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New Partnership Concept of University-Enterprise Synergy in B&H
New Partnership Concept of University-Enterprise Synergy in B&H
Mico StanojevicNew partnership concept of university-enterprise synergy in B&H has been developed by partners in the Tempus project titled “Development of Partnerships with SMEs in B&H by Virtual Engineering Network” (DePSME-VENet), No. 158623–TEMPUS–1-DE-SMHES, according to a sustainable support model of university-enterprise synergy. All project partners are involved in developing of the university-enterprise synergy and establishing sustainable partnerships between universities, enterprises/SMEs, graduates and engineers in B&H industry.
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UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART TEMPUS PROJECT:158623-DE
“Development of Partnerships with SMEs in BA by Virtual
Engineering Network”. Co-ordinator: Dr.-Ing.Stefan Wagner
Co-beneficiary: Prof.Dr. Milan Šljivić, University of B. Luka
Stuttgart, 2012
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Development of Partnerships with
SMEs in BA by Virtual Engineering
Network
NEW PARTNERSHIP CONCEPT
OF UNIVERSITY-ENTERPRISE
SYNERGY IN B&H
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
NEW PARTNERSHIP CONCEPT OF UNIVERSITY-ENTERPRISE SINERGY IN B&H
Publisher
UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART
DePSME – VENet project
For publisher
Prof.Dr.-Ing Mathias Liewald MBA
Director of the Institute for Metal Forming
Technology, University of Stuttgart
Editor
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Wagner
Project coordinator
Authors
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Wagner
Prof. Milan Sljivic, PhD. Eng.
Mićo “ta ojevic, M.Sc.
Ranko Radonjic, M.Sc.
Sanja Maglov, BA
Prof. Ibolya Zsoldos, PhD. Eng.
Prof. To až Rodić, PhD. Eng.
Prof. Duša Golubovic, PhD. Eng.
Prof. Sead Pasic, PhD. Eng.
Prof. Perica Gojkovic, PhD. Eng.
Duško Sljivic, BA
Printing
IFU, University of Stuttgart
Circulation
300 copies
Stuttgart, 2012
ISBN ??????
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This publication has been funded by the European Commission.
The publication reflects only the views of the authors. The European Commission cannot be
held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Tempus project: De elop e t of Part erships ith “MEs i BA by Virtual E gi eeri g
Net ork , No. 8
–TEMPUS–1-DE-SMHES.
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Table of Contents
1. FOREWORD .......................................................................... 1
2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 3
2.1. About DePSME – VENet project ........................................................... 3
2.2. Structure of the publication ................................................................. 8
3. STATE OF THE ART IN THE AREA OF PARTNERSHIP
UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE SYNERGY IN EU LEVEL................... 10
3.1. Partnership ......................................................................................... 10
3.2. Policies and Strategies ........................................................................ 11
3.3. Legislation........................................................................................... 12
3.4. Review of past experience and success factors ................................. 13
3.5. Promote the value of mobility by university and business ................ 15
3.6. Universities – industry and promotion for Lifelong Learning ............ 16
4. CURRENT STATE IN THE B&H .............................................. 18
4.1. Background ......................................................................................... 18
4.1.1. Education state............................................................................ 19
4.1.2. Research state ............................................................................. 21
4.1.3. Innovation state .......................................................................... 23
4.2. State Institutions, strategies and programs ....................................... 24
4.2.1. University of Banja Luka .............................................................. 29
4.2.2. University of East Sarajevo .......................................................... 31
4.2.3. Faculty of Traffic Engineering Doboj, University of E. Sarajevo .. 31
4.2.4. University of Sarajevo ................................................................. 32
4.2.5. University of Tuzla ....................................................................... 32
. . . U iversity Dze al dijedic of Mostar........................................ 33
4.2.7. University of Mostar.................................................................... 34
4.2.8. University of Zenica ..................................................................... 35
4.2.9. University of Bihac....................................................................... 36
4.2.10. Local communities .................................................................... 37
4.2.10.1. ASME Banja Luka................................................................ 37
96
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.2.10.2. ZEDA ................................................................................... 38
4.2.10.3. SERDA ................................................................................. 38
5. GOOD PRACTICES IN THE AREA OF PARTNERSHIP
UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE SYNERGY ...................................... 40
5.1. University of Stuttgart ........................................................................ 40
5.2. University of Ljubljana ........................................................................ 41
. . “. I. U iversity of Györ ........................................................................ 43
5.4. Graz University of Technology ........................................................... 44
5.5. Norwegian University of Science and Technology ............................. 46
. . Rhei ische Fachhochschule Köl – University of Applied .................. 48
Sciences ..................................................................................................... 48
5.7. University of Novi Sad ........................................................................ 49
5.8. University of Belgrade ........................................................................ 51
5.9. University of Kragujevac ..................................................................... 54
5.10. University of Zagreb ......................................................................... 56
5.11. University of Maribor ....................................................................... 57
5.12. Slovenian Tool and Die Development Centre (TECOS) Celje ........... 58
6. NEW PARTNERSHIP CONCEPT OF UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE
SINERGY IN B&H..................................................................... 60
6.1. Background ......................................................................................... 60
6.2. Benefits for key actors in the partnership of university –enterprise
synergy ...................................................................................................... 61
6.3. New partnership concept of university-enterprise synergy ............. 62
6.4. Organization of RS and B&H industrial clusters ................................. 67
6.5. Establishment of science and technology parks ................................ 72
6.6. Technology transfer centre ................................................................ 76
6.7. Academic spin-offs ............................................................................. 78
6.8. Joint participation in FP7 and other EU projects ............................... 80
6.9. Vocational Training & Education Programs ....................................... 81
6.10. Practical placement program (PPP) for students in industry ........... 83
6.11. Industrial fellowship program (IFP) for graduates and/or Employees
from enterprise ......................................................................................... 84
97
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
6.12. University - enterprise collaboration through newly established
centers: Cooperative Focal Points ............................................................. 86
7. RECOMMENDATION ........................................................... 87
8. REFERENCES ....................................................................... 89
9. ANNEXES ............................................................................ 91
9.1. CFP Banja Luka.................................................................................... 92
9.2. CFP East Sarajevo ............................................................................... 93
9.3. CFP Doboj ........................................................................................... 94
9.4. CFP Mostar ......................................................................................... 95
98
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
1. FOREWORD
New partnership concept of university-enterprise synergy in B&H has been
developed by part ers i the Te pus project titled Develop e t of
Partnerships with SMEs in B&H by Virtual E gi eeri g Net ork DeP“MEVENet), No. 158623–TEMPUS–1-DE-SMHES, according to a sustainable
support model of university-enterprise synergy. All project partners are
involved in developing of the university-enterprise synergy and establishing
sustainable partnerships between universities, enterprises/SMEs, graduates
and engineers in B&H industry.
Technical universities in B&H do not have enough departments, institutes,
and laboratories that are equipped, neither their staff trained to be able to
support university/industry partnerships. This is one of the key issues for
development of rather weakened B&H industry. This Tempus project is a
pioneering project that should improve and advance situation regarding
development of university/enterprise partnerships. Cooperative Focal
Points (CFPs) centers established at B&H universities will certainly
contribute to improvement of the situation.
Developed vocational trainings and education programs for enterprise staff,
students and graduates in all CFPs: CFP Banja Luka, CFP Doboj, CFP E.
Sarajevo, CFP Mostar, and CFP Tuzla, aim at the following:
Higher education and training for SMEs;
Innovation and collaboration between universities and enterprises;
Development of collaborative culture between University and
Industry, through clustering and regional development based on
knowledge;
Connection between key partners in B&H through establishment of
Cooperation Focal Points (CFPs);
Those CFPs will cover complete area providing full VE support to
B&H enterprises/SMEs, including education and training for
students and engineering fellows.
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
This is offered service (owning to CFPs) for industry and individuals and
consultation and support for the different departments and institutes.
Moreover, they will initiate institutional arrangements regarding this very
important aspect and help B&H to join the European higher education.
Developed Practical Placement Program (PPP) model clearly defines all
steps which students and institutions/companies, where practical
placement will take place, need to take.
The partnership concept of university-enterprise will be a communication
channel between universities and enterprises/SMEs as to “Get insight in
university-industry partnership .
Developed model of the partnership concept of university-enterprise
precisely defines all main characteristics and goals for B&H universities,
enterprise/SMEs, industrial fellows, B&H hosting R&D institutions and
other.
Partnership between universities and industry needs to be intensified at
national and regional level, as well as geared the framework of DePSMEVENet project, the start-up of new companies and, more generally, the
transfer and dissemination and knowledge.
Throughout by this publication the reader will find boxed examples of good
practice, practical examples of solutions tested in the EU and as well by the
project partners countries.
We hope that this publicatiion will help to create more awareness of the
importance of university – enterprise partnership and fuel the deB&Hte on
its future development.
Coordinator of the DePSME-VENet project and Co-beneficiary for B&H are
grateful to the Government representatives and to all project partners
which are involved in developing of the university-enterprise synergy for
their contribution to the successful project implementation and developing
new concept of the university-enterprise synergy in B&H.
Coordinator DePSME-VENet project
Co-beneficiary for B&H
Dr.-Ing. Stefan Wagner
Prof. Milan Sljivic, PhD. Eng.
2
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. About DePSME – VENet project
In line with the perceived needs and contains in B & H (Bosnia &
Herzegovina) and the development strategies concerning education,
research and innovation policies, the proposed project comprises activities
that are in compliance with the programmed wide priorities for TEMPUS IV
– Higher Education and Society. Priorities are, as follows: Development of
partnerships with enterprises; Training of non – university teachers;
Training courses for public services (ministries, regional/local authorities)
and Development of lifelong learning in society at large. The project was
created as a result of long-term analysis of the needs in society and defined
the development strategy plan for industry by the university support. The
overall aim of DePSME-VENet project is to enhance, strengthen and grow
capacity building in order to development strategy of partnerships between
universities and enterprise/SMEs in accordance with principles on the EUs
modernization agenda and national priorities, through sustainable long
term partnerships.
In order to achieve this strategic objective of the project, five specific
objectives are set:
1. Establishment of Cooperation Focal Points (CFP) and CFP network at
5 B&H-Universities for strengthing of cooperation and partnerships
between University and Industry through trainings, consulting and
practical research by Virtual Engineering.
2. Setting up of new Partnership Concept University –
Enterprises/SMEs to the specific circumstances of B&H economy by
adjusting and applying the best practices of similar EU development
models.
3. Modernization of programme for vocational trainings, engineering
fellowship and consulting tools in higher education for SMEs.
4. Development and conduction of Practical Placement Programme
(PPP) for students in consultation with community members /
3
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
stakeholders and EU partners according to practically approved case
studies.
5. Providing the quality dissemination and sustainbility of UniversityIndustry Links as the results of the Project.
Project is designed to meet the needs of universities, research institutions,
students, unemployed graduates, enterprises/SMEs and developed in
cooperation with the EU partners, through the realization of the following:
Development and implementation of new partnership concept of
university-enterprise sinergy in B&H to knowledge based society
with imact on economic growth and competitiveness;
Establishment of five Centres for Virtual Technologies: CFP Banja
Luka, CFP Doboj, CFP E. Sarajevo, CFP Mostar and CFP Tuzla, as the
university-enterprise/SME links, enabling efficient and sustainable
cooperation among the key actors of the development of
partnerships with enterprises;
Education of teacher and students with the Advanced Technology of
Virtal Engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE, RE/RP/RT, FE/FV simulation, VR)
support.
To improve the knowledge by Engineering Design, Solid Modeling,
Reverse Engineering, Rapid Prototyping, FE simulation,
Optimization of new products and processes.
Development and implementation of Vocational Trainings, Seminars
and Workshops, as well as multidisciplinary courses regarding to
identified needs; further accreditation is considered;
Development and implementation of Student practice – Practical
Placement Program - PPP, Industrial/Engineering Fellowship
Program – IFP/EFP), Program of E-learning and Llife Lon Learning –
LLL.
Participation in international projects.
Promotional and marketing activities with Quality control of
trainings and services, PPP, EFP and LLL programs.
4
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
In order to meet the needs identified by benchmarking, vocational trainings
and education programs which are targeted for enterprise staff, students
and graduates (otherwise for all CFPs: CFP Banja Luka, CFP Doboj, CFP E.
Sarajevo, CFP Tuzla, and CFP Mostar) have been developed as follows:
Vocational Education & Training Programs;
Motivational seminars;
Workshops;
Handbooks, Manuals and Brochures for Education and Vocational
Trainings;
Basic Knowledge of the Finite Element Method;
Innovation Partnership Programs;
E- Learning;
Lifelong Learning policy;
3D Printing Technology Education Programs;
3D Scanning Technology Education Programs;
Possibilities of Open Source & LINUX;
Customer Support by CFPs.
VOCATIONAL TRAINING & EDUCATION PROGRAMS (VT & EPs) publication
was developed for enterprise staff, students and graduates in B&H by
project partners within the Tempus project in synergy to the new concept
of university/enterprise/SMEs. During the project implementation,
Consortium of the project has analyzed the specific circumstances of B&H
economy according to current degree of connection between universities
and enterprises/SMEs, as well as training needs for enterprise staff and
students, and labour market needs for vocational trainings of unemployed
graduates and school leavers in the area of product and process
development by the application of Virtual Engineering technologies. A
number of needs have been identified for different kinds of vocational
programs, certifications, and diploma programs. Corresponding to that, a
large number of motivational seminars and workshops are being held in
order to promote possibilities of new virtual technologies. It is necessary to
mention that the appropriate knowledge is an imperative for anybody who
is looking to start a new career, find a new position, or to enhance current
5
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
job. In line with actual needs for vocational trainings and education
programs, project experts have educated and specialized trainers for the
specific fields of VE technologies.
THE PRACTICAL PLACEMENT PROGRAM (PPP) has been developed for B&H
mechanical engineering students by partners in the Tempus project as a
proposal of a sustainable model of PPP.
The PPP defines rights and obligations for all partners participating in the
program, students and institutions/companies, where the PPP is
implemented including academic institutions and universities: university
units and/or faculties, institutes, centers, laboratories, or departments that
are involved in realization of all administrative and organizational activities.
According to their curriculum, nearly all technical faculties in B&H require
practical placement, but the implementation is not institutionally regulated.
This program proposes a sustainable model of the PPP developed in
cooperation with EU partners.
Within the framework of DePSME-VENet project, training for six students in
Virtual Technology was carried out together with partners from the EU,
a ely i “tuttgart, Györ, Ljublja a a d Celje i duratio of o e o th.
They have been trained to run courses and trainings for students and
engineers in the fields of industry, that is, application of virtual technology
in the newly established Centers for Virtual Technologies: Cooperative Focal
Points (CFPs). They have already successfully completed several courses,
trainings and workshops for students and industry engineers, which
resulted in increased interest for attending this kind of training.
THE INDUSTRIAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM (IFP) has been developed by
partners in the Tempus project for graduates/industrial fellows as well as
M.Sc. and PhD students from B&H industry, according to a sustainable
support model of IFP. University teams, that is, professors, teachers, and
researches will contribute their technical expertise, research, and
innovation to the enterprises/SMEs. Industrial fellows can participate in
Fellowship programs to facilitate knowledge and technology transfer from
universities to their enterprises and provide excellent communication
channels between them.
6
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
University Cooperative Focal Points (CFPs) are main centers for
implementation of the International Fellowship Programs.
The Industrial Fellowship Program defines procedures for administration
and management of the IFP, conditions for enterprises/SMEs to qualify,
funding rules, requirements for graduates/industrial fellows, obligations of
university research centers and CFPs.
Proposed IFP model, developed in cooperation with the EU partners, will be
a great contribution to graduates/industrial fellows as well as M.Sc. and
PhD students from B&H industry to obtain the required knowledge and
skills.
E-LEARNING AIMS: Within the DePSME – VENet project, E-learning aims
have been proposed and defined. Each established Cooperative Focal Point
at B&A universities has a possibility for giving lectures by using a free
software application for the Internet communication - Skype.
This is especially acceptable for B&H enterprises, because their engineers
do not need to travel to CFPs. According to the agreement between CFPs
staff and enterprise representatives, it is possible to have vocational
trainings or VE technologies courses after work (when shifts end) at the
enterprise.
LIFELONG LEARNING AIMS: One of the project aims was Lifelong Learning
as a kind of support for enterprise technical staff.
Established CFPs at B&H Universities will contribute to solve this problem.
CFPs with installed equipment (computers, software, Rapid Prototyping and
Reverse Engineering equipment) will be available for students, unemployed
engineers and enterprise engineers who want to learn and to follow world
trends and tendencies. Communication on Lifelong Learning goes hand in
hand with mottoes such as It is never too late to learn and It is always a
good time to learn .
INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM: The aim of the Innovation
Partnership Program is to enable new product, process and services
development for industry through collaboration with CFPs. The program
should be supported under the National Development Program of the RS
and B&H.
7
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAM: 3D printing rapid
prototypi g achi e for plastic: Di e sio Elite Pri ter , relevant to the
project objectives, is provided within the framework of the DePSME-VENet
project. This equipment will encourage young people to study technical
sciences. It is needed to mention that all B&H partners will be able to send
their students to the CFP Banja Luka in order to learn new Rapid
Prototyping technologies.
