A-PDF OFFICE TO PDF DEMO: Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£ i¡o¡
Dr.Taraknath Taraphd
:
:
Fe¢hwn na−Ll −nom−NÀ "gl¡p£ i¡o¡ piÉa¡l i¡o¡ f¡ÕQ¡aÉ SN−a iâ−m¡−Ll ¢Qq²'z pjL¡m£e
"B¿¹SÑ¡¢aL' i¡la£u ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c HC "¢m‰¥u¡ éÉ¡ˆ¡'u cr q−a −Q−u¢R−mez f§hÑ¡Q¡kÑ−cl fc¡ˆ
Ae¤pl−Z HC lQe¡u L¡m¡e¤œ²¢jL abÉ pˆme J HL¡−ml ¢h−cn£i¡o¡cra¡l j¡−el f¢lfË¢r−a
ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡‘¡−el ¢h−nÔoZz −pC p−‰ h¡wm¡u ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£ fË¢ahZÑ£Ll−Zl a¡¢mL¡z
1
ky¡l fb d−l Qm¡....
H ¢ho−u fËd¡e Hhw −h¡dqu fbfËcnÑeL¡l£ N−hoZ¡ L−l−Re l¡jL«oA p−´Ol nË−Üu pæÉ¡p£ ü¡j£
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c; a¡yl fËhå…¢m (11¢V) fËh¤Ü i¡la f¢œL¡u j¡QÑ 1967 −b−L H¢fËm 1977 fkÑ¿¹ fËL¡¢na
q−u¢Rmz flhaÑ£L¡−m −p…¢ml h‰¡e¤h¡c L−l pˆme L−l−Re l¢h−nMl −pe…ç, "CE−l¡−f ¢h−hL¡e¾c'
e¡−j fËL¡n L−l−Re j™m h¤L q¡Ep, LmL¡a¡ (1j fËL¡n: B¢nÄe 1395) Hhw A°àa BnËj −b−L
Cwl¡S£ pˆme¢V 2012 −p−ÃVð−l fËL¡¢na q−u−Rz
é¡−¾p ü¡j£S£l hph¡p J f§hÑ CE−l¡f ïjZ AdÉ¡u…¢ml ph…¢m−aC H pð−å abÉ f¡Ju¡ k¡u,
k¢cJ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£ HC ¢hou¢V ¢e−u p¤¤¢e¢cÑøi¡−h B−m¡Qe¡ L−l−Re fÉ¡¢lp Lw−NË−p ¢h−hL¡e¾c 1900
(fËh¤Ü i¡la H¢fËm 1969) J ¢eLV fË¡QÉ−c−n ¢h−hL¡e¾c (fËh¤Ü i¡la H¢fËm 1977) fËhåc¤¢V−a
(Cwl¡S£ J h¡wm¡ NË−¿Ûl I pwúlZc¤¢V−a fªù¡pwMÉ¡ kb¡œ²−j 120 124 J 276 280 Hhw 107 110
J191 194z
HC lQe¡ j§max ay¡l I lQe¡−LC −L¾cÊ L−l N−s E−W−R, k¢cJ L−uL¢V B−l¡ abÉ J A−eL
fËnÀ −k¡N L−l¢Rz
B−NC fËL¡¢na H ¢ho−ul ¢LR¥ abÉ…¢m−L HLÙÛ¡−e pwL¢ma L−l, L¡m¡e¤œ²¢jLi¡−h p¡S¡−a
Q¡C¢Rz
AeÉ HL¢V ¢houJ HM¡−e Aha¡lZ¡ Ll¢R, a¡ qm ü¡j£S£l ¢h¢iæ gl¡p£ e¡j, në, h¡LÉhå−L
h¡wm¡u fË¢ahZÑ£LlZ Ll¡z HL¡−S ü¡j£S£ fËbj ee, a−h ay¡l −mM¡l ¢hf¤m Se¢fËua¡l Lb¡ j−e l¡M−m
HC L¡S −k k−bø …l¦aÆf§ZÑ, a¡−a p−¾cq −eCz h¡wm¡u gl¡p£ në /ErQ¡l−Zl fË¢ahZÑ£Ll−Z "e¡e¡ j¤¢el
e¡e¡ ja'[L], Cw−lS n¡p−el g−m gl¡p£ në ¢hL«ai¡−h ErQ¡l−Z J −mM¡u Bjl¡ −k AiÉÙ¹ q−u −N¢R
AN¢Za "−lØV¥−l¾V'C a¡l fËj¡Zz
#
Ec¡qlZ ¢c−u h¢m, HL RODIN h¡e¡eC h¡wm¡u LaS−e Lai¡−h hZÑ£LlZ L−l−Re:
"l¢Xe': ü¡j£ Nñ£l¡e¾c, k¤Ne¡uL ¢h−hL¡e¾c, "−l¡cÉy¡': e¡l¡uZ p¡eÉ¡m, A−n¡L ¢jœ (CJ−l¡−fl i¡úkÑ), "lcÉ¡y': A¢qi¨oZ
j¡¢mL (−R¡V−cl lcÉ¡y) J nˆl£fËp¡c hp¤¤ (−m¡Lj¡a¡ ¢e−h¢ca¡ J AeÉ¡eÉ), "lc¡y': l¢h−nMl −pe…ç (CJ−l¡−f ¢h−hL¡e¾c)
J f§−ZѾc¥ fœ£z °puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£ f’a¿» 1j i¡−N HLÙÛ¡−e ¢m−M−Re "−l¡c¡y' (fÉ¡¢l−p) Hhw Bl HLÙÛ¡−e "lc¡y'
(¢L−pl på¡−e) [°puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£ lQe¡hm£, ¢jœ J −O¡o, LmL¡a¡, 1j M™, Bo¡t 1412, kb¡œ²−j fª: 35 J 38z]
2
ky¡−cl fb−lM¡ Ae¤plZ L−l¢R
ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c
j−q¾cÊe¡b cš
−jl£ m¤Cp h¡LÑ (¢pØV¡l N¡NÑ£)
°puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£
nˆl£fËp¡c hp¤¤
3
Lb¡lñ
¢h−hL¡e¾c −h¢l−u−Re fËhËSÉ¡u, O¤−l−Re e¡e¡ i¡o¡ e¡e¡ja e¡e¡ f¢ld¡−el HC i¡lah−oÑ, i¡la
R¡¢s−u h¢q¢hÑ−nÄ, c¢l−âl L¥V£l −b−L l¡SfË¡p¡c −L¡b¡u b¡−Le ¢e? Lb¡ h−m−Re −L¡e i¡o¡u? Ešl
i¡l−a, ¢q¾c£−a AhnÉCz c¢rZ i¡l−a Cw−lS£z ¢L¿¹¥ ¢q¾c£−a ¢Q¢W? HM−e¡ Ae¡¢h×La
« z ¢q¾c£ i¡oZ?
