bihar, Western Bengal), Nepal,
Bangladesh.
Myriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa litigiosa
(Dejean 1825)
Remarks: Known from Pakistan (Jammu),
India (Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh), Nepal (Weisner, unpublished
data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental
Myriochila
(Monelica)
leucoloma
(Chaudoir 1852)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Lyallpur, 2. viii. 1948, leg. Student, 2 , ex
NIM (det. Cassola 2010).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus: Myriochila Motschulsky 1857
Subgenus: Monelica Rivalier 1950
Myriochila (Monelica) akhteri Cassola and
Wiesner 2009
Remarks: Recently described (Cassola and
Wiesner 2009) from Lowralai, Baluchistan.
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Remarks: Previously known from India and
Nepal (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Recently reported from Pakistan Cassola
(2010).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
13
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Subgenus: Myriochila Motschulsky 1862
Myriochila (Myriochila) dubia (Horn 1892)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Islam
Kot, 25-27.iii.2008, 1, 2, leg. Ishaq
Mastoi, ex NIM, (det. and 1 with Cassola
2010).
Remarks: New to Pakistan. Earlier this
species was reported by Heynes-Wood and
Dover (1928) from Myanmar (Burma).
Acciavatti and Pearson (1989) from India
(Asam, Nagaland) and Thailand.
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Myriochila (Myriochila) melancholica
(Fabricius 1798)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Islam
Kot, 25.iii.2008; Punjab: Bhakar, 15.v.2008,
2, 6, leg. A. Akhter; (det. and located
with Wiesner).
Remarks: Known from Portugal (Algarve),
Spain; Malta; France; Italy; Greece; Cyprus;
Turkey; Morocco; Algeria; Gambia; Tunisia;
Libya; Egypt; Israel; Saudi Arabia; Yemen;
Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Iran;
Syria; Iraq; E. Ciscaucasia; Caucasus Major;
Armenia; Pakistan; Afghanistan; Nepal and
India (Wiesner 2001). According to Weisner
this species is present in Portugal (Algarve),
Spain (Almeria, Alicante, Murcia, Granada,
Gerona, Balearic Is, (Ibiza, Mallorca,
Menorca), Malta, France (Corsica), Italy
(Sardegna, Sicily, Calabria, Latium), Albania,
Greece (Thessalia, Moree, Attica, Eubee,
Acarnanie, Peloponnes, Crete, Cephalonia,
Rhodes),
Cyprus, Turkey
(Anatolia),
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt,
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia,
Yemen, Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab
Emirates, Oman, Iran, Syria, Iraq, Azerbaijan,
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
Georgia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan,
Tadzikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan,
Pakistan (Sind, Karachi), Afghanistan (Herat,
Shibargan, Paktia, Nengrahar), Nepal, India
(Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar,
Western Bengal), China (Xinjiang), Cape
Verde Is, Senegal, Gambia, Benin, Sierra
Leone, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Chad, Ivory
Coast, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sao
Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea,
Central African Republic (Yalinga), Congo
(Brazzaville), Democratic Republic of Congo
(Shaba), Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia,
Sudan, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique,
Burkina Faso, Angola, Namibia, Botswana,
Zambia, Swaziland, South Africa (Cape
Province, Venda, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal),
Madagascar, Seychelles.
Bio-ecological
Afrotropical.
Zone:
Paleo-oriental
and
Myriochila (Myriochila) undulata (Dejean
1825)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Kalam,
16. ix. 1963, leg. M. Khan. ex PFI, Peshawer;
Punjab: Sakasar, 27. viii. 2007, 1 , leg.
Amir Sultan, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010).
Remarks: Earlier known from India, and
Hong Kong (Fowler 1912), NWFP: Kalam,
near river (Chaudhry et al. 1966), throughout
Indian subcontinent (Acciavatti and Pearson
1989), India (Himachal Pardesh; Uniyal and
Sivakumar 2007), Nepal, Pakistan, India, Sri
Lanka and Bangladesh (Werner and Wiesner
2008).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus: Rhytidophaena Bates 1891
14
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Rafi et al.