Otherwise, the Dimension Elite is ideal for printing intricate 3D product
mockups and functional models of parts such as medical devices,
mechanical components from plastic, mobile electronics and precision
instruments.
3D SCANNING TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMS: 3D Scanning
Technology is also directly relevant to the objectives of the project and will
have a big benefit for vocational trainings and education programs for
students, enterprise staff, and graduates. Having this equipment available,
students and enterprise engineers will be able to learn about a completely
new scientific area in B&H.
It is neccesary to mention that this eqipment will be the first one purchased
in the region. Common applications of this technology include industrial
design, orthotics and prosthetics, reverse engineering and prototyping,
quality control/inspection and documentation of cultural artifacts.
SETTING UP A LINUX & OPEN SOURCE: Within the DePSME-VENet project,
B&H participants set up a LINUX & Open Source at their CFPs. This task
poses a new challenge because this operating system offers enormous
possibilities. This will contribute to the improvement and reform of B&H
higher education structures and systems of university-industry links.
2.2. Structure of the publication
Publicatio Ne Part ership Co cept of U iversity-Enterprise Sinergy in
d&H , developed ithi the DeP“ME-VENet project to point out the
necessity of modernization of the universities in B&H, through the
intergration of the development of partnerships with enterprises, and the
8
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
establishment of cooperation between key actors in the areas of education,
science and business.
The structure of these publication starts from the goals of EU in this field,
through the identified needs, state of development in the B&H, and further
through the presentation of EU good practices.
Chapter 3 contains representation of state of the art in the area of
partnership university-enterprise sinergy in EU level. This is the EU
legislation, policies and strategies, success factors, review of past
experience, the EU incentives and overview of main EU documents
produced by the EU Commission.
Chapter 4 describes the curent state in the development of partnerships
with enterprises in the B&H and overview of state institutions, strategies
and programs. There are key institutions in the areas of higher education,
research, innovation, and social partners.
Chapter 5 describes the good practices in the area of partnership university
– enterprise synergy in region and also EU. Twelve practices collected are
briefly described in chapter, through the display of main features of
university – enterprise cooperation.
The objective of this is the dissemination of the best EU practice, as well as
to start a series of initiatives, projects, programs for establishing effective
and sustainable structures for
development of partnerships with
enterprises in the B&H.
Chapter 6 contains representation of the new partnership concept of
university – enterprise sinergy in B & H.
There are recommendations about constitution of RS & B&H industrial
clusters, establishment of science and technology parks, technology
transfer centre, academic spin-offs, practical placement program for
students in industry, university – enterprise collaboration through
establishment centers CFPs, and benefits for key actors in the partnership
of university – enterprise synergy, and also other partnership modalities.
Finally, Chapter 7 attempts to summarise the issues into some clear
recommendations, addressed separatly to university – industry synergy,
policy markers and government representatives, and support newly
established Cooperative Focal Points in B&H for the future development.
9
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
3. STATE OF THE ART IN THE AREA OF PARTNERSHIP
UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE SYNERGY IN EU LEVEL
3.1. Partnership
A Partnership is an arrangement where entities and/or individuals agree to
cooperate to advance their interests. Partnerships between governments,
interest-based organizations, universities, schools, businesses, and
individuals, or some combination thereof, have always been and remain
commonplace /Wikipedia/.
The ter university – enterprise partnership i volves all types of li kages
between universities and enterprises, irrespective of their formality, scope
and types of activities involved and also basis for Cooperation University –
enterprise. Requirements for partnerships are infrastructure and human
resources: academics, administration etc, at the university. Basis for
cooperation with enterprise is a relative stable setting (risk-averse), willing
to invest human resources, money etc.
The Enterprise refers to any entity with economic activity, regardless of
legal status. This can include SMEs and other actors in the economy, as well
semi-public institutes, professional associations, chambers of commerce
and other legal bodies. There are arrangements for enterprise to have a say
in the partnership.
The role of European universities is very important in multiple directions
about partnership synergy by way higher education, advanced research and
technological innovation. Through Europe and EU programs, exists
successful development of partnerships between these sides, across
countries, universities, enterprise and academic disciplines.
New economical and production markets have strongly influenced through
industry services, production and research, design and development and
also currently impact to the higher education for new competences and
profiles.
10
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
3.2. Policies and Strategies
Partnership between universities and the world of work: universityenterprise cooperation is a priority for the European Commission. There are
a variety of policies in the fields of human recourses, research and
innovation, and also university – enterprise cooperation and other.
Universities have policy statements that mention the need to cooperate
with enterprises.
The role of European universities is very important in policies and strategies
throughout next three directions: higher education, advanced research and
technological innovation.
The following initiatives to support university – enterprise cooperation
through policies and strategies were identified.
EU Lisbon strategy as well important part for Education and Training
form and also a challenging program for modernization of education
system.
The Bologna Process is the common name for the progress towards
a European Higher Education Area. The European system would
consist of three main cycles: an undergraduate cycle, leading to a
Bachelors degree, and a graduate cycle, leading to Masters and
three cycle doctoral degrees.
University – enterprise cooperation and the Bologna Process is the
policy intervention with the advance of the knowledge – intensive
economics in Europe. This is agenda of European higher education
policy makers. Incentive schemes were devised, with more specific
demands and purposes, and dependent on clear outcomes, and
matching funds for university – enterprise partnerships.
European Commission encouragement has promoted through
various programs for the promotion of education and training
university – enterprise cooperation as a means of increasing the
relevance of education to needs of the labor market, of improving
graduates employability and of maximizing the use of knowledge.
Many International organizations have paid specific attention to
11
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
reinforce university – enterprise cooperation and have developed
special programs to promote it. That is some:
o The OECD Directorate for Education continues to dedicate
seminars and studies to the issue of public - private partnerships
in science and technology.
o UNESCO : The 27th UNESCO General Conference in 1993, the
UNISPAR Program was established to strengthen university –
industry cooperation in science, engineering and technology, is
also the main agent of industrial, economic and social
development.
o OECD/IMHE is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development on Institutional Management in Higher Education.
HEFCE is the Higher Education Funding Council of England.
The World Bank has aim to assistance in helping countries to adapt
their entire education system to the new challenges. To the World
Bank, a national innovation system is a network of firms;
universities, research centers, and another, assimilate and adapt it
to local needs, and create new technology.
3.3. Legislation
Legislation and Education policy has the potential to drive university –
enterprise cooperation. European Commission has produced more legal
documents of EU activity:
Legislative instruments;
Preparatory acts;
Case low, etc.
Regard to university – enterprise partnership next main groups of actions
can be suggested:
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Recognition of diplomas and qualifications in the EU;
Lisbon Strategy;
EU policy in the research and innovation;
Employment, etc.
Regard to legislative instruments, preparatory acts next can be issue out:
Support to small and medium enterprises;
Establishment of technology institutes;
Establishment of technology parks and other proper research area
boards and councils;
Promotion of creativity research and innovation policy;
Founding;
Management of intellectual property;
Established of knowledge-based society, etc.
Therefore, policy and legislation can be powerful facilitators. Build
partnerships, at national, regional and EU level with key stakeholders,
including employers in accordance with national legislation and practice is
important aspect of the issue.
3.4. Review of past experience and success factors
A team of DePSME-VENet project analyzed many EU-funded project
participants in TEMPUS, SOCRATES, ERASMUS - MUNDUS, and LEONARDO,
with a goal to view of international university – enterprise partnerships
synergy and to identify the critical success factors.
The project has analyzed the place and role of university – enterprise
partnership synergy in EU education and training policies regards to their
integrated dimension and their strategic developments and activities.
A project partners from EU were examples of good practice by university –
enterprise synergy and the concept and theory of university – enterprise
cooperation.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Therefore, this work was development for future concept new of
partnership of university – enterprise synergy in B & H. Benefits of
university – enterprise cooperation can be summarized as follows:
Prepare students for employment and widen job opportunities;
Better adapted education and research to the actual needs of
society;
Practical understanding of enterprises and educate for students
professional practice;
All stakeholders: students, professors, companies, etc, are involved
in the development and the implementation partnership synergy;
Cooperation policies and activities of university – enterprise are
regularly reviewed and clearly assessed by legal entity;
Bring an international dimension to education;
Transfer fundamental and applied research results;
Bring new teaching principles and industry-based case studies;
Reorganize educational programs from engineering disciplines on EU
competitive manufacturing;
Fostering the creation of clusters and integrating SMEs into
university – enterprise synergy;
Developing competence in high-end manufacturing technologies;
Support given to the creation of SMEs;
Better deal with technological changes, has direct access to research
results, and turns these results in marketable products.
The success factors summary report identified they cover following
activities:
Support structures and platforms: participation in governing boards
of enterprises and universities, establishment of technology transfer
center, locating business incubators at universities, start-up of new
joint enterprises;
Curriculum development and mobility: joint development of
teaching and learning models, program to develop
entrepreneurship, joint development of teaching and learning
models.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
3.5. Promote the value of mobility by university and business
By European forum on cooperation between higher education and the
business community, mobility is very important because it provides the
transfer of knowledge according to the needs of industry, and prepares the
graduates with firsthand experience for the labor market.
A very important point to encourage the mobility is across the borders and
between business and university. It would be good to simplify legal and
administrative procedures for the entry of non-EU students and
researchers. It is important role of education for talented engineers,
research and industry development.
The Basic function of education is to cultivate talents for society, and higher
education shoulders particularly the tasks of doing Basic researches,
tackling key technological difficulties and developing knowledge innovation.
Cooperation between higher education and industries, by way of promote
the value of mobility, is therefore very necessary for development of
industries and higher education and even the whole society. The mobility is
very important to:
Exchange of staff between universities and enterprises;
Accredit and acknowledgment the needs for mobility of students,
engineers, researchers to business;
Joint research within collaborative project;
A system of on-the-job training - Internship for white-collar jobs,
similar to an apprenticeship;
Research & development mobility programs,
Givi g graduates a d other participa t’s e perie ce of the labor
market.
Interns are usually college or university students, but they can also be high
school students or post graduate adults seeking skills for a new career. They
may also be as young as middle school or in some cases elementary
students. Student internships provide opportunities for students to gain
experience in their field, determine if they have an interest in a particular
career, create a network of contacts, or gain school credit [Wikipedia].
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Therefore, survey respondents from RS and B&H expressed an interest in
further developing an activities mentioned in order to strengthen industries
development and increase employability.
3.6. Universities – industry and promotion for Lifelong Learning
At the time of rapid development and high competition in the world of
global market, Lifelong Learning is a very important task. After finishing
faculty studies, technical staff in enterprises does not have enough time for
learning new material and IT technologies.
Established CFPs at B&H Universities will contribute to Lifelong Learning as
a kind of support for enterprise technical staff to solve this problem. CFPs
with installed equipment will be available for students, unemployed
engineers and enterprise engineers, who want to learn and to follow world
trends and tendencies. Lifelong Learning within the CFPs includes:
Improving the quality and efficiency of education and training
programs,
Enhancing creativity and innovation, including entrepreneurship, at
all levels of education and training,
Improvement of participation of the society in general (active
citizenship),
Possibility for learning appropriate technologies at the EU HE
institutions.
CFP staff and their peers can download teaching materials or participate in
the E-learning presentations on the official software site.
This is offered service (owning to CFPs) for industry and individuals and
consultation and support for the different departments and institutes.
The concept of Lifelong Learning spans a wide range of education and
training issues and speaks to many different audiences. Common themes
conveyed in literature on Lifelong Learning articulate four characteristics
which transform into the education and training.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Personal characteristics of individuals who are most likely to participate in
learning, either formally or informally throughout their lives, have acquired
[Wikipedia]:
The necessary skills and attitudes for learning, especially literacy and
numeracy skills;
The confidence to learn, including a sense of engagement with the
education and training system; and
Willingness and motivation to learn.
Therefore, continuing education needs close contact between university
and industry synergy and as well other modalities it is very importance.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4. CURRENT STATE IN THE B&H
4.1. Background
One of the results of the dramatic political changes in B&H is a collapse of
education system and broken links between universities and industry. That
problem was caused by last war in 1990s. For strengthening of B&H
economy it is necessary to make better products which are remarkable on
market and better production processes for making that products.
Multinational companies in B&H are silent and now on regional market
essentially exists small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which are not in
posetion to turn on science into product development. For that reason it is
necessary to make connection between universities and enterprises. It is
well known in actual global trends, transition and developing countries, like
B&H, that there can not be made a successful reforms in economy only with
lower labour-costs and natural resources. Their reforms must be focused on
the strengthening of knowledge competitiveness, better using of higheducated human resources, promotion of innovation and technology
transfer policies and more initiatives to the innovative SMEs. This approach
will facilitate the B&H integration into EU more successful and provide less
painful transition process.
The main aim of the Lisbon agenda is to turn Europe into a modern,
dynamic, outward-looking knowledge economy. It should be mentioned
that the aims of Lisbon strategy are also relevant for B&H, which are
expected to include it into their reform agendas. On this field universities
play a special role in promoting European standards in education and
training.
B&H conduct reforms in accordance with Bologna and Copenhagen
processes and they participate partially or fully in community programmes
or special programmes of EU in the area of education and technologies
(TEMPUS, FP7, Erasmus Mundus, etc.). Investment in education lies in the
heart of successful economies and is relevant to all regions in the EU.
Countries that invest in education and innovation have higher rates of
economic growth and higher levels of productivity over the long-run,
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
particularly where this is embedded in well functioning innovation
production systems. Supporting actions at national and regional levels are
aimed at developing inter-firm clusters and networks, enhancing panEuropean cooperation among SMEs. A flexible, knowledge-based economy
requires enhanced levels of innovation which would clearly be improved
through better and more effective links between education and
development centres at Universities and SMEs.
B&H have been already included in the main European processes within
areas of education and vocational training, research and usage of ICT
technologies, at national as well as regional level. These aims are expected
to incorporate into B&H reform agendas.
4.1.1. Education state
With the Bologna Process, transition of the higher education is required in
order to harmonize with the European education area.
B&H universities have not succeeded in making the transition from
educational to research institutions and they remaind pure colleges of
teaching. TEMPUS funds are of respective size to support the modernization
and restructuring of universities in B&H.
B&H had done the Reconstruction study of manufacturing engineering on
universities by the TEMPUS project SCM – C003A05/05 in accordance with
Bologna process. But now, it is necessary to make strong connection
between universities and industry, because university workers must meet
industry needs, and continuously make adaptation of education system.
The Education Reform Initiative of South Eastern Europe (ERI SEE) is main
instrument for the implementation of activities within the Memorandum,
established as a regional platform for cooperation of education and
training. Through fostering B&H cooperation and fascilitating capacity
building and promotes common EU standards in education it is evident of
the growing impact of the economic and social development.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
According to estimation of EU experts, links between university and
industry must be strengthened in order to overbridge the gap between
business needs and university services in the area of education, to enable
permanent transfer of knowledge, to increase financing of innovation.
University education system educates various profiles of engineers who
mostly are not educated to use all computer tools. Consequently, they
do ’t apply sophisticated to VE technologies in product and process
design.
Consortium of the project has analyzed numerous reviews and reports
about current level of connection between universities and
enterprises/SMEs and training needs for enterprise staff and students and
labour market needs for education program & vocational trainings of
unemployed graduates and school leavers in this area, and sustainable
practical placement programme for students.
The problems and needs, which are relevant for education state and
vocational training, are summarized as eollows:
Higher education and training for SMEs: insufficiently oriented
towards professional practice and experience, SMEs personnel lack
in IT skills.
Undeveloped collaborative culture between universities and
industry, especially with small companies, no experience about
clustering and regional development based on knowledge.
B&H enterprises do not have enough resources for competition with
world companies at the global market.
By setting up Cooperation Focal Points (CFP), Project partners in B&H will
contribute to development of a better education system and strenghtening
of cooperation between universities and enterprises by appliying VE
technologies. These CFPs will cover the complete area providing full VE
support to B&H enterprises/SMEs, education and training for students and
engineering fellows.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.1.2. Research state
In the worldwide research, the partnership between high education
institutions and enterprises, has one of the key-roles to ensure high
competitiveness of industry in any region or country. This problem is more
emphasized in B&H because of the lack of awareness in companies about
the need to collaborate more with the HE institutions. In addition, wider
the business environment with public governmental sector makes decent
support to the capacity growing of academic society for practical research.
Evenmore and the most, there is not enough networking between current
HE institution and sharing of equipment, human resources and job/research
exchange focused on practical chalenges in companies. Small number of
engineers from companies contact and consult with the departments in
universities, but also, students have not enough practice in the companies.
It is the problem for both sides mutually.
Accordance to the idea of developing partnerships between universities
and enterprises, Department for Metal Forming Technology at Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering Banja Luka with Institute for Metal Forming
Technology Stuttgart, is trying to develop cooperation with enterprises in
B&H. Department for Metal Forming Technology has equipment for
laboratory analysis of forming processes and relevant software for design of
products, tools and processes and their optimization adapted according to
specific enterprise needs, selection of materials for new products, reducing
lead times and reducing time-to market costs. Information exchange, trust
and partnership between CFP and companies are the highest priorities in
project.