−hn L−uL¢V q−hz AbQ ¢q¾c£l p−‰ h¡wm¡i¡o¡l −k pÇfLÑ, −aje ¢L eu gl¡p£l p−‰ Cw−lS£l?
¢q¾c£−a ¢h−hL¡e¾c ¢Q¢W e¡ ¢mM−mJ, gl¡p£i¡o¡u hš²«a¡ L−l−Re, ¢Q¢W ¢m−M−Re, Bm¡f B−m¡Qe¡
L−l−Rez
1900 p¡mz ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c Bp−he fÉ¡¢l−p, j§m E−ŸnÉ: fÉ¢l−p ¢hnÄfcË nÑe£ −cM¡ Bl
d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−e −k¡Nc¡e Ll¡z ¢L¿¹¥ ¢h−hL¡e¾c Ae¤l¡¢Ne£ Hj¡ L¡m−il j−a "顾p aMe EeÈ¥M q−u
B−R ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£l S−eÉz'(1) Bl −pSeÉ "ü¡j£S£−L gl¡p£ S¡e−aC q−h i¡−m¡i¡−h'z(1) ü−c−nl
i¡o¡ J pwú«¢al −N±l−h E‹£¢ha gl¡p£−cl L¡−R ¢LR¥−aC AeÉ −L¡−e¡ ¢h−cn£ i¡o¡ −a¡ NË¡qÉ q−hC e¡,
Hje¢L a¡yl¡ ¢h−cn£l j¤−M i¥m ErQ¡l−Z gl¡p£ öe−a Q¡C−he ¢Le¡ p−¾cqzM
顾p aMe f¡ÕQ¡aÉ piÉa¡l −L¾cÊi¨¢j, gl¡p£i¡o¡ pjNË CE−l¡−fl ¢hc‡S−el B−m¡Qe¡l i¡o¡z
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl cª¢ø−a, "−hc¡−¿¹l fËi¡h CJ−l¡−f
L¡hÉ J cnÑen¡−Ù» pj¢dL'z(2) −pC gl¡p£−cn−L
−hc¡−¿¹l i¡−h fÔ¡¢ha L−l, CE−l¡−fl A¿¹−l fËh¡¢qa −hc¡¿¹i¡e¡l A¿¹xp¢mm¡ −pË¡−a −S¡u¡−ll ea¥e
N¢a−hN Be−a ¢L Evp¡¢qa q−he e¡ ¢h−hL¡e¾c, fË¡−QÉl SeÉ h¤Üh¡Z£l j−a¡ f¡ÕQ¡−aÉl SeÉ ¢k¢e
H−e−Re ehk¤−Nl h¡Z£(3) ?