Table 1. Tiger beetle fauna of Pakistan
Areas of Pakistan
Nr.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Northwestern
Frontier
Province
Distribution
Northern
(NWFP)
Unknown
Name
Punjab Sind Kashmir Territories Iran Afghanistan China India
Baluchistan
X
X
Callytron gyllenhalii (Dejean, 1825)
Callytron malabaricum (Fleutiaux &
Maindron, 1903)
X
X
X
Callytron monalisa (Horn, 1927)
X
X
Calochroa sexpunctata (Fabricius,
1775)
X
X
X
X
X
Calochroa bicolor atavus (Horn,
1920)
X
X
Calochroa bicolor haemorrhoidalis
(Wiedemann, 1823)
X
X
X
Calochroa flavomaculata (Hope,
1831)
X
X
X
Calomera angulata (Fabricius,
1789)
X
X
X
X
Calomera aulica (Dejean, 1831)
X
X
X
Calomera chloris (Hope, 1831)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Calomera diania Tschitscherine,
1903
X
X
X
Calomera fischeri . elongatosignata
(Horn, 1922)
X
X
X
Calomera funerea assimilis (Hope,
1831)
X
X
X
Calomera littoralis afghana (Mandl,
1955)
X
X
Calomera littoralis
conjunctaepustulata (Dokhtouroff,
1887)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Calomera plumigera macrograptina
(Acciavatti & Pearson, 1989)
X
X
Chaetodera albina (Wiedemann,
1819)
X
X
Chaetodera vigintiguttata (Herbst,
1806)
X
X
Cicindela (Cicindela) granulata
stoliczkana Bates, 1878
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cosmodela intermedia (Chaucoir,
1852)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cylindera (Cylindera) obliquefasciata
descendens (Fischer, 1825)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cylindera (Eriodera) albopunctata
(Chaudoir, 1852)
X
X
X
Cylindera (Eugrapha) agnata
(Fleutiaux, 1890)
X
X
Cylindera (Eugrapha) bigemina
(Klug, 1834)
X
X
X
X
X
Cylindera (Eugrapha) brevis (Horn,
1905)
X
X
X
X
Cylindera (Eugrapha) cognata
(Wiedemann, 1823)
X
X
Cylindera (Eugrapha ) grammophora
(Chaudoir, 1852)
X
X
X
Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata
(Solsky, 1874)
X
X
X
X
X
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15
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Nr.
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Name
Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata
balucha (Bates, 1878)
Cylindera (Eugrapha ) venosa
(Kollar, 1836)
Cylindera (Eugrapha)
mesoepisternalis (Horn, 1934)
Cylindera (Ifasina) decempunctata
(Dejean, 1825)
Cylindera (Ifasina) subtilesignata
(Mandl, 1970)
Cicindela (Ifasina) viridilabris
(Chaudoir, 1852)
Grammognatha euphratica
(Dejean, 1822)
Hypaetha copulata (SchmidtGoebel, 1846)
Hypaetha ornatipennis (Schilder,
1953)
Hypaetha quadrilineata (Fabricius,
1781)
Lophyra (Lophyra) cancellata
intemperata (Acciavatti & Pearson,
1989)
Lophyra (Lophyra) catena
(Fabricius, 1775)
Lophyra (Lophyra) histrio
(Tschitschérine, 1903)
Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera (Dejean,
1825)
Myriochila (Monelica) akhteri
Cassola & Wiesner, 2009
Myriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa
(Dejean, 1825)
Myriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa
litigiosa (Dejean, 1825)
Myriochila (Monelica) leucoloma
(Chaudoir, 1852)
Myriochila (Myriochila) dubia
(Horn, 1892)
Myriochila (Myriochila) melancholica
(Fabricius, 1798)
Myriochila (Myriochila) undulata
(Dejean, 1825)
Rhytidophaena limbata
(Wiedemann, 1823)
Rafi et al.
Areas of Pakistan
Northwestern
Frontier
Province
Distribution
Northern
(NWFP)
Unknown
Punjab Sind Kashmir Territories Iran Afghanistan China India
Baluchistan
Salpingophora bellana (Horn, 1905)
Salpingophora maindroni (Horn,
1897)
Neocollyris (Neocollyris)
redtenbacheri (Horn, 1894)
Neocollyris (Neocollyris) bonellii
(Guérin-Méneville, 1834)
Neocollyris (Orthocollyris) attenuata
(Redtenbacher, 1848)
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Rhytidophaena limbata (Wiedemann 1823)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Islamabad, 23. vii. 2006, 1 , leg. M. Ather,
ex NIM, (det. Rafi 2009); Toba Take Singh,
17. vii. 2007, 1 , leg. Zubair, ex NIM (det.
Cassola 2010).