Synergy and networking between HE institutions can contribute to better
and complement using of all their resources (human resources,
laboratories, equipment etc) for the practical research and better
partnership with B&H SMEs. All that reduces the above-mentioned
problems significantlly, despite decent quantity and quality of HE resources
in B&H. These challenges are also recognized by the Development
Strategies for the SMEs period 2011-2016 in Republic of Srpska (one of
entities/NUTS II regions) in Bosnia. Also, the Development Strategy for
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
SMEs at B&H statal level is in progressive preparation and the problem on
collaboration between HE institution - Companies is identified and some
development operational programmes are predicted.
A Virtual Engineering environment provides a user centered orientation,
what enables users to interact with an engineered system naturally and
provides users with a wide range of accessible tools. This requires an
engineering model that includes the geometry, physics, and any
quantitative or qualitative data from the real system. The user should be
able to walk through the operating system and observe how it works and
how it responds to changes in design, operation, or any other engineering
modification. Interaction within the virtual environment should provide an
easily understood interface, appropriate to the user's technical background
and expertise that enables the user to explore and discover unexpected but
critical details about the system's behaviorur. Similarly, engineering tools
and software should fit naturally into the environment and allow the user
to maintain her or his focus on the engineering problem at hand. A key aim
of virtual engineering is to engage the human capacity for complex
evaluation.
Personnel from Department for Metal Forming Technology in accordance
with the needs of SMEs, educate their staff in some areas of VE
technologies as a CAD design of products and processes, but it is necessary
to evolve that areas. Optimal selection generates positive consequences
for:
Manufacturing costs;
Tool costs;
Material costs;
Final quality and life of the product.
Enterprises in the B&H have been doing business in extremely difficult
financial conditions for many years. Therefore, investing in human
resources and their education and research was sporadic and insufficient.
The following summarizes only problems and needs which are relevant for
research state in B&H:
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Cooperation between University and industry: universities find it
difficult to attract social partners, lack of effective connection
between HE institutions and industry, cooperation between
university and industry takes place mainly with large companies;
Higher education and training for SMEs: universities are focused on
academic knowledge, insufficiently oriented towards professional
practice and experience, there is a lack of IT skills at SMEs personnel
state support for small business training is still limited to business
startup;
Undeveloped collaborative culture between University and Industry,
especially with small companies, no experience about clustering and
regional development based on knowledge.
Newly established CFPs will cover complete area for fully research &
development support to the B&H enterprises/SMEs and education and
training of students and engineering fellowships.
4.1.3. Innovation state
Innovation and competitiveness of SMEs between universities and
enterprises is generally at a very low level in terms of technology
innovations and transfer, there is a low level of awareness of the concept of
innovation and its role in the economic growth.
Considering the fact that 97.5% of active enterprises in B&H have been
categorized as SME, with needs and operate procedures completely
different from ones at large enterprises, the innovation project will be
focused on the development of sustainable system support for SMEs in
B&H.
Application for innovative VE technologies in the development of new and
improvement of existing manufacturing processes in home, and as well in
the EU companies and SMEs, will represent the key activator of
productivity growth, and consequently development and prosperity for
B&H.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
On the other hand, engineers in those enterprises were educated within
the existing education system which was not focused on acquiring new
knowledge in the area of innovative VE technologies.
In order to be competitive at the market, enterprises need trained and
skilled human recourses with whom they can be competitive in spite of
rapid scientific and technological changes. Today, all enterprises must
deliver products on the market very fast, and also personnel continuously
must improve products or make new better products. That can be only
done by using VE technologies.
Innovation and concurrency between universities and enterprises are
generally at a very low level in terms of technology innovations and
transfer, there is a low level of awareness of the concept of innovation and
its role in economic growth.
The publicatio Ne part ership co cept of u iversity – enterprise sinergy
i d&H is specific because it represents an investigation of efficient and
effective mechanisms and structures of collaboration between HE
institutions, enterprises/SMEs, research and innovative centers,
development agencies and entities and national authorities.
It is concluded that, very important to establish sustainable connection
between key partners in B&H through newly establishment CFPs which will
have the necessary human recourses and equipment/software for
application of innovation technologies.
The aim of the Innovation programs of university – enterprise is to enable
new product, process and services development for industry through
collaboration with Third Level Institutions resulting in mutually beneficial
co-operation and interaction. The program will be supported under the
National Development Program of RS and B&H.
4.2. State Institutions, strategies and programs
B&H is a state composed of two entities: the Republic of Srpska (RS) and
Federation of B&H (FB&H), and District of Brcko (DB). Furthermore, FB&H
is administratively divided into ten cantons.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
In B&H today, there are 8 public universities, of which two are in the RS:
University of Banja Luka and the University East Sarajevo, and six in the
FB&H: University of Sarajevo, University of Zenica, University of Tuzla,
U iversity of dihac, U iversity of Mostar a d U iversity Dze al dijedic i
Mostar. In B&H there are ten private universities of which six are in the RS,
and four in the FB&H. In B&H the management structure in the education
sector, is very complicated.
In the RS, the responsibility for education belonged to the Ministry of
Education and Culture of RS, and scientific research activities to the
Ministry of Science and Technology of RS. Universities in the RS are based
on the Low on Higher Education of RS.
In the FB&H the responsibility for education, including higher education,
belongs to the Federal Ministry of Education and Science, where each of
the ten Cantons has its own Ministry of Education and Science.
In addition, there is a state-level Ministry of Civil Affairs of B&H (MCP)
which has a Department for Education and the Department of Science and
Culture. Their role is to coordinate activities in the field of education at the
state level and as well to define strategies at the international level in the
area of education, science and culture.
The reform at all Universities in B&H has been undergone, with the aims of
becoming the part of European higher education community.
All Universities in B&H participate in projects within the EU funds through
the Tempus, Erasmus Mundus, and Framework Program for Research &
Development: FP6, FP7, Austrian Development Cooperation, DAAD, Open
Society Fund B&H and other.
Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Republic of Srpska
prepared new Strategy of scientific and technological development for the
period 2011 to 2016, and organized public debate. New strategy is focus to
national goals in science and technology, as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Affirmation of national identity;
Improvement of public policy making processes;
Medicine and human health;
New materials and technologies;
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
5. Environment protection and climate change;
6. Energy and energy efficiency;
7. Agriculture and food;
8. Information and communication technologies;
9. Creation and development of SMEs;
10. National strategy for information society.
The purpose of strategic planning of scientific and technological
development of RS is to identify the goals and priorities for achieving social
and economic development (figure 4.1).
GDP of RS, - 000 KM
Goals of 1-10,- 000 KM
Figure 4.1. Projection of GDP in RS (2011 – 2016) for realization of the national
goals in science and technology
The Development Strategy of B&H identifies the goals and objectives in the
economic development of B&H, and then defines the measures and
activities for achievement of these objectives in the action plans for the
period until 2014. Those are the next identified development goals for B&H:
1. Competitiveness;
2. Macro-stability;
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
3.
4.
5.
6.
Employment;
Sustainable development;
EU path, and
Social inclusion.
The Social Inclusion Strategy of B&H (until 2014) identifies the needs for
improvement of the society and social policies which would enables
persons exposed to risk of poverty and social exclusion to get the
opportunity and resources required for a full participation in economic,
social and cultural life. The development goals social policies are, as well:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Social protection involved in the function of employment;
Strengthened of protection of families with children;
Improvement of education;
Increased of health protection quality;
Improvement of pension policy;
Improvement of protection of disabled persons.
B&H projections until 2014 are based on certain positive trends in
recovering of economy. It is predicted to provide the stable and continuous
increase in foreign trade, accompanied by an increase in exports over
imports, as well as expansion of all other branches of economy.
The perspectives of macro-economic indicators trends have been made by
the Directorate for Economic Planning, Council of Ministers B&H. It
predicts further implementation of the Stabilization and Association
Agreement, which implies the gradual reduction and abolition of customs
on goods imported from the EU, and continues harmonization of excise
rates in B&H with the minimal standards in the minimal standards in the EU.
It is according to the foundations for preparation of indirect tax revenue
projections for 2011 – 2013. (Directorate for Economic Planning, Council of
Ministers B&H - Outlook 2011 – 2013)
The current account deficit is expected to be further increased in 20122013, with the annual growth rate of 11% in 2012 and 4% in 2013 due to a
well-known reason – increased trade disequilibrium accompanied by the
expected increase in import of goods and services by around 12% and
export by 14-15% (Figure 4.2).
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Figure 4.2. Projections of increase in imports, exports and share of current
account deficit in GDP in B&H (2011-2013)
In line with the Development Vision of B&H, it should be primarily worked
on improving education and skills, sustainable development, foreign trade,
competitiveness and work force mobility, what will provide better quality of
life for the citizens.
The Development Strategy of B&H, the Social Inclusion Strategy of B&H and
the Development Vision of B&H represent the documents which serve as
strategic framework for the EU and IPA programs implementation and as
well it would achieve the status of candidate for membership in the
European Union.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.2.1. University of Banja Luka – (www.unibl.rs)
The University of Banja Luka was founded on November 1975. Today the
University of Banja Luka has grown into a modern educational and research
centre embracing almost all major areas of teaching and research, presently
comprising 13 faculties with the student population of 17000. The
University of Banja Luka offers a wide range of study programs on
undergraduate and advanced levels. The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
in Banja Luka as a part of University of Banja Luka belongs to a group of the
most distinguished and most prestigious scientific-educational institutions
from the area of technical sciences. Education at the Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering includes a whole spectrum of development of modern and
contemporary technologies, in accordance with the European trends,
ideally placed for practical profession, but also as a basis for efficient
creative work.
The vision of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Banja Luka is to
develop into a modern European academic institution acknowledged by
academic and scientific research achievements. The main role of the Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering is to rationalize, examine and develop
innovations in the field of engineering and technical sciences as well as to
help the development of the region and beyond through scientific and
technical support. Education at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
combines the entire spectrum of modern and contemporary technologies
development, ideally designated for practical profession, but also as a basis
for creative work. The Faculty has five departments: Department of
Production Engineering, Department of Energy and Traffic Engineering,
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of
Mechatronics and Department of Environmental Protection Engineering
and Safety Technology.
The main tasks of the Department for Metal Forming Technology (Head is
Project beneficiary from B&H, Prof. Milan Sljivic)
are: design of
technological processes in areas of metal sheet forming and bulk metal
forming, optimization of the production processes, application of
CAD/CAM/CAE technologies in product, process and tool design, re-design
29
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
of the existing processes and optimal material selection for new products,
rapid prototyping and rapid tooling, polymer processes and technology
recycling & remanufacturing and other.
Experts form Department for Metal Forming Technology has participated in
many national and international projects and cooperative development
with industry in the area Production technology sector.
The Center for Virtual Technology within the Cooperative Focal Point – CFP
Banja Luka was established on 25 February 2011, No. 7-10/11 by the
Department and Laboratory for Metal Forming Technology, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Banja Luka Act as a Laboratory
organizational unit. Main tasks and obligations of the CFP Banja Luka are
cooperation with regional production companies at the R&D activities and
also education of students and graduates at the new Virtual Engineering
Technologies. Responsible person is prof. Milan Sljivic, PhD.
The Fou datio I ovatio Ce tre of Banja Luka was established with
the support of the University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska Government,
Government of Norway, the City of Banja Luka, and Republic Agency for
development SMEs. In achieving its objectives, center focuses on three
main elements, as well:
Business incubator;
Consulting for possible joint ventures with local companies;
Development and training activities.
Agency for cooperation, Education and Development – ACED organizes
practice for students of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka
ithi their project activities Develop e t of e trepre eurship i
agriculture .
Project Management Center was established within the Ministry of RS, and
its responsibility is to work on technical assistance to all potential users.
They are state and private universities, public sector, SMEs, and others. The
Center works on promotion of the FP7 program and the preparations for
the inclusion in other European programs for science and research.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.2.2. University of East Sarajevo - (www.unssa.rs.ba)
The University of East Sarajevo, B&H (UES) is a law successor of University
of Sarajevo which was founded 1949. UES has inherited tradition and reach
experience in education.Today University of E. Sarajevo counts at about
14000 students. Faculty of Mechanical Enginering at University of East
Sarajevo has 6 cathedres and 6 departments. He has good cooperation with
other ME faculties in B&H working jointly on several projects and primarly
at education of mechanical engineers. The faculty has a long history of
innovation in engineering education, preparing graduates to take leading
roles in the engineering industry in B&H. He has good cooperation with
industry through practical research and higher education.
The Center for Virtual Technology within the Cooperative Focal Point – CFP
East Sarajevo was established on 5 May 2011, No. 130-02/2011 by the
Senate of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of East
Sarajevo and with the approval of the Dean of the Faculty. CFP East
Sarajevo is situated at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of
East Sarajevo. Head of CFP East Sarajevo is Dusan Golubovic, PhD, Professor
at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of University East Sarajevo.
The main activities of CFP East Sarajevo are assigning in Annexes this
publication.
4.2.3. Faculty of Traffic Engineering Doboj, University of E. Sarajevo
(www.stfdoboj.net)
The Faculty of Traffic Engineering Doboj, University E. Sarajevo, was
founded in 2005, by rights of the University of E. Sarajevo. The Faculty have
placed in Doboj. The Faculty provides high quality education in all sorts of
traffic: city, road, highway, railway and postal, including logistic and
communications. The Faculty counts at about 2000 students.
The Center for Virtual Technology within the Cooperative Focal Point – CFP
Doboj was established in 2011, by the Senate of the Faculty for Traffic
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Engineering, University of East Sarajevo and with the approval of the Dean
of the Faculty. CFP Doboj is situated at the Faculty of Traffic Engineering in
Doboj. Head of CFP Doboj is prof. Perica Gojkovic, PhD, Dean of the Faculty.
Main activities of the CFP Doboj are presented in Annex.
4.2.4. University of Sarajevo - (www.unsa.ba)
The University of Sarajevo is the first university in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
It was established in 1949. Today, with 23 faculties and around 55,000
enrolled students, it ranks among the largest universities in the world in
terms of enrollment. Since the university opened its doors, 122,000
students received Bachelor's degrees, 3,891 received master's degrees and
2,284 doctorate degrees in 43 different fields.
In order to develop and improve the scientific disciplines that are studied at
the University of Sarajevo, scientific research and art research activities are
done at universities/ academies – members of the university, in the areas of
medical, technical, natural sciences and mathematics, biotechnical, social
sciences and humanities, and art. Within the member institutions of the
University of Sarajevo, there are currently a total of 25 institutes and
centers, and a large number of laboratories. As associated members of the
University four institutes have also been established.
4.2.5. University of Tuzla - (www.untz.ba)
University of Tuzla is established in 1976. Today, it has over 20 000
students, 13 faculties and 44 study departments. University of Tuzla has
seven faculties. University of Tuzla has established the Business Start-Up
Center of the University. The Center aims to promote and develop the idea
of entrepreneurship with students on graduate and postgraduate studies
and graduates of the faculty of the University of Tuzla. The Center provides
the students with business planning education through trainings and
consultation, as well as with business consulting services in order to support
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
the students and graduates to design and develop ideas based on
knowledge and to start their own business. Within its existing laboratories,
University provides incubation for innovative business ideas that are based
on knowledge gained during studies. Target groups are: seniors of all
faculties of the University of Tuzla, the young people who have recently
graduated and have not found employment yet, but who want to acquire
entrepreneurial skills and graduate students. It is necessary to mention taht
Mechanical Engineering Department exists from 1961. Students are
studying and research Basic principals of mechanics, materials and energy
where they get skills in modeling CAD, programming, machine construction
and machine elements, materials testing, numerical process analyses etc.
Mechanical Engineering Department has following study departments:
Energy Engineering, Production Engineering and Mechatronics.
4.2.6. U iversity Dze al dijedi
of Mostar - (www.unmo.ba)
The University "Dzemal Bijedic" during the academic year of 1994/95 was
separated from the University of Mostar which was established in 1977.
It started work in the east part of Mostar stating Bosnian as the official
language. The university is in Mostar and consists of eight faculties
(Agromedierranean faculty, Faculty of Human Sciences/Humanities, Faculty
of Information Technology, Faculty of Business Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Teachers Faculty and
Faculty of Law).
Also, it is needed to mention that the two very important institutes have
been established at the University: The Institute of Mechanical Engineering
and The Institute of Design and material and construction testing of Civil
Engineering Faculty.
The Institute of Mechanical Engineering was the carrier of scientific work,
the holder of knowledge transfer, the bridge between industry and
universities, the connection between the production process of
fundamental research and higher education. In the Department of Design
and material and construction testing the laboratory has been equipped for
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
geomechanic testing, power unit testing, and testing of concrete and its
components, chemical and construction testing, as well as geodesic
measurements. This creates the conditions for the strengthening of the
Institute and the inclusion in the teaching process and development
projects. Also at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in 2011. was
established Cooperative Focal Point – CFP Mostar, whose responsible
person is prof. Sead Pasic, PhD. Explaination for CFP Mostar's obligations
and tasks are given Annex.
