Fishing through time

Rachelle Martyn; Barbara Wilkens; Gabriele Carenti; Daniel Makowiecki

LARC FISHING THROUGH TIME 28th September - 3rd October 2015 Lisbon 18th Fish Remains Working Group Internaional Council for Archaeozoology 2015 Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquaic Environments LISBOA TRABALHOS DO LARC TRABALHOS DO LARC TRABALHOS DO LARC 8 PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS OF THE 18TH INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR ARCHAEOZOOLOGY FISH REMAINS WORKING GROUP ICAZ - FRWG FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments 28th September – 3rd October, 2015 Lisbon ABSTRACT In this volume of Trabalhos do LARC we present the Program and Abstracts of the 18th biennial meeting of the International Council for Archaeozoology - Fish Remains Working Group (ICAZ-FRWG), hosted by the Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage - Archaeosciences Laboratory (DGPC - LARC) and the Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources – Environmental Archaeology Research Group (CIBIO EnvArch). The meeting is aimed primarily for archaeozoologists interested in the systematic study of fish bones retrieved from archaeological sites around the world, and also to archaeologists, ichthyologists, historians, ethnographers, and fishery biologists. To this end the conference is structured to encompass a multiplicity of approaches to the study of fish remains and their contribution to our understanding of how fishing, fish trade, fish consumption, biodiversity, ecology and human impact on aquatic environments have changed through time. Trabalhos do LARC n.º 8 Lisboa, 2015 Cover: PENASCOSA 5 (Upper Paleolithic), Prehistoric Rock Art Sites of the Côa Valley (Portugal). Drawing used by kind permission of António Martinho Baptista (Fundação Côa Parque) Organizing Committee Sónia GABRIEL - DGPC - LARC & CIBIO EnvArch Ana Cristina ARAÚJO - DGPC - LARC & CIBIO EnvArch Ana COSTA - DGPC - LARC & CIBIO EnvArch Simon JM DAVIS - DGPC - LARC & CIBIO EnvArch Patrícia MENDES - DGPC - LARC & CIBIO EnvArch Carlos PIMENTA - DGPC - LARC & CIBIO EnvArch Cooperating members João ANDRADE/ Sara FERREIRA - ICETA - U.Porto Fátima PERALTA - DGPC João SEABRA - DGPC Scientific Committee Philippe BÉAREZ - Muséum natio alàd Histoi eànaturelle (France) Richard COOKE - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (Panama) Lembi LÕUGAS - Tallinn University (Estonia) Daniel MAKOWIECKI - Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland) Arturo MORALES-MUÑIZ - Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Spain) Heide PLOGMANN - Universität Basel (Switzerland) Elizabeth REITZ - Georgia Museum of Natural History (U.S.A) Wim VAN NEER - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Belgium) Editorial Coordination Sónia Gabriel, Simon J.M. Davis, Ana M. Costa LARC/DGPC - EnvArch/CIBIO/InBIO Graphic Design Ana M. Costa Print date September 2015 Edition Laboratório de Arqueociências, LARC Direcção-Geral do Património Cultural Rua da Bica do Marquês, nº2 1300-087 Lisboa. Portugal TEL: +351 21 362 5369 INDEX Schedule ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Detailed schedule for conference (28, 29 and 30 September) ........................................................................................... 8 SESSION 1 - TAXONOMY AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 14 Andrew K. G. Jones. Widening the net. New approaches to the analysis of fish remains from archaeological sites: identifying the unidentifiable ............................................................................................................................................ 14 I a aà Ži alje ić. Revealing an extirpated species: identification of cyprinid pharyngeal teeth from the MesolithicNeolithic Danube Gorges .................................................................................................................................................. 15 SESSION 2 - COST - Oceans Past Platform (OPP) .............................................................................................................. 16 James H. Barrett, David C. Orton, Sheila Hamilton-Dyer, Mark Culling, Bernd Hänfling, Lori Lawson Handley, Tamsin C. O Co ell,àMi haelàP. Richards and William F. Hutchinson. The globalization of naval provisioning: stable isotope and aDNA analyses of stored cod from the wreck of the Mary Rose, AD 1545 ....................................................................... 16 Jennifer Harland. From the fish middens to the herring: Archaeological and historical evidence for later medieval and early modern fishing in the Northern Isles, Scotland ........................................................................................................ 17 Lembi Lõugas. Long and short distance fish trade during the Middle Ages in the eastern Baltic region ......................... 18 th th Daniel Makowiecki. Fish fau a i Koło zeg a d Gdańsk et ee and 15 century. Reasons for diversity and changes ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Eve Rannamäe and Lembi Lõugas. Fish consumption and assertion of trade with coastal regions in medieval Karksi and Viljandi, Estonia ................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Dimitra Mylona. Fishing and fish eating in the southern Aegean through time. Fishing traditions and innovations ...... 21 Eufrasia Roselló-Izquierdo, Eduardo González Gómez de Agüero, Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez and Arturo MoralesMuñiz. The Iberian medieval fisheries: a search for origins .............................................................................................. 22 SESSION 3 – ROMAN FISHERIES, AND FISH PRODUCTS .................................................................................................... 23 Monica K. Dütting. Fish and fishing in the northern part of the Roman Empire: evidence from the Netherlands ........... 23 Sally Grainger. Roman fish sauces: amphora shape, fish sauce residues and the practicalities of supply ....................... 24 Rebecca Nicholson. More sauce from the Thames: fish and fishing in and around the Thames estuary, England ......... 25 Tatiana Theodoropoulou and Antonio M. Sáez-Romero. From beyond the Pillars of Herakles to the East: a fresh look at the remains of salted fish and transport amphorae from the Punic Amphora Building at Corinth .................................. 26 Gaël Piquès, Margaux Tillier, David Djaoui and Corinne Sanchez. Sauces and salted-fish for sailors: palaeocontent analysis of jars from the ports of Gallia Narbonensis ....................................................................................................... 28 Dario Bernal-Casasola, Ricard Marlasca, José Ángel Expósito-Álvarez and José Juan Díaz-Rodriguez. Roman Tuna fish and Garum from Baelo Claudia. Recent archaeozoological evidence .............................................................................. 29 SESSION 4 – FISH, RITUAL, FEASTING, AND SOCIAL STATUS............................................................................................. 30 Wim Van Neer. A Greco-Roman votive deposit of fish at Oxyrhynchus (Al Bahnasa, Egypt) ........................................... 30 Sharyn Jones and William Landon. Fishing, feasting and friendship; a cross cultural comparison of fish rituals in maritime contexts (c. 1500-1900 AD) ............................................................................................................................... 31 Elizabeth J. Reitz. Charleston, South Carolina (USA): A case study of fish as evidence of social status and environmental impact ............................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Omri Lernau. Fish consumption in the Beit Shean Valley as studied in two major excavations: Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 SESSION 5 – MORPHOMETRY AND OSTEOMETRY ............................................................................................................ 34 Sofía C. Samper-Carro, Julien Louys, Stuart Hawkins and Sue O'Connor. A geometric morphometric approach to shape variation in fish vertebrae for taxonomic and habitat identification ................................................................................ 34 María Fernanda Martínez-Polanco, Máximo Jimenéz and Richard Cooke. Estimating body length of two puffer-fish species (Diodon) to predict the size of archaeological individuals from two sites of different ages and palaeohabitats in the Pearl Island Archipelago, Panama .............................................................................................................................. 35 SESSION 6 – FISH AS PALAEOCLIMATIC AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL PROXIES – ISOTOPIC DATA .............................. 36 Elise Dufour, Hélène Jousse and Paul Sereno. Isotopic sclerochronology provides insight into fishing seasonality in a palaeo-lake at Gobero (Niger) during the mid-Holocene ................................................................................................. 36 Simone Häberle, Jörg Schibler and Heide Hüster Plogmann. Stable Isotope ratios of archaeological and modern fish bone collagen reflect interactions between men, fish and aquatic ecosystems ............................................................... 37 SESSION 7 – FISHING CULTURES OF THE WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACT ON FISH RESOURCES ........ 38 1.S7: SOUTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ...................................... 38 Philippe Béarez, Nicolas Goepfert and Aurélien Christol. Bayovar 1: A pre-Hispanic fish-processing camp in the Sechura Desert, Northern Peru ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 Caroline Borges and Sandrine Grouard. Tracking fish and fishing practices over time in sambaquis of the Santos estuarine complex, southeastern Brazil (4900 – 1900 years BP) ...................................................................................... 39 SESSION 7 – FISHING CULTURES OF THE WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACT ON FISH RESOURCES ........ 40 2.S7: NORTH AMERICA, ALASKA AND ASIA…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40 Virginia L. Butler. The effects of mega-earthquakes on northeast Pacific fish populations over the past 2000 years ..... 40 Olga Krylovich. Decline of Rock greenlings from Adak Island (Aleutian Islands, Alaska) .................................................. 41 Ying Zhang, Dorian Fuller, Ling Qin and Louise Martin. The Rice-fish Economy: wetland fishing and rice cultivation in the Neolithic of the lower Yangtze River region, China ........................................................................................................... 42 SESSION 7 – FISHING CULTURES OF THE WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACT ON FISH RESOURCES ........ 43 3.S7:EUROPE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Katariina Nurminen. Burbot (Lota lota) and winter fishing in Finland during the Stone Age ........................................... 43 Harry K. Robson and Søren H. Andersen. Eel fishing in the Mariager Fjord during the Ertebølle and Funnel Beaker cultures: new archaeo-ichthyological data from the kitchen midden at Thygeslund ....................................................... 44 Kenneth Ritchie. The Chalcolithic fishery at Pietrele, Romania described from fish and fishing technology remains. .... 45 Eufrasia Roselló Izquierdo, Mª Milagrosa Ros-Sala, J.A. López-Padilla, Arturo Morales-Muñiz. Fishing in the Iberian Bronze Age: the fishes from the Cabezo Pardo and Cerro de los Gavilanes ..................................................................... 46 Àngel Blanco, Josep M. Vergés and Jordi Agustí. Fish remains from the Neolithic site of El Mirador cave (Atapuerca, Spain): seasonality and resource management ................................................................................................................ 47 SESSION 8 – NATURAL DEPOSITS VS. FISHING, FISH PROCESSING AND CONSUMPTION EVIDENCE ................................ 48 László Bartosiewicz, Alfred Galik and Gábor Ilon. Troubled Waters: Fish e ai s f o Mé fő sa ak–Széles-földek, Hungary ............................................................................................................................................................................ 48 Gabriele Carenti. Garbage into the well: exploitation of fish in two historical phases of Sant'Antioco (SW Sardinia, Italy) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Lisa Yeomans. A pit full of fish: fishing and fish storage at the Late Islamic settlement of Freiha, Qatar ........................ 51 Wim Wouters. Fishing and eating plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from Roman to modern times in Belgium ................. 52 SESSION 9 – MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FISH REMAINS: ARCHAEOLOGY, WRITTEN AND ILLUSTRATED SOURCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 Richard C. Hoffmann. What can be learned from the fisheries regulations of late medieval Europe?............................. 53 Hans Christian Küchelmann. Hanseatic trade in the North Atlantic: the archaeozoological evidence ............................. 54 Rebecca Reynolds. The nature of Anglo-Saxon fishing and fish consumption: A Multi-disciplinary approach to the study of fish remains .................................................................................................................................................................. 55 Susan D. deFrance. Fishing and fish consumption in the colonial lower Mississippi valley: fish remains from European colonial and early American sites in the historic New Orleans French quarter ................................................................ 56 Arlene Fradkin. Fish illustrations of colonial America by artist-naturalist Mark Catesby and the ichthyo-archaeological record ................................................................................................................................................................................ 57 SESSION 10 – POSTER SESSION ......................................................................................................................................... 58 1.S10: COST - OPP Oceans Past Platform (OPP)………………………………………………………………………………... .......................... 58 Harry K. Robson. A reappraisal of eel fishing: new analysis on archaeological remains .................................................. 58 Rachelle E. V. Martyn, David Orton, Callum Roberts, George A. Wolff and Oliver Craig. In cod we trust: determining 15 long-term changes to North Sea ecosystems through δ N analysis of single amino acids from historic fish bone ........ 59 2.S10 - TAXONOMY, OSTEOMETRY, MOLECULAR ANALYSIS, AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL DATA .............................. 60 Els Thieren, Anton Ervynck, Dick Brinkhuizen, Alison Locker and Wim Van Neer. The Holocene occurrence of sturgeon in the southern North Sea ................................................................................................................................................. 60 Caroline Borges and Elise Dufour. When this fish was fished? Otolith sclerochronology in a Brazilian sambaqui .......... 61 Thomas C.A. Royle, George P. Nicholas and Dongya Y. Yang. Ancient DNA analysis of Late Period (3500 to 200 cal. years BP) archaeological fish remains from the Interior Plateau region of British Columbia, Canada ............................. 62 Dyliara N. Galimova, Igor V. Askeyev, Oleg V. Askeyev, Danijela Popo ić and Hanna Panagiotopoulou. The study of fish bones from medieval town of Staraya Ladoga. ................................................................................................................ 63 Suzanne Needs-Howarth and Alicia L. Hawkins. Diag osti à o es àfo àG eatàLakesàta aà e isited: Lessons from deposits with (mostly) whole fish ..................................................................................................................................... 65 Nayeli Jiménez Cano. Estimation of fish size from archaeological bones of marine catfishes (Ariopsis felis): assessing pre-Hispanic fisheries of two Mayan sites ........................................................................................................................ 66 Kathryn A. Mohlenhoff. El Niño and trans-Holocene trends in Eastern Pacific fish: a pilot study from Abrigo de los Escorpiones, Baja California .............................................................................................................................................. 67 3. S.10 - FISHING, FISH CONSUMPTION AND INTEGRATED ARCHAEOICHTHYOLOGICAL ANALYSIS………………………….... . 68 Àngel Blanco, Jordi Agustí, Hugues-Alexandre Blain, Robert Sala and Isidro Toro. Fish remains from the Early Pleistocene hominid site of Barranco León (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) ...................................................................... 68 I a aàŽi alje ić and Mili aàLopičić. Fishing the sensitive information: reconstructing fish processing practices from the Mesolithic-Neolithic Iron Gates (north-central Balkans) .................................................................................................. 70 Kenneth Ritchie. A Tale of Two Shell Deposits: aquatic resource use at the Copper Age site of Pietrele, Romania………………............................................................................................................................................................71 Barbara Wilkens. Fish remains from the Middle Ages well in via Satta at Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) .................................. 72 Jan K. Bakker. On an ichthyo-archaeological method to trace Jewish urban households. A study of fish remains from Post-Medieval Amsterdam and Medieval Cologne ........................................................................................................... 73 Miroslawa Zabilska-Kunek. Fishing methods used in the past from archaeological, archaeo-ichthyological and ethnographic perspective ................................................................................................................................................. 74 Lee Antonio Graña Nicolaou. Tackling fishbones: an integrated approach to Roman fisheries ....................................... 75 Main features of the ICAZ – FRWG Meetings: Table showing the numbes of participants, papers and posters presented .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 th Main features of the 18 ICAZ – FRWG, Portugal: Map illustrating the represented countries ...................................... 77 th List of participants and contributors to the 18 ICAZ – FRWG, Portugal ......................................................................... 78 MONDAY 28 8:45 9:30 9:35 10:10 10:30 10:50 11:10 11:20 11:30 12:00 12:10 12.40 12:30 12:50 13:50 Opening remarks Session 1. Taxonomy and molecular analysis 16:50 17:10 17:30 18.30 Session 8. Natural deposits vs. fishing, fish processing and consumption evidence THURSDAY 1 FRIDAY 2 SATURDAY 3 Coffee break Coffee break Session 5. Morphometry and osteometry Session 2. COST- Oceans Past Platform (OPP) Lunch Session 2. COSTOPP Session 6. Fish as palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental proxies – Isotopic data Session 9. Multi-disciplinary approaches to the study of fish remains: Archaeology, written and illustrated sources Lunch Lunch Session 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (1). South America and the Caribbean Session 10. Poster session S.10 (1) COST- Oceans Past Platform (OPP) Session 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (2). North America, Alaska and Asia 15:20 16:30 Session 4. Fish, ritual, feasting, and social status Coffee break 15:00 15:30 15:40 15:50 16:00 16.20 WEDNESDAY 30 Registration 14:00 14:20 14:40 TUESDAY 29 S.10 (2) Poster session S10 (2) Taxonomy, molecular analysis, palaeoenvironmental data, osteometry and morphometry Coffee break Session 3. Roman fisheries, and fish products Coffee break Coffee break Session 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (2). North America, Alaska and Asia Session 10. Poster session S10 (3) Fishing, fish consumption and general archaeoichthyological analysis Session 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (3). Europe Closing remarks and general discussion Proposals for the next FRWG FIELDTRIP 18th International Council for Archaeozoology – Fish Remains Working Group ICAZ-FRWG DETAILED SCHEDULE FOR CONFERENCE DAYS 28, 29 AND 30 SEPTEMBER 18TH ICAZ - FRWG FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments MONDAY 28 8:45 – 9:30 – REGISTRATION 9:35 – 10:09 – OPENING REMARKS: Sónia Gabriel Archaeosciences Laboratory (LARC) Luís Aires-Barros President of the Lisbon Geographic Society (SGL) Ana Cristina Martins Lisbon Geographic Society (SGL), President of the Archaeological division Nuno Vassalo e Silva Director of General Directorate for Cultural Heritage (DGPC) Ana Cristina Araújo Coordinator of the Archaeosciences Laboratory (LARC) Nuno Ferrand de Almeida Director of CIBIO - InBIO SESSION 1. Taxonomy and molecular analysis Chair: LEMBI LÕUGAS 1. 10:10 – 10:29 - JONES A.K.G.J., Widening the net. New approaches to the analysis of fish remains from archaeological sites: identifying the unidentifiable 2. 10:30 – 10:49 - )IVáLJEVIĆ I., Revealing an extirpated species: identification of cyprinid pharyngeal teeth from the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges 10:50 – 11:29 COFFEE BREAK SESSION 2. COST- Oceans Past Platform (OPP) Chair: ELIZABETH REITZ 11:30 – 11:39 - Paul HOLM, COSTOPP Project presentation 3. 12:00 – 12:19 - BARRETT J.H., ORTON D.C., HAMILTON-DYER S., CULLING M., HÄNFLING B., HANDLEY L., O CONNELLà T.“.,à ‘ICHá‘D“à M.P. and HUTCHINSON W.F. The globalization of naval provisioning: stable isotope and aDNA analyses of stored cod from the wreck of the Mary Rose, AD 1545 4. 