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Étienne Gilson - Filosofia Medievale
L'intuizione sensibile però non garantisce l'esistenza del soggetto. Si crede che essa ce ne dia garanzia perché l'oggetto e normalmente la causa di una conoscenza di questo genere; ma Dio può sempre produrre un dato effetto senza passare attraverso la sua causa seconda, e può sempre creare una cosa separatamente da un'altra; si può quindi avere un'intuizione sensibile di ciò che non esiste. In questo caso non si tratta di un'intuizione vera e propria, ma di una credenza nell'esistenza di ciò che non esiste. Poiché non abbiamo alcun mezzo di scoprire questa differenza, il coefficiente di incertezza che intacca la nostra conoscenza non se ne trova diminuito. Ma queste tesi non intaccano la conoscenza scientifica filosofica. IL CRISANESIMO E LA FILOSOFIA LA BIBBIA MONOTEISMO CREAZIONISMO ANTROPOCENTRISMO IL COMANDO DIVINO PROVVIDENZA PERSONALE IDEE BIBLICHE SULL’UOMO E IL SUO DESTINO PECCATO ORIGINALE FEDE E SPIRITO EROS GRECO - AMORE CRISTIANO RIVOLUZIONE DEI VALORI IMMORALITÀ E RISURREZIONE IL NUOVO SENSO DELLA STORIA E DELLA VITA DELL’UOMO PENSIERO GRECO E MESSAGGIO CRISTIANO PROBLEMI DOTTRINALI E FILOSOFICI VECCHIO TESTAMENTO FASI DEL PENSIERO PATRISTICO I PROBLEMI FONDAMENTALI TESTO DI MEDITAZIONE DELLA FEDE FILONE D’ALESSANDRIA ALLEGORIA SVOLTA NEL PENSIERO OCCIDENTALE ESSERE INCORPOREO CONOSCENZA DI DIO CREAZIONISMO NATURA DELL’UOMO LEGGE MORALE LA FEDE ITINERARIO A DIO GNOSTICISMO MARCIONE DA SINOPE (85 - 160 d.C.) BASILIDE (120-140 d.C.) VALENTINO (135-160 d.C.) SANT’IRENEO I PADRI GRECI E LA FILOSOFIA ARISTIDE GIUSTINO MARTIRE TAZIANO L’ASSIRO ATENAGORA DI ATENE TEOFILO DI ANTIOCHIA LA SCUOLA DI ALESSANDRIA CLEMENTE ALESSANDRINO ORIGENE L’ETÀ AUREA DELLA PATRISTICA EUSEBIO DI CESAREA ARIO CONCILIO DI NICEA I GRANDI DI CAPPADOCIA GREGORIO DI NAZIANZO (GREGORIO IL TEOLOGO) SAN BASILIO GREGORIO DI NISSA NEMESIO SINESIO TEODORETO GLI ULTIMI GRANDI PADRI DELLA CHIESA DIONIGI MASSIMO DI CRISIPOLI o IL CONFESSORE GIOVANNI FILOPONO o GIOVANNI IL GRAMMATICO GIOVANNI DI DAMASCO o GIOVANNI DAMASCENO I PADRI LATINI E LA FILOSOFIA TERTULLIANO MINUCIO FELICE ARNOBIO LATTANZIO SANT’ILARIO DI POITIERS SANT’AMBROGIO MACROBIO CALCIDIO MARIO VITTORINO SANT’AGOSTINO BOEZIO CASSIODORO ISIDORO DI SIVIGLIA MARTINO DI BRACARA PAPA GREGORIO I o GREGORIO MAGNO BEDA IL VENERABILE DALLA RINASCENZA CAROLINGIA AL X SECOLO LA TRASMISSIONE DELLA CULTURA LATINA GIOVANNI SCOTO ERIUGENA LA FILOSOFIA NEL IX E X SECOLO IN OCCIDENTE LA FILOSOFIA NEL SECOLO XI DIALETTICI E TEOLOGI ROSCELLINO ANSELMO DI CANTERBURY LA SCUOLA DI CHARTRES BERNARDO DI CHARTRES GILBERTO DE LA PORRÉE TEODORICO DI CHARTRES GUGLIELMO DI CONCHES PIETRO ABELARDO LA MISTICA SPECULATIVA SAN BERNARDO DI CHIARAVALLE GUGLIELMO DI SAN TEODORICO ISACCO STELLA UGO DI SAN VITTORE RICCARDO DI SAN VITTORE ALANO DI LILLA NICOLA DI AMIENS LA FILOSOFIA ARABA AL-FARABI AVICENNA AL-GHAZZALI AVEMPACE ABUBACER AVERROÈ FILOSOFIA EBRAICA ISHAQ AL-ISRAĀĪLI SA’ADYĀH BEN YŌSĒF DI FAYUM SHELŌMŌH IBN GEBĪRŌL MŌSEH BEN MAIMÔN (MOSÈ MAIMONIDE) LA FILOSOFIA NEL SECOLO XIII SAN BONAVENTURA I MAESTRI DI OXFORD ROBERTO GROSSATESTA TOMMASO DI YORK RUGGERO BACONE ALBERTO MAGNO TOMMASO D’AQUINO RUGGERO DI BRABANTE GIOVANNI DUNS SCOTO GUGLIELMO D’OCKHAM
De Gruyter eBooks, 2023
Con un lenguaje sencillo y un estilo fácil y directo, proponemos 10 consejos a los alumnos de secundaria para tener en cuenta a la hora de leer: para ser más crítico al leer, para buscar los puntos de vista de un autor, para desentrañar el sesgo que muestra un texto, para adoptar una perspectiva más crítica y contemporánea de la lectura.
C’est l’histoire des fossiles toponymiques qui, dans la tourmente linguistique des siècles voire des millénaires, ont maintenu des noms de lieux toujours d’actualité.
