Appendix

APPENDIX ANNOTATED LIST OF MAIN LOCAL MEDIA SOURCES CONSULTED BH Danas Type: Location: Weekly Magazine Mostar BH Danas (BiH Today) was published briefly in 2000 and 2001. It was owned by National Holding d.o.o. and basically served as a mouthpiece for the HDZ party. A strong supporter of the Catholic Church and overtly Croat nationalist paper, BH Danas was eventually shut down. bljesak.info Type: Location: Website: Online Magazine Mostar www.bljesak.info/ Bljesak.info (flash) is an online news magazine, weblog, chat room, and classified advertisement page dedicated to Mostar and the surrounding Hercegovina region. It was launched in 2001. Though the site offers no editorial information, it is clearly a primarily operated and used by Bosnian Croats and caters to their interests. The news appears independent and though it covers Croat concerns more extensively, is not overtly chauvinist or nationalist. The comments and blog on the other hand, exhibit a range of attitudes. bosnjaci.net Type: Location: Website: Online Magazine Sarajevo www.bosnjaci.net/index.php The online news magazine and weblog bosnjaci.net (Bosniaks) was launched in January 2003. It defines its editorial mission as addressing the history, culture, religion, and current politics and events of Bosniaks (which is explicitly states is the correct national name, as opposed to Bosnian Muslims). It is thus overtly Bosnian Muslim (or Bosniak) nationalist supports. The website is in the Bosnian language, but parts are also available in English, German, and Turkish. The editor in chief is Esad R. Krcić. 424 Dani Type: Location: Website: Weekly Magazine Sarajevo www.bhdani.com/ Billed as an independent magazine, Dani (Days) represents the most politically and nationally unaffiliated of all media in Bosnia-Hercegovina, and its staff is comprised of members of all communities from within the country. It is also known as BH Dani to distinguish it from the Belgrade weekly of the same title. It was published as Naši Dani (Our Days) from November 1987 through August 1992, then sporadically as Ratni Dani (War Days) from October 1992 through January 1993, and then bimonthly as Dani (Days) from February 1993 to October 1997 and weekly from then until the present. In the year 2000, Dani had a average weekly circulation of 25,500 copies. Dani is owned by CIVITAS and its editor-in-chief is Vildana Selimbegović. Dnevni Avaz Type: Location: Website: Daily Newspaper Sarajevo www.avaz.ba/ Published since 1988, and billed as a political daily, Dnevni Avaz quickly became the most widely circulated newspaper in Bosnia-Hercegovina after the war and even publishes editions for diaspora communities in Europe. Dnevni Avaz is estimated to have a circulation more than three times that of any other daily paper in BosniaHercegovina. Though in its initial years it was closely aligned with the SDA party, whose leanings are overtly Bosnian Muslim, since 2000 it has pursued a fairly independent editorial policy. In more broad political terms it is considered a rightwing paper. Its readership remains largely Muslim. Dnevni Avaz is owned by A-Roto Press and its editor-in-chief is Fahrudin Radoncić. Dnevni List Type: Location: Website: Daily Newspaper Mostar www.dnevni-list.ba/ Originally published in October 2001 under the tag line “First Paper in BiH in the Croatian Language” and today as “Your Daily Paper,” Dnevni List (Daily Paper) is the most popular daily newspaper among Bosnian Croats. It is owned by National Holding d.o.o. that had previously publishing the weekly newspaper BH Danas, which was closely linked to the HDZ. Though Dnenvi List is less overtly nationalist and more independent, many of its journalists are the same persons who previously wrote for BH Danas, and it certainly caters to Croat interests. The editor-in-chief is Marko Marković. 