12:20 – 12:39 - HARLAND J., From the fish middens to the herring: Archaeological and historical evidence for later medieval and early modern fishing in the Northern Isles, Scotland 12:40 – 13:49 LUNCH 5. 13:50 – 14:09 - LÕUGAS L., Long and short distance fish trade during the Middle Ages in the eastern Baltic region 6. 14:10 – 14:29 - MAKOWIEKI D., Fishàfau aài àKoło zegàa dàGdańskà et ee à thàa dà for diversity and changes thà e tu :à‘easo sà 7. 14:30 – 14:49 - RANNAMÄE E. and LÕUGAS L., Fish consumption and assertion of trade with coastal regions in medieval Karksi and Viljandi, Estonia 8 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments 8. 14:50 – 15:09 - MYLONA D., Fishing and fish eating in the southern Aegean through time. Fishing traditions and innovations 9. 15:10 – 15:29 - ROSELLÓ-IZQUIERDO E., GONZÁLEZ-GÓMEZ E.A., FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ C., MORALESMUÑIZ A. The Iberian medieval fisheries: a search for origins 15:30 – 16:19 COFFEE BREAK SESSION 3. Roman fisheries, and fish products Chair: WIM VAN NEER 10. 16:20 – 16:39 - DUTTING M., Fish and fishing in the northern part of the Roman Empire: the evidence from the Netherlands 11. 16:40 – 16:59 - GRAINGER S., Roman fish sauces: amphorae shape, fish sauce residues and the practicalities of supply 12. 17:00 – 17:19 - NICHOLSON R., More sauce from the Thames: fish and fishing in and around the Thames estuary, England 13. 17:20 – 17:39 - THEODOROPOULOU T., SÁEZ-ROMERO A.M., WILLIAMS Ch. K., From beyond the Pillars of Herakles to the East: a fresh look at the remains of salted fish and transport amphorae from the Punic Amphora Building at Corinth 14. 17:40 – 17:59 - PIQUÈS G., TILLIER M., DJAOUI D., SANCHEZ C., Sauces and salted-fish for sailors: palaeocontent analysis of jars from the ports of Gallia Narbonensis 15. 18:00 – 18:19 - BERNAL-CASASOLA D., MARLASCA R., EXPÓSITO-ÁLVAREZ J.A., RODRIGUEZ J.J.D. Roman Tuna fish and Garum from Baelo Claudia. Recent archaeozoological evidence TUESDAY 29 SESSION 4. Fish, ritual, feasting, and social status Chair: PHILIPPE BÉAREZ 16. 9:30 – 9:49 - VAN NEER W., A Greco-Roman votive deposit of fish at Oxyrhynchus (Al Bahnasa, Egypt) 17. 9:50 – 10:09 - JONES S. and LANDON W., Fishing, feasting and friendship; a cross cultural comparison of fish rituals in maritime contexts (c. 1500-1900) 18. 10:10 – 10:29 - REITZ E., Charleston, South Carolina (USA): A case study of fish as evidence of social status and environmental impact 19. 10:30 – 10:49 - LERNAU O. Fish consumption in the Beit Shean Valley as studied in two major excavations: Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov 10:50 – 11:29 COFFEE BREAK SESSION 5. Morphometry and osteometry Chair: REBECCA NICHOLSON 20. 11:30 – 11:49 - SAMPER-CARRO S. LOUYS J., HAWKINS S. and O'CONNOR S., A geometric morphometric approach to shape variation in fish vertebrae for taxonomic and habitat identification 9 18th International Council for Archaeozoology – Fish Remains Working Group ICAZ-FRWG 21. 11:50 – 12:09 - MARTÍNEZ-POLANCO M.F., JIMENÉZ M. and COOKE R., Estimating body length of two pufferfish species (Diodon) to predict the size of archaeological individuals from two sites of different ages and palaeohabitats in the Pearl Island Archipelago, Panama SESSION 6. Fish as palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental proxies – Isotopic data Chair: JAMES BARRETT 22. 12:10 – 12:29- DUFOUR E., JOUSSE H., and SERENO P., Isotopic sclerochronology provides insight into fishing seasonality in a palaeo-lake at Gobero (Niger) during the mid-Holocene 23. 12:30 – 12:49 - HÄBERLE S., SCHIBLER J. and PLOGMANN H.H., Stable Isotope ratios of archaeological and modern fish bone collagen reflect interactions between men, fish and aquatic ecosystems 12:50 – 13:59 LUNCH SESSION 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (1). South America and Caribbean Chair: VIRGINIA BUTLER 24. 14:00 – 14:19 - BÉAREZ P., GEOPFERT N. and CHRISTOL A. Bayovar 1: A pre-Hispanic fish-processing camp in the Sechura Desert, Northern Peru 25. 14:20 – 14:39 - BORGES C. and GROUARD S. Tracking fish and fishing practices over time in sambaquis of the Santos estuarine complex, southeastern Brazil (4900 – 1900 years BP) SESSION 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (2). North America, Alaska and Asia Chair: RICHARD HOFFMANN 26. 14:40 – 14:59 - BUTLER V. The effects of mega-earthquakes on northeast Pacific fish populations over the past 2000 years 27. 15:00 – 15:19 - KRYLOVICH O. Decline of Rock greenlings from Adak Island (Aleutian Islands, Alaska) 28. 15:20 – 15:39 - ZHANG Y., FULLER D., QIN L. and MARTIN L. The Rice-fish Economy: wetland fishing and rice cultivation in the Neolithic of the lower Yangtze River region, China 15:40 – 16:29 COFFEE BREAK SESSION 7. Fishing cultures of the World: environmental and human impact on fish resources S.7 (3). Europe Chair: DANIEL MAKOWIEKI 29. 16:30 – 16:49 - NURMINEN K., Burbot (Lota lota) and winter fishing in Finland during the Stone Age 30. 16:50 – 17:09 - ROBSON H. and ANDERSEN S.H., Eel fishing in the Mariager Fjord during the Ertebølle and Funnel Beaker cultures: new archaeo-ichthyological data from the kitchen midden at Thygeslund 31. 17:10 – 17:29 - RITCHIE K., The Chalcolithic fishery at Pietrele, Romania described from fish and fishing technology remains 32. 17:30 – 17:49 - ROSELLÓ-IZQUIERDO E., ROS-SALA M.M., LÓPEZ-PADILLA J.A. and MORALES-MUÑIZ A., Fishing in the Iberian Bronze Age: The fishes from the Cabezo Pardo and Cerro De Los Gavilanes 10 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments 33. 17:50 – 18:09 - BLANCO A. and AGUSTÍ J., Fish remains from the Neolithic site of El Mirador (Atapuerca, Spain): seasonality and resource management WEDNESDAY 30 SESSION 8. Natural deposits vs. fishing, fish processing and consumption evidence Chair: ARTURO MORALES 34. 9:30 – 9:49 - BARTOSIEWICZ L., GALIK A. and GÁBOR I., T ou ledàWate s:àFishà e ai sàf o àM Széles-földek, Hungary fő sa ak– 35. 9:50 – 10:09 - CARENTI G., Garbage into the well: exploitation of fish in two different historical phases of Sant'Antioco (SW Sardinia, Italy) 36. Qatar 10:10 – 10:29 - YEOMANS L., A pit full of fish: fishing and fish storage at the Late Islamic settlement of Freiha, 37. 10:30 – 10:49 - WOUTERS W., Fishing and eating plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from Roman to modern times in Belgium 10:50 – 11:19 COFFEE BREAK SESSION 9. Multi-disciplinary approaches to the study of fish remains: Archaeology, written and illustrated sources Chair: HEIDE H. PLOGMANN 38. 11:20 – 11:39 - HOFFMAN R., What can be learned from the fisheries regulations of late medieval Europe? 39. 11:40 – 11:59 - KÜCHELMANN C., Hanseatic trade in the North Atlantic: the archaeozoological evidence 40. 12:00 – 12:19 - REYNOLDS R., The nature of Anglo-Saxon fishing and fish consumption: A Multi-disciplinary approach to the study of fish remains 41. 12:10 – 12:49 - DeFRANCE S., Fishing and fish consumption in the colonial lower Mississippi valley: fish remains from European colonial and early American sites in the historic New Orleans French quarter 42. 12:30 – 12:49 - FRADKIN A., Fish illustrations of colonial America by artist-naturalist Mark Catesby and the ichthyo-archaeological record 12:50 – 14:00 LUNCH SESSION 10. Poster Session S.10 (1) COST- Oceans Past Platform (OPP) Chair: SÓNIA GABRIEL COSTOPP P1. 14:10 – 14:29 - ROBSON H., A reappraisal of eel fishing: new analysis on archaeological remains P2. 14:30 – 14:39 - MARTYN R., ORTON D., ROBERTS C., WOLFF G.A. and CRAIG O., In cod we trust: determining 15 long-term changes to North Sea ecosystems through δ N analysis of single amino acids from historic fish bone 11 18th International Council for Archaeozoology – Fish Remains Working Group ICAZ-FRWG SESSION 10. Poster Session S.10 (2) Taxonomy, molecular analysis, palaeoenvironmental data, osteometry and morphometry Chair: KENNETH RITCHIE P3. 14:40 – 14:49 - THIEREN E., ERVYNCK A., BRINKHUIZEN D., LOCKER A. and VAN NEER W., The Holocene occurrence of sturgeon in the southern North Sea P4. 14:50 – 14:59 - BORGES C. and DUFOUR E., When this fish was fished? Otolith sclerochronology in a Brazilian sambaqui 15:00 – 15:09 - ROYLE T., NICHOLAS G.P. and YANG D.Y., Ancient DNA analysis of Late Period (3500 to 200 cal. years BP) archaeological fish remains from the Interior Plateau region of British Columbia, Canada P5. 15:10 – 15:19 - GALIMOVA D., ASKEYEV I.V., ASKEYEV O.V., POPOVIĆ D.and PANAGIOTOPOULOU H., The study of fish bones from medieval town of Staraya Ladoga. P6. P7. 15:20 – 15:29 - NEEDS-HOWARTH S. and HAWKINS A., Diag osti à bones à fo à Great Lakes taxa revisited: Lessons from deposits with (mostly) whole fish P8. 15:30 – 15:39 - JIMÉNEZ-CANO N., Estimation of fish size from archaeological bones of marine catfishes (Ariopsis felis): assessing pre-Hispanic fisheries of two Mayan sites P9. 15:40 – 15:49 - MOHLENHOFF K., El Niño and trans-Holocene trends in Eastern Pacific fish: a pilot study from Abrigo de los Escorpiones, Baja California) 15:50 – 16:19 COFFEE BREAK SESSION 10. Poster Session S.10 (3) Fishing, fish consumption and integrated Archaeoichthyological analysis Chair: TATIANA THEODOROPOULOU P10. 16:20 – 16:29 - BLANCO A., AGUSTÍ J., BLAIN H.A., SALA R. and TORO I. Fish remains from the Early Pleistocene hominid site of Barranco León (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) P11. 16:30 – 16:39 - )IVáLJEVIĆ I.àa dàLOPIČIĆ M. Fishing the sensitive information: reconstructing fish processing practices from the Mesolithic-Neolithic Iron Gates (north-central Balkans) P12. 16:40 – 16:49 - RITCHIE K. A Tale of Two Shell Deposits: aquatic resource use at the Copper Age site of Pietrele, Romania P13. 16:50 – 16:59 - WILKENS B. Fish remains from the Middle Ages well in via Satta at Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) P14. 17:00 – 17:09 - BAKKER J. On an ichthyo-archaeological method to trace Jewish urban households. A study of fish remains from Post-Medieval Amsterdam and Medieval Cologne P15. 17:10 – 17:19 - ZABILSKA-KUNEK M. Fishing methods used in the past from archaeological, archaeoichthyological and ethnographic perspective P16. 17:20 – 17:29 - GRAÑA L. Tackling fishbones: an integrated approach to Roman fisheries 17:30 – 18:15 Closing remarks and general discussion: LÁSLÓ BARTOSIEWICZ Proposals for the next FRWG 12 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments THURSDAY 1, FRIDAY 2 AND SATURDAY 3 FIELD TRIP 13 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 1 - TAXONOMY AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS CHAIR: LEMBI LÕUGAS Widening the net. New approaches to the analysis of fish remains from archaeological sites: identifying the unidentifiable Andrew K. G. Jones 5 Newton Terrace, York YO1 6HE, England Abstract The last 40 years have seen many significant advances to the analysis of fish remains which have done much to increase the value of our studies to archaeologists, historians, fishery managers and the general public. Nevertheless, many challenges remain. The widespread use of sieving on excavations has done much, but we must acknowledge that many, dare I say most, of the fish remains recovered remain unidentified once post-excavation analysis and publication are complete. Several reasons account for this woeful situation. The detailed osteological descriptions produced by 19 th and early 20thC comparative anatomists are still lacking for many important food fishes. Accessible and well curated reference collections of fish bones, otoliths and scales are still widely scattered and often lack important species. Computer and internet based resources designed to assist identification can be frustrating to use, and like many reference collections, do not contain all distinctive elements and may lack important species. Recent developments in mass spectroscopy, particularly the analysis of protein sequences in fish collagen has potential to meet some of the challenges outlined above. This paper is a call to assemble an international team of researchers who will collaborate to investigate the limits of this new technology and help transform archaeoichthyology from a subject based on 19thC comparative anatomy into one which uses all the tools of 21stC science. Keywords: mass spectroscopy, identification, unidentifiable fragments 14 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Revealing an extirpated species: identification of cyprinid pharyngeal teeth from the MesolithicNeolithic Danube Gorges I a a Ži alje ić Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia Abstract This paper presents and discusses the results of the first archaeozoological and DNA analysis of cyprinid pharyngeal teeth uncovered at Mesolithic-Neolithic sites in the Danube Gorges (North-Central Balkans) in the 1960s and the 1970s. Found primarily in burials, they caught the attention of early researchers and e eà e og izedàasàg a eàgoodsàspe ifi àtoàtheà egio à “ ejo ićàa dàLeti a,à ;àBo o ea ţ,à .à‘e e tà technological, use-wear and residue analyses C istia ià a dà Bo ićà 12; Cristiani et al. 2014) have shown that they were worn as appliqués attached to clothing by sinew threads and/or binding compounds. However, until recently, no precise species identification has been undertaken, and the teeth have been identified to the family level only. Continuing archaeozoological and DNA analysis has demonstrated that a single species was targeted for the production of teeth appliqués - Rutilus frisii (vyrezub, pearlfish), which has not so far been documented in the Middle-Lower Danube in the historical record. At present, this species inhabits the Аzov, Caspian and Black Sea basins, but is absent in the Danube drainage apart from landlocked lake populations in Austria, where they are commonly referred to as Rutilus meidingeri (Kottelat and Freyhof, 2007). In terms of genetics, recent studies have shown that there are no significant differences between the populations in the Austrian lakes and the populations in the Black and Caspian sea basins (Kottlík et al. 2008). The occurrence of Rutilus frisii remains in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Danube Gorges of the Balkans further demonstrates that the past habitat of the species has been wider and included the whole stretch of the Danube at least up to the Middle Holocene. In addition to discussing new archaeozoological and genetic data on Rutilus frisii, my paper emphasizes the importance of precise cyprinid pharyngeal teeth identification in revealing the diversity of the prehistoric Danubian fish fauna and the geographical distribution of fish species which have long been extirpated. Keywords: Rutilus frisii, cyprinid pharyngeal teeth, ornaments, Mesolithic, Neolithic References Bo o ea ţ,à V.,à .à Les enterrements de Schela Cladovei: nouvelles données, in: Vermeersch, P.M., Van Peer, P. (Eds.), Contributions to the Mesolithic in Europe (Papers presented at theà Fou thà I te atio alà “ posiu à Theà Mesolithi ài àEu ope ,àLeu e à ). Leuven University Press, Leuven, pp. 121-126. C istia i,àE.,àBo ić,à D.,à .à -Year-old Late Mesolithic garment embroidery from Vlasac (Serbia): Technological, use-wear and residue analyses. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(11), 3450–3469. Cristiani, E.,àŽi alje ić,àI., Bo ić,àD., 2014. Residue analysis and ornament suspension techniques in prehistory: cyprinid pharyngeal teeth beads from Late Mesolithic burials at Vlasac (Serbia). Journal of Archaeological Science 46, 292-310. Kotlík, P., Marková, S., Choleva, L., Bogutskaya, N., Ekmekçi, F.G., Ivanova, P., 2008. Divergence with gene flow between Ponto-Caspian refugia in an anadromous cyprinid Rutilus frisii revealed by multiple gene phylogeography. Molecular Ecology (2008)17, 1076–1088. Kottelat, M., Freyhof, J., 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Imprimerie du Démocrate SA, Délemont. “ ejo ić,àD.,àLeti a,à).,à .àVlasa .àMezolitskoà aseljeàuàĐe dapuà Iàa heologija). Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, Belgrade. 15 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 2 – COST-OCEANS PAST PLATFORM (OPP) CHAIR: ELIZABETH REITZ The globalization of naval provisioning: stable isotope and aDNA analyses of stored cod from the wreck of the Mary Rose, AD 1545 James H Barrett1, David C Orton2, Sheila Hamilton-Dyer3, Mark Culling4, Bernd Hänfling4, Lori Lawson Handley4, Ta si C O’Co ell1, Michael P Richards5 and William F Hutchinson4 1 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, United Kingdom 2 Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO1 7EP, United Kingdom 3 5 Suffolk Avenue, Shirley, Southampton, SO15 5EF, United Kingdom 4 Evolutionary Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom 5 Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 6303 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada Abstract The growth of long-range trade in high-bulk staple products in medieval and post-medieval Europe underpinned the development of urbanized market economies, colonialism, empires and concomitant environmental impacts. Concurrent with conquest and deforestation for increased cash-crop production, these periods saw the expansion of extensive sea fishing. Historical research, zooarchaeological evidence and stable isotope analysis of archaeological fish bones all indicate that preserved Arctic Norwegian and North Atlantic cod were increasingly transported to consumers around the North Sea – particularly expanding urban populations – between the 11th and 16th centuries. An open question is whether the requirements of naval provisioning may also have played a role in the development of extensive sea fisheries and, concurrently, whether the availability of preserved fish from distant seas helped sustain Eu ope sàfi stà a ies.àThisà uestio àisàespe iall àpe ti e tàfo àtheà th century, which saw both the birth of European trans-Atlantic colonialism and a growing importance of sea power in increasingly global conflicts. An unparalleled opportunity to investigate the role of fish in early naval provisioning is provided by cod bones recovered from the Mary Rose – a Tudor warship which sank in the Solent, southern England, in 1545 while sailing with crew and provisions to military action. New methods for investigating stable isotopes provide a promising way to detect non-local imports of cod and genetic markers have proven useful for studying population differentiation in marine fish. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are especially well suited for identifying source populations using DNA from archaeological samples because they combine the power to detect even weak structuring on a small geographical scale with their ability to genotype highly degraded ancient DNA samples. Be auseàtheàsta leàisotopeàdataàe plo edà δ13Càa dàδ15N) reflect diet, whereas genetic markers reflect heredity and adaptation, the methods are independent. Thus together they can provide complementary information on the source of traded fish. We explore the potential and limitations of these approaches, while addressing the role of military provisioning in creating demand for preserved fish from distant waters, and of distant food sources in underpinning the provisioning of a navy. Keywords: stable isotope analysis, ancient DNA, cod, fish trade, globalization 16 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments From the fish middens to the herring: Archaeological and historical evidence for later medieval and early modern fishing in the Northern Isles, Scotland Jennifer Harland Archaeology Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Scotland Abstract The heyday of Viking Age and medieval fishing in the Northern Isles of Scotland can be traced in the huge deposits of fish bones that appear circa AD 1000. This "fish event horizon", as it has come to be known, is a phenomenon now recognized throughout Europe. It can be explained by numerous factors, including Christian fasting, the rise of urbanism, and developing market economies. However, a few hundred years later, fishing in the Northern Isles had taken a dramatic downturn. Small-scale, subsistence fishing in relatively safe coastal waters became the norm. Early modern writers deplored the state of fishing in the islands in the late 18th century, while repeated attempts to develop commercial fisheries floundered due to lack of knowledge and investment. This paper examines archaeological evidence for the decline of fishing, looking at the fish bones from later medieval and early modern sites. Using estimates of fish sizes, species present and historical sources, it reconstructs fishing methods and likely fishing grounds, and asks why there was such a striking decline in fishing fortunes in the Northern Isles. The curious absence of herring bones from the archaeological record will also be discussed, a particularly relevant and perplexing question given that the herring industry became so important to the Northern Isles in recent centuries. Keywords: Scotland, late medieval, early modern, herring 17 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Long and short distance fish trade during the Middle Ages in the eastern Baltic region Lembi Lõugas Institute of History, Tallinn University, Rüütli 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia Abstract Fish was an important food for people living in Medieval towns, especially during the fast. According to written sources the assortment of fish was very varied in Medieval markets both in the form of raw as well as processed fish. The knowledge obtained from the accounting books of Medieval towns concerns the fish species sold in markets as well as the sources and destinations of the trade in fish. However the archaeological evidence from these towns demonstrates local fisheries and it is not always possible to detect the distances involved in the trade of fish. The latter is based on our knowledge of fish distribution in local or distant water bodies. In the eastern Baltic region the long distance trade of fish basically means trade from the Atlantic side, whereas short distance means trade from neighbouring areas. However, there are no criteria for distinguishing between local fishing from the short distance trade and the archaeological fish bones, especially when the habitats of fish are similar in both areas. In this paper the data from the Medieval accounting books of Tallinn (Reval) - one of the Hanseatic trade centres, and the archaeological material excavated from different Medieval towns are compared in order to ascertain similarities and/or differences in fish trade and consumption. This comparison of two different source materials (written and archaeological) will provide somewhat different information on fish and the role of fish in markets. Keywords: fish trade, fish bones, Medieval, Tallinn, Baltic Sea 18 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Fish fau a i Koło rzeg a d Gdańsk et ee 9th and 15th century. Reasons for diversity and changes Daniel Makowiecki Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 Torun, Poland Abstract From the 9th–10th e tu ào a dsàKoło zegàa dàGda skà e eàa o gàtheà ostài po ta tà e t esài àtheà southern coastal region of the Baltic Sea. This is very clearly confirmed both by archaeological discoveries and historical records, which provide an excellent opportunity to trace the main stages of cultural, social, political and economic development in both towns. As far as fish remains are concerned, thousands of these have been systematically collected during multiple seasons of excavation in different areas and representing each stage of historical development. They have formed the basis for a number of detailed studies into aspects of fish and the importance of fishing, which have already been discussed in several papers (Zbierski 1976, Leciejewicz 1991) and book chapters (Makowiecki 2003). In both centres it was possible to emphasize one feature of fishing, e.g. herring in Koło zegàa dàstu geo ài àGda sk.