$
ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c a¡yl BaÈS£he£ "THE MAKING OF A DEVOTEE'−a ¢m−M−Re [pdf pg 165]
¢a¢e kMe 1966 p¡−m é¡−¾p −NËv−S l¡jL«oA −hc¡¿¹ −L−¾cÊ −k¡N ¢c−me, aMe gl¡p£ i¡m S¡e−ae e¡z p¤¤al¡w ¢a¢e kMe
BnË−jl HL …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i−š²l p−‰ ¢e−Sl j¡a«i¡o¡ Cwl¡S£−a h¡LÉ¡m¡f L−l M¤¥¢n q−u, iâj¢qm¡l Cwl¡S£ i¡o¡ S¡e¡u
p−¿¹¡o fËL¡n Ll−me, iš² j¢qm¡¢V a£rÁ Sh¡h ¢c−me, Bjl¡ gl¡p£, Bjl¡ ¢e−Sl i¡o¡u Lb¡ hm−a Q¡C, Bl −p i¡o¡
öe−aJ Q¡Cz
HC −k j¡a«i¡o¡ ¢e−u −N±lh−h¡d, H−ke gl¡p£ S¡¢al pqS¡az H Lb¡ kMeL¡l, −pC 60Hl cn−L W¡™¡k¤−Ül
pj−u 顾p Bl fËbj−nËZ£l ¢hnÄn¢š² euz ah¤J S¡a£u −N±lh ¢e−u l¡øÊf¢a n¡mÑ cÉ N−ml L£ c¡YÑÉ! H öd¤ ay¡l eu, pjNË
gl¡p£S¡¢al j¡e¢pLa¡l fË¢agmez
Ae¤l©f i¡o¡fË£¢al Lb¡ ¢m−M−Re, °puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£Jz [l¡øÊi¡o¡, hsh¡h¤, °p.j¤.B. lQe¡hm£ (4bÑ), ¢jœ J −O¡o,
°Qœ 1388, fª: 128]
−h¡T¡C k¡−rR 1900 p¡−m, l¡S°e¢aL −r−œ fË¥¢nu¡l L¡−R qaj¡e q−u Bqa, CE−l¡−fl ¢nÒf p¡¢qaÉ
m¢maLm¡ pwú«¢al l¡Sd¡e£ fÉ¡¢l−p ü¡S¡aÉ¢ij¡e Bl j¡a«i¡o¡fË£¢a LaV¡ a£hË q−a f¡−lz Bl −pC gl¡p£−cl "Su
Ll−a Q¡C−m' ü¡j£S£−L gl¡p£i¡o¡u LaV¡ cr q−a q−hz
ü¡j£S£l p−‰ −k ph gl¡p£…Z£−cl f¢lQu p¤¤¢h¢ca, −pC p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡XÑ, Hj¡ L¡m−i, S¥m −h¡Ju¡, −fÉl Cu¡p¡yv (−ful
¢qu¡¢p¿Û), A…Ù¹ −l¡cÉ¡y, Hy−cl ph¡C C Cw−lS£ S¡e−ae e¡ hm−mC quz ü¡j£S£l ¢e−Sl Lb¡u: "gl¡p£ i¡o¡ piÉa¡l i¡o¡
f¡ÕQ¡aÉ SN−a iâ−m¡−Ll ¢Qq² pL−mC S¡−e ; L¡−SC H−cl Cw−lS£ −nMh¡l AhL¡n Hhw fËhª¢š −eCz' [f¢lhË¡SL,
h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6/119, 1379pw]
4
qÉ¡y, ¢h−hL¡e¾c Evp¡¢qa gl¡p£−cl Su Ll−a, −pLb¡ ¢mM−me ¢e−h¢ca¡−L(4) 6C H¢fËm
(1900) ¢Q¢W−az Bl a¡C ea¥e L−l T¡¢m−u ¢e−a q−h gl¡p£ i¡o¡z
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£i¡o¡‘¡e ¢ho−u −k ph p¡rÉfËj¡Z f¡Ju¡ k¡u, a¡ −b−L p¢WL ¢pÜ¡¿¹ Ll¡
c¤l©q, LM−e¡ j−e qu a¡ k−bø Ni£l, −kje ¢m−M−Re j−q¾cÊe¡b cš (5) h¡ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl ¢e−Sl Lb¡
EÜ«a L−l Øj«¢aQ¡lZ L−l−Re jeÈbe¡b N¡‰¥m£ [N] (6), Bh¡l LM−e¡ h¡ j−e qu I L¡−mC ü¡j£S£l
gl¡p£i¡o¡l ¢hcÉ¡ eh¢nr¡bÑ£l, −kje ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e−¾cl N−hoZ¡u ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡u −mM¡ ¢Q¢W −c−M
gl¡p£−cl j¿¹hÉ (7)z ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£l j−a ¢h−hL¡e¾c ¢e−S −L¡−e¡¢ce gl¡p£i¡o¡u cra¡l c¡h£ L−le
¢ez(8)
ay¡l Cw−lS£ S£he£−a ¢h¢iæ pwúl−Z ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£ i¡o¡u cra¡ pð−å hm¡ q−u−R:
1912 pw (4 M™):(9) “He found that he could speak French with ease and make the
intricate terms of Sanskrit philosophy readily intelligible to his hearers in that foreign language”
1933 pw (2M™):(%) “He found that he could speak French with sufficient ease to make
the intricate terms of Sanskrit philosophy readily intelligible to his hearers in that foreign
language”
haÑj¡−e B¢j −k¢V EÜ«a Ll¢R:
(10)
(A°àa BnËj fËL¡¢na ¢p.¢X.−a [2001])
“…he had, indeed, become sufficiently fluent in French to speak on highly technical
matters before a gathering of scholars.”
−L¡−e¡ i¡o¡ −L LaV¡ S¡−ee, a¡l f¢lQu −j¡V¡j¤¢V hm¡ k¡u i¡o¡ −h¡T¡, fs¡, hm¡, J −mM¡l
rja¡uz H…¢m−L k¢c ¢hÙ¹«ai¡−h −c¢M:
i¡o¡ −h¡T¡:
−L¡−e¡ i¡o¡ I i¡o£l j¤−M d£−l d£−l hm−m Abh¡ ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−h hm−m ö−e −h¡T¡l rja¡z
I i¡o¡ AeÉi¡o¡i¡o£l j¤−M ö−e −h¡T¡l rja¡z
&
They had thought of making it a convention at Paris to make it compulsory for the
speakers to address the House in the French language, I did not know French at the time. And
they thought that my ignorance of the language would debar me from the Parliament. But I went
to France and picked up the language in about six months and then began to deliver some
speeches in French.