425 FENA Type: Location: Website: News Agency Sarajevo www.fena.ba/ FENA, the Federal News Agency (Federnalna Novinarska Agencija) of BosniaHercegovina, was established by the Federation government in November 2000 as a merger of BH Press and HABENA, the state news agency founded by the largely Muslim Bosnian government in 1992 and the Herceg-Bosna news agency founded in 1993. FENA provides news briefs in Bosnian and English for free and additional services and details for subscribers. FENA is directed by Zehrudin Isaković, and its editor-in-chief is Zoran Ilić. Feral Tribune Type: Location: Website: Weekly News Magazine Split, Croatia feral.mediaturtle.com/ The Feral Tribune, whose name is probably a play on the The International Herald Tribune, is a fiercely independent news magazine founded in 1984 under the byline “Weekly of Croatian Anarchists, Protesters, and Heretics.” It is a very satirical and heavily opinionated magazine, and during the mid-1990s was repeatedly harassed, taxed, fined, and censored by the Croatian government when the HDZ party was in power. Today, it is still frequently sued for slander, but has won numerous international awards for its journalistic content and political satire. The Feral Tribune is directed and edited by Viva Ludež (Long Live Craziness), a pseudonym for its founders, the journalists Viktor Ivančić, Predrag Lucić, and Boris Dežulović. Glas Srpski Type: Location: Website: Daily Newspaper Banja Luka www.glassrpske.com/latn/ Billed as the “Daily Paper of the Republika Srpska,” Glas Srpski (Serb Voice) is indeed owned by the government of the Republika Srpska and supports its positions and policies which have tended to be Serb nationalist. It evolved out of a newspaper simply called Glas (Voice) which had begun regular publication in Banja Luka in 1969. It was published sporadically in 1993 as Glas Srpski and then more regularly beginning in January 1994. Its circulation today is smaller than the daily papers Većernje Novine (Evening Paper) and Blić from Belgrade which are widely available and read in the Republika Srpska. Its website is now available in both the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. Its Editor-in-Chief is Tomo Marić. 426 Herceg-Bosna Type: Location: Occasional Newspaper Mostar A short-lived Croat nationalist paper published between late 1992 and April 1994 and which may have been officially affiliated with the government of the self-proclaimed mini-state called the Croatian Community of Herceg-Bosna. Hercegovaćke Novine Type: Weekly Newspaper Location: Mostar Hercegovaćke Novine (Hercegovinian Newspaper) an independent local newspaper published since 2003. It is most important for addressing local issues in Mostar that are not covered by the Sarajevo based papers, which tend only to report on major activities in cities other than the capital. Hercegovaćki Novine’s readership is predominately Bosnian Muslim, though it is billed and staffed as an inclusive Bosnian newspaper. Hercegovaćki Tjednik Type: Weekly Newspaper Location: Mostar The short-lived newspaper Hercegovaćki Tjednik (Hercegovinian Weekly) was billed as “First Croat Weekly in Herceg-Bosna” and published only in December 1991. HIC Type: Location: Website: News Agency Zagreb and various locations www.hic.hr The Croatian Information Center (Hrvatski Informativni Centar), or HIC, was founded in 1991 as an independent, non-profit news agency with offices in Zagreb, Split, Vinkovci, Osijek, Slavonski Brod and various locations in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Originally it primarily offered coverage of the war in both Croatia and Bosnia and it continues to extensively cover Bosnia today from the perspective of Croatia. It offers digests of events in Croatia and the region in Croatian, English, and Spanish. Hrvatski Riječ Type: Location: Website: Weekly Newspaper Sarajevo www.hrvatska-rijec.com/ 427 One of the longest running papers published by the Bosnian Croat community, Hrvatski Riječ managed to stay active from August 1994 thorough November 2001. In the year 2000, Hrvatska Riječ had an average weekly circulation of 5,000 papers. It was heavily influenced by the HDZ party and supportive of the Catholic Church. Hum Type: Location: Occasional (weekly) Newspaper Mostar Named for the historic name of Hercegovina and the hill that dominates the city of Mostar, this newspaper was published sporadically during the war by and for the city’s Bosnian Croat population. Jutarnje Novine Type: Daily Newspaper Location: Sarajevo In 1999 the prewar newspaper Većernje Novine (Evening Paper) was privatized and changed its name to Jutarnje Novine (Morning Newspaper). Today it remains one of the four daily papers published in Sarajevo, how is significantly less popular than its main competitors Dnevni Avaz and Oslobođenje. In 2002 it increased its staff and size and has been growing since. Ljiljan Type: Location: Weekly News Magazine Sarajevo Founded by the SDA party in 1990, and originally called Muslimanski Glas (Muslim Voice) this news magazine has always reflected a Bosnian Muslim orientatition. Though it is privately owned and allegedly independent today, Ljiljan (Lily) is still supportive of and associated with the SDA. Though its sensationalist press coverage get a lot of attention, its circulation is actually not very high and it almost went out of business in 2004 but was allegedly subsidized by the owner/editor of Dnevni Avaz. Most Type: Location: Website: Monthly Literary/Cultural Magazine Mostar www.most.ba/ Most (Bridge) is a cultural magazine published by the Literary Society of the Hercegovina-Neretva Kanton, and whose editorial board is composed of representatives of all of Bosnia’s major communities. Most is broadly concerned with all branches of the fine arts, and devotes a section of each issue to the subject of heritage. Its Editor-in-Chief is Alija Kebo. 428 Mostarsko Jutro Type: Occasional (monthly) News Magazine Location: Mostar Mostarsko Jutro (Mostar Morning) was published sporadically between June 1992 and February 1994, by and for the city’s Bosnian Muslim population during the war. Nezavisne Novine Type: Daily Newspaper Location: Banja Luka Website: www.nezavisne.com As its name implies, Nezavisne Novine (Independent Newspaper), is in fact very independent in its editorial approach. Billed as the “First Independent Newspaper in Bosnia-Hercegovina” it clearly stated its position on the rest of the media in the country. It operates major offices in both Banja Luka and Sarajevo, making it the only newspaper that tries to cover and distribute evenly in both entities. Though largely staffed by Bosnian Serbs, its owner has been personally attacked more than once and his paper threatened regularly by hard-line Serb nationalist because of its positions. In the year 2000, Nezavisne Novine had an average daily circulation of 7,500 newspapers which is slowly increasing. Its director and editor-in-chief is Dragan Jerinić. Novi Reporter Type: Location: Website: Weekly News Magazine Banja Luka www.novireporter.com Novi Reporter (New Reporter) was the only weekly news magazine in the Republika Srpska while published between May 1994 and December 2004. It was affiliated with the Ministry of Education and Culture, and its Editor-in-Chief was Slava Govedarića. Ogledalo Grada Type: Occasional Newspaper Location: Mostar Ogledalo Grada (Mirror of the City) was published sporadically in 1995, by and for the city’s Bosnian Muslim population. OHR Media Round-Up Type: News Summary Service Location: Sarajevo Website: www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/bh-media-rep/round-ups/ Between December 2000 and July 2006, this OHR owned news service summarized the main stories covered in the print, radio, and television news in Bosnia- 429 Hercegovina six days a week. Meant to provide short synopses of the headlines and major stories covered in these media venues, the Media Round-Up basically included no particular bias or editorial position. Since its closure, the staff of the OHR Media Monitoring Unit have established the private Media Intelligence Agency to continue to provide media summaries for paid subscribers. ONASA Type: Location: Website: News Agency Sarajevo www.onasa.com.ba/ Originally founded in 1994, during the war, by the newspaper Oslobođenje, the ONASA News Agency was the first private news agency in the country and today publishes news in local languages and English on a subscription basis. It is owned and directed by Mehmed Husić, who also serves as its editor-in-chief. Oslobođenje Type: Location: Website: Daily Newspaper Sarajevo www.oslobodjenje.com.ba Bosnia-Hercegovina’s well-respected and oldest newspaper, Oslobođenje (Liberation) has been published since 1943. Founded in opposition to the German occupation during the Second World War, it was affiliated with the communist party of Yugoslavia