Process Control Teaching on Laboratory Plant Supported by Intelligent Tutoring System

The issue of control structure selection, where the control system designer must make decisions as to what variables need to be controlled and the corresponding manipulated variables, is usually treated in a very perfunctory manner in courses on control theory. In practical chemical process operation, it is this choice of the control structure t h a t turns out to be crucial towards effective disturbance rejection and maximizing process profitability. Given the large number of control degrees-of-freedom even for the simplest of chemical processes with material/energy recycle, how does one systematically design an effective plant-wide control system? This course addresses the same using an engineering common sense approach. Essential process control theory fundamentals are very briefly covered followed b y control structure design for common unit operations such as reactors, distillation columns, heat exchangers and miscellaneous operations (furnaces, refrigeration systems etc). Issues in plantwide control such as proper inventory management and effect of material/energy recycle are then highlighted followed by comprehensive plant-wide control system design case-studies on example processes. Control structure design considerations for maximizing plant profitability are explicitly covered. Based on the case-studies, a systematic plant-wide control system design procedure is developed and demonstrated on example processes. The course broadly covers process control as practiced in the process industry and prepares the ChE student for a career in process operations. Practicing engineers will also find the material useful for improving the efficiency and profitability of their processes.

Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 1998

Chemical engineering transactions, 2019

Open loop dynamic testing and closed loop automatic control have been devised, implemented and quantitatively evaluated on a portable laboratory workstation, with the aim of serving Chemical and Process Engineering students with practical training. A basic case study was conceived on level control. Classical evaluations, both qualitative and quantitative, were carried out on the dynamic response experimentally obtained on the workstation, either at open or closed loop, including the quality of the feedback action by means of the controller performance indexes (e.g., IAE; ISE; ITAE; ITSE).Although conceptually simple, the experimental activities turned out a rather demanding task in terms of time, data elaboration and interpretation work, but they provided a continuous beneficial interaction between the lecturer and the student. The developed technique, the tests with the workstation and the encouraging results obtained so far promise to be a very useful educational tool for undergra...

Objective: The activity aims to understand the basic concepts of process dynamics and control. 2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs): The students shall be able to: 1. Determine the input and output in the different chemical processes. 2. Provide instrumentation requirements for a chemical process. 3. Identify the different process variables in a chemical process. 4. Specifiy the controlled variables (CVs), manipulated variables (MVs) and disturbance variables (DVs) from the different chemical processes. 3. Discussion: Most chemical processing plants were run essentially manually prior to the 1940s. Only the most elementary types of controllers were used. Many operators were needed to keep watch on the many variables in the plant. Large tanks were employed to act as buffers or surge capacities between various units in the plant. These tanks, although sometimes quite expensive, served the function of filtering out some of the dynamic disturbances by isolating one part of the process from upsets occurring in another part. With increasing labor and equipment costs and with the development of more severe, higher-capacity, higher-performance equipment and processes in the 1940s and early 195Os, it became uneconomical and often impossible to run plants without automatic control devices. At this stage feedback controllers were added to the plants with little real consideration of or appreciation for the dynamics of the process itself. Rule-of-thumb guides and experience were the only design techniques. In the 1960s chemical engineers began to apply dynamic analysis and control theory to chemical engineering processes. Most of the techniques were adapted from the work in the aerospace and electrical engineering fields. In addition to designing better control systems, processes and plants were developed or modified so that they were easier to control. The concept of examining the many parts of a complex plant together as a single unit, with all the interactions included, and devising ways to control the entire plant is called systems engineering. The current popular " buzz " words artificial intelligence and expert systems are being applied to these types of studies. The rapid rise in energy prices in the 1970s provided additional needs for effective control systems. The design and redesign of many plants to reduce energy consumption resulted in more complex, integrated plants that were much more interacting. So the challenges to the process control engineer have continued to grow over the years. This makes the study of dynamics and control even more vital in the chemical engineering curriculum than it was 30 years ago.

1993

Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 2024

Introduction: It is a fact that the pedagogical advancements in professional healthcare education have not resulted in better quality of care. However, healthcare work as a source for a preceptor's education and awareness as an educator-healthcare provider rises as a path to follow. Design: Based on the involvement in daily work activities, a preceptor offers teaching opportunities; plans, controls and guides the process; stimulates the student's reasoning and active attitude; performs technical procedures; moderates case discussions; observes, assesses a student performing their activities and analyzes their performance; advises and supervises a student's professional and personal growth; collaborates in the identification of ethical problems and their possible solutions; and sets limits and creates possibilities for the use of artificial intelligence. Conclusion: A preceptor-a clinical teacher-turns the work environment into appropriate educational moments to provide better healthcare to the population.

Trends in Classics, 2024

Sources provide conflicting accounts of the role of Socrates during the trial of the generals after the Battle of Arginusae: in Plato's Apology and Xenophon's Hellenica he is presented as the only πρύτανις that opposed the will of the crowd to judge the generals in a single vote. In the Gorgias and Xenophon's Memorabilia he is elevated to the status of chairman. This paper revisits the possible interconnections among the sources and reexamines the suggestion that Xenophon's version in the Memorabilia is influenced by Plato's Gorgias, while also considering Diodorus Siculus' narrative of these same events. It is argued that Xenophon's agenda at Hellenica 1.7.1-16 is driven by the political aim of highlighting the deficiencies of Athenian democracy, whereas similarities between Plato's Apology and Euryptolemus' speech at Hellenica 1.7.16-35 encourage the inference that the latter text should be viewed against the backdrop of Socratic literature. The conclusion reached is that Socrates cannot have served as chairman and that the performance of his civic duties may not have been of such overriding importance as might initially appear.

Doreen Virtue - Medicina cu ingeri

Doreen Virtue - Medicina cu ingeri

תולדות רבי אהרן ב"ר יצחק לפפא. נדפס כמבוא לספר שו"ת בני אהרן, הוצאת זכרון אהרן, ירושלים תשפ"ד, חלק שני, עמ' 1-87