àThisàpape à presents a comparative review of fish fauna in both towns from the early medieval to the post-medieval period. The main goal is to present fish taxa and their diversity and significance in dietary, social and historical contexts. The similarities and differences between the compared centres are also considered. Keywords: Middle Ages, fishing, south Baltic coast, settlements, towns References Leciejewicz L., 1991. Zum frühmittelalterlichen Heringshandel im südlichen Ostseegebiet, Zeitschrift für Archäologie, 25, 209–214. Mako ie kiàD.,à .àHisto iaà àià ołó st aà àholo e ieà aàNiżuàPolski à àś ietleà adańàa heoi htiologi z h (History of fishes and fishing in Holocene on Polish Lowland in the light of archaeoichthyological studies), Instytut á heologiiàiàEt ologiiàPáN,àPoz ań. ) ie skià á.,à .à I hth ologi alà studiesà o à fishi gà i à Gdańskà i à theà th-11th centuries based on archaeological materials from Pomerania, Archaeologia Polona, 17, 247–255. 19 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fish consumption and assertion of trade with coastal regions in medieval Karksi and Viljandi, Estonia Eve Rannamäe1 and Lembi Lõugas2 1 Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Department of Archaeobiology, Institute of History, Tallinn University, Rüütli 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia 2 Abstract Historical evidence from towns and castles demonstrates that fish were an important resource during the Middle Ages in Estonia (13th to 16th centuries AD). The variability of species and the relative frequencies (NISP) of fish remains imply a certain amount of trade between the coast and the interior. In this paper comparison is made between the fish bone assemblages recovered from the Medieval castles at Karksi and the contemporaneous castle and town at Viljandi. Since both sites are situated inland, discussion on coastal-hinterland trade will be presented. In addition social differences within theà to sà population will be outlined, and comparisons will be made with other sites in Estonia. In brief, a large quantity of fish remains, including several freshwater and marine taxa, the latter from the Baltic Sea basin and the Atlantic, were recovered from Karksi. In addition numerous remains of juvenile do esti atedà li esto kà i di ateà thatà theà astle sà i ha ita tsà e eà ofà aà highe à so ialà status.à Despiteà theà smaller assemblage from Viljandi, located 20 km away, a similar pattern was observed. However differences in the consumption of certain taxa between the castle and the town were identified. Keywords: Middle Ages, Livonia, coastal trade, fish consumption 20 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Fishing and fish eating in the southern Aegean through time. Fishing traditions and innovations Dimitra Mylona Institute for Aegean Prehistory, Study Centre for East Crete, Greece Abstract Intensive archaeological research and a broadening of the research agenda to include an interest in bioarchaeological remains, have lead, in the last few decades, to the accumulation of a rich body of fishing related remains. These include both fish bones and fishing tools from archaeological sites on the southern Aegean coasts, both mainland and insular. These data indicate diachronic trends in the exploitation of marine resources in the area. I shall present the available data and describe the main features of the exploited fish populations. These highlight the persistent and shifting choices made by fishermen and consumers from Neolithic to Roman times. Resource availability, technological possibilities and culinary preferences are all considered as equally important factors in the shaping of fishing and fish eating strategies in particular periods. I shall discuss the emergence of fishing and fish eating traditions that are still alive in the Aegean today. Keywords: fishing traditions, fishing, fish eating, South Aegean, fish bones 21 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG The Iberian medieval fisheries: a search for origins Eufrasia Roselló Izquierdo1, Eduardo González Gómez de Agüero2, Carlos Fernández Rodríguez2 and Arturo Morales Muñiz1 1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Departamento de Historia, Universidad de León, Spain 2 Abstract The origin and development of the Iberian medieval fisheries is a poorly documented phenomenon both from the standpoint of historical (documentary) and material (archaeological) evidence. Such dearth of knowledge can be explained in terms of proximal (i.e., a deficient retrieval of fish remains) and ultimate auses.ààá o gàtheàlatte ,àtheàMusli ài asio ,àthatàlastedà a.à à ea sàofàtheà edie alà ille iu ài à the Iberian Peninsula, needs to be taken into account as it probably delayed the development of fishing fleets within the Christian kingdoms for a substantial period of time. Be it as it may, the lack of knowledge does not allow one to explore a range of critical issues of Spanish and Portuguese history, such as the role played by the ever-expanding fishing fleets of Portugal and Castilla in the process of maritime discovery and colonization that these two kingdoms fostered by the end of the Middle Ages. In this paper, the results from a comparative analysis of selected fish assemblages from primary (i.e. coastal) deposits of the northern Iberian shores are presented. The aim is to check whether changes can be documented both at the level of (1) the range of species occurring in sites from the late Iron Age (Castreña culture, IV-IBC) to the Early Middle Ages (VII AD), and (2) the skeletal spectra of certain species that could reveal a differential processing of taxa meant for local consumption and those that appear in inland sites. Keywords: Fish, Fishing, Northern Iberia, Medieval age 22 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments SESSION 3 – ROMAN FISHERIES, AND FISH PRODUCTS CHAIR: WIM VAN NEER Fish and fishing in the northern part of the Roman Empire: evidence from the Netherlands Monica K. Dütting Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Abstract Preservation of fish remains from archaeological sites tends to be excellent in most parts of the Netherlands, due to wetland conditions. Furthermore, finds that provide information on fishing, such as wooden fish traps, metal hooks, and stone, ceramic and metal net-sinkers have been excavated. Until now however, there has been no comprehensive study of ancient fishing practices in the Netherlands. A first attempt is now being undertaken for the Roman period, in an area under Roman jurisdiction. Roman period sites in the Netherlands have been the subject of continuous study over the last fifty years. As the River Rhine formed the northern border of the Roman Empire, finds in this region come from both military and civilian sites. These range from farmsteads and hamlets to watchtowers, forts, harbours, and urban centres. All available excavated fish remains from these sites are being (re-)studied to understand which species were consumed by the inhabitants, both native and Roman(ized). Information on fishing equipment was gathered from site and specialist reports, and by studying finds from archaeological depots. By bringing together this information with site type, occupation and period, we provide, for the first time, an integrated view of consumption, production and trade of fish and fish products in Roman Netherlands. Keywords: fishing, Roman, limes, military, civilian, the Netherlands 23 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Roman fish sauces: amphora shape, fish sauce residues and the practicalities of supply Sally Grainger Independent scholar (BA Ancient History, MA archaeology) Timberua, Glen Road, Grayshott, Hindhead, Surrey, GU266NB, England Abstract The amphorae designed to transport preserved fish products in the Roman world come in a great variety of shapes and sizes and we are currently unable to recognise whether a fish sauce or a salted fish product was shipped in the various vessels. There are so many subtle differences between the shapes of fish sauce amphorae and it seems self evident that at least initially the differences were related to the various kinds and qualities of fish products rather than the simple need for the potter or manufacturer to identify themselves via elaborate amphorae shapes. There is considerable doubt and inconsistency among experts how to distinguish between the fish bones found in and around amphorae that were originally a solid product and those that formed the residue of a sauce. Cu e tl à spe ies à lupeifo e,à spa ids , estimated size (under c. 10cm), and state of bone preservation (poor), as well as find site (land rather than shipwreck), are the criteria used to distinguish a sauce (Desse-Berset and Desse 2000). However, ocasionally larger fish such as mackerel could make a high quality sauce and it is now possible to suggest that fish sauces were shipped with their bone residue which is necessarily well preserved (Grainger 2013). The current consensus on the meaning of the various tituli picti that designate these products also indicates that salted fish and fish sauce were shipped indiscriminately in the various vessels: there is no discernable pattern in the use of the various amphora shapes. Vessels that ship garum or liquamen, clearly a sauce, could equally have been used to transport a product such as cord(yla) - understood to have been a form of salted tuna or a saxitanus: understood to be a form of mackerel f o àtheàepig aphi àe ide e.àThisà e essa il à ea sàthatà eàha eàsi pleà p ese e à a dà a se e àpatte sàofàdist i utio àofàfishàp odu tsà ithi àtheà‘o a àE pi eàa dàthisà illà e ai à hileà we are unable to be more precise about what is being distributed when fish amphorae appear in large numbers without epigraphic or osteological evidence. I shall re-consider the nature of fish amphora in relation to the residues of the various products and offer a new interpretation of their use. Keywords: Roman fish sauce, fish bone residues, amphora, muria, liquamen, garum References Grainger, S. 2013 Roman fish sauce: fish bone residues and the practicalities of supply, in Irit Zohar and Arlene Fradkin (eds) Fish and fishing: Archaeological, Anthropological, Taphonomical and Ecological perspectives, Proceedings of the nd th I.C.A.Z Fish remains working group, Jerusalem, October 22 – 30 2011 p.12-28 Desse-Be setà N.à a dà Desseà J.à à “alsa e ta,à ga u ,à età aut esà p epa atio sà deà poisso .à Ceà u e à dise tà lesà os Méla ges de L’é ole F a aise de Ro e A ti uités 112 pp. 73-97. 24 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments More sauce from the Thames: fish and fishing in and around the Thames estuary, England Rebecca Nicholson Oxford Archaeology, Janus House, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK. Abstract Excavations at Standford Wharf Nature Reserve, on the northern bank of the Thames estuary in Essex, south-eastern England, uncovered evidence for Iron Age and Roman salt production. A dense concentration of salt-encrusted remains of tiny fish and crustacea, probably shrimp, in a ditch fill dating to the Late Roman period suggests the local manufacture of a salted fish product, probably allec. The deposit contrasts with a concentration of bones from whole, juvenile clupeids previously discovered at Peninsula House, London, which were interpreted as evidence of local garum manufacture (Bateman and Locker 1982). The kinds of fish represented in the deposit from Stanford Wharf are very typical of fish found today in the nearby Thames estuary, which strongly suggests that fishing took place close by, using fine nets suspended in mid-water. The similarity between the fish fauna from Standford Wharf and those present in the tidal Thames today demonstrates the improvement in water quality that has taken place in the Thames as a result of human action over the last century. Although the origins and extent of fish sauce production are unknown, it is possible that it may have begun as a response to the disruption in trade from the rest of the Roman empire. Keywords: fish sauce, Roman, Stanford Wharf, Thames estuary References Bateman, N. and Locker, A. (1982). The sauce of the Thames. The London Archaeologist 4 (8), 204-7. 25 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG From beyond the Pillars of Herakles to the East: a fresh look at the remains of salted fish and transport amphorae from the Punic Amphora Building at Corinth Tatiana Theodoropoulou1 and Antonio M. Sáez Romero2 1 Equipe de Protohistoire Egéenne, CNRS-UMR7041, Maison René Ginouvès, 21 allée de l'Université, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France 2 Grupo de Investigación HUM-440, Área de Arqueología (Universidad de Cádiz), Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Avda. Dr. Gómez Ulla, s/n 11003, Cádiz, España Abstract Although archaeo-ichthyological studies in the Aegean are increasing, the discovery of remains associated with processed fish from the Classical and Roman periods remains scarce. The earliest faunal material found in Greece so far comes from the so-called Punic Amphora Building at Corinth (mid-5th c. BC). The abundant remains of fish found together with Punic transport amphorae have been interpreted as evidence for an important trade of tarichos (the ancient term for preserved fish) between the West and the East as early as the 5th century BC (Zimmermann-Munn 2003). More western Punic amphorae found at Olympia and Athens, as well as quotes in the Greek literary sources of the 5th c. BC confirm the importance of these trading links. The first publication of the archaeological assemblage from Corinth underlined the commercial role of the building (Williams, 1978, 1979, 1980; Williams and Fisher 1976). The amphorae and fish bones were found together in the courtyard of the building, mixed with other Greek imports (wine) and some Carthaginian amphorae. Archaeometric analysis of the western Punic vessels (Maniatis et al. 1984) indicated two different groups of fabrics, suitable for wet and dry contents. At the same time, only brief accounts of the fish bones have been included in the first publication of the archaeological assemblage. Fish remains, essentially consisting of packs of scales, scarce vertebrae and cranial bones, were primarily attributed to tunny and gilthead sea bream. A new thorough study of the faunal material provides a detailed account of the fish bones and suggests how these fish were processed. The faunal analysis is part of a larger integrated project, including an updated study of the Punic imports found in the building (including both western and central Mediterranean amphorae). Increasing data in the last decades concerning the typology of amphorae and their fabrics, archaeo-ichthyological remains, and the excavation of several fish-salting plants and pottery workshops in the western Punic cities allows us to review the initial hypothesis published for the finds of the Punic Amphora Building, a major reference in the international commercialization of fish by-products from the Straits of Gibraltar region in the Classical period. Keywords: Tuna, Tarichos, Salsamenta, Greece, Corinth, Punic amphorae 26 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments References Maniatis, Y., Jones, R.E., Whitbread, I.K., Kostikas, A., Simopoulos, A., Karakalos, Ch., Williams II, C. K., 1984. Punic amphoras found in Corinth, Greece: an investigation of their origin and technology. Journal of Field Archaeology 11, 207–222. Williams II, C. K., 1978. Corinth 1977: Forum Southwest. Hesperia 47, 1–39. Williams II, C. K., 1979. Corinth 1978: Forum Southwest. Hesperia 48, 105–144. Williams II, C. K., 1980. Corinth Excavations. Hesperia 49, 107–134. Williams II, C. K., Fisher, J. E., 1976. Corinth 1975: Forum Southwest. Hesperia 45, 99–162. Zimmerman Munn, M.-L., 2003. Corinthian trade with the Punic West in the Classical period. In: Williams, C. K., Bookidis, N. (Eds.), Corinth. The Centenary 1896-1996. Results of Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 195–217. 27 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Sauces and salted-fish for sailors: palaeocontent analysis of jars from the ports of Gallia Narbonensis Gaël Piquès1, Margaux Tillier1, David Djaoui2,3 and Corinne Sanchez1 1 ASM - Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR5140, Univ Paul-Valéry Montpellier, CNRS, MCC, F-34000 Montpellier, France 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, CCJ UMR 7299, F-13628 Aix en Provence, France 3 Musée départemental Arles antique, F-13200, Arles, France Abstract This paper focuses on the analysis of the palaeo-contents of a class of Roman jars found in southern Gaul. These jars produced in the Latium are known in Ostia under the designation « Ostia II-401 ». In Gaul, they are only attested in ports, especially Arles, Narbonne and Marseille (Djaoui et al., 2014). Their absence from terrestrial sites suggests they belonged to sailors. The discovery of two jars containing fish remains, one in Pompeii and the other in the ancient port of Narbonne (Port-La-Nautique) had led the pottery specialists to identify these ceramics as « garum jars ». Reviewing thirty of these jars from different collections, allowed us to confirm that these pots contained fish-based products. In fact 34 of 38 studied jars still contained remains of fish caught in the pitch which had been smeared on the inside walls. The contents of six of these jars were sampled and sieved. They provided sufficient fish remains to be able to characterize the products they contained. The archaeozoological analysis has thus identified potted mackerels, sauces or rather "fish mash" made from young sardines or a preparation from a mixture of small fishes and topping waste. Archaeobotanical remains (seeds) were also found in one of these jars which could signify the presence of condiments. These studies thus improve our knowledge of salted fish produced in Latium, and also the food consumed by sailors or passengers aboard ships during their trip from Ostia to the ports of Gaul. Keywords: Roman period, salsamenta, palaeocontent, fish remains, Gallic ports References Djaoui,à D.,à Pi u s,à G.,à Botte,à E.,à ,à Nou ellesà do esà su à lesà potsà ditsà « à ga u »à duà Latiu ,à d ap sà lesà découvertes subaquatiques du Rhône (Arles), in : Botte, E., Leitch, V. (Eds), Fish & Ships. Production et commerce des salsa e taàdu a tàl á ti uité. Errance, BIAMA 17, pp. 175-197. This work is supported by Labex ARCHIMEDE from "I estisse e t d’A e i " p og a ANR-11-LABX-0032-01. 28 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Roman Tuna fish and Garum from Baelo Claudia: recent archaeozoological evidence Dario Bernal-Casasola1, Ricard Marlasca2, José Ángel Expósito Álvarez3 and José Juan Díaz RodriguezZ1 1 Área de Arqueología. Universidad de Cádiz. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Avda. Dr. Gómez Ulla 1, 11003 Cádiz (Spain). 2 Posidonia S.L. Av. Sant Jordi nº 13, 4º c. 07800 Ibiza (Spain). 3 Conjunto Arqueológico de Baelo Claudia. Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Junta de Andalucía. Ensenada de Bolonia, s/n, 11380 Tarifa, Cádiz (Spain). Abstract Recent archaeological research was undertaken in the maritime quarter of the Roman city of Baelo Claudia, located on the European side of the Straits of Gibraltar and funded by the HAR2013-43599-P project of the Spanish Government (2014-2016). Two new fish-salting plants were discovered. These were built in the I c. AD and abandoned in the V c. AD. Special attention was focused on the archaeozoological and other organic remains which were absent from other contexts of the Roman and Late Roman city. The archaeological trenches revealed at least 10 new salting vats. So far four have been completely excavated. In the inner layers of two of them we recovered fish remains in primary position related to the marine preserves that were being produced at the site in the V c. AD. These are of exceptional interest as it is the first time that these kinds of biological remains appear in Baelo Claudia and so well preserved. In one of the vats remains of small sparidae were identified - most belonged to Axillary Seabream (Pagellus acarne). After the abandonment of one of the fish-factories many fins and raquis of tuna fish remains were found in a sandy layer, where an organic dump was created after cutting and eviscerating recent catches, by the beach. It is the fourth deposit with similar characteristics found regionally (together with Gadir - Teat oà á dalu ía àsite,àVà .