Heritage Values Nora Arapi Krasniqi, Barch. MSc. Conservation of Monuments and Sites, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, Republic of Kosovo 05/10/2015 Prizren HERITAGE DEFINITION [Cultural] heritage is a group of resources inherited from the past which people identify, independently of ownership, as a reflection and expression of their constantly evolving values, beliefs, knowledge and traditions. It includes all aspects of the environment resulting from the interaction between people and places through time. (Faro Convention, 2005) VALUES & HERITAGE WHY IMPORTANT WHAT PLACE FOR WHOM PEOPLE COMMUNITY HERITAGE SITE PROFESSIONALS INSTITUTIONS VISITORS VALUES DEFINITION Values is most often used in one of two senses: 1. As morals, principles, or other ideas that serve as guides to action 2. In reference to the qualities and characteristics seen in things, in particular the positive characteristics. Heritage was created as the result of the process of giving specific qualities and significance to some objects over others. People may value a place: for the story and memory it brings about its past; for its distinctive architecture; its connection with important historic events; or for its role in the community. VALUES DEFINITION But how are those values assessed and used for the conservation approach? The ultimate aim of conservation is not to conserve the building for its own sake but, rather, to maintain and emphasize the values embodied by the heritage—with physical intervention or treatment being one of many means toward that end. Every conservation decision—how to clean an object, how to reinforce a structure, what materials to use, and so on — affects how that object or place will be perceived, understood and used, and thus transmitted to the future. Hence, values understanding and assessment is an important step toward the definition of the conservation principles. Heritage values definition is a complex process where the interrelation between the buildings /artifacts /sites and the cultural context is crucial. VALUES DEFINITION Historic Aesthetic Educational Social Economic – Use Scientific VALUES DEFINITION Historic Value Encompasses the history of aesthetics, science and society. The site has influenced an historic figure, event, phase, phase or activity, Or is a site of an important event. Involves the attributes of age, tradition, memorial, legends, sentimental, religious, politic and/ore national Identity Value Political Value VALUES DEFINITION Aesthetic Value Is expresses with specific attributes of decoration, details and craftsmanship applied at the object/site. Includes aspects of sensory perception, consideration of the form, scale, colour, texture, smells and sounds associated with the place and its use. Artistic Value Architectural Value VALUES DEFINITION Scientific Value Is based on critical scientific evaluation of the importance of the design, technical, structural and functional concepts, and the craftsmanship used for its creation. Depends on the importance of the data involved, on its rarity, quality or representativeness, the degree to which the place may contribute further substantial information. Technical Value Rarity Value VALUES DEFINITION Social Value Social value embraces the qualities for which a place has become a focus of spiritual, political, national or other cultural sentiment to a majority or minority group Involves contemporary social interrelations of the community, and Plays an important role in definition of social and cultural identities. Community Value Cultural Value VALUES DEFINITION Educational Value Involves its potential related to the cultural tourism Awareness raising about the culture and history As a tool for integration of the historic sites to the present life. VALUES DEFINITION Economic - Use Value Involves its potential related to the economic side – stimulating tourism development, creating jobs and enhancing investment climate. Can be understood as a value which is generated by the heritage resource or conservation action. Economic values have four potential sources of income: tourism, trade, employment and accommodation services. Functional Value Environmental Value VALUES DEFINITION VALUES AND INTERNATIONAL CHARTERS INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES (THE VENICE CHARTER 1964) The Venice Charter, used as the basis for defining the treatment of historic buildings and sites, treats indirectly the historic and artistic dimensions in the Article 3: “The intention in conserving and restoring monuments is to safeguard them no less as works of art than as historical evidence”. VALUES AND INTERNATIONAL CHARTERS THE AUSTRALIA ICOMOS CHARTER FOR PLACES OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE (THE BURRA CHARTER 1999) Defines the cultural significance through aesthetic, historic, scientific and social values for past, present and future generations. Article 5. Values 5.1 Conservation of a place should identify and take into consideration all aspects of cultural and natural significance without unwarranted emphasis on any one value at the expense of others. 