4.2.7. University of Mostar - (www.sve-mo.ba)
The University was established in Mostar in 1977 and faculties and higher
schools function further on as its part. From 1992 the Croatian language is
the official language at the University of Mostar. The University of Mostar is
the only Croatian speaking University in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Founders
of the University of Mostar are the cantons with the Croatian majority in
Federation of BiH: Herzegovina-Neretva, West-Herzegovina, Central Bosnia,
Posavina and West Bosnia. Today the University has around 16,000
students and 1,000 employees. There are ten faculties, academy of Fine
Arts, eight institutes and the Student center within the University. Further
tendencies of the university are:
Accelerate development of joint infrastructure of the University;
Harmonization of normative acts of the University with a new legal
regulative whose defining is still in the process;
Work on improving coordination and information at all the levels of
the University;
Work on finding control mechanisms for efficient monitoring of
implementing decisions of the management at all levels;
Increasing own sources of funds through more intensive
cooperation with economy, motivation for applying and
participation in BH and international contents for scientific-research
projects, through center for technologies transfer and center for
lifelong learning.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.2.8. University of Zenica - (www.unze.ba)
The history of high education in Zenica started some 40 years ago when the
High Technical School was founded. In 1959 and 1960 there were some
intensive activities undertaken on setting up a Faculty. Thus, pursuant to
the Decision of the People's Board in the Zenica County and following the
Decision from 1961 passed by the Executive Council of the Bosnia and
Herzegovina Republic, the High Technical School was transformed into the
Faculty of Metallurgy. The Faculty worked within the Sarajevo University.
The University of Zenica was founded on October 18, 2000 pursuant to the
Decision of the Zenica-Doboj Canton Assembly and it is the youngest
organized higher education institution in B&H.
The University has launched a series of projects for the development of
universities, including the internal university project „Co stitutio a d
develop e t of s ie tifi a d te h ologi al park Ze i a . These projects
aim to make the most direct transformation of University from teaching
towards entrepreneurial. University of Zenica appears as one of the
founders and strongly supports the activities of the constitution and
development of the park.
Center for innovation and entrepreneurship started operating in 2008. The
main activities of the Center are:
Promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship within the student
and teacher population;
Maintenance or participation in con-ferences, counseling, practicum
(work-shops), fairs and the like;
Cooperative function between the University and the labor market
as regards creation and development of new curricula;
Development of innovative and entrepreneurial activity within the
student body through its seminar and final graduate exam papers
that are needed by the industry of the region;
Help in creati g research for aster’s a d doctoral dissertatio s
that are needed by the industry of the region and B&H;
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Development of business plans and establishment of innovative
enterprises through prototypes` development;
Support programs to the development of spin-off and spin-out
companies within the academic community and support to SMEs in
the region in their strong business growth and development;
Helping innovators and entrepreneurs in the region with the
realisation of their ideas;
Helping with the cluster organization of SMEs and technology
transfer from the developed parts of the world.
4.2.9. University of Bihac - (www.unibi.ba)
The University of Bihac is a public institution of higher learning founded on
July 28, 1997, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The roots of higher education in
this area go back much further. In 1970, an outpost of the College of
Engineering in Karlovac started its work, and in 1975, the Department of
Engineering at the College of Engineering in Bihac was established.
A Department of Textile Technology was founded in 1979, as well as the
College of Economy. Since 2006/2007, students have been enrolled in
studies according to the principles of the Bologna declaration.
The implementation of this principle is burdened with many problems.
However, considering the enrollment policy, classes are mostly conducted
according to the Bologna system. This means that class sizes are kept to the
minimum number permissible, and as such, students are able to receive
more direct and meaningful feedback from professors.
University of Bihac has seven faculties, and it has launched several projects
aimed at improving the teaching process and knowledge and technology
transfer in the industry.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.2.10. Local communities
Development agencies have important role in the development of
partnerships with enterprises of local communities and as well as
networking activities for public services: ministries, and regional/local
authorities.
Some of the agencies in B&H are: Republic Agency for development of small
and medium enterprises RS (ASME), Agency for local economic
development ZEDA, Sarajevo Economic Region Development Agency
(SERDA), etc.
4.2.10.1. ASME Banja Luka - (www.rars-msp.org)
Republic Agency for development of small and medium enterprises RS
(ASME) – Banja Luka was established by the RS Government with the main
aim to support development and subsistence of small and medium
enterprises in Republic of Srspka. It is nedeed to mention that ASME has
participated in many national and international projects.
The objectives of the agency are:
Increasing the participation of SMEs in the overall industry of
Republika Srpska;
Increasing technological development, for small and medium
enterprises;
Modifying the structure of activities with the increase of
participation of productive activities and services in the gross
domestic product;
Education for entrepreneurship and training of entrepreneurs.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
4.2.10.2. ZEDA – (www.zeda.ba)
Agency for local economic development ZEDA has been operating since
2004, and was established by Zenica municipality. The aim of the agency is
to become the most important development institution with the main
objective to follow the development priorities of the municipality, to create
partnerships for the implementation of development projects, to prepare
them and coordinate their implementation.
The main activities are:
Development of business environment;
Supporting the creation of new enterprises;
Increasing the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises;
Development of business services market with the organization and
support of high-quality entrepreneurs.
4.2.10.3. SERDA – (www.serda.ba)
Sarajevo Economic Region Development Agency (SERDA) was established in
May 2003 by Sarajevo Canton, the City of Eastern Sarajevo and twenty
municipalities from Federation B&H and RS. The processes of integration of
all 32 municipalities of Sarajevo Macro Region and accession of the City of
Sarajevo have been completed in 2006 and SERDA currently has 35
members/founders. Within the last 9 year period, SERDA has consolidated
itself as a leading Agency for the regional economic development.
Recognizing the needs of its founders and members, SERDA creates the
favorable environment for a balanced, integrated and harmonized
development of the Sarajevo Macro Region.
In accordance with the successful implementation of activities in the
previous year, the Sarajevo Economic Region Development Agency SERDA
in 2012. will continue with the implementation of projects and project
activities aimed at improving the overall environment for further economic
development of the macro-region of Sarajevo. The plan envisaged the
38
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
realization of projects in cooperation with the founder SERDA and projects
that were approved under previous calls on the EU, among which are:
Project Support to the competitiveness of small and medium
enterprises in the metals industry through introducing new
technologies and jobs, implementation of EU standards and
strengthening the export capacity-EUMETAL
Project Support the development of ecotourism in the National Park
Sutjeska
Project "Fate fro the ar y to e trepre eurship
Project TEX-EASTile
Project METRIS Plus
SERDA is a regional development agency appointed by the European Union,
whose mission is to create positive environment for sustainable economic
development in Sarajevo Macro Region, and advance, strengthen and
promote development of Sarajevo Macro Region through mobilization of all
available resources.
SERDA objective is a harmonized and dynamic economic development of
Sarajevo Macro Region for the purpose of strengthening mechanisms for
B&H accession to the EU.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
5. GOOD PRACTICES IN THE AREA OF PARTNERSHIP
UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE SYNERGY
Description of a policy, mission and vision a few of actively university in the
field of good practices of Partnership University – Enterprises synergy,
explain:
Existing university mechanisms and structures;
Strategic plans and decision-making structures;
Promotion and implementation of university-enterprise of good
practices.
5.1. University of Stuttgart - (www.uni-stuttgart.de)
The University of Stuttgart was founded in 1829, at the beginning of the
industrial age in Europe. The cooperation between technical, physical and
human sciences has always been an advantage of the University of
Stuttgart. Today the university is a modern, achievement-orientated
institution with a comprehensive range of subjects and a focus on technical
a d physical discipli es. The a i is ot o ly „job- ualificatio , but
"tech ology, k o ledge a d educatio for a ki d , as the otto of the
University of Stuttgart says. A core competence of the university lies within
the interdisciplinary connection of its research. The research competences
are centered around the main focuses: material technology, environmental
engineering, energy engineering, traffic engineering and vehicle
engineering (both cars and aeronautics), combustion research, production
engineering, microsystem and nano engineering, process engineering,
information and communication science, cultural theory, as well as
questions of value regarding interactions of man and technology, social
research and management, architecture, constructive engineering and
urban planning. Research Institutes of the University of Stuttgart have great
cooperation with production companies. Their results are used for
desinging of the new products and production processes in well known
40
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
companies (Audi, Mercedes, Bosch, MAN, BMW, etc.). University of
Stuttgart, Institute for Metal Forming Technology - UST has been chosen as
the best to accomplish this project (158623-DE), because it has been
already contractor of TEMPUS project JEP -14340 – 99 and SCM-C003A052005 which was successfully realised at University of Banja Luka, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering. In the meantime there is already existing a good
and traditional cooperation between these two universites, which will last
for much longer. Coordinator of the project is Dr.-Ing. Stefan Wagner, Head
of Department for Sheet Metal Forming, Institute for Metal Forming
Technology who has a big international experience.
5.2. University of Ljubljana - (www.uni-lj.si)
University of Ljubljana (UL) has procedural roles and policies concerning
cooperation with business entities and enterprises in place. University
supports all forms of university-enterprise cooperation. Apart from transfer
of knowledge through education of students (and their employment in
busi esses a d publicatio of papers, the U iversity shares its’ k o ledge
through: sponsored research agreements, contractual consulting, licensing,
and spin-of companies.
U iversity of Ljublja a’s seve strategic objectives desired to achieve higher
quality, cohesion and time reduction between creating, obtaining,
transferring and applying knowledge are:
Increasing the scope and quality of research and development work;
Introducing study programs in line with the Bologna process
principles;
Strengthening and enhancing international cooperation;
Increasing the flow of knowledge into practice;
Establishing a comprehensive system of quality monitoring and
assurance;
Development of supplementary activities;
Strengthening mutual cooperation among autonomous members.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
All the strategic decision-making is reached through the University of
Ljublja a’s doard of Directors a d the Senate.
University of Ljubljana aims to increase the applicable value of its
knowledge and the constant flow of knowledge between University of
Ljubljana faculties and other organizations in the economic and public
sectors. Structures at UL that support the student body-enterprise
cooperation are:
The Economic Board is a advisory body of the U iversity of Ljublja a’s
Rector and consists of 14 members –well established people of local
business community, most of them performing high powered managerial
jobs. The Economic Board advises on issues regarding the future
development of student curricula provides an insight into the future needs
of the job market and provides counseling on fund raising strategies.
The University of Ljubljana Career Centre (KC UL) is an internal
organizational unit. Its Basic task is to conduct career counseling and
assistance to students enrolling and choosing the study programs at the
University of Ljubljana. KC UL has strong connections with the local business
and provides market oriented services for employers, such as job
announcements and selecting appropriate candidates.
University Technology Transfer Office (TTO) was established in 2007 and is
formed as an internal organizational unit with a specific aim to put into
place an internal invention disclosure procedure, invention assessment and
patent protection and to market the publicly financed knowledge,
generated at the University of Ljubljana.
The Institute for Innovation and Development at the University of
Ljubljana (IRI UL) was established by the UL and ten technologically
advanced and successful Slovenian companies. The institute had already set
up and implemented projects in 2008, which are aimed at securing an
adequate environment for facilitating interdisciplinary projects and the
acquisition of relevant competences.
University of Ljubljana joins knowledge and technology together with
Slovenian industry and SMEs in many multidisciplinary Centers of
Excellence. In the old financial perspective of Structural Funds the UL was
42
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
the holder of 2 out of the 10 Research Centers of Excellence in Slovenia. The
Faculty of Electrical Engineering is the holder of the Centre of Excellence for
Information and Communication Technologies and the Medical Faculty is
the holder of the Centre of Excellence for Biotechnology and Pharmacy. In
the new Structural Funds financial perspective (2008-2013) University of
Ljubljana cooperates in all 8 newly established Networks of Excellence, in
two of the as coordinator: Centre of Excellence for Space Sciences and
Technologies and Centre of Excellence for Biosensors, Instrumentation and
Process Control.
European projects are also of significant importance for the development of
the UL research activity and its increased interconnection with the
economy, as well as for market orientation development and regional
development. UL is very active in international and European research,
education and development programs in many of them in partnership with
companies and SMEs. It has cooperated and still cooperates in 117 FP6
projects, in 77 FP7 projects and in many other research, development and
educational projects financed by European Union. Together with local
authorities Chamber of Commerce of Slovenia and business and SME
associations University of Ljubljana cooperates in many projects financed by
regional development programs like ESPON; INTERREG Slovenia-Austria,
Slovenia-Italy, Slovenia-Croatia and in Transnational Cooperation Program
which aims at strengthening cross-border, transnational and interregional
cooperation. UL is also actively involved in development of regional
strategies through the Technological platforms. UL has a highly professional
Office for European projects with reach experience in the projects financed
by European Structural Funds (ERDF, ESF, EQUAL, INTERREG).
5.3. “. I. U iversity of Györ - (www.sze.hu)
The “zeche yi Istva U iversity of Györ, Faculty of E gi eeri g “cie ce UG , HU. “zéche yi Istvá
as bor i o e of the richest oble fa ilies in
1791. He was the initiator of the reform movements, which started in the
1820's as well as an excellent writer and politician and the founder of the
43
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was also Minister of Transportation in
the first independent Hungarian government (1848) and the creator of the
first permanent bridge between Pest and Buda over the river Danube,
called the Chain Bridge. The university serves and will serve the economy
and society of the city and the area with the continuous expansion of the
educatio al spectru . I the early
’s besides the tech ical scie ces
economical, medical and social programmes appeared in the educational
de a d. I
the Eötvös Lorá d U iversity set a la progra
e here,
so the juridical training returned to the city and since 2002 it is an own
progra
e of the “zéche yi Istvá U iversity. The Faculty of E gi eeri g
Sciences comprises the Baross Gábor I stitute of duilt E viro e t a d
Tra sport, the Jedlik Á yos I stitute of I for atics, Electrical a d
Mechanical Engineering. The purpose of the Baross Gábor I stitute is to
provide technical higher education as well as research and consultancy in
the area of architecture, civil, environmental, and municipal and transport
engineering. The six departments in the Institute run accredited degree and
diploma courses which make extensive use of continuous assessment,
group projects, individual projects and self-learning packages to develop
personal skills such as creativity, confidence, problem solving, decision
making, co-operation and communication. It is necessary to mention that
the university institutes and departmens has a strong coopetation with
production companies in Hungary, ecpacially with Audi and Suzuki.
University researchers are continuosly working at the R&D projects for
above mentioned companies, and the other regional companies.
5.4. Graz University of Technology - (www.tugraz.at)
Two of eight main policies in the field of R&D at TU Graz were the
development of IPR management and an improved technology transfer to
industry at the time when all Austrian universities implemented the new
Universities Act 2002. In this policy the inventors are involved in all phases
of the exploitation process, since an exploitation of a technology without
the inventor is almost impossible.
44
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
TU Graz Mission and Vision Statement clearly says, that Graz University of
Technology produces top performers and managers much in demand and
contributes to the sustainable development of society, economy and
environment in a responsible way. The majority of the University Council
members have been holding executive positions in industry.
The R&T House of Graz University of Technology supports communication
and co-operation with the business and scientific world, politics and society.
It consists of 3 Offices:
1. Research and Technology Office (RTO);
2. Technology Transfer Office (TTO) acts as industrial liaison service
providing a range of knowledge transfer services;
3. Technology Exploitation Office (TEO) is the competence centre for
the commercialization of know-how and intellectual property.
Career Info-Service (CIS) jointly organized by Technology Transfer Office
and the Graz University of Technology Alumni Association deliver a range of
information and employer branding services for HR departments of
businesses so they can address specific target groups among this potential
workforce and inform young graduates about present job and career
opportunities: career start page (job platform), direct mailings, employer
branding opportunities for TU Graz partner companies.
International Relations and Mobility Programmes Office serves TU Graz
members receive comprehensive information about possibilities to spend a
semester or an academic year abroad. Since TU Graz has partner
institutions both in the European and non-European area, students can
participate in numerous mobility programmes, such as Erasmus, Joint Study
a d I“EP as ell as be eligible for the „Gra t for short-term scientific works
and subject-specific courses .
Life-long Learning Office approaches young graduates as well as
experienced professionals with a technical and scientific background
interested in vocational education and training. LLL Office organizes a
number of University Graduate and Certificate Programmes, Courses and
Seminars and Summer Academies.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Science Park provides entrepreneurship trainings for potential academic
incubator projects including student teams if there is a valuable business
idea; it also organizes Business Plan Competitions. It also taps a pool of socalled business mentors which give hands-on advice to entrepreneurs. Its
objectives are to support university graduates of all fields of knowledge
who have good business ideas in the pre-start-up- and start-up-phase by
coaching, infrastructure, mentorship, financing and funding support.
Technology Exploitation Office provides training in IPR issues.
There is a range of project formats to co-operate with industry and
business, including: Student exercises; Team projects; Projects with diploma
theses and dissertations; Feasibility studies/technological and scientific
services and counseling; Contract research projects/R&D collaboration; Inlicensing of a TU Graz invention/patent; Joint ventures.
Undergraduate students, graduate students and PhD students are
frequently involved in projects with business and industry. In some cases
they may be employed by the enterprise. Hundreds of TU Graz graduates
over the last decade have started an enterprise of their own. Moreover a
number of TU Graz inventions have been licensed to the private sector and
been incorporated in new products and processes.