àBC;à Pu taàCa a i al àalsoàatàBolo ia,àIIà .àBC;àa dà“epte à– modern Ceuta - I c. AD). We shall present for the first time the preliminary results of the archaeozoological characterization of the species found and the cutting processes, as well as a discussion of the historical and archaeological contexts where the fish bones were found. Keywords: Baelo Claudia, Roman & Late Roman layers, Garum, Allec, Tuna fish. 29 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 4 – FISH, RITUAL, FEASTING, AND SOCIAL STATUS CHAIR: PHILIPPE BÉAREZ A Greco-Roman votive deposit of fish at Oxyrhynchus (Al Bahnasa, Egypt) Wim Van Neer Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Abstract The site of Oxyrhynchus is at about 190 km south of Cairo and is located close to the Bahr Youssef which is a watercourse connecting the Nile with Lake Fayum. The site dates to the Greco- Roman period and is named after a fish that was venerated here, called oxyrhynchos in Greek (meaning sharp-nosed). This refers to fish of the family of the Mormyridae (elephant-snout fish) of which evidence for their worshipping was thus far limited to a few wall paintings and bronze figurines. Although excavations have been ongoing on the site since the end of the 19th century, it was only in 2012 that a deposit was found with thousands of complete fish that were piled up next and on top of each other, with in between layers of matting and wrapping. Although it was possible to lift some of the larger specimens (up to more than 1 meter total length) individually, they did not remain in articulation, and as a consequence enormous amounts of isolated fish bones need to be studied. The present paper will describe the deposit and will focus on the species represented (not only the expected Mormyrus), on their reconstructed sizes, and on the protocol that was developed to deal with hundreds of thousands of fish bones. Finally, the archaeological data will be confronted with information from the written sources to further clarify the cultic role this fish played. Keywords: ritual, religion, Nile fish, Ptolemaic, Roman 30 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Fishing, feasting and friendship; a cross cultural comparison of fish rituals in maritime contexts (c. 1500-1900 AD) Sharyn Jones1 and William Landon2 1 Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Philosophy, Northern Kentucky University, USA Department of History and Geography, Northern Kentucky University, USA 2 Abstract We explore the role of fish in ritual, cross-culturally drawing from regions as diverse as Italy (c. 1500), England (c. 1600), Hawaii and Fiji (c. 1800-1900). Specifically, we discuss how fish were acquired and consumed (in feasts, in mass quantities), and shared attributes of fishing across different cultures. While it has long been established that feasts characteristically reinforce alliances, celebrate life events, people and important religious dates, as well as reaffirming communities, and enhancing collaboration, we investigate more precisely how fish, the art of catching them and their presentation plays into these traditions. We have found, by bringing to bear archaeological, anthropological and historical methods, some surprising resonances in practices and fish-associations beyond mere subsistence. For example, the quantities of fish provided at such feasts, across the cultures being discussed, were indicators of wealth, prestige, and gender. Our discussions make clear that these phenomena cross-cut all social strata including, commoners, intellectuals, ambassadors, nobles, chiefs, and kings. The evidence that we draw is indebted to the French concept of material textuality, where text is used to reconstruct material culture and intellectual stratigraphy, or specifically in the case of our project - food rituals. We explore and reconstruct feasts and food practices by using ethnohistory and personal letters. In due course, our project will elaborate upon these themes using archaeology and zooarchaeology. Keywords: fishing, feasting, Renaissance, Pacific Islands, material textuality 31 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Charleston, South Carolina (USA): A case study of fish as evidence of social status and environmental impact Elizabeth J. Reitz Georgia Museum of Natural History, 101 Cedar Street, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA, 30602-7882 Abstract Charleston (South Carolina, USA) was founded as part of the English Carolina proprietorship in 1663 and moved to its present location on the south-eastern Atlantic coast of North America in 1680. We now have a record of the social and ecological aspects of fishing which extends into the early twentieth century. Charleston was the centre of a highly stratified social system, with wealthy plantation owners and an urban business community largely sustained by the labour of enslaved Africans. The record can be divided into four briefer periods: 1710-1750, 1750-1820, 1820-1850, and 1850-1900. Fish constitute ca. 20% of the vertebrate individuals in each period. All but three of the 55 collections from Charleston contain at least o eà ofà theà à fishà ta aà fou dà i à theà it sà a haeologi alà e o d.à áà o eà g oupà of local fish were used th oughoutàtheà it sàhisto à- animals that could be captured from local estuarine waters using relatively simple gear. These were primarily sea catfishes (Ariidae), sea basses (Centropristis spp.), sheepsheads (Archosargus probatocephalus), drums (Sciaenidae), mullets (Mugil spp.), and flounders (Paralichthys spp.). Over time, the percentage of fish in the faunal remains declined slightly, but dietary contribution (measured as biomass) and number of fish taxa (richness) increased. Fish were used by all social strata in Charleston. The townhouse assemblage is richer and more diverse than assemblages from sites occupied by people of lower socio-economic status. This higher diversity was achieved by using fish less frequently used by other social groups and probably more costly to acquire. The mean trophic level exploited in each period asà . .àMostàfishài di idualsà e eàtake àf o àt ophi àle elsà . àa dà . à ega dlessàofàpe iod,ào upa t sà status, or site function. Thus we find in Charlesto sà a haeologi alà e o dà e ide eà thatà fishà e eà a à important part of the local economy and cuisine, that social distinctions are reflected in fish remains, and thatàaàfishe à hi hà àtoda sàsta da dsàisà o side edàaàhigh-trophic level one was sustained for decades àCha lesto sàestua i eàs ste . Keywords: Southeastern Atlantic coast, post-Columbian North America, social status, trophic levels 32 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Fish consumption in the Beit Shean Valley as studied in two major excavations: Tel Beth Shean and Tel Rehov Omri Lernau Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Israel Abstract Two large tels were excavated in the Beit-Shean Valley south of Lake Galilee in Israel directed by Prof. Amihai Mazar. One is in Tel Beit Shean (1989-1996) and the other at Tel Rehov (1997-2012). Both excavations produced medium-sized assemblages of fish remains which are more or less contemporary and date from the Bronze Age to the Early Islamic period (second millennium BC to the 7th century AD). Study of the fish remains, which were mostly imported from the Mediterranean (some 50 km to the west) and from the Nile (400 km to the south), has provided an insight into the nature of the organization of longdistance trade in fish in this area over time. Other issues were examined including questions about the relationship between the variety of consumed fish and the socio-economic status of the inhabitants of the sites. It was also interesting to learn from the new study of the finds at Tel Rehov, that previous suggestions made at Tell Beth Shean about the possible role of cultural preferences concerning the consumption of fish, could not be confirmed. Keywords: commerce, cultural preferences, socio-economic status. 33 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 5 – MORPHOMETRY AND OSTEOMETRY CHAIR: REBECCA NICHOLSON A geometric morphometric approach to shape variation in fish vertebrae for taxonomic and habitat identification Sofía C. Samper-Carro1, Julien Louys1, Stuart Hawkins1 and Sue O'Connor1 1 College of Asia & the Pacific. Department of Archaeology and Natural History. H.C. Coombs Building, 0200, ACT. The Australian National University, Australia Abstract Zooarchaeological studies that have incorporated vertebrae in fish identifications have demonstrated a significant increase in sample size (NISP and MNI) and species diversity. Such studies provide more comprehensive information critical for the accurate reconstruction of the total fish diversity in any assemblage. Traditional methods for identifying fish vertebrae require detailed reference material, which needs to include every element from a neural spine for each taxon. These methods are labour intensive and require a great deal of training. Here we propose to improve these methods by applying a geometric morphometric approach for identifying the vertebrae of fish families in the Asia-Pacific region. We also relate shape variations within fish vertebrae to habitat. Our methods involve several steps. First, we digitized vertebrae of some reef (Balistidae and Serranidae) and pelagic/open water (Scombridae and Carangidae) families from the reference collection of the Department of Archaeology and Natural History (ANH), Australian National University. We scored each vertebra using 2D landmarks. Results were subjected to Procrustes fitting and analysed using standard shape analysis algorithms in order to assess whether shape differences can be used to separate the different families and habitats. These results were then applied to archaeological material from a recently excavated site in Alor (Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia). Fish remains from Alor were first classified according to the morphological criteria based on the ANH reference collection. These results were compared to the quantitative shape variations observed, allowing us to compare archaeological fish identification methods, specifically inter- and intraspecific variations associated with family and habitat. This case study will provide insights into human exploitation of marine resources during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene on faunally depauperate islands in Southeast Asia. Keywords: geometric morphometrics, vertebrae, taxonomy, habitat, shape analysis 34 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Estimating body length of two puffer-fish species (Diodon) to predict the size of archaeological individuals from two sites of different ages and palaeohabitats in the Pearl Island Archipelago, Panama María Fernanda Martínez-Polanco1, Máximo Jimenéz1 and Richard Cooke1 1 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Archaeology Laboratory, 352 building, Naos Island, Calzada de Amador, Ancón, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá. Abstract This paper addresses the advantages and pitfalls of using allometry to estimate size ranges of two species of puffer-fish in pre-European archaeological samples from two ancient settlements in the Pearl Island Archipelago of Panama, 30-50 Km from the Pacific mainland. They are: 1) Playa Don Bernardo (PG-L-19/20), a Preceramic site (6.2-5.6 ka), and 2) Bayoneta Island (LP-8/10) a Ceramic site (~1 kya). Two puffer-fish species (Diodon hystrix and D. holocanthus) have a high rank at both sites although size range and relative species abundance differ between them. Four, not necessarily mutually exclusive, hypotheses may account for this situation: 1) a diachronic increase in small mangrove-estuary habitats due to changes in coastal geomorphology, 2) differential distribution of these habitats on the two islands despite their closeness, 3) temporal changes in captured diodont species owing to a shift in capture methods, and 4) diachronic decline in fish size due to human predation. We seek the best relationship between the dimensions of several body parts and fish length referring to allometric regression equations. A modern collection of both species was used. The most robust body part (maxilla/dentary) is the least reliable. This is a study-inprogress. By the time of the workshop we expect to have analyzed sufficient material to present a preliminary evaluation of our hypotheses and offer meaningful interpretations of resource use and fishing strategies vis-à-vis technological and ecological change. The paper will be presented by the first author. Keywords: Diodon, pufferfish, Pearl Island Archipelago, Panama, osteometry 35 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 6 – FISH AS PALAEOCLIMATIC AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL PROXIES – ISOTOPIC DATA CHAIR: JAMES BARRETT Isotopic sclerochronology provides insight into fishing seasonality in a palaeo-lake at Gobero (Niger) during the mid-Holocene Elise Dufour1, Hélène Jousse2 and Paul Sereno3. 1 Muséu atio al d’Histoi e atu elle – CNRS, UMR 7209, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. INRAP, centre de recherches archéologiques de Carquefou, 4 rue du Tertre, 44477 Carquefou cedex, France 3 University of Chicago, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, Chicago, Illinois, USA 2 Abstract Isotopic sclerochronology is a discipline which combines the analysis of periodic growth marks and their stable isotopic composition. It provides an insight into the climate of the past, as well as the season of mollusk harvest or fish capture. It is usually used in marine contexts. Here we analyzed Tilapinii otoliths from the Gobero complex (Niger). The site is located on the edge of a palaeo-lake and provides an exceptional testimony of human occupation of the central Sahara (Tenere desert) during Holocene humid intervals. Otoliths were recovered from middens dating from the mid-Holocene (5200-2500 BC). They were used to document hydrologic conditions and seasonality of fishing and site occupation. Sagittal sections were prepared for ten Tilapinii otoliths recovered from two middens. For each otolith, an oxygen isotopic profile was generated by micromilling and classical mass spectrometry. The quality of preservation of the aragonite was checked by SEM observation of the microstructure and analysis of the mineralogy form by localized optical FTIR analysis. All isotopic profiles exhibit both large ontogenetic variation and regular cyclical changes. The cyclicity in 18Ooto values correspond to narrow periodic growth structures observed in sagittal sections. Adult fish inhabited water bodies with more or less regular seasonal hydrological variations. The reading of the outermost portion and its positioning within the annual cycle indicates that Tilapinii were captured at different times within the hydrological cycle. Fishing was practiced at different times of the year and the site occupied in different seasons. Very low 18Ooto values measured during early life suggest that young Tilapinii inhabited bodies of water fed by precipitation from high altitude such as the Air Massif. Much higher 18Ooto values during adulthood show that fishing was practiced in evaporative shallow water lakeside or in marginal basins - where fish are more vulnerable to human predation. Good hydrological conditions, abundance and stability of palaeo-lake resources might have favoured the permanent or semipermanent human occupation of Gobero during the mid-Holocene. Keywords: otoliths, oxygen stable isotopes, seasonality, hydrology 36 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Stable Isotope ratios of archaeological and modern fish bone collagen reflect interactions between men, fish and aquatic ecosystems Simone Häberle1, Jörg Schibler1 and Heide Hüster Plogmann1 1 IPNA, University of Basel, Switzerland Abstract Freshwater fish remains are regularly recovered from archaeological contexts in Switzerland. This attests the importance to people of these aquatic food resources in the past. We measured carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of freshwater fish bone samples from sites dating between the 11th and the 21st centuries AD in order to provide information about the human influence on fish stocks and aquatic ecosystems. The species considered include Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis, Barbus barbus, Rutilus rutilus and Cyprinus carpio. The δ15N results indicate a natural size and age-related trophic level effect. Heterogeneous carbon isotope signatures from samples from the same site could indicate spatial variation in isotope values within single ecosystems or alternatively represent the use of different fishing grounds. In comparison to the archaeological material, the modern fish samples show 15N-enriched and 13C-depleted isotope values. This is probably related to the beginning of the pervasive impact of industrialisation. Keywords: Switzerland, historic time, aquatic ecosystems, fresh water fish isotope signatures 37 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 7 – FISHING CULTURES OF THE WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACT ON FISH RESOURCES 1. S7: SOUTH AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN CHAIR: VIRGINIA BUTLER Bayovar 1: A pre-Hispanic fish-processing camp in the Sechura Desert, Northern Peru. Philippe Béarez 1, Nicolas Goepfert 2 and Christol Aurélien3 1 CNRS-MNHN UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France 2 CNRS-Pa is UMR 'A héologie des A é i ues', Maiso de l’A héologie et de l’Eth ologie, allée de l’U i e sité, Na te e, F a e 3 Université de Lyon (Lyon 3), UMR 5600 EVS, Lyon, France Abstract The Sechura Desert is the northernmost extension of the coastal Peruvian desert. However its littoral region is under the physical and ecological influences of the cold Humboldt Current that flows north from southern Chile to northern Peru. This area is strongly affected during El Niño events and appears to be a strategic place for studying this weather phenomenon through time. Our study of the subsistence strategies and resource management helps us understand how man has adapted to environmental constraints. We shall present the results of the excavation of a small site occupied by fishermen, dating to the Early Intermediate Period (ca. AD 547-766). The faunal assemblage contains an overwhelming amount of fish skeletal and otolith remains, and, in much smaller proportions, sea turtles, marine birds, and terrestrial mammals. The presence of such a quantity of fish remains and of the many recognized hearths lead us to propose the existence of a fish-processing site. Species diversity seems at first sight relatively low, however the fish are represented by specimens of varied sizes whose weight ranged from 100 grams to several kilograms. The presence of shallow and warm water species such as the sciaenid Micropogonias altipinnis (Golden croaker), indicates that the environment was probably different from what it is today. The eventual presence of a lagoon environment, nowadays absent from the area, raises new questions about the environmental conditions at the time of theàsite sào upatio .à Keywords: pre-Hispanic fishing, fish processing, palaeoenvironment, coastal desert, Peru 38 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Tracking fish and fishing practices over time in sambaquis of the Santos estuarine complex, southeastern Brazil (4900 – 1900 years BP) Caroline Borges1 and Sandrine Grouard2. 1 Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle – CNRS UMR 7209, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements. 55, rue Buffon - F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France 2 Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle – CNRS UMR 7209, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements. 55, rue Buffon - F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France Abstract Sambaquis are shell mounds constructed along the southern and southeastern, Atlantic coast of Brazil by fisher-hunter-gatherer groups during the mid-Holocene. Faunal remains from four archaeological sites located in various areas of the estuarine complex of Santos, São Paulo State, south-east of Brazil, were studied and compared with the archaeozoological results published for other sambaquis in the same region. These sites, Piaçaguera, Mar Casado, Maratuá and Buracão, have dates ranging between 4930 and 1950 years BP. The aim was to determine the diet of their human inhabitants, and to identify the subsistence practices and the ecosystems that they exploited. The results indicate that the marine resources, primarily fish (teleostei and chondrichthyes), were the most important food resource in all of the archaeological sites studied. The wide spectrum of fauna at these sites illustrates an opportunistic pattern of exploitation of a varied range of the estuarine and marine habitats by the inhabitants of the sambaquis. The ichthyological profile identified is roughly equivalent between sites, with a dominant presence of the families Ariidae, Sciaenidae, Centropomidae, Eleotridae and Mugilidae, but the importance of each family and each species differs over time, indicating that human groups exploited their environment in different ways. Size estimation of archaeological fish was made using osteometric models and the measurements taken on the archaeological bones and otoliths. This provides further insight into the type of fishing techniques that could have been potentially employed as well as the identification of associated fishing practices. On the basis of these data, we discuss the changes and continuities of the fishing strategies and ecosystem exploitation in the Santos estuarine complex. Keywords: sambaquis, fishing strategies, subsistence practices, archaeoichthyology, Brazil 39 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 7 – FISHING CULTURES OF THE WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACT ON FISH RESOURCES 2. S7: NORTH AMERICA, ALASKA AND ASIA CHAIR: RICHARD HOFFMANN The effects of mega-earthquakes on northeast Pacific fish populations over the past 2000 years Virginia L. Butler Department of Anthropology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97207 U.S.A. Abstract The extent to which past human populations were vulnerable to abrupt environmental change such as volcanic eruptions, flooding, drought, and earthquakes, has interested anthropologists and archaeologists for many years. Research into the archaeology of disaster response suggests communities sometimes suffered significant stress, restructuring, or abandoning settlement after such events. Sometimes the effe tsà ofà aà atast ophi à e e tà e eà otà allà egati e,à a dà a à ha eà e e à e ha ed environmental productivity. Research has also shown that catastrophes are not just natural events but are mediated by socio-cultural factors such as subsistence, settlement-mobility patterns, population size and infrastructure/technology. The northeast Pacific coastline adjacent to the Cascade Subduction Zone (CSZ) of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, is an ideal setting to study human response to catastrophes gi e à theà egio sà geologi alà histo à ofà ega-ea th uakes à ag itudeà . à a dà g eate on the Richter scale àa dàtheà e o dàfo àla geàpopulatio sàofàsede ta à o ple àfo age s àli i gàthe e.