jeÈbe¡b N¡‰¥m£l lQe¡u ÙÛ¡e L¡m f¡−œl Ha −N¡mj¡m B−R, −k a¡ −j¡−VJ ¢eiÑl−k¡NÉ euz EÜ«a¡w−nC A¿¹ax
2¢V abÉNa ï¡¢¿¹ : ¢h−hL¡e¾c é¡−¾p −f±y−R 6j¡p b¡−LeC ¢e, a−h k¢c 6j¡p B−N −b−L gl¡p£ −nM¡l Lb¡ h−m b¡−Le,
−p AeÉ Lb¡z ¢àa£uax d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−e gl¡p£ R¡s¡J m¡¢ae, Cw−lS£, S¡jÑ¡e J Ca¡¢mu i¡o¡−L "A¢g¢pu¡m' i¡o¡
h−m ¢e¢cÑø q−u¢Rm: ¢euj¡hm£l 10j d¡l¡z Vidyatmananda, Swami, Vivekananda in Europe, Sept. 2012,
Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata pg. 101-102. (V.E.)
5
i¡o¡ hm¡:
fË¡aÉ¢qL/ °ce¢¾ce p¡d¡lZ Lb¡h¡aÑ¡z
cnÑe, djÑ, ¢nÒf, ¢h‘¡e HCph ¢ho−u hm¡l rja¡z
¢e−S−cl °ce¢¾ce A¢i‘a¡ −b−LC −a¡ S¡¢e, j¡a«i¡o¡ R¡s¡ AeÉ −L¡−e¡ i¡o¡ −LE ö−e h¤T−a
f¡l−mJ qua hm−a f¡−le e¡, h¡ i¡P¡ i¡P¡ h¡ ¢eSü ErQ¡l−Z hm−mJ fs−a f¡−le e¡, Bh¡l
−LEh¡, j¤Sah¡ Bm£ p¡−q−hl Lb¡u "−Ly−cL¢L−u fs−a f¡l−mJ, hm−a −N−m XXewz' Bh¡l hm−a,
h¤T−a, fs−a f¡l−mJ −mM¡l pju Bsøi¡h H−p k¡u −L¡−e¡ −L¡−e¡ −r−œz
ü¡j£S£l −r−œ Bj¡−cl HR¡s¡J −k¡N Ll−a q−h gl¡p£−a i¡oZ −cJu¡l rja¡ ASÑe,
¢h−noax a¡vr¢ZL i¡oZ Hhw Ae¤h¡c cra¡, −Lhm −mM¡u eu, i¡o−ZJ ; Hje¢L a¡vr¢ZL h¡
QVSm¢c Ae¤h¡cJ Ll−a q−h pwú«a h¡ i¡la£u n¡Ù» −b−L, k¡ ¢hou¢V−L öd¤ f¢lØg¥VC Ll−h e¡
Efl¿¹¥ j−e −Ny−b k¡−hz
j−e l¡M−a q−h, Cwl¡S£ i¡o¡ −kje ¢h¢iæ i¡o¡l në−L Bfe L−l ¢e−u ¢e−Sl nëi¡™¡l−L
pjªÜ L−l−R, gl¡p£ i¡o¡ a¡ euz ¢h−cn£ në NËq−Z a¡l k−bø Bf¢šz °puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£ ¢m−M−Re,
−l¡j¡y −l¡mÉ¡yl −L¡−e¡ HL SeÈSu¿¹£ Efm−rÉ fËL¡¢nahÉ Øj¡lLf¤Ù¹−Ll SeÉ −heJu¡ p¡−qh "n¡¢¿¹¢e−Lae
BnËj' ¢e−u fËhå ¢mM−he ; ¢mM−he ¢L! "BnËj' në−L gl¡p£−a ¢Li¡−h −h¡T¡−he, a¡ ¢e−uC p¡−qh
NmcÚOjÑ! −LE kMe fl¡jnÑ ¢c−me "BnËj'−LC gl¡p£ i¡o¡u hÉhq¡l Ll−a, −heJu¡ hm−me, Eyý,
hcqSj q−hz(11)
gl¡p£i¡o¡l Afl HL¢V °h¢nøÉ a¡l "ürRa¡', gl¡p£−a h−m, k¡ ürR eu, a¡ gl¡p£ euz [ce
qui n'est pas clair n'est pas français]
H −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡−rR ¢h−hL¡e¾c−L L£ ¢hl¡V QÉ¡−m−”l j¤−M¡j¤¢M q−a q−rRz
Bd¤¢eLL¡−m ¢h−cn£ i¡o¡u cra¡−L ¢h¢iæ Ù¹−l i¡N Ll¡ quz gl¡p£i¡o¡l S−eÉJ Ae¤l©f
Ù¹l¢hi¡Se B−Rz Bjl¡ abÉ pˆm−el f−l a¡ ¢h−nÔoZ L−l −cM−a Q¡C¢R, ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡u cra¡
−L¡e Ù¹−l ¢N−u −fy±−R¢Rmz
ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡‘¡e ¢e−u Hi¡−h −L¡−e¡ B−m¡Qe¡ q−u−R ¢Le¡ S¡¢e e¡z
6
i¡o¡¢nr¡: L¡m¡e¤œ²¢jL
ú¥m h¡ L−m−S ¢h−hL¡e¾c gl¡p£ ¢n−M¢R−me h−m S¡¢ee¡, ¢L¿¹¥ fs−a q−u−R C¢aq¡p, −pM¡−e
gl¡p£ ÙÛ¡e h¡ hÉ¢š²e¡j AhnÉC b¡L¡l Lb¡, −p…¢ml kb¡kb ErQ¡lZ −nM¡C −h¡dqu ü¡j£S£l Hi¡o¡
−nM¡l fËbj fc−rfz HC pju ü¡j£S£ gl¡p£ l¡æ¡l hC ¢L−e f−se (12), k¢cJ a¡ gl¡p£i¡o¡u ¢Le¡
S¡¢ee¡z
¢e¢cÑø mrÉ ¢e−u gl¡p£ ¢nM−a öl¦ Ll−me ¢a¢e f¢lhË¡SL S£h−e, 1891 p¡−m, …Sl¡−V,
−f¡lh¾c−lz −pM¡−el fËn¡pL, −hc‘ −a¡ h−VC, −pCp−‰ gl¡p£ J S¡jÑ¡ei¡o¡u p¤¤f¢äa nˆl f¡ä¥l‰
a¡y−L h−m¢R−me, CE−l¡−fl ¢n¢ra pj¡−Sl j¡e¤−ol p−‰ ¢jn−a −N−m gl¡p£ i¡o¡ S¡e¡ HL¡¿¹ fË−u¡Sez
a¡ylC Evp¡−q, ay¡lC L¡−R ü¡j£S£ gl¡p£ ¢nM−a öl¦ L−lez HC pju ¢a¢e j−W …l¦i¡C−cl L¡−R
gl¡p£−a HL¢V ¢Q¢WJ ¢m−M f¡W¡ez (13) ¢buS¢gØV f¢œL¡u [j¡QÑ 1893] ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡cra¡l Lb¡
fËL¡¢na q−u¢Rmz(14)
Hlfl 1892 p¡−ml A−ƒ¡hl j¡−p −hmN¡yJ−a ü¡j£S£ kMe heLaÑ¡ q¢lfc ¢j−œl B¢abÉ
¢e−me, aMe ay¡l L¡−R HL¢V f¤Ù¹L ¢Rm, Bl ¢a¢e gl¡p£ p‰£a¢hcÉ¡ pð−å fs¢R−mez (15) Øfø L−l
e¡ hm¡ q−mJ Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡u, I f¤Ù¹L¢VC gl¡p£ p‰£a¢hcÉ¡ pwœ²¡¿¹z ¢L i¡o¡u −mM¡? −p Lb¡
q¢lfch¡h¤ −m−Me ¢ez gl¡p£i¡o¡u qh¡l pñhe¡ −h¢nz
L−uLpç¡q f−l jq£n§−ll l¡Sclh¡−l ay¡l p−‰ HL A¢ØVÊu¡e p‰£a−‘l f¡ÕQ¡aÉ p‰£a ¢e−u
B−m¡Qe¡ quz (16) H−r−œJ B−m¡Qe¡l i¡o¡ ¢L ¢Rm a¡l på¡e f¡C ¢ez a−h clh¡−ll Bl fy¡QSe
…Z£l p¡j−e A¡−m¡Qe¡ q−m i¡o¡ gl¡p£ e¡ q−u Cw−lS£ qh¡l pñhe¡ −h¢nz a¡q−m gl¡p£l Lb¡ j¡b¡u
Hm −Le? pqS Lb¡, ¢hou¢V f¡ÕQ¡aÉ p‰£a, L¡m : gl¡p£ kMe "¢m‰¥u¡ éÉ¡ˆ¡' Bl f¡œ jdÉ CE−l¡−fl
j¡e¤o j−e l¡M−m, gl¡p£l Lb¡ üaxC j−e B−p e¡ ¢L?
Hlfl gl¡p£i¡o¡ QQÑ¡l p¤¤−k¡N ¢a¢e f¡e ¢e hm−mJ qu, −Lee¡ a¡lfl j¡â¡S q¡uâ¡h¡c −Ma¢s
−h¡−ð O¤−l ü¡j£S£ −N−me B−j¢lL¡u, ay¡l i¡o−Z j¤‡ B−j¢lL¡, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ phC Cw−lS£−az
1894 :
gl¡p£ i¡o¡ pð−å HL¢V abÉ f¡¢rR −qm −h¡−e−cl −p¡u¡júV −b−L −mM¡ ü¡j£S£l 26−n S¥m¡C
1894 Hl ¢Q¢W−az 1894 Hl S¡e¤u¡¢l −ghË¥u¡¢l, −j S¥e j¡−p ¢a¢e ¢nL¡−N¡u ¢R−me, −qmih−ez −qm
−h¡−el¡, qÉ¡¢l−uV Hhw −jl£, −k ay¡−cl HC pæÉ¡p£ c¡c¡¢V−L −nM¡h¡l j−a¡ k−bø gl¡p£ S¡e−ae, −p
f¢lQu Bjl¡ AÒf f−lC f¡hz HC pj−uC qÉ¡¢l−uV −qm ay¡l ¢fËu c¡c¡−L HL¢V gl¡p£ p‰£a −nM¡e,
¢L¿¹¥ a¡l gm?