TU Graz has partner institutions both in the European and non- European
area (Partnership Agreements, Co-operation Agreements, Memorandums
of Understanding/Letters of Intent).
In general terms it can be said that the majority of business partners of TU
Graz are SMEs. Many of them start collaboration with joint master theses
and other small scale projects, but many high-tech SMEs have been
involved in large R&D projects with TU Graz including joint Competence
Centers.
5.5. Norwegian University of Science and Technology - (www.ntnu.no)
Vision of the NTNU is to be internationally recognized as an outstanding
u iversity by
. It as pla ed that NTNU’s progra
es of study a d
continuing and further education to be relevant for society and there is a
46
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
demand for all graduates in working life. NTNU is promoting
interdisciplinary measures and merge theory with practice. NTNU have an
international focus and is a leader in technological and natural science
education.
SINTEF was originally established in 1950 by the Norwegian Institute of
Tech ology NTH as the I stitute’s o
i stru e t for carryi g out
commissioned research. Today, the former NTH has been incorporated into
the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim.
NTNU’s ge eral profile is based on technology and natural science, and the
University has the main responsibility for technological education and
research in Norway.
The Gemini Centres form a model for strategic cooperation in which
scientific groups with parallel interests coordinate their scientific efforts
and jointly operate their resources. SINTEF and NTNU - The Norwegian
University of Science and Technology - have established a wide range of
Gemini Centres. The objective of the Gemini Centres is to develop large
scientific groups of higher quality than either of the partners could manage
to build up on its own.
SINTEF also cooperates with NTNU and other partners in other areas and
via other centres:
Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures is o e of NTNU’s three Ce tres of
Excellence. SINTEF is a partner in this centre.
Centre of Mathematics for Applicatics is one of the U iversity of Oslo’s
centres of excellence. SINTEF is an active partner in this centre.
The Gas Technology Center was established in 2003, and unifies the
combined efforts of The Norwegian University of Science and Technology
(NTNU) and SINTEF. The Gas Center seeks to exploit the synergism of
multidisciplinary research into the natural gas value chain. The center is the
largest natural gas research- and educational center in Norway.
The Centre for Renewable Energy (SFFE) unifies the competence of NTNU,
SINTEF and IFE within the field of renewable energy, as well as initializing
new and relevant research tasks. Research fields include small scale
hydropower, wind-, solar-, wave-, and bio energy as well as social
dimensions of energy use.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
NTNU in cooperation with SINTEF organization is national leaders in
contributing to research-based spin-off companies and revitalization of the
public a d private sectors. NTNU’s stude ts are e couraged to apply their
knowledge to innovative commercial activities.
5.6. Rhei is he Fa hho hs hule Köl – University of Applied
Sciences - (www.rfh-koeln.de)
Rhei ische Fachhochschule Köl RFH – University of Applied Sciences has
clearly defined university procedures concerning cooperation with
enterprises or public owned organizations and they are clearly defined in
legal documents. RFH has department for the cooperation development
a d i di g up of the releva t processes. Part of their u iversity’s strategy
is the promotion of the co-operations with the industrial enterprises or
public owned bodies. Strategic plans are the master plans standing how the
university and enterprise will achieve their mission and objectives. In the
part of the strategy implementation, they set joint policies into action
through the development of programs, budgets, and procedures. In the
scope of business matters RFH has also the CEO of the university. If it
concerns the common projects and contracts with the industrial
enterprises, the arrangements and contracts define the exercise of the
executive power and decision-making procedure.
RFH University has the centers and services which support the promotion,
implementation and consultation in the matters of the university-enterprise
cooperation. RFH University has supporting services and centers which help
students and graduates on the way in the professional independence
(entrepreneurship). On the web-side of the “tude t’s represe tatio
(ASTA) there are the area and database for job and placements offers. Also
they work close together with the local labor office (working agency) and
lead statistics about the placements of graduates.
RFH University has developed with the FORD Company a Curriculum, by
which company offers their employees the possibility to educate them self
and later on to take over the appropriate tasks in the company. Enterprise
48
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
representatives are involved in such programs. With other companies RFH
University has developed similar Curricula and allow the student to acquire
a company certificate after the regular exam.
Entrepreneurship trainings are one of the parts which their carrier centers
offer. If it concerns the vocational (professional) training, RFH University has
sub-unites (branches) which offer just this kind of the continuing education.
Some of these continuing education programs are realized in narrow
collaboration with the regional labor offices (working agencies), so that RFH
University also offers retraining measures and courses. Regular evaluations
of the lecture are carried out every semester. With regard to the deficit
balance in a subject of study, RFH University offers classical seminars and
addition courses on the special subjects. Joint research projects arise by the
extension or supplement of the preceding common projects between the
institutes and the firms, and are realized by the arrangements with the
companies. RFH University has the own Research and Development
department (R&D) and institutes which support research project with
industrial enterprises (also with public bodies).
RFH University is actively involved in the development of the regional
strategies. They are supporting actively university-enterprises
collaborations and co-operations and the educational strategies, as for
instance retraining measures developed with the regional labor offices
(working agencies) as a part of the reduction of the unemployment due to
continuing education & Life-long learning. RFH University is from time to
time, in dependence of the kind of the project and the project realization,
involved in different EU regional development projects.
5.7. University of Novi Sad - (www.uns.ac.rs)
A clearly defined procedure regarding university-enterprise cooperation is
incorporated in the Statute of the University of Novi Sad (UNS), Novi Sad,
Serbia. University of Novi Sad promotes, develops and establishes the
university-enterprises cooperation both within the country and outside
with the aim of exchange of experience, knowledge, improving education
49
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
quality and joint applied research activities as well as two-way mobility of
employees. University of Novi Sad establishes contacts regularly with
interested companies and creates protocols and contracts about bilateral
(or multilateral) cooperation, exchange personnel and organization of
seminars, info days or students practice. Members from enterprises are not
currently involved in the management structures, decision-making
structures and bodies of the UNS.
Technology Transfer Centre (TTC) was established at the University of Novi
Sad and this has been the first step towards creation of the Science and
Technology Park Novi Sad. Legally, TTC is embedded into a wider
environment called the University Innovation Centre, established by UNS in
cooperation with Serbian Ministry of Science and Technology. Furthermore,
the Novi Sad Incubation Center (NOSIC) plays an essential role in the Novi
Sad economic development cluster programme. Having Novi Sad Incubation
Centre space and supporting services dramatically increase the yield and
make business start-ups an important part of the Science and Technology
Park. There is a database of job openings at different enterprises provided
by Center for carrier development, which also organizes contact between
students and companies. International relations activities at the UNS are
carried out at several levels: student organizations, departments, faculties
and the University (Rectorate). At the University level there is a central
International Relations Office that was formed in 2001 as one of the
mechanisms that were needed to facilitate the growing participation of the
University of Novi Sad in Bologna-related activities, projects and reforms.
Mobility of students and staff is the top priority of the International Office.
Marketing units exist only at the level of faculties. Some of these marketing
units are very well organized, like the marketing unit of the Faculty of
Technical Sciences. The main activities of these units are web presentation
and micro web site, print and TV ads, events and conferences, fairs, Faculty
Open days. At the level of university, only PR Office exists.
Support to the foundation and development of spin-off companies is
performed through Novi Sad Incubation Center (NOSIC) which plays an
essential role in Novi Sad economic development cluster programme.
Almost all study programs (except medicine and arts) promote
50
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
entrepreneurship among students and wider communities. Also, the Best
Technology Innovation competition is one of ways by which the UNS has
started to train would-be and existing high-tech entrepreneurs in order to
change the current entrepreneurial knowledge and innovative culture.
Student placements are organized by the Executive Council of the
Auto o ous Provi ce of Vojvodi a, a d dr )ora Dji djic fu d
(particularly in Germany and Austria). Different specialized student
organizations organize student exchanges and work placements, as well the
Center for Career Development and Student Counseling. Some faculties
have teachers who worked in industry or they are engaged as consultants
or e ployee’ trai ers i co pa ies’ operatio .
Enterprise Europe Network in Serbia offers information about EU market
possibilities as well EU and domestic RTD possibilities.
The University of Novi Sad has developed a very useful cooperation with
Republic agency for SMEs (especially with the branch in the Province
Vojvodi a Al a-Mo s , ith Republic cha ber of co
erce, ith Ce tre
for “trategic Eco o ic “tudies Vojvodi a-CE““ of the E ecutive Cou cil of
AP Vojvodina. Some of professors from the University of Novi Sad have
been involved in development of regional and national strategies. The
University of Novi Sad is a partner in many EU projects such as FP7,
TEMPUS, EUREKA, SEE-ERA.NET, etc.
5.8. University of Belgrade - (www.bg.ac.rs)
The University of Belgrade is the oldest State University of the Republic of
Serbia. The origin of the university of Belgrade can be tracked down to the
year 1808, when the College was founded by Dositej Obradovic.
It was establiessed in 1905, and today it has 31 faculties, 11 scientific
research institutes, 6 University Centers and University Library.
The University of Belgrade has established cooperation with higher
education institutions worldwide – in Asia, the Americas, Australia and
Africa. In order to minimize the time a graduate student needs in order to
adapt to the working environment, the University of Belgrade is trying to
51
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
establish connections with companies and to upgrade the already existing
ones. The University of Belgrade has always been open and ready to
cooperate and has established cooperation with higher education
institutions worldwide.
The Belgrade University Information Center acts as an integrative
information service at the University level, and contributes to the
strengthening of the role of the University in the society. Its activities are
aimed at stimulating the level of communication among the members of
Belgrade University through dissemination of relevant information within
the University community but also between the University and its broader
environment. The main task of the IC is to incite, support and overview the
development of the intranet and internet functions .
The Center for Strategic Management and Strategic Planning (CESMUB)
was founded in order to strengthen the integrative functions of the
University, as well as the planning, organization and implementation of
strategic activities of the University. Activities of CESMUB are directed to
promotion of new forms of links among faculties within the University, as
well as the University with its external environment. As the University of
Belgrade is the largest University in Serbia, there is a need for development
and implementation of modern and effective organizational structure, as
well as managerial system, which are the Basic functions of CESMUB.
The Centre for Career Development has been officially founded by the
University of Belgrade in 2006, as joint initiative of the Foundation of Crown
Prince Alexander for Culture and Education, the University of Belgrade and
the University of Nottingham. CCD as a professional university service has
aim to support students and recent graduates in developing practical
knowledge and skills relevant for employment, or continuing education
upon graduation and to connect them to the business community.
The Center for Science and Technological Development (CENTER) was
founded in 1999 by the University of Belgrade and the Development Fund
of the Republic of Serbia. In the CENTER research activities are pursued in
two organizational units: 1) Center for Plasma Physics and Plasma
Technology; 2) Serbian-Japanese Centre for Scientific Simulations.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Institute Mihajlo Pupin (IMP) is the largest and oldest institute in the area
of ICT technologies in the South-East Europe. It carries out applied research
to meet the needs of large utility and traffic companies, trade companies
operating in different fields of industry, state bodies and institutions, public
security, financial orga izatio s etc. The I stitute’s i te sive i ter atio al
cooperation enables active participation of staff in the European research
projects (FP, Interreg, COST, EUREKA, etc.), bilateral projects with other
countries, and cooperation with the eminent European institutions such as
the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, with which the MPI founded a Joint
Project Office. Within JPO, MPI is uniting ICT expertise and resources with
prominent German R&D organization. A wide range of services covers
customized IT solutions, software outsourcing, technology consulting,
engineering, prototyping, and system design and integration.
The Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science is a multidisciplinary scientificresearch organization which carries out fundamental, developmental and
applied research in natural, technical and technological sciences. The
Institute carries out its multidisciplinary scientific research and activities in
13 laboratories, 5 centers and several supporting services and offices.
Besides scientific centers there is Centre for Permanent Education.
The Institute for Multidisciplinary Research (IMSI) is founded to combine
fundamental and applied research in several complementary research fields
such as materials, environmental sciences and renewable energy,
aquaculture, plant biology, biophysics, neurosciences and medical
engineering.
Innovation Center of Mechanical Engineering Faculty Belgrade was
established with aim to transfer generated scientific, technical and
technological knowledge into new and/or improved products, processes
and services.
Innovation Centre of Faculty of Organizational Science deals with
technology and knowledge transfer in domestic enterprises and industry, in
the area of ICT technologies. For this purpose they use generated
knowledge, professional potential and IT equipment of Faculty. Moreover,
IC has cooperation agreements with two forging partners, leaders in the ICT
technologies, IBM and RedHat.
53
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Innovation Centre of the School of Electric Engineering is an organization
where scientific results are applied in a systematic and original way, as well
as modern technological processes in order to create innovations, new
products, technologies, processes and services. This Center offers adequate
facilities and working conditions to postgraduates and to the employees,
working on innovation projects at ICEF.
The Business & Technology Incubator has been established as a
partnership between the four technical faculties of the University of
Belgrade (Civil Engineering, Mechanical, Electrical and Technological/
Metallurgical), the Municipality of Palilula and the Democratic Transition
Initiative. The aim of the Incubators is to give support in the early stages of
business development in the form of subsidized overhead (office and
research space and technological and telecommunication infrastructure),
administrative assistance (legal, accounting, etc.), as well as business
counseling (planning, management, marketing, etc.).
5.9. University of Kragujevac - (www.kg.ac.rs)
The University of Kragujevac is the educational centre in the central Serbian
region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. It started its independent operation in
1976 and now it comprises of 11 faculties out of which five are in
Kragujevac. University has approximately 1400 students and around 1000
teaching staff. So far 18 000 students graduated from the University, 600
ear ed their aster’s degree a d
successfully defe ded their doctoral
dissertations.
The Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences and the University of
Kragujevac established a joint Research center in 1992. The Center
comprises ten sections, mostly directed toward research in areas which
have not yet been encompassed by the typical teaching and research of the
university. The Ce ter’s ork is realized through the activities i research
projects, publishing activities and organization of scientific meetings,
lectures and round table discussions.
54
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
In July 2007, the University of Kragujevac established the Center for Career
Development and Students Counseling, in cooperation with the
Foundation of Crown Prince Alexander for Culture and Education. The main
goal of the Centre is to establish a link between the employers and the
recently graduated students, as well as to improve the level of
employability of students, providing them with various opportunities for
jobs, further education, scholarships, internship, voluntary work and
practical placements in the leading innovative companies in order to
develop practical skills and better position on the labor market. Besides,
Centre also aims to provide a wide range of services to the employers so
that the cooperation would be successful and a long-term one. It helps the
employers best articulate their needs and be actively involved in shaping of
their future staff. It also enables them to promote their companies as
socially responsible ones. The Centre for Career Development cooperates
with many institutions, such as foreign cultural centres, chambers of
commerce, professional organizations, other career centres etc.
The Centre for Virtual Manufacturing (CeVIP) was founded in 2006 as
scientific-research centre of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in
Kragujevac, i scope of the project titled Virtual Ma ufacturi g “upport for
Enterprises i “erbia . Gro th of CeVIP is drive by i creasi g k o ledge
content in a variety of activities relevant for development of industry,
especially SMEs. CeVIP is equipped with modern equipment and specialized
software, unique in Serbia, which facilitates application of technology for
Virtual Manufacturing (VM) in design of products, tools and processes, their
opti izatio adapted accordi g to specific e terprises’ eeds. Tra sfer a d
diffusion of these new technologies in economy is Basic aim to support the
SMEs in process of acquiring the innovations. In line with idea of network
knowledge and transfer technologies, CeVIP has established Virtual
Manufacturing Network – VMnet as efficient industrial-science link, which
has already more than 800 members from the WBC region (large
companies, SMEs, R&D organizations, NGO, Agencies for SMEs,
entrepreneurs, experts, managers, engineers, researchers, students etc.). It
is necessary to mention that CeVIP staff continuosly work on R&D projects
for regional production companies.
55
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
5.10. University of Zagreb - (www.unizg.hr)
Research Strategy of the University of Zagreb 2008-2013 among other
things defines the objectives and tasks related to the strengthening of
cooperation between the academic community and the economy as
regards joint projects and technology transfer. In September 2009,
University also adopted the Innovation strategy, which further confirms and
elaborates those guidelines.
The Technology Transfer Office, University of Zagreb, was founded in
January 2008. so as to encourage and support, through their activities, the
commercialization of innovative research results and new knowledge that
emerge at the University. Office operation has been supported almost from
the beginning through the Project of technology development by the
Ministry of science, technology and sport, which is also financed by the
World Bank. The Technology Transfer Office conducts the
commercialization of innovative research results in accordance with the
Regulation act of the Technology Transfer Office. The Office is designed as a
service to researchers, and the help it provides includes: commercialization
of innovative research results, intellectual property management in
research and development projects, assistance in establishing cooperation
with the economy, information and education (workshops, lectures) of
researchers as regards protection and commercialization of intellectual
property, collaboration with industry and academic entrepreneurship.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of
Zagreb, founded the Center for Technology Transfer Ltd. – CTT in 1996. CTT
mission and goals are:
Improving the technological processes in the Republic of Croatia,
primarily for the needs of Mechanical Engineering and Naval
Architecture;
Linking science and technology with economy;
Launching innovative projects aimed at sustainable development;
Life-long training of experts from the economy aimed at successful
technology transfer processes and the increase of domestic industry
competitiveness.