àOver the last 3,500 years, at least seven CSZ mega earthquakes at 400-600 year intervals have occurred; the latest in AD 1700. The recently excavated Tse-whit-zen village site on the coast of Washington State (United States), dating from ~2000 B.P. to the early 20th century, provides an excellent opportunity to explore ways past mega earthquakes affected indigenous populations of the north Pacific. In 2004, the site, a traditional village of the Lower Elwha Klallam, was extensively excavated (518 m², 261 m³) with fine geo-stratigraphic control, resulting in one of the largest samples of houses, artifacts and fauna (including >500,000 fish remains) on the Northwest Coast. In 2012, a large-scale study began of a large sample of the invertebrate and vertebrate remains and associated geological matrix, to understand how the animals and in turn the humans, were affected by earthquakes and other environmental forces. This paper explores the results of this project and reviews patterns in the fish faunal record (~80,000 fish specimens) from one house area, represented by five periods defined by 40 radiocarbon dates. Keywords: marine fish, environmental impacts, Northeast Pacific Ocean 40 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Decline of Rock greenlings from Adak Island (Aleutian Islands, Alaska) Olga Krylovich Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071 Russia Abstract We studied remains of Rock Greenlings (Hexagrammos lagocephalus) from the ADK-009 archaeological site (Adak Island, Aleutian Islands). This shell midden, with a depth of 160 cm, was well stratified with several layers that had accumulated gradually. Radiocarbon dates of terrestrial bird bone collagen show that the cultural layer was formed from 800 to 300 years cal BP. About 16,000 remains of different taxonomic groups of fish were identified - Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Rock Greenling being the most numerous. The share of Rock Greenling bones gradually increases from 14% of NISP in the lower layers (800-700 years cal BP) to 78% in the upper layers (400-300 years cal BP). As a result, Rock Greenling replaced Pacific Cod in the catches made by local people. Reconstruction of population abundance shows the same tendency, abundance of Greenlings increased with time as well. The increase both in the abundance and the proportion of Greenlings in catches occurred during the period between 500 and 300 years cal BP. It is most noteworthy that these changes coincide with a period of comparative cooling in the Northern Hemisphere – also known as the Little Ice Age. Rock Greenling is a demersal solitary fish inhabiting shallow rocky areas. In the Aleutian Islands it is the most abundant and widely distributed species in inshore rock and algae community. Greenling body size was calculated from 617 bones. The average length of Greenling decreased by 2 cm (from 36 to 34 cm) over time. The average size of modern Greenling from Adak Island is about 35 cm. We suppose that this size decrease is a result of overexploitation of the local Rock Greenling population. Keywords: Aleutian Islands, Hexagrammos lagocephalus, Holocene, Rock Greenling 41 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG The Rice-fish Economy: wetland fishing and rice cultivation in the Neolithic of the lower Yangtze River region, China Ying Zhang1, Dorian Fuller2, Ling Qin1 and Louise Martin2 1 School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, China Institute of Archaeology, University College London, England 2 Abstract China s Yangtze River region, especially the lower Yangtze basin with its abundant water bodies, has a long history of rice-fish economy. Historical records state that rice, fish, and wild aquatic plants here were the most important subsistence resources at least since the Bronze Age. Archaeologists suggested that fishing persisted as an important subsistence strategy in the Neolithic Yangtze region (Yuan et al, 2008). However, this assumption has not been proved archaeologically because the fish remains were usually overlooked during excavation and were rarely studied. This research focuses on the fish and rice remains from Tianluoshan, a late Neolithic site in the lower Yangtze River region. Domesticated rice has been identified from Tianluoshan (Fuller et al, 2009); the fish remains were relatively well preserved and retrieved. A thorough analysis of the fish remains indicates that most fish were probably from the freshwater wetlands close to the settlement. Although the ocean was not so far from Tianluoshan, it was rarely exploited. Easy access made freshwater fish a reliable food resource which was exploited throughout the year. The connections between fish and rice in the subsistence can be summarized into three parts. First, fish and rice were from the same environment. Although rice domestication had begun, the rice field had not been separated from the natural wetlands, where most fish were captured. Second, the analysis of seasonality shows that the fishing seasons differ from the rice harvest season, indicating the management of labour. Third, the statistics indicate that the fish assemblage changed during the occupation of the site (about 1,000 years), along with the increase of domesticated rice. The fish remains and the rice-fish economy in the Neolithic of the lower Yangtze River region is still understudied, and so research at Tianluoshan is of a pioneering nature. The nature of the fish economy will be better investigated as more archaeological materials are retrieved and studied. Keywords: the rice-fish economy, wetland fishery, lower Yangtze region, Neolithic References Fuller, D., Qin, L., Zheng, Y., Zhao, Z., Chen, X., Hosoya, A., Sun, G., 2009. The domestication process and domestication rate in rice: spikelet bases from the Lower Yangtze. Science 323, 1607-1610. Yuan, J., Flad, R., Luo, Y., 2008. Meat-acquisition patterns in the Neolithic Yangzi river valley, China. Antiquity 82, 351366. 42 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments SESSION 7 – FISHING CULTURES OF THE WORLD: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN IMPACT ON FISH RESOURCES 3. SESSION 7: EUROPE CHAIR: DANIEL MAKOWIEKI Burbot (Lota lota) and winter fishing in Finland during the Stone Age Katariina Nurminen University of Helsinki, Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies/ Archaeology, Agronominkatu 4 C 93, 00790 Helsinki, Finland Abstract Stone Age dwelling sites in Finland are typically located by lake shores. Finland was then – as it is now – a la dà ofà aà thousa dà lakes .à F esh ate à fishi gà hasà been an important source of livelihood throughout history. Pike (Esox lucius), perch (Perca fluviatilis), whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and Cyprinid fish are common in the Stone Age refuse faunas found in hearths and waste pits. Winters in Finland are cold and snowy and the lakes and rivers freeze over. Winter fishing under the ice has been widely practiced during historic times. It requires different methods than open water fishing. For instance, pike and perch are easy to catch under the ice. Recently I have found clear evidence of winter fishing during the Stone Age. Burned burbot (Lota lota) bones have been found at many Stone Age dwelling sites, almost throughout the country. Burbots spawn in the mid-winter in coastal waters. The rest of the year adult burbots stay in the deep waters of an open lake. The burbot bone finds derive from adult and spawning mature fish. It suggests that fishing occurred during the winter. Keywords: winter, fishing, Stone Age, burbot, Finland 43 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Eel fishing in the Mariager Fjord during the Ertebølle and Funnel Beaker cultures: new archaeoichthyological data from the kitchen midden at Thygeslund Harry K. Robson1 and Søren H. Andersen2 1 BioArch, University of York, S-Block, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK, hkrobson@hotmail.co.uk Moesgård Museum, Moesgård Allé 20, DK-8270 Højbjerg, Denmark 2 Abstract Th geslu dàisào eàofàaà u e àofàDa ishàst atifiedà køkke øddi g à kit he à idde s àspa i gàtheà lateà Mesolithic (Ertebølle) and the early Neolithic (Funnel Beaker) cultures, and has been dated from approximately 4400 to 3300 cal BC. A total 4 m2 have been excavated at the kitchen midden during trial trenching undertaken in 2013 and 2014. Here we present the results of a study conducted on the fish remains recovered by hand as well as on site dry screening of materials (4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 mm mesh) that were excavated through the midden sequence. The results are compared with contemporary kitchen middens in the fjord, including Havnø to the eastnortheast and Visborg to north-northeast. All three kitchen middens are located < 5 km from one another, and the species spectra for the three sites comprised marine and to a lesser extent freshwater fish, the majority of which migrate between fresh and salt waters. The material is quantified and estimates of total fish lengths are provided. Interpretation focuses on taphonomy, including element size distribution and percentage completeness, relative importance of the fish represented, especially the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), significance of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the greater weever (Trachinus draco), presence of freshwater taxa, possible fishing methods employed, and season(s) of capture. Keywords: Denmark, kitchen midden, Mesolithic, Neolithic, fish 44 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments The Chalcolithic fishery at Pietrele, Romania described from fish and fishing technology remains Kenneth Ritchie Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany 24837 Abstract The Chalcolithic period of the 5th millennium BC in the area of the Lower Danube River is of particular interest for archaeologists because it provides evidence for very early metallurgy, incipient social stratification, and, at many sites, a renaissance in the exploitation of wild animals in the subsistence economy – even though domesticated animals continue to be important. Since 2002, excavations at the tell near Pietrele, Romania on the floodplain of the Danube River, have produced abundant evidence of the exploitation of fish and other aquatic animals both in the form of faunal remains and some of the technologies used to procure them. Although examples of very large catfish and cyprinids are common in the assemblage, wet-sieving of soil samples has also revealed the presence of numerous bones from very small fish – i di ati gàaà e ài te si eàe ploitatio àofàa uati à esou esà àtheàsite sào upa ts.àálthoughà analysis is continuing, the data produced so far can begin to address questions of where, when and how aquatic resources were procured and how the settlement was provisioned. Keywords: Chalcolithic, Romania, Danube, tell 45 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fishing in the Iberian Bronze Age: the fishes from the Cabezo Pardo and Cerro de los Gavilanes Eufrasia Roselló Izquierdo1, Mª Milagrosa Ros-Sala2, J.A. López Padilla3 and Arturo Morales Muñiz1 1 Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Universidad de Murcia, Spain 3 MARQ (Museo arqueológico provincial, Alicante), Spain 2 Abstract The Bronze Age of the Iberian peninsula has been a period with little archaeoichthyological information. The traditional explanation to account for such dearth of data has been to consider that Iberian Bronze Age communities, focused their interest on mineral resources, agriculture and stockbreeding. But, at least in the case of the eastern Iberian shores, another equally important, often neglected, reason may have had to do with sea level fluctuations occurring over a tectonically active littoral that witnessed large changes throughout the second millennium BC. In this presentation we will provide an overview of ichthyoarchaeological developments in the SW sector of the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on the assemblages from two sites. Cabezo Pardo (province of Alicante) is a rural settlement which presently lies ca. 5 km inland from the Mediterranean coast but that during the Bronze Age was stationed at the shoreline of a huge coastal lagoon. Cerro de los Gavilanes is a small rocky outcrop on the present day city of Mazarrón (province of Murcia) which for a prolonged period that spanned from the Early Bronze Age (ca. 1900 cal. BC) to republican times (ca. 200 cal. BC) served as a harbor and fishing village. The fish faunas from both sites exhibit differences and similarities that, along with fishes from other sites from SW Iberia allow one to grasp some features of the fishing strategies carried out during this interesting and enigmatic period of Iberian prehistory. Keywords: Fish, Fishing, Bronze Age, Sw Iberia, Coastal morphology 46 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Fish remains from the Neolithic site of El Mirador cave (Atapuerca, Spain): seasonality and resource management Àngel Blanco1, Josep M. Vergés2,3 and Jordi Agustí2,3,4 1 Institut für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment (HEP), Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany 2 IPHES, Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain 3 Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya, 35, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain 4 ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain Abstract Ichthyoarchaeological analyses were undertaken of the freshwater fish remains from levels 19 and 20 in El Mirador cave (Atapuerca, Spain). Fish were always present as a source of animal protein, although their importance in the human diet was not fully exploited by people during the Neolithic on the Iberian Peninsula. Two principal goals are treated here: a taxonomic study of the fish remains and a characterization of the exploitation of this resource. The results show that the human community of El Mirador cave practiced fishing, and that fish was part of their diet and social life. Keywords: freshwater fish, resource, Neolithic, El Mirador cave, Atapuerca References Martín, P., Rosell, J. & Vergés, J.M. (2009) La gestión de los recursos faunísticos durante el Neolítico en la Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos): los niveles 19 y 20 de la Cueva del Mirador. Trabajos de Prehistoria 66(2): 77-92 Vergès, J.M., Allué, E., Angelucci, D.E., Cebrià, A., Pérez, C., Fontanals, M., Mányanos, A., Montero, S., Moral, S., Vaquero, M. & Zaragoza, J. (2002) La Sierra de Atapuerca durante el Holoceno: Datos preliminares sobre las ocupaciones de la edad del Bronze en la Cueva de El Mirado (Ibeas de JuarrOs, Burgos). Trabajos de Prehistoria 59: 107-126. Vergès, J.M., Allué, D., Angelucci, D.E., Burjachs, F., Carrancho, Á., Cebrià, A., Expósito, I., Fontanals, M., Moral, S., Rodríguez, A. & Vaquero, M. (2009) Los niveles neolíticos de la cueva de El Mirador (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos): nuevos datos sobre la implantación y el desarrollo de la economía agropecuaria en la submeseta norte. In Actas del IV Congreso del Neolítico Peninsular, Alacant: MARQ, 2008, p. 418-427. - ISBN: 9788496979000. Proceedings of: IV Congreso del Neolítico Peninsular, Alacant, 2008 47 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 8 – NATURAL DEPOSITS VS. FISHING, FISH PROCESSING AND CONSUMPTION EVIDENCE CHAIR: ARTURO MORALES Troubled Waters: Fish re ai s fro Mé fő sa ak–Széles-földek, Hungary László Bartosiewicz1, Alfred Galik2 and Gábor Ilon3 1 Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria 3 National Heritage Centre, Hungarian National Museum, Múzeum körút 16 – 18, 1088 Budapest, Hungary 2 Abstract The site of M fő sa ak–Széles-földek is located on a sand bank in the ancient floodplain, of the HoltMa alàa dàŐs-Rába rivers. It is ea àtheà it àofàG ő ào àtheà ightà a kàofàtheàDa u eài àNWàHu ga .àTheà settlement falls within an area of 150 hectares covered by archaeological sites. The periods relevant to the fish remains discussed in our presentation include the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, and the Roman Empire. Water-sieved samples show that fish have always been present. It is hard to tell, however, which remains originate from fish consumption and which are natural deposits resulting from inundations. The latter option needs to be considered in the light of environmental archaeological investigations that show dynamic fluviation and intensive sedimentatio à K eite àa dàPetőà .àHo e e ,àtheà e ains of grasses and cultivated cereals indicate the exploitation of relatively dry habitats. According to observations made during the excavation and following extensive rainfall, deepe àse tio sàofàtheàM fő sa akàa haeologi alà site became inundated, despite water-regulation on the modern landscape: even temporary water cover in the area resulted in the occurrence of small fish, including small Cyprinids. Prehistoric hydrological properties of the region make natural deposition a likely interpretation, especially in the case of numerous bones of unusually small fish of negligible economic importance. Meanwhile the remains of relatively large carp and pike came to light from Late Iron Age and Roman Period features in the eastern section of the site. These indicate their dietary roles in these periods. The remains of five large pike originate from what was considered a Late Bronze Age Tumulus – probably a sacrificial feature. They fall into the size category of individuals that can be caught by active fishing, as opposed to potting usually practiced in small, residual flood pools (Kovács et al. 2010: 248). This admittedly h potheti alàa gu e tà o e i gàtheàpikeàsizesàf o àM fő sa akàisà o fi edà àt oà o zeàa gleàfi dsà associated with the period between the Copper and Late Bronze Ages. Keywords: natural deposition, angling, pike, carp, Danube References Kovács, Zs. E., Gál, E., Bartosiewicz, L., 2010. Early Neolithic animal bones from Ibrány–Nag e dő,à Hu ga ,à i :à Kozło ski,à J.à K.,à ‘a zk ,à P.à (Eds.), Neolithization of the Carpathian Basin: Northernmost distribution of the “ta če o/Kö ösà ultu e.àPolishàá ade àofàá tsàa dà“ ie es,àK akó –Budapest, pp. 238–254. 48 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments K eite ,à á.,à Pető,à Á.à Eds. à .à Összesítettà kutat sià jele t sà aà G ő –M fő sa ak,à Széles-földekà lelőhel e à KÖH:à 34305) felvett talajszelvények talajtani, geokémiai, archaeobotanikai és malakológiai adatairól [Summary report on theà pedologi al,à go he i al,à a haeo ota i alà a dà ala ologi alà dataà f o à G ő –M fő sa ak,à “z les-földek (KÖH: 34305)]. Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Nemzeti Örökségvédelmi Központ Restaurálási és Alkalmazott Természettudományi Laboratórium, Budapest. 