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Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
Monetary values of increasing life expectancy: Sensitivity to shifts of the survival curveMedical Decision Making
Valuing the Future: Temporal Discounting of Health and Money1995 •
Normative discounted utility theory specifies that the values of all future outcomes (for example, those related to health and money) should be discounted at a constant rate. Two experiments demonstrated that, contrary to this prescription, decision makers use different discount rates for health-related decisions and money-related decisions. Temporal discount ings for health and money were similar in that both demonstrated two biases previously found in monetary decisions: discount rates were inversely related to magnitude of outcome and length of delay. The relatively large discount rates used by the subjects suggest why it is often difficult to implement preventive health measures that improve future health. Key words: discounting; intertemporal choice; health decisions. (Med Decis Making 1995;15:373- 386)
The Psychological Record
Magnitude Effects in Delay and Probability Discounting When Monetary and Medical Treatment Outcomes Are Discounted2014 •
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
Effect of Including (Versus Excluding) Fates Worse Than Death on Utility Measurement2003 •
1989 •
Government actions to reduce risks to health have varied greatly in their cost per death prevented, frequently by 10-fold or even 100-fold. This research asks whether disparities of this magnitude are justified by citizens' preferences abut the relative value of reducing deaths from different hazards. Four samples were asked to rank the relative priority of preventing deaths through 8 realistic programs, each addressed to a different hazard, and then to rate how large the differences in spending should be. Subjects were not asked to give absolute values on preventing deaths and were asked only for their relative valuation of the benefits of preventing a death, not to weigh the benefits and costs or to determine an optimal spending level. We found that in all samples the median respondent valued his top-rated program 5 to 6 times more than his bottom-rated program. However, because individuals disagreed upon the relative priority for different programs, the aggregated rankings barely showed more than a 2-fold difference in the amounts that should be spent. Thus, for the important programs considered by these samples, a large variation in spending does not appear to be justified on the basis of differentials in the values placed on preventing different types of deaths. A more deliberative methodology like the one used here appears fruitful for providing insights to policymakers about preferences in this sensitive area.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
Valuing Environmental Outcomes: Preferences for Constant or Improving Sequences2002 •
2008 •
2007 •
Political Geography
Where is the North? Southern ruptures in decolonizing theory2024 •
Gender Autonomy as a Feminist Premise of Identity and Its Impact Upon Female Protagonists in Fictional Narratives
Gender Autonomy as a Feminist Premise of Identity and Its Impact Upon Female Protagonists in Fictional Narratives2024 •
British Journal of Surgery
Dihydroergotamine and the thromboprophylactic effect of dextran 70 in emergency hip surgery1988 •
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Vapor emission from porous materials with diffusive transport in the solid-phase2017 •
Quarterly magazine of philosophy approach in schools and organizations
An explanation of examples of resilience in the lives of four prominent women in Islamic sources2024 •
Translation: The University of Toledo Journal of Medical Sciences
Survey of health care student attitudes towards transgender health care education2018 •