Thermally and Mechanically Balanced Structural Design of Insulated Pavements for Cold Region Applications Zhuang Zhuo1, Ayman Ali1, Cheng Zhu1, Yusuf Mehta1, Wade Lein2, Christopher DeCarlo2, Zhaoxing Xie1 1Rowan University; 2US Army Corps of Engineers Experimental Setup Results and Discussion 44’’ Surface HMA 4’’ 5’’ RCA 0 Thermocouples 44’’ #6 5’’ 5’’ #4 RCA 5’’ Insulation 2’’ Layer 5’’ #2 5’’ #1 2’’ 5’’ 4’’ 5’’ 5’’ Subgrade 20’’ 5’’ 8 Base 10 12 14 Insulation 16 22’’ 11’’ 11’’ 18 11’’ 11’’ 22’’ Schematic view of insulated pavement boxes 20 -15 Jan May Sep -10 Mar Jul Dec -5 0 4 6 8 Base 10 12 Jan Mar May Jul Sep Dec 14 16 Subgrade 18 20 5 Temperature (C) 10 15 0.0 Insulation Subgrade 2.0x10-4 4.0x10-4 6.0x10-4 8.0x10-4 1.0x10-3 Vertical Strain Predicted thermal and mechanical responses datalogger Start Chiller Select Failure Limits or Design Criteria and Reliability Level 6 HMA 2 HMA 4 5’’ HMA 5’’ #3 Subgrade 20’’ 4’’ 4’’ #5 0 2 Thermocouples 44’’ Depth (in.)  Add an insulation layer above the frostsusceptible layer have been proved to be an efficient strategy to mitigate frost effect on pavements in cold regions.  Limited research was conducted on the thermal and mechanical design of insulated pavement Objective: Propose a thermally and mechanically design approach based on a novel finite element model Methodology and Finite Element Model 44’’ Depth (in.) Background and Objective Loading area Photos of insulated pavement boxes Maximum Load Repetitions of Insulated Pavement (millions) tHMA (in.) 4 EHMA (ksi) 500 1100 tBase (in.) 5 9 13 5 9 13 1 6 8 8 21 43 50 tInsulation 2 5 7 8 20 32 35 (in.) 3 5 6 7 20 30 30 Select Trial Design Structure Validating the FE model with Test Results Predict Performance and Maximum Allowable Traffic ESALs 0.3L Meet the Criteria? Yes Output Results L End Flow chart of the design process Loading area 20 DVertical, KENPAVE DVertical, Elastic Vertical, KENPAVE 0.025 15 Vertical, Elastic Horizontal, KENPAVE Horizontal, Elastic 0.020 10 120 100 80 60 0.015 40 0 0.010 20 0.005 0 5 10 15 Measured Temperature (C) Thermal Field 20 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 -0.0002 -0.0003 -0.0004 -5 -5 0.0005 -0.0001 5 Subgrade R2=0.9627 Base R2=0.9806 Surface R2=0.9931 Horizontal Strain Control Box Vertical Stress (psi) 0.030 Vertical Displacement (in.) No 25 Symmetric Simulated Temperature (C) Estimate Thermal and Mechanical Responses based on the FE Model FE model 25 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 Depth (in.) Mechanical Field 0 27 -0.0005 30 Conclusions  The design of insulated pavements need to consider the differential icing effect and mechanical performance.  Design tables were formulated based on the FE model and selected criteria. Acknowledgement Funding under PE 0602784A, Project T53 "Military Engineering Applied Research,” Task 08 under Contract W913E518C0008 made it possible to complete this work. Special thanks to the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) for managing and supervising this effort.