49 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Garbage into the well: exploitation of fish in two historical phases of Sant'Antioco (SW Sardinia, Italy) Gabriele Carenti Sassari University, Department of Nature and Environmental Sciences. Via Muroni 25 – 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy Abstract Several excavations were undertaken in recent years in the ancient town of Sulky on the island of Sant'Antioco (SW Sardinia). These reveal evidence of the way of life of the inhabitants from the foundation of the city in the 8th century BC until Roman Imperial times. We studied fish remains found in the fill of certain architectural structures related to the use of water and food resources in the city centre. The first structure was a silo used during the Archaic phase for storing food. It fell out of use and was filled during the 8th c. BC. Other structures include two drainage pits related to the urban street closed and filled during the 1st c. AD. Findings allowed us to speculate on some important features concerning the exploitation of fish. Technological or cultural differences were identified between different contexts and historical phases. Keywords: archaeozoology, taphonomy, fish remains, Sardinia, Phoenician, Roman 50 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments A pit full of fish: fishing and fish storage at the Late Islamic settlement of Freiha, Qatar Lisa Yeomans Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract A large assemblage of fish bones was studied from the Late Islamic settlement of Freiha on the northwest coast of Qatar. One pit provided an exceptional collection of thousands of fish bones preserved below a capping deposit. This was interpreted as a fish storage pit and ethnographic parallels have been documented in Oman where dried and salted fish would be preserved for future consumption. A consideration of the species represented and calculations of fish size indicates that small fish were stored in this manner. Rabbitfish (Siganus sp.) were by far the most common species preserved. Intertidal stone fish traps would have yielded large catches of fish and the ability to store the surplus produce would have been hugely beneficial to settlement in such a harsh environment. I shall present the results of my study of the fish bones from the fish storage pit and, in conjunction with the rest of the studied faunal assemblage, examine how the inhabitants were catching and processing fish at the settlement. Results are also compared to the assemblage from the slightly later settlement of Zubarah a few kilometers along the coast illustrating how the immediate marine environs of each settlement influenced fishing practices in the inshore waters. Both settlements also exploited the coral reefs reached by fishing boats and occasionally fished in open waters bringing home catches of pelagic fish. Keywords: Qatar, fish storage, Freiha, Zubarah 51 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fishing and eating plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from Roman to modern times in Belgium Wim Wouters Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium Abstract The evidence for marine fish consumption from coastal and inland sites in Belgium shows a heavy reliance on herring, gadids (cod, haddock, whiting) and flatfish (plaice, flounder and dab). Within the last group, plaice is the most common. I shall provide an overview of the occurrence of this species from Roman to post-medieval times in sites along the Scheldt basin. The diachronic analysis focusses upon the contribution of this flatfish to the diet and on the way it was marketed. The intraskeletal distribution (head versus postcranial bones) and reconstructed fish lengths (based on new regression equations) are considered for the consumption sites. These data are compared to those seen at a major production site along the North Sea coast with the aim of establishing whether plaice was traded whole or as prepared fish, and whether particular size categories were chosen for export to the consumption sites. Finally, I shall consider to what extent the diachronic pattern seen in the size distributions can be considered as a possible marker of overfishing. Keywords: plaice, fish curing, size reconstruction, overfishing 52 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments SESSION 9 – MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FISH REMAINS: ARCHAEOLOGY, WRITTEN AND ILLUSTRATED SOURCES CHAIR: HEIDE H. PLOGMANN What can be learned from the fisheries regulations of late medieval Europe? Richard C. Hoffmann Department of History, 2140 Vari Hall, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada Abstract From the early 1200s public regulation of fisheries became common across much, but not all, of western and central Europe. This was probably due to a simultaneous response to perceived depletion and the expanding purview of secular governments. Authorities with some claim to regional effectiveness such as Italian city states, regional princes and some national rulers, issued wide-ranging codes for economic and sustained use of inland and inshore (but rarely marine) biota. The scope of these ordinances grew over time and increasingly asserted their service of public rather than private interest. The protection and wise use of aquatic resources had considerable political importance. Certain characteristic measures reveal contemporary understanding of aquatic life and these help scholars interpret the varieties and sizes of archaeological fish remains. Other provisions, including some demonstrably enforced, identify specific capture techniques and socio-economic conflicts over their use. The contribution of public law to the sustainability of European fish populations should at least be considered. The paper draws upon laws and court cases from Britain, France, the Low Countries, German-speaking territories, northern Italy, and the Iberian kingdoms during the 13th through 16th centuries. Keywords: Middle Ages, Europe, fisheries regulations, fish varieties, capture techniques 53 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Hanseatic trade in the North Atlantic: the archaeozoological evidence Hans Christian Küchelmann Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum Bremerhaven, Hans-Scharoun-Platz 1, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract In May 2013 a conference concerned with the "Hanseatic trade in the North Atlantic" was held in Avaldsnes, Norway. The focus of the conference was the trade of Hanseatic merchants with Iceland, the Shetlands and the Faroes between the 13th and 17th century on which only a relatively small amount of research had been undertaken, compared to historic research on other Hanseatic destinations. The topic was tackled from historical, archaeological, etymological and archaeozoological aspects. Following the initial steps taken at the conference a research group was founded in 2014 which intends to make a more profound study of the topic. The application for the project entitled "Zwischen Nordsee und Nordmeer: Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Hanse" ("Between North Sea and North Atlantic: interdisciplinary studies towards the Hanse) has been granted by the Leibniz-Gemeinschaft and began its work in March 2015 at the Schiffahrtsmuseum (DSM) in Bremerhaven. The research group currently consists of four researchers: Natascha Mehler (archaeologist), Mike Belasus (marine archaeologist), Bart Holterman (historian) and myself (archaeozoologist). As the most numerous and economically most important item in the Hanseatic North Atlantic trade was stockfish, the core of the archaeozoological study will mainly concern fish. My initial concern at the Avaldsnes conference was the evidence for the Hanseatic stockfish trade from the point of view of the consumer sites, the Hanse cities in Germany (Küchelmann in prep.). The counterpart of which was a study by Ramona Harrison and collaborators of the North Atlantic Biocultural Organisation (NABO) of fish remains from producer sites on the North Atlantic Islands (Harrison and Maher 2014). Within the new project I aim to study the Hanseatic stockfish (and other animal products) trade in the North Atlantic in general, integrating archaeozoological, archaeological and historical data. In cooperation with the Alfred-WegenerInstitut we will try to link the historical and archaeozoological data to relevant questions in ichthyology, ecology, population and fishery biology. In my presentation I shall introduce this new research project, outline the evidence accumulated so far, show potentials and limitations of the data and present preliminary results. Keywords: Gadidae, North Atlantic, Hanseatic trade References Küchelmann, H.C., in prep. Hanseatic fish trade in the North Atlantic: the evidence of fish remains from Hanse cities in Germany, in: Mehler, N., Gardiner, M. (Eds.), Hanseatic trade in the North Atlantic. New discoveries from archaeology and history. Proceedings of the conference in Avaldsnes, Norway, September 2012 Harrison, R., Maher, A. 2014 (Eds.). Human Ecodynamics in the North Atlantic: A Collaborative Model of Humans and Nature through Space and Time, Lexington Books, Lanham, Maryland. 54 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments The nature of Anglo-Saxon fishing and fish consumption: A Multi-disciplinary approach to the study of fish remains Rebecca Reynolds Freelance zooarchaeologist. 611 Southleigh Road, Emsworth, PO10 7TE, England Abstract The Anglo-Saxon period saw considerable change as well as continuation in E gla d s society and economy. Numerous identities were formed while some were broken or changed. The importance of fish in the Anglo-Saxon diet and its place within the economy and society has long been debated, however the nature of fish remains has made their study fraught with problems. In addition, the rigidity of the framework in which many Anglo-Saxon contextual studies are conducted has meant that fishing as a whole has not often been seen to be of major significance in Anglo-Saxon England. Recent zooarchaeological studies of AngloSaxon faunal material have highlighted the major role that animals played in the formation of identities but also worldviews. However, these studies have merely touched upon the fish remains. This study sought to remedy this. In order to achieve this and to counter-act the limitations associated with fish bone analysis other evidence such as isotope data from human remains, fish-related place-names, weirs and material culture associated with fishing such as hooks and sinkers were studied and discussed alongside each other in order to achieve a full picture of the role of fishing and fish consumption throughout the Anglo-Saxon period. This has provided a more colourful view of fishing – one that is beyond purely economic factors and has highlighted the importance of socio-cultural factors. Unsurprisingly, many more questions remain to be answered and most of these relate to the multi-disciplinary approach adopted. Keywords: fish, Anglo-Saxon, worldview, multi-disciplinary 55 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fishing and fish consumption in the colonial lower Mississippi valley: fish remains from European colonial and early American sites in the historic New Orleans French quarter Susan D. deFrance Department of Anthropology, University of Florida,USA Abstract Located along the lower Mississippi River, the city of New Orleans, in addition to the river itself, is surrounded by rich waterways including the numerous bayous, bays, and lake systems. New Orleans, established in 1718, rapidly became an amalgam of Native American, European, and African American peoples. Fishing and fish consumption was a feature of life in this inland coastal city prior to European olo izatio ,à a dà fishà a dà seafoodà o su ptio à e a eà sig atu eà ele e tsà ofà theà it sà u i ueà uisi e.àà The zooarchaeological study of fish remains from three sites is used to examine changing habits of fish consumption, provisioning, and the roles of markets in providing fish to French Quarter residents and hotel guests. Diachronic analysis of the fish remains demonstrates how European and other occupants created distinct patterns of fish use. The site of St. Anthony's Garden located behind St. Louis Cathedral was extensively excavated. Itàisàtheàlo aleàofàtheà it sàfi stàEu opea àsettle e tàatàtheàsiteàof a Native American settlement. Fishà e ai sàf o à“t.àá tho sàGa de àa dàtheà‘isi gà“u àHotelàsiteàp o ideàaà e o dàofàfishà use from early French and Spanish colonial occupations of the eighteenth century until the American period of the late nineteenth century and the rise of the hospitality industry. Fish remains from the excavation of the Ursuline Convent, one of the oldest structures in the lower Mississippi Valley, provide information on how this all female religious order, the first such religious order to arrive in the city, was provisioned with fish products. Analysis of the patterns of fish use at these sites helps us to understand the enduring role thatàfishàha eàpla edài àtheà it sà ultu eàa dà uisi e. Keywords: New Orleans, French Colonial, Spanish Colonial, historical fishing 56 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Fish illustrations of colonial America by artist-naturalist Mark Catesby and the ichthyoarchaeological record Arlene Fradkin Department of Anthropology, Florida Atlantic University, USA Abstract British artist-naturalist Mark Catesby was a key figure in American environmental history. He made two extended trips to the American colonies and the Bahamas in the early 18 th century. Exploring the colonial wilderness, he collected plant and animal specimens and made drawings and paintings of the various species he encountered. His illustrations and notes were the basis for his monumental two-volume publication, The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, one of the most comprehensive illustrated documentations of the flora and fauna of the New World. His depictions and accompanying descriptive accounts, in turn, can serve as a valuable resource for environmental archaeologists studying sites of that time. This presentation examines the various fish that Catesby visually documented and their representation in zooarchaeological assemblages from several colonial period sites in southeast North America and the Bahamas. Keywords: fish, fish illustrations, colonial America, Bahamas 57 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 10 – POSTER SESSION 1. S10: COST – OCEANS PAST PLATFORM (OPP) CHAIR: SÓNIA GABRIEL A reappraisal of eel fishing: new analysis on archaeological remains Harry K. Robson BioArch, University of York, S-Block, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK Abstract The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has traditionally been viewed as a catadromous species breeding in the Sargasso Sea and maturing in the river systems of Europe. It had been suggested that the juveniles swam upstream during the spring where they would spend variable periods in freshwater before a final migration during the autumn towards marine waters. However recent analyses demonstrate that our understanding of thei à lifeà histo à a dà ha itatà useà hasà ee à g ossl à o e si plified à Ha odà et al. 2005, 681). Throughout the course of the last 8,000 years eels were intensively exploited indicating that they were considered an important resource. In part this view is supported by the large numbers of eel remains routinely recovered during archaeological excavations (Kettle et al. 2008) as well as the presence of numerous stationary-fishing devices (for example fences or weirs) from coastal localities. In this paper the complexities surrounding the habitat use and life history of the eel will be presented, based in part on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values (n = 96) of eel bone collagen recovered from 26 archaeological sites throughout northern Europe and the eastern Baltic region. These data will be compared with modern specimens (n = 16) caught from six Danish localities as well as the data reported by Harrod et al. (2005). Thus, a number of aquatic habitats are represented. A re-evaluation of eel procurement strategies will be considered that will be supported by ethnographic, historical and modern data. In addition the use of the eel as a seasonal indicator will be discussed taking into consideration eel size frequencies from archaeological sites. Keywords: northern Europe, Baltic, eel, isotopes, seasonality References Harrod, C., Grey, J., McCarthy, T.K., 2005. Stable isotope analyses provide new insights into ecological plasticity in a mixohaline population of European eel. Oecologica 144, 673-683. Kettle, A.J., Heinrich, D., Barrett, J.H., Benecke, N., Locker, A., 2008. Past distributions of the European freshwater eel from archaeological and palaeontological evidence. Quaternary Science Reviews 27, 1309-1334. Pedersen, L., 2013. Eelers in Danish waters – interactions between men and their marine environment over 8000 years. In: Daire, M-Y., Dupont, C., Baudry, A., Billard, C., Large, J-M., Lespez, L., Normand, E., Scarre, C. (Eds.), Ancient Maritime Communities and the Relationship between People and Environment along the European Atlantic Coasts. BAR International Series 2570, Oxford, 163-173. 58 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments In cod we trust: determining long-term changes to North Sea ecosystems through δ15N analysis of single amino acids from historic fish bone Rachelle E. V. Martyn1, David Orton1, Callum Roberts2, George A. Wolff3 and Oliver Craig1 1 BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, England Department of Environment, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, England 3 Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpol L69 7ZX, England 2 Abstract The zooarchaeological record is an often neglected but fundamentally important resource in environmental studies. When analysed using the appropriate methods, it provides physical confirmation of the presence of species, their exploitation, diversity, and abundance, and offers a perspective of past peoples, environments, and ecosystems which lie beyond the confines of contemporary research. However, despite this cache of potential data, the utilisation of archaeological fish remains in addressing the often rancorous issue of global fisheries decline is largely in its infancy. Large-scale changes in marine ecosystems are commonly attributed to the intensification of demand, and technological development (either progressive or reactionary); enabling fisheries to prosper even as stocks decline. A suite of methods has been used to quantify the efficiency with which humans have exploited these resources over the last century, but the nature of this process over a much longer period is yet to be evaluated. Here we offer a possible approach, through the application of compound specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to archaeological and modern cod (Gadus morhua) material, to establish the trophic level of this target opportunistic predatory fish. We hypothesise that following the Fish Event Horizon (c. 11th century AD), in which marine species replace freshwater species in the archaeological record of the intensified exploitation of marine resources in the North Sea caused a gradual narrowing of biodiversity. This manifested itself as a decline in the trophic position of this species as higher trophic prey were replaced by lower ones. It is anticipated that our analyses will allow us to broadly trace the long-term development of ecosystems along the east coast of England, and view the large-scale changes of 20th and 21st century fisheries as part of a much longer history of marine exploitation. Keywords: CSIA-AA, fishing, North Sea, Gadus morhua 59 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 10 – POSTER SESSION 2. S10: TAXONOMY, OSTEOMETRY, MOLECULAR ANALYSIS, AND PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL DATA CHAIR: KENETH RITCHIE The Holocene occurrence of sturgeon in the southern North Sea Els Thieren1, Anton Ervynck2, Dick Brinkhuizen3, Alison Locker4 and Wim Van Neer1 1 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium 2 Flanders Heritage, Koning Albert II-laan 19 box 5, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium 3 Koninginnelaan 18A, 9717 BT Groningen, The Netherlands 4 Edifici L’I gla, Ati ª, A e guda del Pesse e, Es aldes-Engordany, AD700, Andorra Abstract Archaeological remains of sturgeon from the southern North Sea basin used to be automatically attributed to Acipenser sturio, since this was the only sturgeon species believed to occur in the region. However, these species identifications were in need of revision after a growing number of indications was found for the historical presence of A. oxyrinchus in western Europe. In our study, morphological and genetic data on sturgeon remains from archaeological sites along the southern North Sea have been revised. A large number of Dutch, Belgian, British and some French archaeological sturgeon remains, dating from the Mesolithic to Late Modern times, were morphologically examined and fish sizes were reconstructed. This study of more than 7000 sturgeon bones proves the sympatric occurrence of European sturgeon Acipenser sturio and Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus in the southern North Sea at least since the Neolithic (4th millennium BC onwards), with A. oxyrinchus remains always outnumbering those of A. sturio. Human impact is documented by the decrease in finds through time, but no clear evidence was found for a diachronic change in fish lengths that could possibly be related to fishing pressure. Keywords: Acipenser sturio, Acipenser oxyrinchus, archaeozoology, zoogeography 60 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments When this fish was fished? Otolith sclerochronology in a Brazilian sambaqui Caroline Borges1 and Elise Dufour2 1 Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle – CNRS UMR 7209, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements. 55, rue Buffon - F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France 2 Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle – CNRS UMR 7209, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements. 