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PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query
James MyersThis document specifies how to use standard Web protocols, including HTTP, to obtain information about the provenance of Web resources. We describe both simple access mechanisms for locating provenance information associated with web pages or resources, and provenance query services for more complex deployments. This is part of the larger W3C Prov provenance framework.
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An Overview on
PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query
Editors:
Graham Klyne
Paul Groth
Authors:
Luc Moreau
Olaf Hartig
Yogesh Simmhan
James Myers
Timothy Lebo
Khalid Belhajjame
Simon Miles
Presentation at the Dagstuhl Seminar on Principles of Provenance
February 29, 2012
Purpose
Describes how to
locate,
retrieve, and
query
provenance information
Guiding principle:
Do not reinvent the wheel
Use standard Web protocols
An Overview on PROV-AQ
2
Main Contributions
Simple mechanisms for
discovery and retrieval
More advanced
discovery service and
query mechanisms
An Overview on PROV-AQ
3
Outline
Key Concepts
Simple Mechanisms
Provenance Services
Querying Provenance Information
Open Issues
An Overview on PROV-AQ
4
Key Concepts
Resource*
Entity
Provenance information
Provenance URI
Entity URI
*
Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One, W3C Rec.
An Overview on PROV-AQ
5
Questions to be Addressed
What is the provenance URI for provenance
information about a particular entity?
What is the relevant entity URI used in some
provenance information?
What if there is no provenance URI?
What if there is no entity URI?
Out of scope:
Representation of provenance information
Management of provenance information
An Overview on PROV-AQ
6
Outline
Key Concepts
Simple Mechanisms
Provenance Services
Querying Provenance Information
Open Issues
An Overview on PROV-AQ
7
Entity URI and Provenance URI ...
… for resources accessed by HTTP
Link header field* in the HTTP response
GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Accept: text/html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT
Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT
Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X"
Content-Length: 18556
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />
<!-- page-specific style definitions -->
*
<style type="text/css">
defined in RFC 5988
An Overview on PROV-AQ
8
Entity URI and Provenance URI ...
… for resources accessed by HTTP
Link header field* in the HTTP response
GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Accept: text/html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT
Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT
Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X"
Content-Length: 18556
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPEhttp://example.org/prov/aboutX;
html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Link:
rel="provenance";
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> anchor="http://example.org/X"
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />
<!-- page-specific style definitions -->
*
<style type="text/css">
defined in RFC 5988
An Overview on PROV-AQ
9
Entity URI and Provenance URI ...
… for resources accessed by HTTP
Link header field* in the HTTP response
GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Accept: text/html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT
Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT
Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X"
Content-Length: 18556
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPEhttp://example.org/prov/aboutX;
html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Link:
rel="provenance";
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> anchor="http://example.org/X"
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" />
<!-- page-specific style definitions -->
*
<style type="text/css">
Provenance URI
Entity URI
(optional)
An Overview on PROV-AQ
defined in RFC 5988
10
Embedding Provenance Links ...
… in representations of resources.
Proposal for particular representation formats:
HTML
RDF based (e.g. RDF/XML, Turtle, RDFa)
Common mechanism for arbitrary
representations is out of scope
An Overview on PROV-AQ
11
Outline
Key Concepts
Simple Mechanisms
Provenance Services
Querying Provenance Information
Open Issues
An Overview on PROV-AQ
12
Functionality
Provenance retrieval service
Input: entity URI
Output: provenance information
Provenance discovery service
Input: entity URI
Output: provenance URI(s)
Provided via a REST API
An Overview on PROV-AQ
13
Service Discovery
Simple mechanism
… for resources accessed by HTTP:
Link: Service-URI; rel="provenance-service";
anchor="Entity-URI"
However, a general approach is out of scope
An Overview on PROV-AQ
14
Resources in the REST API
1. Service description resource
Accessible by dereferencing the Service-URI
How to construct URIs for other two resource types
2. Provenance information resource
Provides provenance information
Represented in any format (e.g. RDF based, XML)
3. Provenance locations resource
An Overview on PROV-AQ
15
Provenance Locations Resource
Enumerates provenance URIs for
a particular entity
An Overview on PROV-AQ
16
Provenance Locations Resource
Enumerates provenance URIs for
a particular entity
Example representation in JSON format
{ "uri": "http://example.org/X",
"provenance": [
"http://prov.example.org/aboutX",
"http://example.com/prov?id=X" ]
An Overview on PROV-AQ
}
17
Provenance Locations Resource
Enumerates provenance URIs for
a particular entity
Example representation in JSON format
{ "uri": "http://example.org/X",
"provenance": [
"http://prov.example.org/aboutX",
"http://example.com/prov?id=X" ]
}
Example representation in Turtle (i.e.RDF data)
@prefix prov: <@@TBD@@#> .