56
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
5.11. University of Maribor - (www.uni-mb.si)
There are clear procedures regarding the intellectual property management
(technology transfer) and creation of spin-off companies, which are
incorporated into Rules of Intellectual Property Management at the
University of Maribor. Strategic plan is created to establish three pillars of
innovation: Technology Transfer Office, University Business Incubator and
Science Park, which will contribute to the greater involvement of the
University in the economic environment. In the decision making structure
representative of enterprises is named in board of University of Maribor.
There are also representatives of enterprises in some other bodies on
faculty levels.
Technology Transfer Office (in the form of non-profit limited company,
owned by the University) gives a full support in assessing and
commercializing the inventions, and later on monitoring the licenses and
other agreements. It is also competent to lead the process of establishing
spin-off co pa ies a d e ter the co pa y ith the U iversity’s share. The
TTO functions from 2006.
The U iversity’s usi ess i ubator, named Venture Factory, usually
fosters the newly established spin-offs, offering them facilities and
e pertise i the field of e trepre eurship. The et ork of U iversity’s
incubators reaches also Celje and Velenje. The Styria Technology Park and
Science Park foster more mature companies. Currently there are no specific
database placements/job offers accessible to enterprises and students.
Some of the important links are:
International office;
Net spin-off Incubator of the University of Maribor;
University career centre.
Some faculties from the University of Maribor have enterprise boards,
which discuss competences, skills, curriculums, etc. in the processes of
study progra
e’s for atio a d evaluatio . I the process of the
accreditatio a part of the study progra
e’s proposal is also trade branch
57
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
asse bly’s opi io , opi io of related sphere i istry or releva t e ployer
associatio ’s opi io . TTO a d Ve ture Factory carry out occasio al
trainings and lectures about entrepreneurship and intellectually property
management. Young researchers, employed at the University, are even
obliged to participate such training. Currently at the University level there
are no centre for professional training and education, but there are some
centres for professional training and education placed at the faculties.
Joint research projects can be realized through contract between University
and companies; in the form of joint institutes; through various national and
EU projects; through programmes such as Young researchers in economy.
Styria Technology Park has been operating for several years, excepting
companies, deriving from R&D results and other innovative ideas at the
University. Science Park is currently being built, pursuing the same mission.
Common are also joint research institutes with private-public ownership.
The University of Maribor is especially involved in EU regional development
projects through cooperation with different partners within following
networks: EUA, DRC, AARC, LEO-NET, ENAS, UNEECC.
5.12. Slovenian Tool and Die Development Centre (TECOS) Celje
(www.tecos.si)
TECOS was established in 1994 by Government of Republic of Slovenia
(more precisely Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry for
Education and Sport), Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia and
Municipality Celje.
TECOS is an institution, established in order to support Slovenian tool
making industry being more competitive on the most demanding markets.
Our founders supported us because they saw tool making as one of
Slovenian strategic and primary directions. The main goal of TECOS is to
take advantage of its own knowledge and equipment and use it together
with equipment and knowledge of both Slovenian universities (University of
Ljubljana and University of Maribor) and other scientific-research and
expert institutions in order to support Slovenian toolmakers.
58
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
The main tasks of TECOS are the following:
support to tool making industry in implementation of state-of-theart technologies;
applied R&D work for the industry;
support and training in R&D for SMEs;
joint actions for promotion of tool making industry on foreign
markets;
management and coordination of joint national and international
R&D projects and
specialized trainings for specific tool making skills.
TECOS has more than 80 industrial and other members.
An extremely important aspect of TECOS' activities is creation of bridges
between science (theory) and industry (practice). Cooperation of both is
extremely important, especially in nowadays dynamic business
environment. Because of known specifics of both sides a good cooperation
is often difficult to establish.
This organization exist mostly because of the industry, and its knowledge
and activities are therefor oriented into support for mechanical engineering
industry, especially the toolmaking sector.
This is being accomplished with activities on the following fields:
CAE Department,
R&D Projects and
Training.
59
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
6. NEW PARTNERSHIP CONCEPT OF UNIVERSITY – ENTERPRISE
SINERGY IN B&H
6.1. Background
New partnership concept of university – enterprise is based on market
driven synergy between high education and other R&D institutions and
e terprises/“MEs i d&H. This is the knowledge based partnership in the
quality of highest priority of development agenda. Universities and
companies differ in the way on 4 integrated main factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Market;
Education;
Research and
Innovation.
The one biggest challenge for EU education system is implementation of
innovation and market oriented education and much more then common
promotion of it. Kay players in partnership concept development are, as
well:
Universities: higher education, R&D and innovation centers;
Enterprises: big companies and SME sector;
Public supporting sector: government and supporting institutions;
Cluster development: according to the EU supporting methodology;
Establishment of science and technology parks;
Technology transfer centre: for interactions between 3 key
processes at R&D, Marketing and Financing;
Academic spin-offs: which are based o the k o ledge eco o y .
It is necessary to develop entrepreneurial and innovative way of thinking
among students, but also teachers, trainers, and graduates/industrial
fellows. Modern society based on knowledge based partnership ,
economy growth and better living conditions can be achieved by synergy
between universities and enterprises.
60
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
6.2. Benefits for key actors in the partnership of university –
enterprise synergy
Interactions between universities and enterprises are beneficial to both
sides. Benefits to universities come from complementing their own
academic research and from commercialization of research results. Benefits
to enterprises come from increased access to new university research and
discoveries.
University-Industry/SMEs synergy will be one of the strategic
directions for B&H’s higher engineering education reform. It will have
strategic significance in terms of promotion of engineers and
technicians at different levels, scientific research and knowledge
innovation, industrial upgrade and development of national
economy.
The main benefits for the B&H universities and enterprises will be:
Fellows that will act for the knowledge and technology transfer
from university to their enterprises but they will also;
Provide
excellent
communication
channels
between
University/industry/SMEs;
Provide up-to-date pipeline processing by Virtual Engineering
Network,
Provide experienced practitioners for innovation of internal audit
products, tools, and services;
Reduce investment in overall staffing regarding labor costs:
salary and benefits for fellows accepted into the IFP.
Technical expertise, research, and innovation by university
experts: professors and researchers to the industry;
Technological transfer from university to industry;
Promotion and development of new skills useful for the industry;
Professional growth and reward opportunities for high-potential
staff, integrating career goals with fellowship opportunities;
Stimulation to apply the scientific approach to industrial activities;
Establishment of an important communication channel with the
61
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
university, in technological fields external to the specific research
activity;
Implemented customized tasks that are mutually beneficial to
the employee, the organization, and the university/SMEs;
Strengthening external relations in accordance with EU partners.
Therefore, they work as part of an enterprise, supported by a team of
university experts: professors, teachers, researchers, who bring out
technical expertise, research, and innovation to the enterprise or
the company. Industrial fellows deal with knowledge and technology
transfer from university to their enterprises and provide excellent
communication channels between them.
6.3. New partnership concept of university-enterprise synergy
In the second stage of coming global economic crisis, the leading economies
have been putting the competitive ess laid o the knowledge based
partnership , in the highest priority of development agenda.
However, the knowledge partnership has to be market oriented and its
product represents a capacity for customer/client satisfaction or creation of
new needs. So, new partnership concept is based on strictly market driven
synergy between high education and other R&D institutions on one side
and enterprises on the other side. So, the interest of enterprises certainly
grows to develop tighter partnership with high education institutions
through R&D activities and professional trainings.
Co se ue tly, the value chain of marketable knowledge lies o
integrated pillars: market, education, research and innovation (MERI),
Figure 6.1. So, every R&D has to pass the estimation of market potential. By
this methodology, R&D will have the higher chances to be effective, what
means, its output has bigger commercialization capacity.
62
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
VALUE CHAIN OF MARKETABLE KNOWLEDGE
- Innovation Centers
- Knowledge based
SMEs
- Big companies
APPLIED KNOWLEDGE
COMMERCIALIZATION
MARKET DRIVEN
KNOWLEDGE CYCLE
MARKET TARGETING
EDUCATION
INNOVATION
MARKETABLE
PRODUCT/
TECHNOLOGY
- Big companies
- SME Clusters
- Production based
SMEs
- End user market
PROVIDING APPROPRIATE
HUMAN CAPITAL
EDUCATION
RESEARCH
- Universities, Institutes
- Technology parks, Science parks
- Universities, Institutes
- Training Centers
Figure 6.1. Innovation cycle to higher competitiveness
To optimize this cycle it is important to clarify its components, and then to
recognize some gaps between them. From the very beginning, it is
important to analyze the global market needs.
Mentioned model should be catalyzed by governmental sector at all levels
and recognize the needs of all stakeholders in innovative cycle. So, global
market requires not just new products, but also new mindset and approach
to competitiveness. The global market with intensive pressure of
competitiveness needs the human capital with the high capacity in skills
and knowledge. So, education system must respond mostly and promptly to
market, much better than by now. Education system, which consists of
universities, training centers and institutes, should communicate with
higher responsibility with big companies, SME clusters, individual innovative
SMEs and finally end user market, to understand their trends. It helps them
to be more proactive and direct the changes on competitive way.
The usual mission of universities is the creation new knowledge through
human capital and expands this knowledge through society and private
sector. However, very often, the research and development is also an
63
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
important part of activities at up-to-date universities, both fundamental
and applied research. As more applied and marketable research one
university has, the more sustainability and prestigious ranks achieved.
Also, the fundamental research should be influenced and at least sectarian
directed, by market needs.
The one biggest challenge for EU education system and domestic one is
certain slow response of universities and public support granting systems
on market changes. Implementation of innovation and market oriented
education has to be real priority, much more then common promotion of
it.
It is shown through growing number of graduated staff, which is not
attractive to production-oriented companies for engagement. It is
especially emphasized for service and non-production oriented, graduated
human capital. So, these companies have tendencies to replace their
production capacities in other global area with this opportunity.
The positive changes on the above-mentioned challenges have to be
catalyzed by decisive support of governmental sector to EU companies of all
sizes in collaboration with education system and R&D sector and help them
to keep their infrastructure and direct their investment in both EU unified
market and EU candidate countries.
On the other side, it is very often to make research in public institutions to
satisfy scientific publications, because it is important to provide both, grants
from public sector and increasing of academic ranking for academic and
research staff.
It is essential for the future, to provide the following concepts:
Concentration of the public incentives and grants to the market
driven R&D, it has to be innovative and required by business sector;
Education (university curriculum and practical trainings) has to
correspond the fastest and the most appropriate to the needs of
business sector,
Innovation should be more focused to the practical applications of
the companies with aim to provide both, high quality new or
improved products, and also efficient and productive technologies.
64
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
UNIVERSITIES
EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH POLICY,
INCENTIVES FOR PUBLIC
AND PP RESEARCH
HIGH EDUCATION
R&D and INNOVATION
CENTERS
PUBLIC SUPPORTING
SECTOR
GOVERNMENT
INTEGRATION AND
PARTNERSHIP POLICY
SUPPORTING
INSTITUTIONS
1. COMMERCIALIZED RESEARCH – NEW
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES
2. DEMAND DRIVEN PROFILE OF
HUMAN CAPITAL
DEMANDS:
- HUMAN CAPITAL PROFILE
- MARKET TARGETING R&D
ENTERPRISES
BIG COMPANIES
INNOVATION POLICY AND
INCENTIVES FOR INNOVATION
SME SECTOR
Figure 6.2. Key players in partnership concept development and its relations
In figure 6.2, it is shown the major actors and their relations important to
provide more effective R&D in EU and candidate countries.
The real science impact factor of observed research papers has to be
measurable effects o the co pa y’s co petitive ess or pe etratio to
the market.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned outcomes and impacts to the
competitiveness of EU and candidate countries private sector, it is
necessary to strengthen the partnership between various stakeholders,
both from public and private sector, as shown in the following pictures.
The key partner which should initiate the positive changes is the public
administration or government (all, from the local level to the EU level). They
provides the most appropriate business environment by various
65
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
instruments as supporting public institutions, incentives, entrepreneurial
infrastructure, affordable taxes, etc.
The interests have to be satisfied for both SMEs but also big companies, and
attract them to keep their infrastructure in EU unified market.
Measurable parameters for benchmarking of partnership concept are based
on the measuring the interactions between partners and number of new
and improved commercialized products or technologies.
Measurable parameters are, as follows:
1. Number of signed contracts between R&D providers and enterprises
based on market driven requirements;
2. Amount of incentives and funding provided by public sector, focused
on signed contracts between R&D providers and enterprises;
3. Amount of R&D providers income from commercialized projects
based on product or technology development;
4. Number of trained engineers according to the expressed demands
from enterprises;
5. Amount of academic sector income for specialized non-formal
training based on expressed demands from enterprises;
6. Number of innovative products and technologies released on
market;
7. Amount of enterprise income based on innovative products or
services;
8. Number of initiated innovative projects between big companies and
SMEs within EU member countries and candidate countries.
It may be noticed that the demands from enterprises are different from big
companies and SMEs. Usually, big companies have own R&D capacities but
in some cases they have not enough innovative solutions and pressed by
time limits for launching of new products, like in car industry.
So, in that market niche, it is a big opportunity for universities, but also for
knowledge based SMEs, mostly as spin-offs. All these opportunities should
be recognized with the highest priority for support from public sector.
66
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
On the other hand, common SME sector which has not R&D capacity and
focused primarily on production, they have different needs. So, public
supporting sector, business development centers, and government should
support them to make market analysis and strategy with identification of
commercialization capacity. Then, they should support joint research
projects for developing of new or improved products or services.
Generally, for all kind of enterprises, the important steps are: identification
of products with high capacity for commercialization and well-focused R&D
to provide appropriate prototype until early acceptance for production.
This development issue is more emphasized in the developing countries
with the status as candidate countries for EU membership, because they
have lower capacity of all major actors in above-presented partnership
concept. So, it is crucial to have very intensive promotion of all supporting
activities from government to accelerate the partnership and to provide
more effective using of national and EU funding for R&D purposes.
Also, supporting public sector and government have to facilitate more
intensively domestic universities and enterprises to participate in EU
networks like Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) and European Network for
Business Innovation Centers (EBN). It is essential to improve capacity of
partners from candidate and pre-candidate countries for partnership with
EU member R&D sectors and innovative companies, their inclusion in EU
technology platforms inclusion, but also absorption capacity in EU R&D
funding like FP7, COST, EUREKA, CIP and the others.
6.4. Organization of RS and B&H industrial clusters
In last 30 years, the industrial clustering is recognized as one of the key
concepts for creation of competitiveness of observed area/region/state.
The father of this concept theory, Michael Porter, pointed out on
geographical proximity/concentration of observed industry sector.
In the meanwhile, the global market trends have been drastically changed
Porter’s odel based on regional concentration. Especially, it is caused by
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
fast development of all kinds of transport infrastructure and IT
communication network. Global pipelines are normal condition and many
companies are specialized for specific production of parts and
subassemblies.
It is common situation in car industry that subcontracting partners are not
in regional proximity, but spread out worldwide. Transport costs are
decreasing rapidly, global information exchange is almost free of charge
and prompt, so currently it had better to be specialized in specific
production niches with dynamic flexibility, no matter how far it is. Such kind
of global competitiveness demands everlasting investment in marketoriented knowledge and innovation.
Very useful defi itio of clusters is declared i the Community Framework
for State Aid for Research and Development a d I ovatio (EC 2008.).
It defines i ovatio clusters as groupi gs of i depe de t under takings innovative start-ups, small, medium and large under takings as wells
research organizations — operating in a particular sector and region and
designed to stimulate innovative activity by promoting intensive
interactions, sharing of facilities and exchange of knowledge and expertise
and by contributing effectively to technology transfer, networking and
information dissemination a o g the u der taki gs i the cluster.
In all up-to-date EU development policies, it is pointed out the definition of
innovative clusters as a matter for EU Grant Aid and State Aid of EU
member countries. EU supports currently just the clusters which are based
on innovations. It shows how important is innovation for EU
competitiveness.
In the following model, Figure 6.3, it can be seen the policy and initiatives of
cluster development, according to the EU supporting methodology.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
1.
2.
Analysis and Strategy
Policy learning and
cooperation
3.
4.
Cluster development
5.
Trans-national
cooperation
Cluster support
services
INNO Policy Trend Chart
European Cluster Alliance
Regions of knowledge (FP7)
European Cluster Alliance
Europa INNOVA (CIP)
EU Initiative for Excellence (CIP)
European Cluster Observatory
European Cluster Policy Group
Cohesion Policy (Structural
Funds)
Enterprise Europe Network
Figure 6.3. Key EU instruments for the cluster development (by EU Innova)
One can see, there are five stages of cluster growing from the first step -
analysis of cluster initiatives or mature clusters to the last step - cluster
support services.
Firstly, there is a statistical stage provided by European Cluster Observatory,
what is the Basic for the preparation of European Cluster Policies and
Programs. The next step is networking based on cluster initiatives. In third
and fourth stage, cluster development is supported by corresponded EU
Funds Schemes and its growing on trans–national level. In the last stage,
the further growing of cluster is supported by innovation incentives and
networking of European enterprises.
