Chapter 2 Reading Guide

Chapter 2 Reading Guide                                                       Name ____________________________________  Section 2.1 1. Look at the vocabulary list on page 39. Which of those words do you not know the meaning of?     2. How does an extensive property differ from an intensive property? What are some examples of each?       3. Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a _____________________________ . (NOTE: What your text calls a “substance” will be referred to as a “pure substance” in class and on the MME) 4. Are the following sentences true or false? a. All samples of a pure substance have the same intensive properties. Explain. b. All samples of a pure substance have different physical properties. Explain.     5. A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be ______________________ or ______________________ without changing the substance’s composition. 6. Circle the letter of the term that is NOT a physical property. a. hardness                  b. color                        c. boiling point                        d. melting 7. Look at Table 2.1 on page 40. What is the melting point of bromine? ______ 8. Look at Table 2.1 on page 40. Circle the letter of the substance that is a yellow solid and melts at 115°C. a. sulfur           b. chlorine       c. gold             d. copper 9. Complete the table about properties of three states of matter. Use these terms: definite, indefinite, easily, and not easily. Properties of the States of Matter Property Solid Liquid Gas or Vapor Shape       Volume       Can be compressed         10. Match each arrangement of the particles in matter with a physical state. Physical State                          Arrangement ______ gas                              a. packed tightly together ______ liquid                          b. close, but free to flow ______ solid                           c. spaced relatively far apart 11. What does vapor describe?    12. What are four words that describe physical changes?    13. What is true about all physical changes that involve a change of state?    14. Go back to the “Connecting to you World” at the beginning of section 2.1. List four of the properties of bamboo. And say if they are intensive or extensive properties and if they are chemical or physical properties? Property Intensive or Extensive Physical or Chemical                           Section 2.2 1. What is a mixture?    2. What is another name for a homogeneous mixture? __________________________________________  3. Circle the letter of the term that describes a part of a sample with uniform composition and properties. a. solution                    b. mixture                    c. state             d. phase 4. In general, what is used to separate mixtures?    5. The process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture is called ____________________. 6. What happens during a distillation? 7. (not in text—will be discussed in class) There are 3 methods that are commonly used to separate homogenous mixtures. List these techniques, describe the process, and name the physical property being used for separation.         Section 2.3 What are the two groups into which pure substances can be classified? 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Elements can be easily separated into simpler substances. Explain.       3. Compounds are substances that can be separated into simpler substances only by ________________ means. 4. Is the following sentence true or false? The properties of compounds are different from those of their component elements. Explain        5. Complete this sentence. Sodium chloride (table salt) is a ______________________ of sodium, which is a soft ______________________ , and chlorine, which is a pale yellow ______________________ .  6. Describe one way to decide whether a sample of matter is a substance or a mixture 7. Complete the labels in the diagram below.   8. What are chemical symbols used for?    9. Subscripts in chemical formulas are used to indicate the relative proportions of the elements in the ______________________ . 10. Is the following sentence true or false? The elements that make up a compound are always present in the same proportions. Explain.   Section 2.4 1. What is a chemical property?    2. Is the following sentence true or false? Chemical properties are observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change. Explain.     3. What happens during a chemical reaction (aka “chemical reaction”)? Your response should focus on the arrangement of the particles of the reactants as they are “transformed” to products. 4. Does a chemical reaction involve changes to intensive or extensive properties? What is the one sure test to verify whether or not a chemical reaction has taken place? 5. Phase changes are physical changes, but applying heat to a substance may also cause a chemical change (for example, heating magnesium causes it to combine with oxygen resulting in a pure substance called magnesium oxide). We applied heat to solid iodine and a purple gas was formed. How could we verify whether heating iodine is a physical change or a chemical change? How phase change differ from a chemical change on a particle level?       6. In chemical reactions, the substances present at the start of the reaction are called ______________________ and the substances produced are called ______________________ .  7. Circle the letter of the term that best completes the sentence. A change in the composition of matter _______ occurs during a chemical reaction. a. sometimes                b. rarely           c. always         d. never 6. Define a precipitate.    7. During a chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the _________________. The law of conservation of mass states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is neither ______________________ nor ______________________ .   8. Look at Figure 2.15 on page 55. How do you know that mass was conserved? 9. A question on last year’s MME looked like this: A student reacted 9 grams of the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) and an unknown amount of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) and produced 11 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 23 g of barium chloride (BaCl2). a. What are the reactants in this chemical reaction? __________________________________________________ b. Write a chemical equation using the formulas. You do not have to balance (but you could try ) c. How much barium hydroxide was used? Show the work or explain your reasoning. Type text] p. 4 [Type text]