Remarks: Firstly recorded from Pakistan by
Fowler (1912). Known from Nepal,
Bangladesh, India (Meghalaya, Assam)
Pakistan: Punjab (Weisner, unpublished
data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Genus: Salpingophora Rivalier 1950
Salpingophora bellana (Horn 1905)
Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Sind:
Karachi westward along the Persian Gulf of
Iran and Kuwait. (Acciavatti and Pearson
1989) also known from Iraq, Saudi Arabia
(Weisner, unpublished data)
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Salpingophora maindroni (Horn 1897)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi,
date (unknown), 1 , leg., T. R. Bell, ex
NIM; Khairpur, 9. vii. 1963, leg. M. Ismail,
ex PFI, Peshawar; Mirpurkhas, 9. vi. 2008, 2
, leg. Akhter (det. Wiesner); Baluchistan:
Somiani: Lasbella, 23. i. 1951, 1 , ex NIM.
Remarks: Horn (1897); Mindron (1899)
reported this species from Karachi (Kimari);
Dover and Ribeiro (1923) Baluchistan;
Rivalier (1950) from Iran (Bushire), Karachi;
Cassola (1976) Karachi (Sandspit, 20 km
West to Karachi); Thatta (120 km East to
Karachi). Known from Pakistan: Baluchistan
and Sind (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989).
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.
Genus Neocollyris Horn 1901
Subgenus: Neocollyris Horn 1901
Neocollyris (Neocollyris) redtenbacheri
(Horn 1894)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP:
Abbottabad, 22. vii. 1969, 1 , leg.
Unknown, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Abbottabad (Harno), 28. vii. 2008, 1 , leg.
Amjad Bukhari, ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Punjab: Islamabad (Rawal Lake), 17. vii.
2008, 1 , leg. Asad Ali, (det. and located
with Cassola 2010); Islamabad (Margalla
Hills), 31. vii. 2006, 2 , leg. Amir Sultan,
ex NIM (det. and 1 located with Cassola
2010).
Remarks: New record for Pakistan. Earlier
reported by Naviaux (1995) from Himalayan
mountains.
According
to
Weisner
(unpublished data) this species occurred in
Bhutan, Nepal, India (Assam, Meghalaya,
Calcutta, Punjab).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Neocollyris (Neocollyris) bonellii (GuérinMéneville 1834)
Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab:
Islamabad: Margalla Hills, 31. vii. 2006, 1 ,
leg. Amir Sultan ex NIM (det. Cassola 2010);
Islamabad: Margalla Hills, 12. viii. 2008, 2
, leg. Asad, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).
Remarks: Reported by Cassola (2010) from
Pakistan (Islamabad). Known from Indonesia
(Jawa, Bali, Sumatra, S. Utara, S. Barat,
Bengkulu, Jambi, S. Selatan), Sumbawa,
Sumba, Flores, Borneo (Kalimantan),
Sulawesi (S. Utara, S. Tengah, S. Selatan)),
17
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
Malaysia (Malacca), Singapore, Nepal, India,
Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos,
Cambodia,
Vietnam,
China
(Fujian,
Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong,
Hunan, Yunnan,
Zhejiang)
(Weisner,
unpublished data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental
Subgenus: Orthocollyris Naviaux 1995
Neocollyris
(Orthocollyris)
attenuata
(Redtenbacher 1848)
Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Swat:
Mingora, 11. viii. 1963, 2 1 , leg. S. M.
Khan, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Bala Kot, 27.
vii. 1964, 1 , leg M. Ismail, ex PFI (det.
Rafi 2009); Abbottabad, 21. vii. 1969, leg. M.
Ismail, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Doonga Gali,
22. vii. 1964, 2, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI
(det. Zia 2009); Punjab: Ghora Gali, 20. vii.
1962, 5 , leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI (det. Rafi
2009).
Remarks: Fowler (1912) reported this species
from India (Punjab, Sikkam and Assam).
Chaudhry et al. (1966) reported from NWFP:
(Mingora, Balakot) and Bangladesh (former
East Pakistan), Chittagong (Datmara).
Reported from India (Simla, Darjeeling,
Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Bengal,
Punjab), Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan, ?China:
Xizang (Weisner, unpublished data).
Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.
Discussion
These results indicate that the tiger beetle
fauna of Pakistan includes 50 taxa in 14
genera and 11 subgenera (Table 1).
The biogeographic distribution of three taxa
belonging to genus Callytron (C. gyllenhalii
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
(Dejean) and C. monalisa (Horn)) is
Palaearctic and Oriental for C. malabaricum
(Fleutiaux and Maindron). Calochroa bicolor
atavus (Horn) and C. flavomaculata occurs in
Pakistan with Oriental biogeography. Under
the genus Calomera Motschulsky six species
were recorded from Pakistan, which include
C. angulata Fabricius, C. aulica (Dejean), C.
chloris (Hope), C. diania Tschitschérine, C.
littoralis Fabricius, and C. plumigera (Horn).