From 2008, EU Delegation only supports innovative clusters. It is a cluster,
which consists of key stakeholders around innovative product or
technology. It is also recommended to the national state aid policies of EU
members. In Figure 6.4, it can be seen the key players and development
factors for the creation of innovative clusters and their sustainability.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
KEY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS
INNOVATORS –
TALENTED
PEOPLE
CREATIVE
IDEAS
- new products
- new
technologies
INFRASTRUCTURE
TECHNOLOGIES –
TECHNOLOGY
PLATFORMS
FINANCING
DEVELOPMENT
POLICY&
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT
MARKET
INNOVATION NETWORKS/INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS
R&D SECTOR
SME SECTOR &
INDUSTRY
- new products
- new
technologies
SUPPORTING PUBLIC
SECTOR
KEY PLAYERS
Figure 6.4. Development of innovative clusters
As for clustering in Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is still
on pilot projects and usually cluster initiatives are followed mostly by
international projects and incentives.
I the Republic of “rpska, the “trategy for the develop e t of “MEs
co prises the easure of clusteri g develop e t . The Mi istry of
Industry, Energy and Mining (MIER) and the Ministry of Science and
Technology (MNT) support the clustering and innovative projects in a
certain level, according to their modest budget capacity. The MIER and
Republic agency for the development of SMEs (RARS), perform together the
analysis of cluster initiatives and existing clusters.
In Figure 5, it can be seen the major stakeholders, which influence on the
cluster development in Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
GOVERNMENT OF RS
UNIVERSITIES IN RS
Development Agencies
(RARS)
Public R&D Institutes
Investment Development
Bank Republic of Srpska
ENTREPRENEURIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
Credit Guarantee Fund RS
Start-up incubators
Innovation Centers - ICBL
CLUSTERS
DEVELOPMENT
PRIVATE SECTOR
Technology/Science Parks
Big companies
FINANCE & INVESTMENT
SECTOR
Small and Medium Companies Subcontractors
Innovative Small and Medium
Companies – mostly Spin-offs
Investment Banks
Joint Venture Funds
Business Angels
Private R&D Institutes
Chamber of Commerce and
Industry RS
Figure 6.5. Major stakeholders which influence on cluster development in RS and
B&H
It is shown in the previous picture, the cluster initiatives start from private
sector. Mostly, it is spontaneously caused by global market pressure to
domestic small and medium companies and their understanding of
necessity to cooperate. Down-top approach is the most frequent way of
clustering in RS and B&H.
Merely, wood processing, food processing and metal processing sectors are
the most active and self-initiative. They have made the first step in
clustering. Pilot projects were in wood processing industry and it mostly
supported by international projects and grant institutions, like EC
Delegation in Bosnia, UNIDO, UNDP, USAID and others.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
According to the Strategy of SMEs, the RARS development agency
supported 6 clusters with their establishing phase. They are as follows:
Cluster Drvo-PD Prijedor, Udruzenje Drvo-G from Gradiska, Cluster Solar
Group, Cluster Doboj– Udruzenje Drvotehnika, Cluster Drina drvo
Srebrenica and Cluster Bilje-graf - Trebinje .
Cluster Drvo-PD Prijedor is the most successful cluster which has about 40
members, mostly companies. This is the cluster of wood industry and
furniture industry with head office in Prijedor. It was established in 2005
with the technical support of local development agency.
Clusters from Gradiska, Srebrenica and Doboj have had the similar model of
clustering in wood industry and its major focus is common access and
promotion to the global market and international fair exhibitions. Also, they
have common supplying of raw materials.
Cluster Solar Group is initiated from Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Banja Luka. It consists of machine industry companies like Topling Prnjavor,
Koming Gradiska and Bemind Banja Luka. They established the cooperation
about common design, production and assembling of solar energy systems.
They have made the first solar heating system in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
6.5. Establishment of science and technology parks
In one sentence, the science and/or technology parks are the places where
the academic knowledge is transferred into applied R&D, through the
institutes (public or private) and private companies (both big companies
and SMEs) which are mostly integrated there. It is based on clearly
expressed market interests.
According to the International Association of Science Parks (IASP) in
February 2002 goes, as follows: A science park is an organization managed
by specialized professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its
community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness
of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Mostly, they are settled close to the technical universities (more then 50%),
and in urban area (cacao. 66%). Definition of “cie ce park is pretty fuzzy ,
and there are also many other synonyms like technology park ,
tech opole , tech opolis or research park .
The main mission of Science Parks to stimulate and manage the flow of
knowledge and technology amongst universities, R&D institutions,
companies and markets; it facilitates the creation and growth of innovationbased companies through incubation and spin-off processes; and provides
other value-added services together with high quality space and
facilities.(UNESCO concept)
The science/technology parks integrate the following interactions between
knowledge based institutions and private sector (by GTZ, 2006., figure 6.6):
1. Education and
Training
- Academic programmes
- Cooperation in graduate education
- Vocational training for employees
- Continuing education
- User-oriented programs
- In-house training programs
2.Services and
consultings
- Industrial extension services
- Technology brokerage/licensing
- Consulting/services
- Coordination of technology issues
- Routine technical services
- Research based industrial consultancy
3. Applied
Research
- Collaborative research
- Contract research and technology
consulting
- Personnel mobility
- Start-up of technology-oriented
enterprises by researchers in science
- University - enterprise networking.
Figure 6.6. Activities within Science park
Above mentioned actions represent the real needs of private sector.
Education and trainings are important to increase the technical knowledge
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
for engineers, and organizational for managers. Services & consulting are
useful to solve some practical problem in private companies, usually for a
certain short time and no time for education on internal human resources.
And last, but not least, applied research provides the concrete new
innovative solutions in design, processing and organization. Applied
research has to be market-oriented with more competitive products and/or
services.
Usually in developed countries among 3 actions, it is expected, the applied
research is ought to be the most important. But in developing countries, the
applied research is much less developed, because the private sector as R&D
market is weak. So, focus is much more on training and consulting aimed to
small and medium companies as subcontractors to big companies.
Consequently, the developing of science parks and type of services are in
relation to the type of business environment, industry capacity in vicinity,
and development level of one country in general.
In Banja Luka in 2010, it has been started with the development of
Technology Park Banja Luka. In period 2010-2011., the feasibility study and
spatial planning documentation have been prepared. During 2011., the
ownership of land, infrastructure and current buildings will be solved for
the sake of municipality Banja Luka and entity Republic of Srpska, as mixed
public capital.
It co prises about
ha, a d located i area Ra ici . This area is
intended for the construction of a technological park, complementary with
industrial zone (90% of surface area) and facilities of entrepreneurial
infrastructure (incubators, technology-innovation centre and logistics
centre).
Technology Park Banja Luka will have tight collaboration with University
Banja Luka. University Banja Luka will be important partner in establishing
the capacity for applied R&D through technology-innovation centers
according to the needs of enterprises in region Banja Luka and wider.
Complete Technology Business Park Banja Luka should have the following
services:
1. Technological development centre (2 ha) is dedicated to business and
applied marketable R&D capacities, and it includes:
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Establishment of new companies,
Transfer of technology and intellectual property,
Commercialization of technology,
Institutes, certification and university laboratories,
Knowledge management,
International networking,
Successful professional training centers,
High-tech industry.
2. Business zones within the technological business park consist of the
following parts:
Commercial part of the zone for the sale of the space area,
Incentive part for the sale under favorable conditions for
propulsive SMEs,
Free customs zone.
3. General-purpose production business incubator for the incubation of
SMEs for the period between 3 and 5 years with favorable use of services of
not only the incubator but also the entire TBP.
4. Centre for Small Business for the support to the development of crafts
and handicraft will do market research, identify buyers, pack, advertise and
do a number of other activities with the support of technological
development centre.
5. Logistic centre is a set of services necessary for the completion of the
entrepreneurial infrastructure of the Park and its functioning. The Centre
includes:
Technological Business Park management – administrative building
with a congress centre,
Fairground,
Multipurpose building for renting to service trade,
Truck terminals with customs, warehouse and other services.
In the following 2 years (till 2013.), it should be established and operative
for new business tenants.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
6.6. Technology transfer centre
In global arket, the tech ology tra sfer has the key role to keep o e’s
competitiveness. EU puts the technology transfer and innovation on the
highest level of priority for its development. There are numerous projects
and EU granting schemes with support to technology transfer development
policy. Among them, very interesting EU-CIP Program supported project, is
Technology-market.eu, with aim to facilitate technology transfer between
R&D providers and demanding companies: www.technology-market.eu .
To clarify the issue of technology transfer, it was shown on figure 7, the
value chain and interactions between 3 key processes: R&D, Marketing and
Financing.
1. Applied
R&D
Idea
Technology
Feasibility
Design &
Prototyping
RESEARCH
Product,
Process,
Development
Initial
Manufacturing
DEVELOPMENT
HIGH
PERFORMANCE and/or
QUALITY
PRODUCT
Market Needs
Checking!!!
2. Marketing
Market
Research
Proforma
Business
Plan
FEASIBILITY
3. Financing
Seed Capital
Funds
Application
checking
Marketing
Strategy
Business Plan
COMMERCIAL
IZATION,
PROMOTION
& BRANDING
MARKET & BUSINESS PLANNING
Investment
Banks
Joint Venture
Funds
PROFIT OF ALL
PROJECT
PARTICIPANTS
Investment Capital
MARKET
Governmental Incentive Funds, EU Granting Schemes
Private Investment
Figure 6.7. Key processes and value chain in technology transfer
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
The figure 6.7 shows, the technology transfer means an entrepreneurial
and innovative conversion from idea to new concurrent technology/product
with high performance/quality.
First level of interactions is between research and feasibility checking
phase. These activities are interlinked, and it is first critical gap for
technology transfer chain. R&D has to be applied and checked by market
research in order to analyze real market needs or checking of technology
capacity to proactively produce new market need. According to the
complexity of research, in some cases it is necessary to provide seed capital.
After market research, in parallel way, there is a stage of technology
feasibility checking and at the same time, it is made the rough appraisal and
simplified cost-benefit analysis. If, the result of this stage is positive answer
on technology feasibility and projected profitability, the next step is a
technology/product development and market & business planning.
Development phase of technology/product has the following outputs:
tested prototype and/or initial manufacturing. It requires much more
investment then first stage, so financial support is very important and
second critical gap. Also, according to the type of technology, it requires the
development for many years (like in pharmacy).
Consequently, it is crucial to provide joint venture capital or interests of big
companies to make subcontracting agreements. In the meanwhile, it is
useful to join in EU granting schemes based on technology platforms.
Very important role in above mentioned processes has university and its
support to innovative projects Based on technology transfer. The
fundamental role has the technology transfer centers located within
universities.
Technology transfer centers (TTC) are the places where applied R&D is
supported to find the way to regional and/or global market.
The objectives of common technology transfer center are, as follows:
1. to transfer technology and research industry and SMEs, and to
initiate funding for cooperative R&D projects
2. to attract, assist, protect and manage intellectual property
emanated from TTC,
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
3. to create links with local industry by stimulation to innovation and
technology development in TTC
4. to license intellectual property rights to industry
Numerous universities have Technology Transfer Centers (abb. TTC). They
have various practices; some of them include also business incubators for
excellent innovative projects, which have high potential to be
commercialized by technology transfer.
Still in RS and Bosnia, TTC are not developed, but there are some pilot
projects in preparation like Innovative Center Banja Luka and University
Entrepreneurship Center. The major challenge is to make entrepreneurial
environment at universities. There is an effort to promote it to both state
universities and key ministries as Ministry of Science and Technology and
Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining.
6.7. Academic spin-offs
In contemporary global market, the universities are going to be very
important actors in economic development and propellant factors in
creation of entrepreneurial society.
During all period of high education and all ranking levels, it is necessary to
develop entrepreneurial and innovative way of thinking among students,
but also professors and assistants.
Through education and applied research, many innovative ideas are
initiated but just a few of them start-up new businesses, which are based
o the knowledge economy . Ma y factors are influenced on it and it is
important to understand them, corrects the development policies, and
adapts the management approach at universities. In the following picture it
ca be see , the critical factors critical ass for sparki g e successful
start-up business, called spin-offs.
One can see from figure 6.8, the first factor at university is supportive topmanagement, but also complete positive approach to entrepreneurship in
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Supportive environment at university
Research excellence of individuals
SU
SP CCE
IN SS
-O FU
FF L
S
university. That is why; the top management at university has got specially
emphasized role to create such kind of environment.
Then, the second critical factor is scientific one. It depends on individual
personality, its research and innovative capacity. With good, creative
laboratory and experimental work it can be improved. Third factor is
entrepreneurial nature of individuals as potential spin-off creator. The
entrepreneurship is linked with personality, but also many of researchers
do not know about their hidden potentials. So, from the very beginning of
high education, the students should be gradually educated about
importance of entrepreneurship development for both a person and all
society. “o, o last t o factors, the u iversity i flue ces ith soft lo gter support .
Entrepreneurial excellence of individuals
Laboratory infrastructure and equipment at university
Business incubation infrastructure and consulting services
Governmental incentives and EU granting schemes
Figure 6.8. Critical factors for starting academic spin-offs
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Ne t factors are ore ta gible . It is crucial to have good e uip e t a d
capability to perform applied research with high tech equipment, but it is
not regular rule. However, in some cases, the innovations might be not
expensive and high demanded for expensive equipment. Mostly, it is useful
to have good equipment for design, prototyping, virtual and real simulation,
but also for testing and measure a performance of new products or new
technologies.
After preconditions for efficient applied research, the next factor is efficient
process of business pre-incubation and incubation. Pre-incubation support
helps the potential spin-offs to check their ideas, which is related to the
market research and checking of market needs, but also to preliminary
make rough cost-benefit analysis. Also, it should be evaluated the level
investment demands for the development stage (design, prototyping,
simulation and testing). Through various grant schemes it is possible to
provide significant financial support for this stage, what is difficult to be
assisted by private or joint venture investment.
In this stage, also the consulting service from business incubator office can
be very important, because management skills of researchers are not
developed, or just they are much more focused on R&D activities. So, they
need such kind of management support jobs, like accounting, matchmaking
with new partners or clients, but also preparation of market analysis and
market strategy.
So, beside concrete working space with discounted fee, in business
incubator at university should have soft support based on consulting and
trainings on management and organizational skills, accounting, etc.
6.8. Joint participation in FP7 and other EU projects
Available evidence indicates that FP7 and other EU projects have made an
important contribution to the development of partnership synergy between
universities and enterprises.
We would like to suggest a very important concept of university –
enterprise synergy is collaborative research, mobility and networking
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
through FP7, REGPOT, INCO, TEMPUS, IPA, and EUREKA projects. The
primary objectives of enterprises to cooperate with universities, within
these projects, include:
Higher education and development strategies concerning education;
Research and technological development;
R&D cost sharing;
New knowledge creation;
Techno-economic convergence of B&H universities to EU regions;
Developing or improving new or existing processes and also
sophisticated equipment at universities or Research Institute (as
well CFPs) purchased through above-mentioned EU projects.
A great number of programs under the framework programs of European
Union support cooperative R&D between universities, enterprises, and
other research institutes across Europe.
Most of EUs leading companies participate in EUREKA, IPA, INCO, REGPOT
projects, developing generic technologies of key importance to European
competitiveness.
This DePSME-VENet project can be very good basis to initiate preparing
these proposals and building successful partnerships consortia between
universities and enterprises/SMEs.
6.9. Vocational Training & Education Programs
Vocational Training and Education Programs (VT&EP) are great ways to gain
new education & skills as to find a new job. These education programs have
been directly developed by the Project experts and specialized trainers, and
they are suitable for technical education systems but also for SMEs
engineers [14].
To strengthen B&H economy, it is necessary to make better products which
are recognizable at the market and to ensure better production processes.
Multinational companies in B&H are silent, and right now SMEs exist at the
regional market which are not practically capable to turn to science in the
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
course of product development. For that reason, it is necessary to establish
connections between universities and enterprises. It is well known in actual
global trends that transition and developing countries, such as B&H, can not
achieve successful reforms in economy with lower labour-costs and natural
resources only.
Their reforms must be focused on the strengthening of knowledge
competitiveness, better use of high-educated human resources, promotion
of innovation & technology transfer policies and more initiatives in the
innovative SMEs. A small number of engineers from these companies
contact and consult departments at universities, nor students have enough
practice in the companies, this being a problem for both sides. In
accordance with the idea of development of partnerships between
Universities and enterprises, the Department for Metal Forming Technology
at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Banja Luka together with the
Institute for Metal Forming Technology Stuttgart is trying to develop
cooperation with enterprises in B&H.
The Department for Metal Forming Technology owns equipment for
laboratory analysis of forming processes and relevant softwares for design
of products, tools and processes and their optimization adapted according
to specific enterprise needs, selection of materials for new products,
reducing lead times and reducing time-to market costs. Information
exchange, trust and partnership between the university and companies are
among the highest priorities iof this project.
Synergy and networking between HE institutions can contribute to better
and competent use of all of their resources (human resources, laboratories,
equipment, etc.) for practical research and better partnership with B&H
SMEs, reducing the above-mentioned problems.