In a globalised world where companies constantly cross borders and investments are spread across the globe, understanding and managing risk has become part of day-to-day business. The assessment of country risk allows identifying new opportunities and reducing threats to operations. In investment terms, risk refers to the likelihood that a borrower will fulfil obligations towards lenders. Country risk data is used to valuate investment projects by adjusting discount rates based on risk. Such analysis requires collecting and analysing qualitative and quantitative data from the political, economic, and financial market domain. There are numerous risk-rating agencies such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, Thomson Reuters, The Economist Intelligence Unit, and Political Risk Services (PRS). PRS is the only agency to provide detailed data on a monthly basis across a large number of countries in their International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). This essay analyses publicly available ICRG data, comparing risk performance across countries. Chapter 3 analyses the three indices to identify the best and worst performing countries. Chapter 4 breaks down ICRG ratings for South Africa as an example to understand the composition of the assessment. Chapter 5 concludes with findings and the author’s observations. Findings: In terms of overall performance, the Nordic countries have consistently scored at the top across all indices showing very low risk. Globally, the highest level of risk can still be found in Africa, only the financial risk assessment shows low risk profiles for a few African countries. The author further analysed risk assessments for South Africa. Based on ICRG 2016, the country shows a moderate risk profile and is positioned in the lower-middle field globally. Its political, economic and financial risk ranking is at similar levels across the three indices (place 78/76/75). With the recent leadership change in the country, we can suspect that more recent datasets would show an improved performance in the political risk assessment, based on positive investor and business confidence developments. In consideration of the top- and bottom 20 rankings, the author notes that while performance results within the political and economic assessment are rather homogenous, the financial risk assessment results stand out. For example, Nigeria is ranked in the top 20 of financial risk (lowest risk), but in the bottom 20 in the political risk rating (highest risk). Consequently, the author suggests that a composite risk rating as it is provided by The PRS Group should be applied with caution as it would combine results of the three indices based on the given formula, showing a composite risk performance which could be misleading.
Thanks to systematic survey of agriculturally used topsoil with clear evidence of disturbed features on the site Hrubá Vrbka (Moravia) there were collected till 2012 more than 60 pieces of Roman Period brooches. The most impressive finding was a penannular brooch with enamelled discs which is mainly found on the broader territory from Mazovia to Middle Dnieper or Volga River basins and in the territory of Central Europe is very rare. Even though trial trenching in the site of Hrubá Vrbka has uncovered some dozens of sunken features, brooches were not found in this context. It was proved that most artefacts of this group are found in the overlying cultural layer which is mostly repeatedly intruded by intensive agricultural activity. As a result of intensive agricultural use of the majority of soils in this area, a strong erosion, and often also the activity of treasure hunters which is not recorded by archaeologists, brooches represent a highly endangered and quickly vanishing group of relics of Roman Period material culture in Central Europe, which undoubtedly deserves our attention and further interest.
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