55, rue Buffon - F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France Abstract Sambaquis are unique testimonies of the long-term interactions between people and marine environments in South America. These shell mounds were constructed by fisher-hunter-gatherer groups during the middle Holocene and occur mainly along the south and south-east Brazilian Atlantic coast. Archaeozoological studies indicate that fishing was the main economic activity. However, questions still remain about the level of mobility, the fishing strategies and the patterns of site occupation of these people. Concerning these questions, otolith sclerochronology has the potential to document the seasonality of fishing at the sambaquis. The present work focuses on abundant otoliths of Micropogonias furnieri (Sciaenidae, Demarest 1823) found in the site of Piaçaguera dated to 4930 ± 110 years ago and located inside the Santos estuarine complex (São Paulo region, SE Brazil). M. furnieri is a demersal marine fish and estuarine-dependent. It has an extensive distribution and is economically significantly important. Its biology and ecology are relatively well known. This species is one of the most important in the sambaquis. Thin sections from four wellpreserved archaeological specimens and two modern specimens were studied using a sclerochronological and isotopic approach. Otoliths of M. furnieri show regular growth marks composed of translucent and opaque zones. To estimate the timing and periodicity of deposition of the growth marks, intra-otolith isotopic profiles were made. A clear match was observed between the alte atio à ofà g o thà a ksà a dà theà li alà a iatio sà i à δ18O values that are related to cyclical variations in sea temperature. Results showed that growth marks are deposited annually, corroborating previous studies of the marginal increment, and enabling the determination of the season of formation of the translucent and opaque zones in the margin of archaeological individuals. In Piaçaguera, M. furnieri was captured during the warm season and the early dry season and, so far, there is no evidence for seasonal fishing. This is the first study of archaeological otolith sclerochronology in Brazil. The preliminary results are very promising, but further analyses are needed to improve our data. Beyond that, this technique can provide more evidence concerning the way of life of these people who lived on the Brazilian coast. Keywords: sambaquis, seasonality, sclerochronology, Micropogonias furnieri, otoliths 61 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Ancient DNA analysis of Late Period (3500 to 200 cal. years BP) archaeological fish remains from the Interior Plateau region of British Columbia, Canada Thomas C.A. Royle1, George P. Nicholas1 and Dongya Y. Yang1 1 Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, Canada Abstract EeRb-144 is a large Early (>7000 cal. years BP) to Late Period (3500 to 200 cal. years BP) campsite located on a river terrace in the Interior Plateau region of British Columbia, Canada. A multi-year excavation of the site conducted as part of the Secwepemc Cultural Education Society-Simon Fraser University Archaeological Field School has recovered a large number of fragmented fish remains associated with the Late Period occupations of the site. This fragmentation has generally precluded the identification of these remains through morphological analysis to a taxonomic level lower than class. Consequently, little is known about the taxonomic focus and breadth of the Late Period fishery at EeRb-144. This study sought to identify the focus of this fishery by employing ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis to assign species identifications to a sample of Late Period fish remains from the site. The results indicate EeRbsà Lateà Pe iodà fishe à probably focused on Largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus), but also harvested a variety of other locally abundant fish species in smaller quantities. Ethnographic accounts of indigenous fishing activities in the region and the ecology of the identified species suggest fishing was undertaken in spring and summer. This study also highlights how aDNA analysis can be used to identify fish remains that are difficult to identify morphologically due to a lack of species specific morphological features. Keywords: ancient DNA analysis, Interior Plateau, Late Period, Pacific Northwest, species identification 62 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments A study of the fish bones from the medieval town - Staraya Ladoga Dyliara N. Galimova1, Igor V. Askeyev1, Oleg V. Askeyev1, Danijela Popo ić2 and Hanna Panagiotopoulou3 1 The Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420087 Kazan, Daurskaya 28, Tatarstan Republic, Russian Federation 2 Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, Poland 3 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, Poland Abstract We present results of a study of fish bones, obtained during excavations of the archaeological site of Staraya Ladoga (Leningrad region, Russian Federation) in 2009 and 2010. Most of the bone was removed f o à theà la e sà ofà theà o je tà )e l a oeà go odishe à hi hà date from the 9th – 10th century AD (Kirpichnikov, 2011). The first studies of fish bones from the site were conducted M.I. Tichiy (Tichiy, 1923) and V.D. Lebedev (Lebedev, 1960). In collections made in 2009 and 2010 (NISP > 10,000) we have identified 23 fish species. These are dominated in number of bones by Sander lucioperca, Acipenser oxyrinchus, Abramis brama, Esox Lucius and Silurus glanis. We also identified bones of Acipenser sturio, Carassius carassius, Ballerus ballerus, Ballerus sapa, Blicca bjoerkna, Aspius aspius, Leuciscus idus, Leuciscus leuciscus, Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Vimba vimba, Pelecus cultratus, Tinca tinca, Coregonus albula ladogae, Coregonus baerii, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Lota lota, and Perca fluviatilis. Bones of sturgeon species were identified using the morphological criteria of Desse-Berset (2011) and these indicated the predominance of A. oxyrinchus (> 90%) and A. sturio. Coregonidae and Salmonidae comprised less than 1% of all fish remains. Another interesting find was bones of interspecific hybrids: Rutilus rutilus × Abramis brama, Blicca bjoerkna × Abramis brama and Acipenser sturio × A. oxyrinchus. The estimated sizes (total length) and age determination are as follows: Acipenser oxyrinchus - 52,8 - 370 cm, age 3 - 45 years; Sander lucioperca - 33,8 - 108,2 cm, age 3 - 16 years; Esox Lucius - 29,2 - 139 cm, age 2-15 years; Abramis brama - 25,1 - 70 cm; Silurus glanis - 45,3 - 169,4 cm. In addition to the morphological determination of Acipenser oxyrinchus and A. sturio, we made genetic studies of these species (Galimova et al., 2013). The extraction of ancient DNA (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) from 50 bones (mtDNA analysis) showed that 45 samples are A. oxyrinchus, and only 5 samples are A. sturio. Analysis of nDNA (Aox23; Ludwig et al., 2008) revealed 1 hybrid and 2 introgressed specimens. This is the first study of ancient DNA of Acipenser oxyrinchus and A. sturio from the Russian Federation. Keywords: Staraja Ladoga, fish bones, ancient DNA 63 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG References Desse-Berset N. Discrimination of Acipenser sturio, Acipenser oxyrinchus and Acipenser naccarii by morphology of bones and osteometry. In: Williot P, Rochard E, Desse-Berset N, J. Gessner J, Kirschbaum F, eds. Biology and conservation of the European sturgeon Acipenser sturio L. 1758: the reunion of the European and Atlantic sturgeons. Berlin: Springer; 2011: 23–52. Galimova DN, Popo ićà D,à Pa agiotopoulouà H,à áske e IV, Askeyev OV. Preliminary results of ancient DNA of fish remains from archaeological sites. In: Askeyev IV, Askeyev OV, Ivanov DV, eds. Proceedings of the Third Russian Scientiﬁc Conference on the Dynamics of Modern Ecosystems in the Holocene. Kazan: Otechestvo; 2013: 118-122 (in Russian). Kirpichnikov AN. Excavation report Staraya Ladoga archaeological expedition of the Institute of History and Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, in the Staraya Ladoga settlement of Volkhov district of Leningrad region in 2010. Archive of the Archaeology Institute Russian Academy of Sciences; 2011 (in Russian). Lebedev VD. The freshwater ichthyofauna of the Quaternary of the European USSR. Moscow: Moscow State University; 1960 (in Russian). Ludwig A, Arndt U, Lippold S, Benecke N, Debus L, King TL, Matsu u aà “.à T a i gà theà ﬁ stà stepsà ofà á e i a à stu geo à pioneers in Europe. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2008; 8: 221. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-221. Tichiy MI. Acipenser from excavations of Staraya Ladoga. In: Deriugin KM, ed. Proceedings of the first congress of the Russian zoologists, anatomists and histologists in Petrograd 15-21 December 1922. Petrograd: Russian Hydrological Institute typography; 1923: 35-36 (in Russian). 64 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Diag osti bones for Great Lakes taxa re isited: Lessons from deposits with (mostly) whole fish Suzanne Needs-Howarth1, 2 and Alicia L. Hawkins3 1 Perca Zooarchaeological Research, Toronto Trent University Archaeological Research Centre, Peterborough, c/o Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada 3 Archaeology Program, School of the Environment, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada 2 Abstract The representation of the various cranial bones differs among fish taxa commonly recovered from archaeological sites. Various researchers have proposed basing quantification on subsets of bones in order to circumvent this variability (e.g., Leach 1986; Harland et al. 2003). In a continuing project, we have been following up from Needs-Ho a th sà ài itialà o kào àesta lishi gàso-called diagnostic bones for Great Lakes fish families, with the incorporation of larger datasets, from different drainages, and with differing proportions of the various fish taxa (Needs-Howarth and Hawkins 2014). Coinciding with that, NeedsHowarth analyzed a large assemblage of Clupeidae bones that probably resulted from a die-off (NeedsHowarth et al. 2013). Surprisingly (or perhaps not), this assemblage, which one might anticipate to have similar MAU values for the various elements, still had quite an uneven representation of the different o es.àáàsu e àofàp e iousl àpu lishedàasse lagesàthatà eà ouldàalsoàe pe tàtoàha eà o eà ideal à o eà representation than we find in typical Great Lakes assemblages—such as dried flatfish production waste and preserved herring—shows that these assemblages, too, have uneven MAU representation of the readily identifiable cranial bones. We explore various taphonomic explanations relating to the Great Lakes assemblages and offer some suggestions as to how zooarchaeologists might deal with this bias, while acknowledging that there is no ideal solution. Keywords: element representation, taphonomy, MAU References Harland, J.F., Barrett, J.H., Carrott, J., Dobney, K., Jaques, D., 2003. The York system: An integrated zooarchaeological database for research and teaching, Internet Archaeology 13, http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.11113.11145. Leach, B.F., 1986. A method for the analysis of Pacific island fishbone assemblages and an associated database management system, Journal of Archaeological Science 13 147–159. Needs-Howarth, S., 2001. Diagnostic elements to facilitate inter- and intra-site comparison of pre-contact fish remains from the Great Lakes area, in: Buitenhuis, H., Prummel, W. (Eds.), Animals and Man in the Past: Essays in Honour of Dr. A.T. Clason. ARC-Publicatie 41, Archaeological Research and Consultancy, Groningen, pp. 400–407. Needs-Howarth, S., Hawkins, A.L., 2014. All fish are not createdà e ual:à Diag osti à ele e ts à fo à G eatà Lakesà ta aà revisited. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Symposium of the Ontario Archaeological Society, Peterborough, Ontario. Needs-Howarth, S., Mandrak, N., Weland, C., Longstaffe, F., Yau, G., Austin, S., 2013. DNA barcoding and stable isotope analysis shed new light on the time-depth of Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Ontario. Poster presented at the International Council for Archaeozoology Fish Remains Working Group, Tallinn. 65 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Estimation of fish size from archaeological bones of marine catfishes (Ariopsis felis): assessing pre-Hispanic fisheries of two Mayan sites Nayeli Jiménez-Cano Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Laboratorio de Arqueozologia Calle Darwin, 2. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain Abstract The presence of marine catfishes (Ariopsis felis) in several pre-Hispanic Mayan sites indicates their importance in the economy of the region. The present study presents a method for predicting marine catfish body size, standard length, total length and weight, from bones usually recovered from archaeological sites. Osteometrical studies provide allometric formulae with high regression coefficients that were derived from 36 fresh catfish. Based on the regression coefficients, reliability of the measurements and survivorship of the bones in archaeological contexts, the following measurements were used: length of the parasupraoccipital, width and length of the otoliths, width of the dorsal spine, and width of the pectoral spines. The resulting equations were applied to archaeological fish bones from two Maya sites, Xcambó and Mayapán. The application of the osteometric results provides an assessment of the contribution of fish to the economy and permits the identification of fishing methods from two Mayan settlements. These range in date from the Classic (250-750 A.P) to Postclassic (900-1461 A.P) periods. Keywords: osteometry, catfishes, pre-Hispanic fisheries, Maya 66 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments El Niño and trans-Holocene trends in Eastern Pacific fish: a pilot study from Abrigo de los Escorpiones, Baja California Kathryn A. Mohlenhoff University of Utah, USA Abstract Many questions surround trends in the dynamics of prehistoric fisheries and fish use along the Pacific Coast of North America. Marine fish are particularly sensitive to changes in their environment. These include changes in sea surface temperature (SST) that change cyclically with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Trans-Holocene palaeontological or archaeological sites with large faunal assemblages, although relatively rare, are the ideal tool for use in reconstructing these palaeoenvironmental records. Here, I report a pilot study from Abrigo de los Escorpiones, a well-dated and stratified site from the Pacific Coast of Baja California. This initial study provides a record of the the last ~2000 years. A wide variety of fish taxa were identified, including a large proportion of surfperch (Embiotocidae). Rockfish (Sebastes sp.), sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii), and California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher), were also identified in this assemblage. Richness and evenness values were calculated for each level to track relative taxonomic abundance through time. Evenness values in particular have the potential to reflect El Niño frequency; higher values through time could indicate an expanding diet breadth due to decreased encounter rates in the highest-ranked fisheries. A significant increase in evenness values through time was revealed, which tracks with the increase in El Niño frequency in the late Holocene. This work has modern value as well as it reconstructs an extended record of marine environments that can inform on modern rehabilitation and conservation efforts. Keywords: ENSO, palaeoenvironment, Baja California, marine fish 67 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG SESSION 10 – POSTER SESSION 3. S10: FISHING, FISH CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL ARCHAEOICHTHYOLOGICAL ANALYSIS CHAIR: TATIANA THEODOROPOULOU Fish remains from the Early Pleistocene hominid site of Barranco León (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) Àngel Blanco1, Jordi Agustí2,3,4, Huges-Alexandre Blain2,3, Robert Sala2,3 and Isidro Toro5 1 Institut für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment (HEP), Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany 2 IPHES, Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n (Edifici W3), Campus Sescelades, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain 3 Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya, 35, E-43002 Tarragona, Spain 4 ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain 5 Museo Arqueológico de Granada, C/ Carrera del Darro, 41, E-18010 Granada, Spain Abstract The Guadix-Baza basin is located in the Betic Ranges (southern Iberian Peninsula) and overlies Mesozoic rocks. This basin was filled by marine rocks during part of the Miocene and continental infill was active until the middle Pleistocene. The Plio-Pleistocene basin infill is built up by the alluvial and fluvial Guadiz Formation (Viseras, 1991) while the lacustrine and palustrine formations are those of Baza, Gorafe-Huélago and Sola (Vera, 1970). The early Pleistocene archaeo-palaeontologial site of Barranco León (Guadix-Baza Basin, SE Spain) is located in the shallow lacustrine areas close to the basin margin and records the oldest hominin occurrence in Europe (Toro et al., 2013) as well as a great number of stone tools and one human tooth with an abundant fauna of large and small vertebrates. This paper describes the study of one taxon of small vertebrates, the ichthyofauna, which has hitherto been little studied at this site (Doadrio & Casado, 1989; De Marfà, 2007). The studied fish remains were recovered during the excavation and washing campaigns of 2010-11 and correspond to levels D1 and D2 (both belonging to the early Pleistocene, 1.4 My). All remains recovered belonged to the Cyprinidae family which are well conserved. This study improves our knowledge of the palaeogeography and palaeoclimatology during the early Pleistocene of the Guadix-Baza basin. This study was financed by the national research project CGL2012-38358. Keywords: Barranco León, Guadix-Baza Basin, Early Pleistocene, ictiofauna, Cyprinidae References De Marfà, R. (2007) Microfauna del Plesitoceno inferior de Barranco León y Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Granada, España): Estudio Preliminar. Actas del III Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología. Almécija, S, Casanovas-Vilar, I; Furió, M; Madurell, J; Marmi, J; Vila, B. (eds), 2007, pp 45-55 Doadrio, I, & Casado, P. (1989) Nota sobre la ictiofauna continental de los yacimientos de la cuenca de Guadiz-Baza (Granada). Geología y Paleontología de la Cuenca de Guadiz-Baza. Trabajos sobre Neógeno-Cuaternario 11, 139-150 68 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Toro-Moyano, I., Martínez-Navarro, B., Agustí J., Souday, C., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Martinón-Torres, M., Fajardo, B., Duval, M., Falguères, C., Oms, O., Parés, J.M., Anadón, P., Julià, R., García-Aguilar, J.M., Moigne, A.M., Espigares, M.P., Ros-Montoya, S., Palmqvist, P. (2013) The oldest fossil in Europe, form Orce (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution 65, 1-9 Vera, J.A.(1970) Estudio estratigráfico de la Depresión de Guadiz-Baza, Boletín Geológico Minero 84, 429-462 Viseras, C. (1991) Estratigrafía y sedimentología del relleno aluvial de la Cuenca de Guadix (Cordilleras Béticas). Tesis Doctoral, univ. De Granada, 327 p. 69 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fishing the sensitive information: reconstructing fish processing practices from the MesolithicNeolithic Iron Gates (north-central Balkans) I a a Ži alje ić1 and Mili a Lopičić2 1 Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Serbia 2 Abstract The Iron Gates area (Danube Gorges, north-central Balkans) have revealed fascinating evidence of human occupation over a long time, spanning the Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene. It has been hypothesized that favourable fishing conditions lead to the prolonged stay of human communities at least from the regional Early Mesolithic (c. 9500-7400 cal. BC). Intensive exploitation of river resources enabled the establishment and development of the first (semi)sedentary settlements during the Late Mesolithic and Neolithic (c. 7400-5500 cal. BC). Numerous fish remains and isotopic signatures of individuals buried at the sites confirm the significant role of aquatic resources in peoples à subsistence. The occurrence of large quantities of stone and bone tools have led to conclusions that some of them must have been used in fish procurement and processing. However, to date, no clear connections between knapped stone artifacts and fish processing activities have been demonstrated. The poster presents preliminary results of the experimental work undertaken in order to reconstruct fish scaling and butchering practices. We have knapped chert and used non-retouched flakes to clean slime, scales, to filet and decapitate different fresh water fish whose presence in the Iron Gates has been documented via archaeozoological evidence. In addition, chert artifacts and fish bones with traces of butchery have also been documented in this particular context. The aim of this continuing research is to shed more light on the relationship between tools and fish processing activities, which were of vital importance in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Iron Gates. Keywords: fish processing, knapped stone artifacts, experimental, cut-marks, use-wear 70 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments A Tale of Two Shell Deposits: aquatic resource use at the Copper Age site of Pietrele, Romania Kenneth Ritchie Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology, Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany 24837 Abstract Two shell deposits at a Copper Age tell site at Pietrele, Romania (one on the tell and one in the outer settlement) have faunal assemblages that point to significantly different utilization of aquatic resources, despite their being approximately contemporary. Most of the shells in the deposit on the tell are aquatic snails while those from the outer settlement are mostly freshwater mussels. Although the types of fishes present are substantially the same, the relative importance of the fishes varies significantly. The identified fish bones from the outer settlement are predominately cyprinid fishes, but on the tell there is a more even distribution of fish taxa. The sizes of the fishes also vary, with larger specimens represented in the remains on the tell. The causes and meanings of these differences are still uncertain, but continuing analyses of other materials from these contexts may help to resolve these questions. Keywords: Chalcolithic, Romania, Danube, tell 71 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fish remains from the Middle Ages well in via Satta at Sassari (Sardinia, Italy) Barbara Wilkens Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy Abstract Archaeological remains from a well in via Satta in Sassari have been dated to the beginning of the fourteenth century A.D. On the basis of the botanical finds, the filling of the well probably accumulated in a few months and represents the diet of a wealthy family of the period. There are numerous remains of fish, of which I have identified many species - both small and medium-sized. The town of Sassari is not on the seaside and so fish were imported from the coast. A contemporary code of laws regulated the sale of fish and other food in the town. Keywords: fish, Middle Ages, Sardinia 72 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments On an ichthyo-archaeological method to trace Jewish urban households. A study of fish remains from Post-Medieval Amsterdam and Medieval Cologne Jan K. Bakker Independent ichthyo-archaeologist, Maartensdijklaan 323, 2541XL The Hague, The Netherlands. Abstract This study focuses on 18th century fish remains from an urban site located at the Valkenburgerstraat in Amsterdam. The location of the Valkenburgerstraat 130à siteà ithi à á ste da sà oldà Je ishà ua te à makes it probable that it was inhabited by Jews. Because of this presumed Jewish background it is to be expected that the Jewish dietary laws of kashrut may be reflected in its faunal assemblage. Besides a prohibition on the consumption of ruminants lacking cloven hooves and a number of other mammals and birds, according to kashrut the consumption of fish without fins and/or scales is also forbidden. These a i alsàa eà o side edàtoà eà u lea à- in Yiddish treif (meaning unclean food). The word is derived from the Hebrew Tareif meaning the same). Additionally, a number of supplementary criteria apply for the designation of treif fish.