“What nonsense was the song Harriet taught me "dans la plaine" the deuce take it. I told
it to a French scholar and he laughed and laughed till the fellow was well-nigh burst at my
wonderful translation. That is the way you would have taught me French!...”HC ¢Q¢W−aC ¢a¢e
HL¢V gl¡p£ h¡LÉhå hÉhq¡l L−l−Re:
fin de siècle [O],
h¡wm¡ Ae¤h¡−c
(17)
a¡ Ae§¢ca qu ¢ez
=
gÉy¡ cÉ ¢pu¡LÚm: Br¢lL Ae¤h¡−c na¡ë£l f¢lhaÑeL¡mz "na¡ë£l p§kÑ¡Ù¹': °puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£z [¢f˾p
NË¡¢hË−u−m c¡'æ¤eÚcÚ¢S−u¡, V¥¢e−jj, °p.j¤.B. lQe¡hm£, (3u), ¢jœ J −O¡o, B¢nÄe 1390, fª: 207] hÉ”e¡−bÑ: (Ae¤l©f L¡−m)
pj¡−Sl ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡u ¢hl¡V f¢lhaÑez ehk¤−Nl ehi¡he¡z
7
ky¡−cl L¡−R ¢h−hL¡e¾c gl¡p£ ¢n−M¢R−me
−f¡lh¾c−ll −cJu¡e nË£k¤a nˆl f¡ä¥l‰ f¢™a
qÉ¡¢l−uV −qm
ü¡j£ Aiu¡e¾c [j¡l£ m¤C]
ky¡−cl L¡−R gl¡p£ ¢nM−a −Q−u¢R−me
−jl£ −qm
¢jp é¡−¾pp −qe¢l−uV¡ j¤m¡l
8
1894 −f¢l−u 1895z
18C −ghË¥u¡¢l 1895 ¢eE CuLÑ −b−L ü¡j£S£ nË£ja£ −qm−L ¢Q¢W−a S¡e¡−rRe, Cp¡−hm
(jÉ¡LÚ¢Lä¢m) ay¡−L "gl¡p£ hC…¢m' f¡¢W−u ¢c−u−Rez
"gl¡p£ hC'? ¢e−u ¢L Ll−he ¢h−hL¡e¾c? L£ L£ hC?
BNØV j¡−p ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl 顾p J Cwmä k¡œ¡z é¡−¾p ¢a¢e ¢jx é¡¢¾pp −m−N−Vl A¢a¢b,
−b−L−Re e¡jLl¡ −q¡−Vm L¢¾V−e¾V¡−mz −pM¡−e L£ i¡o¡u °ce¢¾ce Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ h−m¢R−me, a¡l på¡e −eCz
pÀ¡−el Ai¡−h "q−eÉ L¥L¥l qh¡l −k¡N¡s' (fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡aÉ)(18) q−m AeÉ −q¡−V−m pÀ¡−el hÉhÙÛ¡l på¡e,
HCph Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ ¢L Cwl¡S£−aC q−u¢Rm? AhnÉ Hph h¡aÑ¡m¡f ¢j: −m−N−Vl Ll¡l pñhe¡C −h¢nz
HC pju ¢a¢e fÉ¡¢l−p e¡e¡ÙÛ¡−e O¤−l−Re, Bm¡f f¢lQu q−u−R e¡e¡…Z£S−el p−‰z L£ i¡o¡u
ay¡−cl p−‰ Lb¡ h−m−Re ü¡j£S£?
nË£ja£ jX ØV¡j, ¢k¢e flhaÑ£L¡−m ü¡j£S£−L ByL¡ −nM¡−ae, HC pj−ul Øj«¢aQ¡lZ¡u h−m−Re,
¢j−pp −m−N−Vl °hWLM¡e¡u ü¡j£S£ h−m¢R−me "¢a¢e gl¡p£ S¡−ee e¡z' (19)
HLV¥ AfË¡p¢‰L q−mJ h¢m, j−q¾cÊe¡b 1896 p¡−m fÉ¡¢l−p ü¡j£S£l HL¢c−el A¢i‘a¡l Lb¡
¢m−M−Re;(20) a¡ ¢L¿¹¥ 1895 p¡−ml HC pj−ulCz HL hÉ¡ˆ¡l c¤lhÙÛ¡u f−sJ −Lje L−l a¡ L¡¢V−u
EW−a ¢ÙÛlpˆÒf, −pSeÉ ü¡j£S£ ay¡−L fËL«a fËÉ¡¢ƒLÉ¡m −hc¡¿¹£ h−m A¢i¢qa L−l−Re, Hhw j−q¾cÊe¡−bl
−mM¡ Ae¤k¡u£ a¡ ü¡j£S£l ¢e−Sl j¤M −b−LC ay¡l −n¡e¡z [¢L¿¹¥ 1896 p¡−m ü¡j£S£ −a¡ fÉ¡¢l−p k¡œ¡f−b
HLl¡¢œ j¡œ ¢R−mez a−h ¢L H OVe¡ AeÉ −L¡b¡JL¡l?] Abh¡ 1895 p¡−ml kMe ü¡j£S£ ¢j: −m−N−Vl
A¢a¢b q−u ¢ce f−e−l¡ fÉ¡¢l−p ¢R−me? −jl£ m¤Cp h¡LÑ Hhw S£he£f”£L¡ll¡ S¡e¡rRe H OVe¡ 1895
p¡−mlCz(21) [HC OVe¡l AeÉaj f¡œ£ X¡−Qp cÉ −f¡j¡,[P] ¢a¢e 1895 p¡−ml 3l¡ e−iðl j¡l¡ k¡ez]
[1900 p¡−ml A¢i‘a¡l Lb¡ ü¡j£S£l j¤M −b−L j−q¾cÊe¡−bl −n¡e¡l pñhe¡ −eCz]
