UNIVERSITY OF SINDH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES
DOI: https://doi.org/10.57038/usjas.v6i03.5205
Uni. Sindh. J. Anim. Sci., 6(3), 16-19, 2022
Email: editors.usjas@usindh.edu.pk
ISSN (P): 2521-8328
ISSN (E): 2523-6067
Published by University of Sindh, Jamshoro.
EFFECTS OF FEED ADDITIVES GARLIC AND ONION ON GROWTH OF
MRIGAL (CIRRHINUS MIRGALA) FINGERLINGS
ARIANA ALI1, ISRAR MAQBOOL2*, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF2, TASLEEM KAUSAR3, FAISAL
JAMEEL4, MALJA IMAN YOUSAF5, SAIMA TALIB3, ALIA HUSSAIN6
1
Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
3
Department of Zoology, Sadiq Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
4
Department of Zoology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
5
Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
6
Department of Zoology, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
2
ARTICLE INFORMATION
ABSTRACT
Article History:
Received: 29th August 2022
Accepted: 20th September 2022
Published online: 4th October 2022
The purpose of this study was to see how dietary garlic and onion powder effected on
Cirrhinus mrigala. Feed additives such as garlic and onion are used. Cirrhinus mrigala
was fed garlic and onion supplementary meals containing 2.5 percent of their body weight
for a total of 60 days. The initial body weight and length of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings
were respectively 18.48±0.139g and 10.17±0.123cm. When garlic and onion were fed
together, the effect of garlic and onion on Cirrhinus mrigala growth performance was
examined. Final weight was 29.37±0.071 and final length was 13.2±0.022cm, indicating
that feed consumption was enhanced based on growth performance. The current findings
showed that dietary garlic or onion powder, given alone or in combination, might increase
mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) survival, growth, and feed consumption. Based on the
findings, it can be concluded that feeding a food supplement (onion and garlic) to fish,
either alone or in combination, enhanced their growth performance.
Author’s contribution
AA conceptualization, IM methodology,
MA, analysis, TK, FJ collected material,
MI compiled the data, ST, AH reviewed
the article.
Key words:
Fish, Garlic, Onion, Phytoadditives,
Growth, Feed, Cirrhinus mrigala,
supplements.
1. INTRODUCTION
Fodder additives derived from medicinal plants or plant
extracts are known as phytoadditives (Gabor et al., 2010).
Essential nutrients for body metabolism are provided by
feed additives. Dietary supplements are one of the most
frequent strategies used in fish farms to increase weight
gain, feed efficiency, and disease resistance in cultured
fish. It is hoped that using them would provide the same
results as using antibiotics (Gabor et al., 2010). Plant
products such as herbs (Akrami et al., 2015). Garlic
(Allium sativum) is a member of the Liliaceae family. It is
used in old-style medicine and also as a spice
(Valenzuela-Gutierrez, 2021). It contains huge amount of
calcium, phosphorus, carbohydrates, as well as few other
nutrients. Garlic also contains a number of beneficial
compounds, includes iodine salts that are good for the
circulatory system (Iqbal et al., 2001).
*Corresponding Author: israrmaqbool916@gmail.com
Copyright 2017 University of Sindh Journal of Animal Sciences
16
The silicates are good for the skeletal and circulatory
systems, and Sulphur salts that are good for
cholesterolemia, the skeletal system, and liver disease
management (Iqbal et al., 2001). Garlic includes a variety
of vitamins, including vitamin A, vitamin B complex, and
linoleic acid (Dragon, 2008). Allicin is most significant
components present in garlic, and it possesses
anthelmintic properties (Corzo-Martínez et al., 2007).
Garlic helps in disease management, notably bacterial and
fungal infections (Suh et al., 1999). Garlic plays important
role to improve fish health (Saleh et al., 2015).
Onion (Allium cepa L.) which is also Liliaceae family
member (Mousavi et al., 2016). Onion had a huge amount
of free and glycosidically bound quercetin also oxidized
quercetin byproducts (Griffiths et al., 2002; Romanov et
al., 2017). Onion contains antibacterial, antioxidant, plus
anti-cancer properties and it inhibits endogenous
lipogenesis while increasing lipid catabolism (Kumari,
2007). In addition, onion extract was found to be one of
the most efficient dietary supplements for improving
(Ali et al.,2022)
weight increase in young olive flounder, Paralichthys
olivaceus, in a prior study (Cho et al., 2012).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) fingerlings were acquired from a
commercial fish farm and hatchery in Multan, for this study.
The fingerlings were acclimated in glass aquaria at the
Fisheries Research and Training Institute in Multan Nutrition
Laboratory. The fingerlings were fed a basal diet at this time.
