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Architecture time space and people
DAULAT KHANA, LUCKNOW2020 •
The proposed Project, comprising the construction of a Daulat Khana is located in the Hussainabad Heritage Complex, in Lucknow, which forms a vital hub on the city’s Heritage Spine. The city of Lucknow on the Gomti River first attained prominence in the 15th century under the Sharqi sultans of Jaunpur. Later Mughal governors ruled it. By the 17th century it was a prosperous commercial centre, and continued to flourish from 1775-1856 as the capital of the independent Nawabs of Avadh (originally governors under the Mughals). This small, quiet town attracts tourist from all over the country for the monuments standing today, the Bara Imambara, the Chhota Imambara, and the Roomi Darwaza are notable examples, although neglect by the authorities has put them in danger of turning into ruins.
T h eC o u r t e s a n so f L u c k n o w F r o m t h e1 8 t h c e n t u r yo n wa r d s, L u c k n o w wa sf a mo u s c e n t r eo fi n t e g r a t e dc u l t u r e. A c c o r d i n gt oA b d u l Ha l i m S h a r a r a n n o v e l i s t a n d h i s t o r i a n o f L u c k n o w, c o u r t e s a n s a n d c o n c u b i n e sp l a y e dap r o mi n e n tr o l ei na n c i e n ta n dme d i e v a l k i n g d o ms .C o u r t e s a n s ,i nI n d i a nc o n t e x t ,c a nb ed e f i n e da s wo me n wh o a r e p a i d t o d a n c e i n r o y a lc o u r t s f o r t h e e n t e r t a i n me n t o f r o y a l t y. T h e s e wo me n we r e f i n a n c i a l l y i n d e p e n d e n t , a n dt h e r ewe r ema n ywh oh a dh i g hs t a t u swi t h i n s o c i e t yd u et ot h e i r b e a u t ya n dt a l e n t s. T a wa i f s we r e l a r g e l y a No r t h I n d i a n i n s t i t u t i o n c e n t r a lt o Mu g h a lc o u r tc u l t u r e f r o m t h e 1 6 t h c e n t u r y o n wa r d s a n d b e c a mee v e nmo r ep r o mi n e n twi t ht h ewe a k e n i n go fMu g h a l r u l ei nt h emi d-1 8 t hc e n t u r y. T h ep a t r o n a g eo f t h eMu g h a l c o u r t b e f o r ea n da f t e r t h eMu g h a l D y n a s t yi nt h eD o a br e g i o na n dt h e a r t i s t i ca t mo s p h e r eo f 1 6 t hc e n t u r yL u c k n o wma d ea r t s-r e l a t e d c a r e e r sav i a b l ep r o s p e c t. Ma n yg i r l swe r et a k e na t ay o u n ga g e a n d t r a i n e d i n b o t h p e r f o r mi n g a r t s (s u c h a s K a t h a k a n d Hi n d u s t a n ic l a s s i c a lmu s i c)a swe l la sl i t e r a t u r e(g h a z a l)t o h i g hs t a n d a r d s .C o u r t e s a n swe r ee x p e r ti nc l a s s i c a lf o r m o f v o c a lmu s i ca n dd a n c eb u td i l u t e dt h ed h r u p a da n dk h a y a l. Mo r e p l e a s i n g t u n e s l i k e b h a i r v i ,t h u mr ia n d d a d r a we r e i n v e n t e d , b e i n gl i g h t c l a s s i c a l , t h e ywe r ee a s i l ya p p r e c i a t e db y c o mmo n ma n .O n c e t h e y h a d ma t u r e d a n d p o s s e s s e d a s u f f i c i e n tc o mma n do v e rd a n c i n ga n ds i n g i n g , t h e yb e c a mea t a wa i f , h i g h-c l a s sc o u r t e s a n swh os e r v e dt h er i c ha n dn o b l e. T h et a wa i f ' si n t r o d u c t i o ni n t oh e r p r o f e s s i o nwa sma r k e db ya c e l e b r a t i o n ,t h e s o-c a l l e d mi s s īc e r e mo n y ,t h a tc u s t o ma r i l y
It is a short review on the rich socio-historical and cultural Nawabi heritage of Lucknow, which is an attempt to cover a few wonders of the Owadh by the writer. The city of Lucknow has been given various other historical names too to interpret its value, such as “The Constantinople of India”, “Shiraz e Hind” and “The Golden City of the East” because of its marvels. Lucknow is a large city in northern India which is also a hub of Shia and Sunni Ulama of high repute. Alas! It was looted and destroyed by the cruel and brutal British Empire. Thanks to the veteran writers and the successors of the custodian of the lost heritage, today we know something about it.