¢h−hL¡e¾c gl¡p£ e¡ S¡e−mJ, X¡−Q−pl j¤−M ö−e L−b¡fLb−el jjÑ h¤T−a f¡−le, Abh¡ qua
aMe ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ gl¡p£ −h¡−Te, hm−a h¡ ¢mM−a f¡−le e¡z
>
j−q¾cÊe¡−bl mä−e ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c−a −mM¡ Duchess de Pomaz HC e¡−j C¾V¡l−eV M¤y−S −pk¤−Nl L¡E−L
f¡C¢ez ky¡−L −f−u¢R ¢a¢e: Duchess de Pomarz ErQ¡lZ: "c¤−np cÉ −f¡j¡' Cz −Lee¡ gl¡p£ ErQ¡l−Z −no hZÑ ErQ¡¢la
qu e¡z j−e qu j−q¾cÊe¡−bl Ae¤¢m¢fL¡l ay¡l ErQ¡lZ ö−e −l¡j¡e ql−g hZÑ£LlZ Ll−a ¢N−u i¤m L−l−Rez
Maria de Mariategui, Duchess de Medina Pomar, Lady Caithness j¡¢lu¡ −c j¡¢lu¡−aN£,
(1830 1895), [1872 H 2u ¢hh¡−ql f−l] LÉ¡b−e−pl L¡E−¾Vp, X¡−Qp cÉ −f¡j¡, [1879 p¡−m −f¡−fl L¡R −b−L HC
−Ma¡h f¡e] −pk¤−Nl é¡−¾p lqpÉh¡c£ djÑ¡−¾c¡m−el −k Eš¡m −YE E−W¢Rm, a¡l AeÉaj f¤−l¡d¡z LÉ¡b¢mL q−uJ ¢a¢e
HL¡d¡−l ¢bup¢gØV, Bh¡l ¢Øf¢lQ¥u¡¢mØVz j¡c¡j hÔ¡i¡v¢ú, ay¡l p¢Qh −j¡¢qe£−j¡qe Q−–¡f¡dÉ¡u−L ¢e−u HLpju ay¡l
A¢a¢b q−u¢R−mez f§hÑS−eÈ ¢a¢e úV l¡Z£ −j¢l (l¡Z£ H¢mS¡−h−bl −h¡e) ¢R−me h−m j−e Ll−aez fÔ¡e−Q−V e¡e¡ "BaÈ¡'l
p−‰ p¡r¡v Ll−aez −pL¡−ml fÉ¡¢l−pl lqpÉh¡c£/…qÉ djÑQQÑ¡L¡l£ fËd¡e hÉ¢š²l¡: S¥m −c¡¢e−um, f¡f¤p fËj¤M (¢h−hL¡e¾c J
CE−l¡−fl −N±ZdjÑ âøhÉ) ay¡l O¢eù ¢R−mez
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl p−‰ ay¡l f¢lQu q−u¢Rm nË£ja£ −m−NV J ay¡l −h¡e nË£ja£ −S¡−p¢ge jÉ¡Lm¡E−Xl j¡dÉ−j, HjeV¡C
j−e L−le −jl£ m¤Cp h¡LÑ, −p f¢lQ−ul c¤ j¡−pl j−dÉC ¢a¢e dl¡d¡j aÉ¡N L−lez
9
1895 p¡−mC ü¡j£S£ ay¡l gl¡¢pe£ ¢noÉ¡ j¡l£ m¤C (ky¡−L pqpËà£−f¡cÉ¡−e pæÉ¡p ¢c−u e¡jLlZ
L−le ü¡j£ Aiu¡e¾c) Hl L¡−R gl¡p£ ¢nM−a öl¦ L−le a¡l SeÉ "…l¦c¢rZ¡'J ¢c−aez ka e¡
¢e−Sl fË−u¡S−e a¡l −Q−u −h¢n ¢noÉ¡l B¢bÑL pjpÉ¡ −jV¡−az “Indeed, at one time he took French
lessons from Abhayananda - then, perhaps, still Mme Marie Louise - in order to keep her from
starving.” (22) ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ −L¡e pj−u? k¢c hR−ll fËbj ¢c−L qu,[Q] a−h Cp¡−h−ml f¡W¡−e¡ "gl¡p£
hC…¢ml AbÑ My¥−S f¡Ju¡ k¡uz −p−r−œ fËnÀ EW−a f¡−l, −p−ÃVð−l ü¡j£S£ "gl¡p£ S¡¢e e¡ hm−me
−Le? Ešl, k¢cJ M¤h c¤hÑm, ü¡j£S£ je ¢c−u ¢nM−a Q¡e ¢e, a¡Cz
Bl k¢c CE−l¡f −b−L O¤−l Bp¡l fl qu? aMe ü¡j£S£ ¢eE Cu−LÑ ¢R−me ¢X−pðl j¡−p
pç¡q c¤−uL, a¡−a LaV¥L¥ L£ q−h k¢c e¡ −p AdÉue f−ll hR−lJ Qm−a b¡−Lz Hhw qÉ¡y, HV¡J pñhz
−p−r−œ Hj¡ L¡m−il X¡−u¢ll Lb¡, 1896 p¡−ml fËb−j gl¡p£ i¡o¡l hÉhq¡l (¢e−Q −cM¤e) ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl
f−r pqS q−u k¡uz
¢hou¢V Aj£j¡w¢paC lCmz
1896:
17C S¡e¤u¡¢l[R] ü¡j£S£ j−W ü¡j£ ¢œ…Z¡a£a¡e¾c−L E−ŸnÉ L−l −mM¡ ¢Q¢W−a Bh¡l gl¡p£
h¡LÉhå hÉhq¡l Ll−mez B−Nl hRl −b−LC Cwm−ä L¡−Sl SeÉ HLSe …l¦i¡C−L Q¡C¢R−me, ¢L¿¹¥
B−j¢lL¡u? −p fËp−‰C ¢mM−me ü¡j£S£: L’argent mon ami, l’argent V¡L¡, Cu¡l, V¡L¡ −L¡b¡u?
