Epigenetica

Boletín de la Real Academia de Córdoba de Ciencias, Bellas Letras y Nobles Artes, 2017

Academia Letters, 2022

Byblos. A Legacy Unearthed, 2024

After an interruption at the end of the 4th millennium BC, relations between Byblos and Egypt resumed, spurred on by Egypt’s insatiable need for cedar wood. As early as the 4th millennium BC, Byblos’ monopoly of the exploitation of the lush cedar forests covering the northern part of the Mount Lebanon range was a lure to Egyptian power, hungry for the precious wood and resin used in construction and mummification. The relatively short distance between Egypt and coastal Lebanon, estimated to be 270 nautical miles, favoured direct connections. These relationships were sustained for the duration of the Old Kingdom (c. 2700‑2181 BC) but came to a halt during the First Intermediate Period (c. 2181‑2050 BC) when Egypt experienced a period of internal turmoil that led to the cessation of exchanges with the Levant and particularly with Byblos. The Admonitions of Ipuwer (Fig. 16.1) written on the recto of a single papyrus during the Middle Kingdom (c. 2050‑1650 BC) lamented the interruption of sailing to Byblos and the shortage of cedar resin and wood used in the mummification and burial processes (Gardiner 1909, 10, 32; Pritchard 1969, 441; Lichtheim 1973, 152).

2024

This syllabus covers the methods and theories of art history, along with some references to the historical evolution of the discipline. It provides an in-depth exploration of the various approaches and critical frameworks that have shaped art historical practice over time. Fall 2024.