Even single words in isolation can evoke emotional reactions, but the mechanisms by which emotion is involved in automatic lexical processing are unclear. Previous studies using extremely similar materials and methods have yielded apparently incompatible patterns of results. In much previous work, however, words' emotional content is entangled with other non-emotional characteristics such as frequency of occurrence, familiarity and age of acquisition, all of which have potential consequences for lexical processing themselves. In the present study, the authors compare different models of emotion using the British Lexicon Project, a large-scale freely available lexical decision database. After controlling for the potentially confounding effects of non-emotional variables, a variety of statistical approaches revealed that emotional words, whether positive or negative, are processed faster than neutral words. This effect appears to be categorical rather than graded; is not modulated by emotional arousal; and is not limited to words explicitly referring to emotions. The authors suggest that emotional connotations facilitate processing due to the grounding of words' meanings in emotional experience.

espanolEstudios anteriores han revelado que las palabras con contenido emocional tienen un efecto facilitador para la memoria de los hablantes tanto de primera como de segunda lengua. Este estudio investiga como el cariz emocional de una historia, activado a traves de senales audiovisuales, afecta la adquisicion de elementos lexicos nuevos en hablantes de espanol como segunda lengua. Los resultados de una tarea de Asignacion de Imagen y una de Nombramiento sugieren que loscontextos emocionales positivos tienen un efecto facilitador para el reconocimiento y posterior evocacion de los elementos meta en comparacion con contextos emocionales neutros y negativos. Para la pedagogia de L2, estos resultados sugieren que la adquisicion y retencion lexica se puede mejorar a traves de la incorporacion de materiales didacticos con un componente emocional positivo. EnglishPrevious studies have found a facilitative memory effect for emotional content words in both L1 and L2 speakers. The present ...

This chapter studies the changing ways in which issues ot work are discussed throughout Ranciere's writings. Four key moments can be delineated in Ranciere's writings that relate to the work question: an early structuralist moment, in which work offers no meaningful reference; a leftist moment, where work by contrast is the central reference; a moment of hesitancy, where workers remain the key subjects of politics but the work reference is rejected; and a mature period where all traces of earlier 'workerism' seem to have disappeared. The journey that the category of work traces throughout Ranciere's oeuvre thus seems to be easily retraced as a story of ebb and flow. Against this appearance, I would like to show that Ranciere's relationship to the work reference is in fact much more complex. Attention to the letter of Ranciere's texts shows that the question of work continues to cast a long shadow in his later writings. The apparent abandon of work as the ground of politics is only superficial. One can in fact continue to identify important remainders of the earlier work references even in the mature writings.

Le tangoute, langue médiévale au régime documentaire s’étalant principalement du XIème au XIIIème siècle, revêt en linguistique sino-tibétaine une importance toute particulière, du fait de sa profondeur historique et de son appartenance au taxon gyalronguique, un des plus conservateurs du sino-tibétain. Nombre de travaux, principalement de nature philologique et phonologique ont été menés sur cette langue, d’abord en Union soviétique, puis au Japon, en Chine continentale et à Taiwan. Cependant, les études, bien que systématiques, de Nishida (1964/66) et Kepping (1985) ne répondaient pas complètement à la définition d’une grammaire descriptive, laquelle restait un manque à combler au sein du champ de la documentation des langues sino-tibétaines. La thèse se propose de répondre à ce manque, en fournissant aux typologues et aux comparatistes un outil complet et cohérent, dont l’originalité de l’approche réside dans la mise en regard du tangoute avec les langues gyalronguiques les plus proches jamais documentées, du taxon horpa. Après une introduction historique, culturelle, et linguistique (classification, typologie, parties de discours) à la langue tangoute, la thèse considère successivement la phonologie (proposant de nouvelles reconstructions), le syntagme nominal, les constituants de nature adverbiale et les verbes. ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- Tangut is a medieval language whose existence is attested across a period from the 11th to the 13th century. Its importance arises not only because it is the third oldest of all the historically widely attested languages within Sino-Tibetan, but also because it belongs to the Gyalrongic subgroup, one of the most conservative taxons of the family. While research has been carried out on this language, it has mainly been conducted with a philological or phonological approach, first in the Soviet Union, then in Japan, continental China, and Taiwan. The work done by Nishida (1964/66) and Kepping (1985), although systematic, does not meet the requirements of a description grammar; the doctoral thesis addresses this gap, thus making a noticeable contribution to the field of Sino-Tibetan linguistics. The research provides typologists and comparative linguists with a comprehensive and coherent tool, the originality of which lies in the use of comparison with the Gyalrongic languages of the closest taxon ever documented (Horpa). After a historical, cultural, and linguistic (classification, typology, parts of speech) overview of the language, the thesis considers successively the phonology (providing new reconstructions), the nominal phrase, the adverbial clauses, and finally the verb.