In order to meet the needs identified by benchmarking, vocational trainings
and education programs which are targeted for enterprise staff, students
and graduates (for all CFPs) have been developed as follows:
Vocational Education & Training Programs;
Motivational seminars;
Workshops;
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Handbooks, Manuals and Brochures for Education and Vocational
Trainings;
Basic Knowledge of the Finite Element Method;
Innovation Partnership Programs;
E- Learning;
Lifelong Learning policy;
3D Printing Technology Education Programs;
3D Scanning Technology Education Programs;
Possibilities of Open Source & LINUX;
Customer Support by CFPs.
In order to determine the VT & EPs aims, Project Management Group (PMG
– contact persons representing project partners) have had consultations
with deputies of the Ministery of Education and Culture of the Republic of
Srpska and Ministry of Science and Technology of the RS. It is necessary to
mention that Ministers gave their own contribution through promotion of a
national policy for higer education system in RS and B&H.
6.10. Practical placement program (PPP) for students in industry
The Practical placement program (PPP) defines rights and obligations for all
partners participating in the program, students and institutions/companies
in realization of all administrative and organizational activities.
Practical place e t takes place u der CFPs chiefs’ e torship a d refers to
the specific work tasks. Developed PPP model clearly defines all steps which
students and institutions/companies, where practical placement will take
place, need to take [16]. These imply that:
Interested students must fill an Application Form;
The Application Form is submitted to the academic coordinator for
practical placement;
Accordi g to the stude t’s liki g, the academic coordinator selects in
which institution/company practical placement will take place.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
Prior to the completion of the Application Form, the student should get
necessary information regarding realization of the PPP.
The PPP should enable the following:
Stimulation of human resources development in SMEs;
Possibility for students and young graduates to acquire knowledge and
get employed;
Knowledge and technology transfer among partner participants;
Practical placement mobility;
Technology transfer among universities as an effective network of
cooperation;
New national and international practical placement exchange projects.
A number of benefits for students can be identified within tasks of the PPP
and benefits and good effects received by the institutions/companies that
accept students. Benefits are very important for institutions/companies
because employers can choose quality young professional staff.
When it comes to practice in international institutions/companies, benefits
are also significant.
Universities that send their students and graduates for practical placement
in institutions/companies also benefit significantly.
In terms of international practice, the B&H universities gain the most.
6.11. Industrial fellowship program (IFP) for graduates and/or
Employees from enterprise
The major task of the Industrial Fellowship Program (IFP) is to exchange
expertise, knowledge and experience for establishing sustainable
partnerships in fellowship programs for graduates, M.Sc. and PhD students,
engineers and other industrial fellows between universities and enterprises.
IFP fellows are indeed expected to promote research under the direction of
their academic mentor and in collaboration with their sponsoring enterprise
[15].
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
The IFP is one of the proposed efficient measures, within a new
partnership concept of university-enterprise synergy for establishing
sustainable partnerships among key players in the collaboration between
universities, enterprises and graduates, leading to mutual benefits.
Enterprises and SMEs benefit from highly qualified graduates or
employed engineers, as industrial fellows, who usually spend three
months to one year at a University research centre for professional
development participating in specific research projects targeted to industry
needs and company business. The IFP is covered by the a sponsoring
enterprise or by a group of industry sponsors and supporting organizations:
municipal public service, Ministries, innovation funds and other financial
facilitators according to the university guidelines. The main tasks for the IFP
will be:
To transfer academic knowledge to industry;
To develop innovative solutions to meet industrial and community
challenges;
Industrial Postgraduate Scholarships for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students;
Industrial R&D Fellowship for postdoctoral-level researchers;
To establish and support research projects in strategic industrial
sectors;
To encourage creation of R&D jobs in industry;
To make B&H host’s problems and applications interesting and
relevant for future research and cooperation between MinistryAcademy-Enterprise.
Therefore, in order to have benefits for both sides, that is, universities and
the industry, the IFP should focus on B&H industrial sectors. In the IFP
framework, graduates, M.Sc. and PhD students, engineers and other
industrial fellows will receive significant benefits. Development of synergy
between the hosting B&H academic/research institutions and industry will
give great be efits for i stitutio s: teachers’ a d graduate stude ts’
involvement in research and development of enterprises has, on the one
hand, been helpful to their study and research through practical work and,
on the other hand, helped settle key technical issues for enterprises.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
6.12. University - enterprise collaboration through newly
established centers: Cooperative Focal Points
Cooperation between B&H universities and industry is not at the acceptable
level. University staffs continuously work at the research projects, but their
results did not always transferred to the end user (B&H industry) at the
right way, while industry experts does not have insight in the possibilities of
the university departments and laboratories. Project experts have noticed
that the best solution for solving of this problem is establishment of
Cooperative Focal Points at the five B&H universities which would serve as a
connection bridge between universities and industry (mostly SMEs). Main
activities of the newly established CFPs are:
Technical expertise, research and innovation by the CFPs staff for
industry;
Technological knowledge transfer from university to industry;
Promotion and development of new skills (especially IT) useful for
the industry;
Establishment and support for the development projects in strategic
industrial sectors;
Encouragement of R&D jobs in industry;
Education of teachers, students and engineers with the advanced
technologies of Virtual Engineering;
Improvement of knowledge for interested groups by Engineering
Design and Optimization of new products and processes.
University Cooperative Focal Points (CFPs) are also main centers for
implementation of the Industrial Fellowship Programs and Vocational
Training and Education Programs.
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New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
7. RECOMMENDATION
According to analysis that was done by project partners within the DeSMEVENet project, here are given some recommendations for universityindustry cooperation and a new partnership concept. It is necessary to
mention that new partnership concept need to be based on strictly market
driven synergy between universities and institutes on one side and
enterprises on the other side. They need to develop tighter partnership
which would help B&H companies to find their remarkable place at the
global marker.
One important thing in the world is that the big companies have tendencies
to replace their production capacities in the other global area, especially in
the area with cheap labour. It is well known that B&H have cheap labour,
and there could be found a chance for local enterprises. For this purpose
local politicians need to prepare a safe environment and give a support for
big companies which want to invest or dislocate a part of their production
in B&H.
For enterprises that exists in B&H at this moment, and trying to be
competitive, it is necessary to identificate a product with a high capacity for
commercialization. Because of that the local enterprises does not have
resources for design of the products and optimal production processes,
same would be done at the universities (for metal sector enterprises, design
of products and production processes would be done at the Cooperative
Focal Points (CFP) which were established within DePSME-VENet project).
Also, CFPs will be able to provide appropriate prototype which would serve
as a model for presentation and testing until early acceptance for
productions. However, above mentioned activities need to be supported by
local Government.
University staff (teachers, researchers and students) and enterprise
engineers after finding a remarkable product should join hands and to exert
themselves at the all activities till the commercialization.
It is necessary to mention that in all CFPs, R&D activities are going to be
included students, which on that way are going to help themselves to find a
87
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
job easier and became more competitive at the labour market after
finishing a faculty.
We would like to give specific recommendations for tighter cooperation
between universities (especially CFPs) and enterprises:
To create sustainable links between R&D institutions and
enterprises;
R&D institutions need to continuously transfer knowledge and
research results to enterprises;
To improve cooperation with EU universities and companies;
Commonly work at the development or improvement of new or
existing products or production processes, and also at the
preparation of EU projects;
Fully engage students in the all jointly activities;
To develop of collaborative culture between university and
enterprise, through clustering and regional development based on
knowledge;
To provide full Virtual Engineering support to B&H
enterprises/SMEs, including education and training for students and
engineering fellows;
Joint actions for promotion of tool making industry on foreign
markets;
Joint participation in FP7 and other EU projects;
To create sustainable science and technology parks;
Commonly work at the practical placement program (PPP) for
students in industry;
Commonly work at the industrial fellowship program (IFP) for
graduates and employees from enterprise;
Support about lifelong learning aims for enterprise technical staff;
At the end, the role of the "knowledge based partnership" between
university - enterprise is very important in multiple directions about
partnership synergy by way higher education, advanced research and
technological innovation.
88
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
8. REFERENCES
[1] Te pus project: Develop e t of Part ership ith “MEs i B&H by
Virtual E gi eeri g Net ork , No.:
-TEMPUS-1-DE-SMEHES.
[2] Bosnia and Herzegovina 2009 Progress Report, Commission Staff
Working Document, Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges
2009-2010, COM (2009) 533.
[3] Bologna Process, National Report for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 20072009.
[4] Industrial R&D Fellowships Application Guide, www.sresearchnl.com.
[5] Bonn Declaration on university-enterprise cooperation in the context
of Life-Long Learning.
[6] University-Enterprise Cooperation: Building new challenges on past
experience; Socrates Project Accompanying Measure project
No130023-AM-06-EMC.
[7] EUE-Net Guidelines for Practical Placements of Students: Life Long
Learning Programme, 134546-LLP-1-2007-1-RO-ERASMUS-ENW.
[8] A new partnership for the modernization of universities: the EU
Forum for University Business Dialogue, COM(2009) 158 final.
[9] Industrial Fellowship Programme: WBC Virtual Manufacturing
Network –Fostering and Integration of the Knowledge Triangle,
TEMPUS project No. 144684-TEMPUS-2008-RS-JPHES.
[10] University of Ballarrat: Learn to succeed; Practical Placements
Guidelines (VET&VCAL Programs).
[11] European Commission Directorate-General Education and Culture:
Linking the work and education through Tempus.
[12] Technologies developed by universities: An opportunity for SMEs,
Wisanu Subsompon, Special Report, Tech Monitor, 2009.
[13] Laying foundations for the innovation support network in B&H, Lana
Hopkinson, 2011, Sarajevo, Workshop, FIRMA Project.
[14] DePSME-VENet Project: Vocational Training & Education Programs –
VT&EP.
[15] DePSME-VENet Project: Industrial Fellowship Program – IFP.
89
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
[16] DePSME-VENet Project: Practical Placement Program – PPP.
[17] The changing role of technology and knowledge transfer and the
new for institutional change, Thomas Andersson, Tech Monitor,
2009.
[18] Tech ical Report Creati g a I ovative Europe , Aho E pert
Group, 2006, Finland.
[19] Challenges for EU support to innovation in services – Fostering new
markets and jobs through innovation, European Commission
Working Document, ProINNO Europe, 2009.
[20] The concept of clusters and cluster policies and their role for
competitiveness and innovation, European Commission Working
Document, Europa INNOVA, 2008.
[21] Europe 2020 – Flagship Initiative Innovation Union, European
Commission Working Document, 2010.
[22] http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education culture
90
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
9. ANNEXES
91
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
CFP Banja Luka in pictures:
9.1. CFP Banja Luka
The Center for Virtual Technology within the
Cooperative Focal Point – CFP Banja Luka was
established on 25 February 2011, No. 7-10/11 by
the Department and Laboratory for Metal Forming
Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Banja Luka Act as a Laboratory
organizational unit. Based on the establishment
act, CFP Banja Luka has defined its vision, mission
and operational objectives. The CFP Banja Luka is
situated in the Laboratory for Metal Forming
Technology at the Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, Banja Luka. The head of CFP Banja
Luka is Dr. Milan Sljivic, professor at the Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Banja Luka.
The main activities of CFP Banja Luka are focused
on the following:
Education of teacher and students with the
Advanced Technology of Virtal Engineering
(CAD/CAM/CAE,
RE/RP/RT,
FE/FV
simulation, VR) support.
To improve the knowleddge by Engineering
Design,
Solid Modeling, Reverse
Engineering,
Rapid
Prototyping,
FE
simulation, Optimization of new products
and processes.
Development of new partnership concept
of university – enterprise/SMEs synergy.
Development and implementation of
Vocational Trainings, Seminars and
Workshops.
Development and implementation of
Student practice – Practical Placement
Programme - PPP, Industrial/Engineering
Fellowship
Programme
–
IFP/EFP),
Programme of E-learning and Life Long
Learning – LLL.
Participation in international projects.
Promotional and marketing activities with
Quality control of trainings and services,
PPP, EFP and LLL programs.
CFP Banja Luka is going to be equiped with:
Rapid Ptototyping Machine – 3D Printing,
3D Scaner,...
Softwares: Linux–Open Source, CATIA,
Autodesk Inventor, Matlab etc.
92
Contact: Prof. Dr Mila Šljivić
Coordinator of CFP Banja Luka
“. “tepa ovića ,
Banja Luka
Tel. +387 51 462 400,
Fax.+387 51 465 085
E-mail: milansli@yahoo.com
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
9.2. CFP East Sarajevo
The Center for Virtual Technology within the Cooperative Focal Point – CFP East Sarajevo
was established on 5 May 2011, No. 130-02/2011 by the Senate of the Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of East Sarajevo and with the approval of the Dean of
the Faculty.
CFP East Sarajevo is situated at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of East
Sarajevo.
Head of CFP East “arajevo is Dr. Duša Golubović, Professor at the Faculty of Mecha ical
Engineering of University East Sarajevo.
The main activities of CFP East Sarajevo are:
Education of teacher and students with the Advanced Technology of Virtal
Engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE, RE/RP/RT, FE/FV simulation, VR) support.
Development of new partnership concept of university – enterprise/SMEs synergy.
Development and implementation of Vocational Trainings, Seminars and Workshops.
Development and implementation of Student practice – Practical Placement
Programme - PPP, Industrial/Engineering Fellowship Programme – IFP/EFP),
Programme of E-learning and Life Long Learning – LLL.
Participation in international projects.
Promotional and marketing activities with Quality control of trainings and services,
PPP, EFP and LLL programs.
CFP East Sarajevo is equiped with 5 PCs , Print/Copy/Fax/Scanner, projector and softwares:
Open Source & Linux, OCTAVE, and Autodesk Inventor etc.
CFP East Sarajevo in pictures:
Contact:
Prof. Dr Duša Golu ovi
Coordinator of CFP East Sarajevo
Vuka Karadžića ,
East “arajevo
www.maf.unssa.rs.ba
Tel. +387 57 340 847, Fax. +387 57 320 841
E-mail: masinski.fakultet@maf.unssa.rs.ba
93
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
9.3. CFP Doboj
The Center for Virtual Technology within the Cooperative Focal Point – CFP Doboj was
established on 14 March 2011, No. 46-5/11 by the act of establishing the CFP at the Faculty
of Traffic and Transport Engineering Doboj, University of East Sarajevo and with the
approval of the Dean of the Faculty.
CFP Doboj is situated in the Faculty of Traffic and Transport Engineering, Doboj.
The Head of the CFP Doboj is Dr. Perica Gojkovic, professor at the Faculty of Traffic and
Transport Engineering, Doboj.
The main goals of CFP Doboj are:
Education of teacher and students with the Advanced Technology of Virtal
Engineering for Traffic and Transport Engineering support.
Development of new partnership concept of university – enterprise/SMEs
synergy.
Development and implementation of Vocational Trainings, Seminars and
Workshops.
Development and implementation of Student practice – Practical Placement
Programme - PPP, Industrial/Engineering Fellowship Programme – IFP/EFP,
Programme of E-learning and Life Long Learning – LLL.
Participation in international projects.
Promotional and marketing activities with Quality control of trainings and
services, PPP, EFP and LLL programs.
CFP Doboj is equiped with 5 PCs , Print/Copy/Fax/Scanner, projector and softwares: Open
Source & Linux, Matlab & Simulink, and Autodesk Inventor etc.
CFP Doboj in pictures:
Contact:
Prof. Dr Perica Gojkovic, Coordinator of CFP Doboj,
Faculty of Traffic and Transport Engineering, University of East sarajevo
Vojvode Mišića ,
Doboj
Tel./Fax +387 53 205 900, www.stfdoboj.net
E-mail: saob.fak@teol.net
94
New partnership concept of university - enterprise synergy in B&H
9.4. CFP Mostar
The Center for Virtual Technology within the
Cooperative Focal Point – CFP Mostar was
established o
March
at the Dze al
dijedic U iversity, Faculty of Mecha ical
Engineering,
Institute
of
Mechanical
Engineering Mostar. The Head of CFP Mostar
is Dr. Sead Pasic, professor at the Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering in Mostar.
The main activities of CFP Mostar are:
Education of teacher and students with
the Advanced Technology of Virtal
Engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE, RE/RP/RT,
FE/FV simulation, VR) support.
Development of new partnership
concept of university – enterprise/SMEs
synergy.
Development and implementation of
Vocational Trainings, Seminars and
Workshops.
Development and implementation of
Student practice – Practical Placement
Programme - PPP, Industrial/Engineering
Fellowship Programme – IFP/EFP),
Programme of E-learning and Life Long
Learning – LLL.
Participation in international projects.
Promotional and marketing activities
with Quality control of trainings and
services, PPP, EFP and LLL programs.
CFP Mostar is equiped with 5 PCs,
Print/Copy/Fax/Scanner, and softwares: Open
Source & Linux, Octave, and Autodesk
Inventor etc.
CFP Mostar in pictures:
95
Contact:
Prof. Dr. “ead Pašić, Coordinator of
CFP Mostar
U iversity of "Dže al dijedić" Mostar
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Institute for Mechanical Engineering
Univerzitetski Kampus, 88104,
Mostar, B & H
Tel.: +387 36 571 258,
Fax: +387 36 571 258
E-mail: mf@unmo.ba
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