during the federal era. It was privatized during in the early 1990s and gained worldwide repute for its perseverance during the siege of Sarajevo. It was the only newspaper that survived the war and published continuously throughout. Its office tower was destroyed, probably purposefully targeted, and its staff allegedly included Bosnian Muslisms, Serbs, and Croats throughout the war and today. In the year 2000, Oslobođenje had an average daily circulation of 15,700 papers, and this readership has steadily lost ground to the more conservative and better funded Dnevni Avaz. Today it is a politically independent, employee-owned, left-wing paper edited by Senka Kurtović. Slobodna BiH Type: Location: Daily Newspaper Split/Mostar For just over a year in 1998 and 1999, the Split based Croatian newspaper Slobodna Dalmacija (Free Dalmatia) published Slobodna BiH (Free BiH) as basically a repackaging of its regular content for Croats living in Bosnia-Hercegovina. At the time, Slobodna Dalmacija was still under the control of the Croatian government and Slobodna BiH was the only daily newspaper targeting Bosnian Croats; but was forced to cease publication due to the financial problems of its parent paper. 430 Slobodna Bosna Type: Weekly News Magazine Location: Sarajevo Website: www.slobodna-bosna.ba Slobodna Bosna (Free Bosnia) Began publication in late 1991, shortly before the war began, and was billed as an “Independent Information Review,” a tagline it still uses today. During the war it was only able to publish sporadically, and in 1993, even combined with a key competiter and produced a series of issues as Slobodna Bosna/Ljiljan. In the year 2000, Slobodna Bosna had an average weekly circulation of 28,000 copies, making it the most widely read weekly news magazine in BosniaHercegovina. This was in part due to its circulation in both the Federation and the Republika Srpska. The readership of this leftist leaning periodical is predominately Muslim. Its Editor-in-Chief is Senad Avdić. Slobodna Dalmacija Type: Daily Newspaper Location: Split, Croatia Website: www.slobodnadalmacija.hr Slobodna Dalmacija (Free Dalmatia) was founded by Tito’s partisans in 1943, and rose to become one of Yugoslavia’s most widely read newspapers by the 1980s when it became a “forum for new political ideas” as the system broke down. At that time it had no particular bias (left or right) and was very independent. In 1993, however, it was taken over by an editor hand-picked by the HDZ controlled Croatian government who pursued a hard-line nationalist editorial position, leading to a major turnover in staff. It was officially acquired by the government in the late 1990s and even despite editorial changes once the HDZ lost power, it continued to lose is readers. It was bought in 2005 by Europapress Holding, a private Croatian media company that publishes the Croatian versions of many popular foreign magazines, such as Playboy and Cosmopolitan. Since then Slobodna Dalmacija has continued a center-right political leaning and its current editor is Mladen Pleše. Center-right political leaning. Stari Mostar Type: Location: Bimonthly Newspaper Mostar A short-lived paper published for a few months in 1995 by Bosnian Muslims, Stari Mostar (Old Mostar) was billed as the “Paper of the Democratic Public of Mostar.” Većernji List Type: Location: Website: Daily Newspaper Zagreb, Croatia www.vecernji-list.hr/ 431 Većernji List (Evening Paper) is a popular Zagreb daily newspaper read by many Bosnian Croats. Većernje Novosti Type: Daily Newspaper Location: Belgrade, Serbia Website: www.novosti.co.yu/ Većernje Novosti (Evening News) was founded in 1953 and grew to become the most widely-read newspaper in the SFR Yugoslavia, in Serbia-Montenegro in the 1990s, and in Serbia today. It is also read by many Bosnian Serbs and sells more copies in the Republika Srpska than most Banja Luka newspapers. Vjesnik Type: Location: Website: Daily Newspaper Zagreb, Croatia www.vjesnik.com This “Croatian Political Daily” from Zagreb is read by many Bosnian Croats. Walter Type: Location: Weekly News/Tabloid Magazine Sarajevo An extremely conservative and often controversial Bosnian Muslim nationalist weekly magazine with a relatively minor readership. 432