5.2 Relative degrees of cultural significance may lead to different conservation actions at a place. VALUES AND INTERNATIONAL CHARTERS THE NARA DOCUMENT ON AUTHENTICITY (1994) Includes the values of craftsmanship The Article 13 of the NARA Document on Authenticity states: “Depending on the nature of the cultural heritage, its cultural context, and its evolution through time, authenticity judgments may be linked to the worth of a great variety of sources of information. Aspects of the sources may include form and design, materials and substance, use and function, traditions and techniques, location and setting, and spirit and feeling, and other internal and external factors. The use of these sources permits elaboration of the specific artistic, historic, social, and scientific dimensions of the cultural heritage is being examined.” VALUES ASSESSMENT NARA GRID In the framework of education and research at the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation – Katholieke Universiteit Leuven an evaluation scheme based on the Nara Document on Authenticity has been developed. The combination made between the aspects and the dimensions of the sources, developed the NARA Grid – an evaluation instrument that presents the relationship between material-technical approaches with one that would include the impact of craftsmanship VALUES ASSESSMENT Values understanding and assessment, is an important step toward the definition of the conservation approach. We conserve a certain heritage site, because we believe it is an important site, which has certain significance for the community, and is believed that should be preserved for the future generations. Value assessment process is a process where several prior actions, of understanding the heritage site are combined. VALUE ASSESSMENT IN THE PROCESS OF CONSERVATION VALUE ASSESSMENT IN THE PROCESS OF CONSERVATION NEW APPROACH IN HERITAGE ASSESSMENT COUNCIL OF EUROPE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON THE VALUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE FOR SOCIETY (FARO Convention 2005) Recognise that rights relating to cultural heritage are inherent in the right to participate in cultural life, as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Recognise individual and collective responsibility towards cultural heritage; Emphasise that the conservation of cultural heritage and its sustainable use have human development and quality of life as their goal NEW APPROACH IN HERITAGE ASSESSMENT Cultural heritage and dialogue Environment, heritage and quality of life Sustainable use of the cultural heritage Shared responsibility for cultural heritage Public participation Access to cultural heritage and democratic participation NEW APPROACH IN HERITAGE ASSESSMENT Institutions Professionals Commercial sector Heritage Site Responsible use Community Assessment & Understanding Protection Economic development Conservation NEW CONCEPT ON HERITAGE ASSESSMENT CASE STUDIES INITIATIVE FOR PROTECTION OF LUMBARDHI CINEMA Cinema Lumbardhi Built in the 50’s of the XXth century Situated in the Historic Zone of Prizren Transmission of movies with the technology of 35 mm film tape Functioned as Cinema until 1990’s Since 2002 organisation of annual festival DOKUFEST and various cultural activities INITIATIVE FOR PROTECTION OF LUMBARDHI CINEMA Cinema Lumbardhi 2006 – 2007 Plan for destruction of the Cinema and construction of a parking lot 2007 – Organisation of local NGO’s and civil society for saving the Cinema from destruction Thousands signatures collected for the Petition for Protection of the Cinema INITIATIVE FOR PROTECTION OF LUMBARDHI CINEMA Cinema Lumbardhi August 2014 – Municipality of Prizren declares the Cinema as public interest property and foresees its partial destruction for road enlargement September 2014 - 57 NGO’s from Kosovo organised an Initiative for Protection of Lumbardhi Cinema Towards the Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports asking Kino Lumbardhi to be declared as Cultural Heritage Monument under Protection INITIATIVE FOR PROTECTION OF LUMBARDHI CINEMA Cinema Lumbardhi Cinema The birthplace of festivals Cultural landmark (reference point) Collective memory SOCIAL CULTURAL IDENTITY SCIENTIFIC ECONOMIC - USE Respond – Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports Cinema Lumbardhi to be declared a Cultural heritage Monument under Law Protection KINO LUMBARDHI TODAY Lumbardhi – a cultural venue Host for various cultural activities: exhibitions, concerts, festivals, movie screening, debates …………. PROTECTION OF HOTEL UNION Former Hotel Union Built on 1927, by Austrian architect/engineer Andrea Cramer Situated in the Center of Prishtina Listed among the most important example of the eclectic style, a mixture of neo-renaissance, neobaroque and Art Nouveau in Kosovo Listed property as Cultural Heritage under Law Protection PROTECTION OF HOTEL UNION Ex. Hotel Union 2006 - Privatised by the Kosovar Agency for Privatisation and sold to the commercial entity “Benetton” 2008 – an evaluation report drafted by the Municipality of Prishtina suggests its destruction due to negative memory that resembled for the community 2008 – Civil initiative against demolition of Hotel Union Signing the petition; media pressure, protests, debates….. 2009 – an “accidental” fire occupied the building damaging seriously its structure 2010 – Civil society, NGOs, citizens, architects, media organised again against destruction of the building, seeking its conservation and restoration 2011-2013 – Restoration and Revitalisation of the Union Hotel PROTECTION OF HOTEL UNION Ex. Hotel Representative of an Eclectic Style Cultural landmark (reference point) Collective memory AESTHETIC SOCIAL ECONOMIC - USE Respond – Municipality of Prishtina Ex. Hotel Union to be restored based on material abundance such as: detailed graphic documentation of the condition before fire, photo documentation, social memory which made possible conservation of original fragments and legitimize the reconstruction. PROTECTION OF HOTEL UNION Conclusion Lessons learnt Role of value assessment Importance of participatory and inclusive assessment Role of the professionals Conservation of stones and bricks Telling the story of the heritage site to the community The feeling of common property and pride Conclusion Restoring bricks and stones Restoring and building relations Bibliography Action for a Changing Society - Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, Council of Europe, 2012. 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