Following acclimatization, the fingerlings were divided into
four groups, each with 30 fish. The average body weight was
18.36±0.09g, with a length of 10.24±0.04. Garlic and onion
powder were obtained at a local market of Multan. The
fingerlings were fed at a rate of five percent of their body
weight twice a day. Four different experimental diets were
prepared.
The first group, T1, was fed commercial fish as only source of
nutrition, with no supplements. T2 was the second group,
which received commercial fish feed with 5% garlic as a
dietary supplement. T3 was the third group, which consisted
of commercial fish feed with 5% onion as a dietary
supplement. T4 was the fourth group, which consisted of
commercial fish feed with 2.5 percent garlic and onion as
dietary supplements, respectively. This study lasted for 60
days.
The conclusion of the feeding experiment final fish length as
well as weight were recorded several growth parameters such
as %WG, % LG, %ADWG, %ADLG were calculated.
Percentage Weight gain (%WG) =W2 (g) -W1(g) /W1(g)
×100
Percentage length gain (%LG) =L2 (cm) -L1(cm) /L1(cm)
×100
Specific growth rate (SGR)=100(In W2-InW2)/T (days)
Average daily Weight gain (ADWG)=WG(g) /T (days)
Average daily length gain (ADLG)=LG (cm) /T (days)
Where W1 and W2 are the initial and final weight of fish, L1
and L2 are initial and final length of fish, and T is total number
of days of experiment. W= the weight of the fish in gram (g),
L= the total length of the fish in centimeter (cm).
Statistical analysis
One-way ANOVA followed by post- hoc test (Fishers Least
Significant Difference Test)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
respectively, at the end of the trial. For all of the groups
tested, the fish survival rate was 100 percent. For 60 days,
mrigal fish were fed this feed additive garlic and onion
alone and in combination.
Table 1. Growth activity of mrigal
fed on diets
supplemented with garlic and onion alone and in
combination for 60days
Param
eters
/groups
Initial
weight
Initial
length
Final
weight
Final
length
Control
group
(T1)
18.48
±0.138
10.17±0
.123
24.36±0
.095
12.04±0
.016
17
Onion
(T3)
18.21±0
.208
10.28±0
.203
27.1±0.
089
12.66±0
.026
18.45±0.
232
10.24±0.
0124
28.47±0.
077
12.85±0.
022
Garlic+
Onion
(T4)
18.30±0.
0203
10.19±0.
0204
29.37±0.
071
13.2±0.0
22
Experimental values are expressed as mean ± standard
error of mean (n=15). Values with the *in the same row
are statistically different (P≤0.05).
Table 2. Effect of dietary supplement on mrigal
percentage body weight gain (%WG)
Parameters /groups
Control group (T1)
percentage body weight
gain (%WG)
31.87±0.059
Garlic (T2)
Onion (T3)
Garlic+ Onion (T4)
51.47±0.0737*
54.65±0.0441*
60.70±0.4217**
Table 3. Effect of dietary supplement on mrigal
percentage body length gain (%LG)
Parameters /groups
Control group (T1)
Garlic (T2)
Onion (T3)
Garlic + Onion (T4)
percentage body
gain (%LG)
18.61±0.174
24.12 ±0.172
26.72±0.188
30.81±0.14*
length
Table 4. Effect of dietary supplement on mrigal specific
daily growth rate (SGR)
Parameters /groups
At the start of experiment average initial body weight and
length of mrigal fingerlings were 18.48±0.139g and
10.17±0.123cm respectively. The average final weight of
fish in treatment 1 was 24.36±0.059g, whereas fish in
treatments 2,3, and 4 had average final body weights of
27.1±0.089g,
28.47±0.077g,
and
29.37±0.071g,
Garlic
(T2)
Control group (T1)
Garlic (T2)
Onion (T3)
Garlic+ Onion (T4)
Average Daily weight
gain
0.4373±0.0645
0.6563±0.0784*
0.7131±0.0492*
0.7795±0.0442*
Effects of garlic and onion feed on growth of Mrigal
Table 5. Effect of dietary supplement on mrigal average
daily body weight gain (ADWG)
Parameters /groups
Average Daily weight
gain
Control group (T1)
Garlic (T2)
Onion (T3)
0.8404±0.135
1.269±0.157
1.431±0.112
4. CONCLUSION
Based on the findings, it can be concluded that feeding a
food supplement (onion and garlic) to fish, either alone or
in combination, enhanced their growth performance. As a
result, it is suggested that these dietary supplements,
which are inexpensive and locally available, could be
included in aqua feed to promote development.
5. CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Table 6. Effect of dietary supplement on mrigal average
daily body length gain (ADLG)
Parameters /groups
Average Daily weight gain
Control group (T1)
Garlic (T2)
Onion (T3)
Garlic + Onion (T4)
0.2675±0.024
0.3400±0.048
0.3729±0.049
0.4300±0.050*
All authors have declared that there is no conflict of
interests regarding the publication of this article.
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