à Mostà i po ta tà a à eà theà fa tà thatà theà fish sà s alesà eedà toà eà e o a leà without damaging its skin. An example of a treif fish which meets the above mentioned criteria, and which is perhaps one of the most frequently consumed species of fish in the Low Countries, is the European eel. The exclusion of fish like European eel from the Valkenburgerstraat may indicate that it was indeed occupied by Jews. Unfortunately, similar research on fish consumption by Jews has only been done spo adi all .àThe efo e,ài ào de àtoà o pa eàtheàValke u ge st aat sàfishà e o dà ithàothe àNo th-Western European sites, the contents of four cesspits located at the predominantly Jewish area of the Waterlooplein in Amsterdam together with four complexes located within the Medieval Jewish quarter of Cologne were added to this study. The result of this comparative study indicates that treif fish were consumed in very small quantities at most of these sites, including the Valkenburgerstraat. Because these amounts are considered to be very low and most probably the result of a sporadic unorthodox consumption or misunderstanding, together with the fact that European eel appears to have been consumed in far greater quantities at non-Jewish sites in Amsterdam, one can conclude that the Valkenburgerstraat was probably occupied by Jews. Keywords: Amsterdam, Cologne, Judaism, Kashrut, eel 73 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Fishing methods used in the past from archaeological, archaeo-ichthyological and ethnographic perspective Miroslawa Zabilska-Kunek Institute of Archaeology University of Rzeszow, Moniuszki 10, PL 35-015 Rzeszow, Poland Abstract Fishing methods used in the past are of interest to archaeologists and archaeozoologists for several reasons. They can be the basis for a consideration of technological knowledge and skills of prehistoric societies. They can also be used to discuss such issues as the time and energy involved in fishing, that may indicate the relative importance of fish in the diet and economy. Reconstructions of prehistoric fishing techniques are usually based on artefacts (hooks, fishing traps, sinkers etc.) and fish remains. The first type of finds, however, is rather rare in Poland. Many of them were probably lost during fishing and nowadays they are often found outside the archaeological sites. The chronological identification of such artefacts is possible only by comparison with similar, well dated finds from other regions of Europe. Fish remains are more numerous and their chronology is usually well known (see for example Makowiecki, 2003). Old fishing methods have been detailed as described in ethnographic references (Znamierowska-Prüfferowa, 1957, 1988). These three kinds of data, however, have not yet been brought together in one article. This paper will present an overview of fishing techniques used in the Polish territory since the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. It will be based upon archaeological, archaeo-ichthyological and ethnographic data. Moreover, when possible, written sources and historical documents will also be used. Keywords: fishing methods, Poland, archaeology, ichthyology, ethnography References Makowiecki, D., 2003. Histo ia y i y ołó st a holo e ie a Niżu Polski ś ietle adań a heoi htiologi z y h, Poz ań. Znamierowska-Prüfferowa, M., 1957. Ry a kie a zędzia kol e Pols e i k aja h sąsied i h,àTo uń. Znamierowska-Prüfferowa, M., 1988. T ady yj e y ołó st o ludo e Pols e a tle z io ó i adań te e o y h Muzeum Etnograficznego w Toruniu,àTo uń. 74 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Tackling fishbones: an integrated approach to Roman fisheries Lee Antonio Graña Nicolaou University of Reading, Whiteknights, Box 227, Reading, RG6 6AB, England Abstract What can the study of fishbone remains from Roman sites tell us about ancient fisheries and fishermen? The growing number of fishbone remains recovered and studied from Roman contexts continues to feed the debate on the socio-economic importance of fishing in the ancient world. However, although the number of case studies is increasing, there continues to be a focus on fish processing sites. As a result, 'Roman fishing' is frequently associated with 'fish sauce'. Although the industrial scale salting of fish for sauce or dry salted products is of notable importance, to concentrate solely on this sector often clouds an underlying structure of equal or greater significance: the fisheries. Whether a permanent fixture to the processing sites, or independent organization within local settlements, Roman fishermen were able to exploit the local resources to an unprecedented scale. There have been few attempts to interpret how these fisheries functioned: the number of fishermen, the tools used, the seasons of fishing and the targeted species or marine habitats. These all require closer attention. The disparity between different research projects is often a result of the scarce archaeological evidence and the need for a complex interdisciplinary approach. This poster will outline preliminary results of a continuing project which seeks to demonstrate the significance of fishbone remains, in combination with other influential studies, in identifying the diversity and distribution of Roman fisheries. By focusing on the Iberian Peninsula and several case studies therein, hypotheses will be tested on how tools and species may be correlated. I will argue that fishbone analysis can ultimately successfully tell us about both small-scale and large-scale fisheries. Keywords: fishbones, Roman, fisheries, Iberian Peninsula 75 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Number of participants, papers and posters presented, in former FRWG Meetings1 Meeting Participants (N) Papers (N) Posters (N) Copenhagen 1981 16 7 Sophia Antipolis 1983 30 19 Groningen 1985 28 19 5 York 1987 38 35 3 Stora Kornö 1989 32 31 6 Schleswig 1991 33 37 5 Leuven 1993 48 36 6 Madrid 1995 57 50 12 Panama City 1997 38 32 3 New York City 1999 43 35 Paihia 2001 56 39 Guadalajara 2003 45 34 Augusta Raurica, Basel 2005 45 31 6 Antibes 2007 87 38 17 Poznań - Toruń 2009 75 43 7 Jerusalem 2011 64 40 12 Tallinn 2013 35 32 3 TOTAL 770 558 85 Lisboa 2015 71 42 16 1 th after MAKOWIECKI D., HAMILTON-DYER S., RIDDLER I., TRZASKA-NARTOWSKI N. and MAKOHONIENKO M. (eds.) 2009. The 15 Meeting of the ICAZ Fish Remains Working Group (FRWG) Fishes – Culture – Environment Through Archaeoichthyology, Ethnography & History ,à ”‘ODOWI“KOà Ià KULTU‘á,àTo à à (ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE, Vol. 7): 10; ZOHAR I. and FRADKIN A. eds. ,à .à Fishà a dà Fishi g.à á haeologi al,à á th opologi al,à Tapho o i alà a dà E ologi alà pe spe ti es.à Archaeofauna, 22; th LÕUGAS L. (ed.), 2013. A fish Story or History? Evidence from the past. Program and Abstracts. 17 Meeting of the ICAZ Fish Remains Working Group, Tallinn 76 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG List of Participants and Contributors * in bold – conference participants, plain text – coauthors of paper or poster presentations Jordi AGUSTÍ Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats. Catalunya, Spain Huges-Alexandre BLAIN IPHES, Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social; Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Catalunya, Spain Søren H. ANDERSEN Moesgård Museum. Denmark Àngel BLANCO-LAPAZ Institut für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment. Germany e-mail: angel.blanco.geoterna@gmail.com Ana Cristina ARAÚJO Direcção Geral do Património Cultural - Laboratório de Arqueociências; EnvArch-CIBIO-InBIO. Portugal e-mail: acaraujo@dgpc.pt Oleg V. ASKEYEV The Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Russia Igor V. ASKEYEV The Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Russia Nina Vieira AZEVEDO Departamento de História, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Portugal ninavieira.pt@gmail.com Jan K. BAKKER Independent ichthyo-archaeologist. Netherlands e-mail: jan.k.bakker@gmail.com James H. BARRETT McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge. UK e-mail: jhb41@cam.ac.uk László BARTOSIEWICZ Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University. Sweden e-mail: bartwicz@yahoo.com Philippe BÉAREZ CNRS-MNHN UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et E i o e e ts,à Mus u à Natio alà d Histoi eà Naturelle. France e-mail:bearez@mnhn.fr Dario BERNAL-CASASOLA Área de Arqueología. Universidad de Cádiz. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Spain. dario.bernal@uca.es Caroline BORGES Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle – CNRS UMR 7209, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements. France e-mail: arqueocarol@gmail.com Dick BRINKHUIZEN Koninginnelaan 18A, 9717 BT Groningen. Netherlands Cristina BRITO Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Centro de História de Além-Mar. Portugal Virginia L. BUTLER Department of Anthropology, University. USA e-mail: virginia@pdx.edu Portland Gabriele CARENTI Sassari University, Department of Environmental Sciences. Italy e-mail: gabrielecarenti@gmail.com State Nature and Aurelien CHRISTOL Université de Lyon (Lyon 3), UMR 5600 EVS. France Richard COOKE Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Archaeology Laboratory. Panama Ana COSTA Direcção Geral do Património Cultural - Laboratório de Arqueociências; EnvArch-CIBIO-InBIO. Portugal e-mail: acosta@dgpc.pt Cláudia COSTA The Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB). Universidade do Algarve e-mail: ccordeirocosta@gmail.com 78 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Oliver CRAIG BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York. UK Mark CULLING Evolutionary Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull. UK Simon DAVIS Direcção Geral do Património Cultural - Laboratório de Arqueociências; EnvArch-CIBIO-InBIO. Portugal e-mail: simonjmdavis@gmail.com Susan D. DeFRANCE Department of Anthropology, University of Florida. USA e-mail: sdef@ufl.edu José Juan DÍAZ-RODRÍGUEZ Área de Arqueología. Universidad de Cádiz. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Spain. David DJOUI Aix Marseille Université, CNRS , Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, CCJ UMR 7299, F-13628 ; Musée départemental Arles antique, F-13200. France Elise DUFOUR Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle – CNRS UMR 7209, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements. France e-mail: edufour@mnhn.fr Monica DÜTTING Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Belgium e-mail: mdutting@naturalsciences.be Anton ERVYNCK Flanders Heritage. Belgium José Ángel EXPÓSITO-ÁLVAREZ Conjunto Arqueológico de Baelo Claudia. Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Junta de Andalucía. Cádiz. Spain. Carlos FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Departamento de Historia, Universidad de León. Spain Arlene FRADKIN Department of Anthropology, University of Florida. USA e-mail: afradkin@fau.edu Sónia GABRIEL Direcção Geral do Património Cultural - Laboratório de Arqueociências; EnvArch-CIBIO-InBIO. Portugal e-mail:sgabriel@dgpc.pt Alfred GALIK Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna. Austria Dilyara N. GALIMOVA The Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Russia e-mail: galimovad@gmail.com Nicolas GEOPFERT CNRS-Paris 1 UMR 8096 'Archéologie des Amériques. France Eduardo GONZÁLEZ-GÓMEZ Departamento de Historia, Universidad de León. Spain Sally GRAINGER Independent scholar. UK e-mail: sallygrain@aol.com Lee Antonio GRAÑA University of Reading. UK e-mail: L.A.GranaNicolaou@pgr.reading.ac.uk Simone HÄBERLE IPNA, University of Basel. Switzerland e-mail: simone.haeberle@unibas.ch Sheila HAMILTON-DYER Independent ichthyo-archaeologist. UK Lori Lawson HANDLEY Evolutionary Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull. UK Bernd HÄNFLING Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia. Canada Jennifer HARLAND Archaeology Institute, University of the Highlands; Islands Orkney College. Scotland, UK e-mail: Jen.Harland@uhi.ac.uk Stuart HAWKINS College of Asia & the Pacific. Department of Archaeology and Natural History. The Australian National University. Australia Dorian FULLER Institute of Archaeology, University College London. UK 79 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Alicia L. HAWKINS Archaeology Program, School of the Environment, Laurentian University Alison LOCKER Edifi ià L I gla,à áti à ª,à à á e gudaà delà Pesse e,à Escaldes-Engordany. Andorra. Richard C. HOFFMANN Department of History, York University. Canada e-mail: medfish@yorku.ca Juan Antonio LÓPEZ-PADILLA MARQ (Museo arqueologico provincial, Alicante. Spain Poul HOLM Department of History. Trinity College Dublin. Ireland Mili aàLOPIČIĆ Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade. Serbia William F. HUTCHINSON Evolutionary Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull. UK Lembi LÕUGAS Institute of History, Tallinn University. Estonia e-mail: lembilgs@tlu.ee Gábor ILON National Heritage Museum. Hungary Julien LOUYS College of Asia & the Pacific-Department of Archaeology and Natural History. The Australian National University. Australia Centre, Hungarian National Máximo JIMENÉZ Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Archaeology Laboratory. Panama Nayeli JIMÉNEZ-CANO Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Spain e-mail: njimenezcano@gmail.com Copernicus Ricard MARLASCA Posidonia S.L. Av. Sant Jordi nº 13, 4º c. 07800 Ibiza. Spain. Andrew K.G. JONES Independent ichthyo-archaeologist. UK e-mail: akgjones@gmail.com Sharyn JONES Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Philosophy, Northern Kentucky University. USA e-mail: joness33@nku.edu Daniel MAKOWIECKI Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus University. Poland e-mail: Daniel.Makowiecki@umk.pl Louise MARTIN Institute of Archaeology, University College London. UK and Hélène JOUSSE INRAP, centre de recherches archéologiques de Carquefou. France Olga KRYLOVICH Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences. Russia e-mail: constrictor@rambler.ru Hans Christian KÜCHELMANN Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum Bremerhaven. Germany e-mail: Kuechelmann@dsm.museum Susana MARTÍNEZ University of the Algarve. Portugal e-mail: susanavictoriamartinez@gmail.com María Fernanda MARTÍNEZ-POLANCO Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Archaeology Laboratory. Panama e-mail: mfmartinezp@gmail.com Ana Cristina MARTINS Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas; Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Portugal e-mail: ana.c.martins@zonmail.pt William LANDON Department of History and Geography, Northern Kentucky University. USA Rachelle E. V. MARTYN BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York. UK e-mail: revm500@york.ac.uk Omri LERNAU Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa. Israel e-mail: ozlernau@netmedia.net.il Patrícia MENDES Direcção Geral do Património Cultural - Laboratório de Arqueociências; EnvArch-CIBIO-InBIO. Portugal e-mail: patimmendes@gmail.com 80 FISHING THROUGH TIME Archaeoichthyology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Human Impact on Aquatic Environments Kathryn A. MOHLENHOFF University of Utah. USA e-mail: kamohlenhoff@gmail.com Arturo MORALES-MUÑIZ Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Spain e-mail: arturo.morales@uam.es Dimitra MYLONA Institute for Aegean Prehistory, Study Center for East Crete. Greece e-mail: dmylona@hotmail.com Mariana NABAIS University College London. UK e-mail:mariananabais@gmail.com Suzanne NEEDS-HOWARTH Perca Zooarchaeological Research, Toronto; Trent University Archaeological Research Centre, Peterborough, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Trent University, Peterborough. Canada e-mail: suzanne.needs@gmail.com George P. NICHOLAS Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University Rebecca NICHOLSON Oxford Archaeology. UK e-mail: rebecca.nicholson@oxfordarch.co.uk Ingrid NURMINEN Finland Katariina NURMINEN University of Helsinki. Department of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies/ Archaeology. Finland e-mail: katariina.nurminen@gmail.com Ta si àC.àO CONNELL University of Cambridge - Division of Archaeology. UK Sue O'CONNOR College of Asia & the Pacific-Department of Archaeology and Natural History. The Australian National University. Australia David ORTON BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York. UK Hanna PANAGIOTOPOULOU Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science. Poland Carlos PIMENTA Direcção Geral do Património Cultural - Laboratório de Arqueociências; EnvArch-CIBIO-InBIO. Portugal e-mail: cpimenta@dgpc.pt Inês Vaz PINTO TROIARESORT; Centro de Estudos de Arqueologia, Artes e Ciências do Património. Portugal e-mail: ivpinto@troiaresort.pt Gaël PIQUES ASM - Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR5140. France e-mail: gael.piques@cnrs.fr Heide Hüster PLOGMANN IPNA, University of Basel. Switzerland e-mail: Heide.huester-plogmann@unibas.ch Da ijelaàPOPOVIĆ Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw. Poland Ling QIN School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University. China Eve RANNAMÄE Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Estonia e-mail: everannamae@gmail.com Elizabeth J. REITZ Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia. USA e-mail: ereitz@uga.edu Rebecca REYNOLDS Independent ichthyo-archaeologist. UK e-mail: reynolds.rebecca@gmail.com Michael P. RICHARDS Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia. Canada Kristine Korzow RICHTER BioArCh, University of York. UK e-mail: kkr501@york.ac.uk Kenneth RITCHIE Center for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology. Germany e-mail: kcritchie@hotmail.com Callum ROBERTS Department of Environment, University of York 81 th 18 International Council for Archaeozoology Fishing Remains Working Group – ICAZ / FRWG Harry K. ROBSON BioArch, University of York. UK e-mail: hkrobson@hotmail.co.uk Margaux TILLIER ASM - Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR5140. France Eufrasia ROSELLÓ-IZQUIERDO Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Spain e-mail: eufrasia.rosello@uam.es Isidro del TORO Museo Arqueológico de Granada. Spain Mª Milagrosa ROS-SALA University of Murcia. Spain Thomas C.A. ROYLE Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University. Canada e-mail: troyle@sfu.ca Antonio M. SÁEZ-ROMERO Grupo de Investigación HUM-440, Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía Universidad de Cádiz. Spain e-mail: antonio.saez@uca.es Área de y Letras, Robert SALA IPHES, Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social; Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). Catalunya, Spain Sofía C. SAMPER-CARRO College of Asia & the Pacific-Department of Archaeology and Natural History. The Australian National University. Australia e-mail: u5431438@anu.edu.au Corinne SANCHEZ ASM - Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, UMR5140. France Jörg SCHIBLER IPNA, University of Basel. Switzerland Paul SERENO University of Chicago, Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy. USA Marrie TENSEN Netherlands e-mail: marrie.tensen@solcon.nl Tatiana THEODOROPOULOU Equipe de Protohistoire Egéenne, CNRS-UMR7041, Maison René Ginouvès. France e-mail: tatheod@hotmail.com Wim VAN NEER Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics. Belgium e-mail: wvanneer@naturalsciences.be Josep M. VERGÉS Institut català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social. Catalunya, Spain Barbara WILKENS Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Sassari. Italy e-mail: archeozoowilkens@gmail.com George A. WOLFF Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill. Ireland Wim WOUTERS Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Belgium e-mail: wwouters@naturalsciences.be Dongya Y. YANG Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University. Canada Lisa YEOMANS Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen. Denmark e-mail: lisayeomans350@hotmail.com Miroslawa ZABILSKA-KUNEK Institute of Archaeology University of Rzeszow. Poland e-mail: mirkazabilska@gmail.com Ying ZHANG School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University. China e-mail: zhangying0601@gmail.com I a a ŽIVALJEVIĆ Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrad. Serbia e-mail:ivziv81@yahoo.co Els THIEREN Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics. Belgium 82 ORGANISING INSTITUTIONS INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION SPONSORS SUPPORT

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