<http://example.org/X> a prov:Entity ;
prov:hasProvenance <http://prov.example.org/aboutX> ;
prov:hasProvenance <http://example.com/prov?id=X> .
An Overview on PROV-AQ
18
Using the API ...
… to retrieve provenance URI(s)
Required: Entity-URI and Service-URI
1. Obtain service description
(by dereferencing Service-URI)
2. Extract URI template for locations resources
3. Form Provenance-Locations-URI
(by instantiating the template with Entity-URI)
4. Obtain provenance locations resource
(by dereferencing Provenance-Locations-URI)
5. Extract relevant Provenance-URIs
An Overview on PROV-AQ
19
Outline
Key Concepts
Simple Mechanisms
Provenance Services
Querying Provenance Information
Open Issues
An Overview on PROV-AQ
20
Provenance Query Services
Alternative for cases where aforementioned
mechanisms are insufficient
PROV-AQ recommends SPARQL
Query language for RDF data
Protocol for SPARQL query processing services
An Overview on PROV-AQ
21
Example Queries
Use case: unknown entity URI
SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE {
?entity prism:doi "1234.5678" ;
prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri .
}
Use case: ask for a particular piece of
provenance information only
SELECT ?start_time WHERE {
<http://example.org/X> prov:wasGeneratedBy ?act .
?act prov:startedAt ?start .
?start prov:inXSDDateTime ?start_time .
}
An Overview on PROV-AQ
22
Outline
Key Concepts
Simple Mechanisms
Provenance Services
Querying Provenance Information
Open Issues
An Overview on PROV-AQ
23
Main Open Issues
Entities disjoint from Activities in PROV-DM
Remove service descriptions (i.e. prescribe a
particular template)?
{ "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/",
"provenance_locations_template":
"http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}"
}
Simplifies the process of using provenance services
Embedding provenance information directly
Best practice recommendation for HTML: RDFa
General approach is out of scope
An Overview on PROV-AQ
24
Summary
Main contributions:
Simple mechanisms for retrieving and
discovering provenance information
More advanced discovery service and
query mechanisms
An Overview on PROV-AQ
25
These slides have been created by
Olaf Hartig
http://olafhartig.de
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
An Overview on PROV-AQ
26
Backup Slides
An Overview on PROV-AQ
27
Resources Represented as HTML
<link>
elements in the <head> section
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="provenance"
href="http://example.org/prov/aboutX" />
<link rel="anchor"
href="http://example.org/X" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="main.css" />
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to this Web page</h1>
<p>
An Overview on PROV-AQ
28
Provenance Service URI ...
… for resources accessed by HTTP
Link: Service-URI; rel="provenance-service";
anchor="Entity-URI"
An Overview on PROV-AQ
29
Resources Represented as HTML
<link>
elements in the <head> section
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<link rel="provenance"
href="http://example.org/provOfX" />
<link rel="anchor"
href="http://example.org/X" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
Indicating
href="main.css"
a provenance
/>
service:
<title>Welcome</title>
<link rel="provenance-service"
</head>
href="Service-URI" />
<body>
<h1>Welcome to this Web page</h1>
<p>
An Overview on PROV-AQ
30
Service Description
Provides templates for URIs of
provenance locations resources and/or
provenance information resources
An Overview on PROV-AQ
31
Service Description
Provides templates for URIs of
provenance locations resources and/or
provenance information resources
Example description represented in JSON
{ "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/",
"provenance_locations_template":
"http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}",
"provenance_content_template":
"http://example.org/PS/prov?uri={uri}" }
An Overview on PROV-AQ
32
Service Description
Provides templates for URIs of
provenance locations resources and/or
provenance information resources
Example description represented in JSON
{ "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/",
"provenance_locations_template":
"http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}",
"provenance_content_template":
"http://example.org/PS/prov?uri={uri}" }
Provenance locations resource for
http://example.org has URI:
An Overview on PROV-AQ
33
http://ps.example.org/loc?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.org
Using the API ...
… to retrieve provenance information
Required: Entity-URI and Service-URI
1. Obtain service description
(by dereferencing Service-URI)
2. Extract URI template for information resources
3. Form Provenance-URI
(by instantiating the template with Entity-URI)
4. Obtain provenance information resource
(by dereferencing Provenance-URI)
5. Extract relevant provenance information
An Overview on PROV-AQ
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34
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