The genus Chaetodera Jeannel is represented
by two species, Ch. albina (Wiedemann) and
Ch. vigintiguttata (Herbst), which reportedly
have an Oriental distribution. Just one taxon
in subgenus Cicindela s. str. represent the
genus Cicindela Linneaus 1758 i.e. the
Palearctic species Cicindela (Cicindela)
granulata Gebler ssp. stoliczkana Bates. One
single species, C. intermedia represents the
Oriental genus Cosmodela in Pakistan,
because the record of C. didyma (Chaudhry et
al. 1966) is probably due to a labeling
mistake (Cassola 2010).
Twelve species represent the genus Cylindera
(in four subgenera). Their distribution is
mostly Oriental [such as those of C.
(Eugrapha) agnata (Fleutiaux), C. (E)
bigemina (Klug), C. (E) brevis (Horn), C. (E)
grammophora (Chaudoir), C. (E) venosa
(Kollar),
C.
(Eriodera)
albopunctata
(Chaudoir), C. (Ifasina) decempunctata
(Dejean), and C.(I) subtilesignata (Mandl)],
with just three species being Palaearctic [C.
(C) obliquefasciata (Adams), C. (E.)
sublacerata
(Solsky),
and
C.
(E)
mesoepisternalis (Horn)].
The genus Grammognatha Motschulsky is
represented by the typonominal subspecies of
Grammognatha euphratica (Dejean) having
Paleo-oriental
distribution.
[Reported
18
Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 10 | Article 116
distribution of G. euphratica Latreille and
Dejean and G.(E) armenica Laporte was
Palaearctic
(Kryzhanovskij et al. 1995;
Cassola 1999; Franzen 2001; Iacovone 2003;
Löbl and Smetana 2003; Anichtchenko and
Chibilov 2005; Avgin and Özdikmen 2007)].
The genus Hypaetha Le Conte has presently
three species: H. copulata (Schmidt-Goebel),
H. ornatipennis (Schilder) and H.
quadrilineata (Fabricius) the first two having
a Palaearctic distribution (Maindron 1899,
Cassola 1976; Acciavatti and Pearson 1989)
and the last one being Oriental (Acciavatti
and Pearson 1989).
Lophyra (Lophyra) cancellata intemperata
(Acciavatti and Pearson) and Lophyra
(Lophyra) catena catena (Fabricius) both
belong to Oriental species arriving westwards
to Pakistan (Acciavatti and Pearson 1989),
while L. (L.) histrio (Tschitschérine 1903) is
a Palaearctic species. Lophyra (Spilodia)
vittigera (Dejean) is also basically Oriental
and belongs to an Oriental subgenus (Horn
1926; Pajni and Bedi 1973; Cassola 1976).
Six species represent the genus Myriochila
Motschulsky in Pakistan, namely three of the
typonominal subgenus [M. (Myriochila)
melancholica (Fabricius), M. (M.) dubia
(Horn) and M. (M.) undulata (Dejean) and
three of subgenus Monelica [M. (Monelica)
aktheri Cassola and Wiesner 2009, M. (M.)
fastidiosa (Dejean) and M. (M.) leucoloma
(Chaudoir). M. (Myriochila) melancholica is
perhaps the commonest and most widespread
species in the genus, occurring in the
Palearctic region, in the whole of Africa and
in middle Orient eastwards to Pakistan.
Moreover, there are in Pakistan one species
belonging
to
Himalayan
genus
Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org
Rafi et al.
Rhytidophaena
Bates,
Rh.
limbata
(Wiedemann), two species of the Palaearctic
genus Salpingophora Rivalier. S. bellana
(Horn) and S. maindroni (Horn) and possibly
three more species of the Oriental genus
Neocollyris Horn, which reportedly occur in
lowland Himalayan areas ("Piémonts
hymalayens": Naviaux 1995).
Conclusion
These results appear to support the
hypothesis advanced by Pearson and
Ghorpade (1989) that the tiger beetles fauna
on the subcontinent is largely the result of
numerous independent contributions from the
Ethiopian, the Palaearctic and the Oriental
faunas.
Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful to Dr. F. B. Cassola
(Via F Tomassucci 12-20, I-00144 Rome,
Italy) for provision of necessary data. Thanks
are also extended to Mr. M. Irshad (ExConsultant, National Insect Museum, NARCIslamabad) for critical reading of manuscript.
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