2016 •
Lucknow’s multiculturalism and religious bonhomie Varshney Vipul B.Prof. International Council of monuments and sites,India.Lucknow,vipulvarshneya23@gmail.com MUHARRAM Lucknow,in its genesis is wrapped the evolution of the civilization of the people who built it. Current-day Lucknow reflects the culture and traditions upon which it still stands. And it was due to Asaf-ud-daula, the third Nawab, around 1775 that Lucknow flourished, becoming the last phase of the Mughal culture with its poets, courtesans, literary men and nobility. Lucknow being the closest to Delhi got the maximum attention and became the seat of the Mughal art and culture. While in Delhi, the Mughals were gradually losing ground to the British and were stricken with squalor and poverty, the state of Avadh - Lucknow - built on the debris of the Mughal empire and was rolling in wealth and affluence. To boast of their newly acquired status they began patronizing art, culture and architecture.
Historical background: The evolution of Lucknow
Historical background: The evolution of Lucknow2014 •
The rise of Awadh, as we have seen, coincided with the decline of Mughal rule. Consequently, during the Nawabi period, the centre of patronage of art and culture in North India gradually shifted from Delhi to Lucknow. Delhi did retain its superiority of status (and arguably its greater sophistication) but Lucknow offered more opportunity. Artists and master craftsmen flocked to the city. Catering to a different kind of cliental they adapted their skills to the new demands, which resulted in a distinctively different ethos. Lucknow was less classical in its castes, and this was reflected in the transformations which occurred in the established arts and crafts as well as in the new forms which emerged. Thus Lucknow developed its own identity not only in architecture but also in the decorative arts, music, poetry, theatre, dress, etiquette, hospitality, cuisine, and a number of other aspects of culture. The predominance of Shia culture also meant that religious observances and the rites associated with them had nuances different from the more widespread Sunni culture of Muslims in India. Of particular importance in this respect is the observance of Muharram in Lucknow. What is more, Muslims and Hindus alike identified strongly with all these aspects of culture. It was a truly composite culture, and its essential features are recognizable in the city to this day.
Lucknow, a city once dominated by Shi’a nawab rulers, is now known for elites’ nostalgia for Islamicate pasts and masses seeking better futures. This special issue builds interdisciplinary dialogue about a city overwhelmingly represented in historical accounts and emplaces Lucknow within recent investigation of urban India in which the city of nawabs is largely absent. Focusing on the old city of Lucknow where Muslims still demographically predominate, our introduction blends ethnographic exploration of cultural memory with new statistical data on the old city’s changing population, socioeconomic ‘backwardness,’ and segregation. We frame Lucknow’s Islamicate old city in contemporary times as a place where north India’s beleaguered Muslim minority negotiates between their remembered cosmopolitan past and a present burdened by structural violence and communal riots—blending (rather than choosing between) modernity and tradition, cosmopolitanism and provinciality, melancholia and aspirations, history and future.
Lucknow Culture, Place, Branding and Activism
Lucknow Culture, Place, Branding and Activism2018 •
India is undergoing a period of extraordinary urban transformation. For the first time in modern Indian history, the rate of urban growth is higher than that of the rural. Material transformations-freeways and tollways, malls and gated communities, changing work patterns and new forms of consumerism-are, however, also accompanied by social and cultural changes. What is also of enormous significance is that accelerated urbanism is not just a facet of life in large metropolises; it is also transforming lives in the towns and cities across India beyond those cities that have been the usual focus of scholars of urbanism. This book is extremely valuable for precisely this reason: it moves our gaze away from the 'usual suspects' to a city that is the capital of the most populous state in India, an urban locale of extraordinary historical importance and one that is undergoing tremendous urban upheaval from the 'usual suspects' to a city that is the capital of the most populous state in India, an urban locale of extraordinary historical importance and one that is undergoing tremendous urban upheaval. Author has provided an indispensable guide to a form of urbanism which cannot simply be written upon a blank slate, but must deal with the deeply embedded histories of quotidian sociality as well as powerful contemporary processes of change. This is a timely book and presenttday Lucknow richly deserves such detailed attention.
Θέματα Κβαντομηχανικής Φυσικής Προσανατολισμού Γ' Λυκείου. Τα θέματα είναι ταξινομημένα (πολλαπλή επιλογή, Σωστό-Λάθος, Θέματα Γ'), για τη διευκόλυνση των υποψηφίων.
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