qW¡v L−l gl¡p£ −Le? h¡wm¡u −S¡l −ch¡l SeÉ? j−Wl …l¦i¡C−cl j−dÉ nn£ jq¡l¡S
(l¡jL«oA¡e¾c) J p¡lc¡ jq¡l¡S (¢œ…Z¡a£a¡e¾c) AÒfpÒf gl¡p£ S¡e−aez (1 ) a¡C HC gl¡p£ mhS
C−Ù¹j¡m?
S¡e¤u¡¢ll −n−o h¡ −ghË¥u¡¢ll fËb−jC ¢eE Cu−LÑ ü¡j£S£ −cM−me i¡lah−oÑl fVi¨¢jL¡u ¢hMÉ¡a
gl¡p£ A¢i−eœ£ p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡XÑ A¢ie£a gl¡p£ e¡VL "Cvn£m'z(23) [13/2/96 ØV¡¢XÑ−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W] H
pð−å ü¡j£S£ ¢m−M−Re I f−œ, f¢lhË¡S−LJ(24) f¢lQu qm h¡eÑq¡−XÑl p−‰z ¢a¢e Bh¡l Cw−lS£ i¡o¡u
Ae¢i‘¡ (I)z g−m qu ü¡j£S£−L gl¡p£−a Lb¡ hm−a q−u¢Rm Abh¡ c¤S−el Bm¡−fl pju −c¡i¡o£
¢R−mez ¢àa£u¢VC ü¡i¡¢hL j−e qu, L¡lZ:
L) ü¡j£S£l Ha¢c−el AeiÉ¡−p gl¡p£ i¡o¡u aa p¡hm£m b¡L¡l Lb¡ euz
M) p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡XÑ kMe Cw−lS£ e¡ −S−eJ e¡V−Ll cm ¢e−u Cw−lS£i¡o£ −c−n Ae¤ù¡e L−le,
S¡¢ee¡ j¡l£ m¤C L−h ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl L¡−R fËbj B−pe, a−h pqpËà£−f¡cÉ¡e −b−L −hV£ ØV¡¢SÑp−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W−a
kMe a¡yl E−õM Ll−Re ü¡j£S£, aMe, nË£ja£ ØV¡¢SÑp, flhaÑ£L¡−m nË£ja£ −m−NV, a¡y−L ¢Qe−ae, nË£ja£ ØV¡¢SÑp ü¡j£S£l
L¡−R fËbj B−pe, 29 S¡e¤u¡¢l 1895z p¤¤al¡w Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡u j¡l£ m¤CJ fË¡u −pC pj−uC H−p−Rez Bl pcÉf¢l¢Qa
q−m ü¡j£S£ pæÉ¡p ¢c−a k¡−heC h¡ −Le?
?
ü¡j£S£l Cw−lS£ lQe¡hm£−a HC f−œl p¡m 1895z ¢L¿¹¥ aMe ¢a¢e f−œ −mM¡ ¢WL¡e¡u b¡L−ae e¡z ¢Q¢W¢Vl
Cw−lS£ Ae¤h¡−c HC gl¡p£ j¿¹hÉ¢V −eCz
10
aMe ay¡l c−m ¢eÕQuC −c¡i¡o£ b¡−Lez
−jl£ m¤Cp h¡LÑJ HC ja −f¡oZ L−lez(25)
¢L¿¹¥ a¡q−m ü¡j£S£ f¢lhË¡S−L j¡c¡j h¡eÑq¡−XÑl V¥L−l¡ V¥L−l¡ gl¡p£ Lb¡ Efq¡l ¢c−me −Le?
−pLb¡…¢m ¢L HMeC q−u¢Rm, e¡ flhaÑ£L¡−m 1900 p¡−m?
−p¡je¡b j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡−ul N−hoZ¡ f−s j−e qu, HC Lb¡…¢m 1896HlCz
5C −ghË¥u¡¢l 1896, ¢eE Cu−LÑl "¢hšn¡m£ −lm−l¡X hÉhp¡u£ A¢ØVe L¢hÑe'Hl B−u¡¢Sa HL
°en−i¡Spi¡u Bj¢¿»a ¢h−hL¡e¾c, Bl ¢eE CuLÑ −ql¡ô f¢œL¡l fË¢a−hce Ae¤k¡u£ : ""H¢V nË£ja£
h¡eÑq¡−XÑl p−‰ ¢q¾c¥ pæÉ¡p£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl −k¡N¡−k¡N L¢l−u −ch¡l E−Ÿ−nÉC B−u¡¢Sa q−u¢Rmz HC gl¡¢p
A¢i−eœ£ "Cv−pm' e¡VL¢V j’ÙÛ Ll¡l pju −b−LC ¢q¾c¥ f¤l¡ZL¡¢q¢e J fË¡−QÉl N§t h¡ Aa£¢¾cÊu ¢hcÉ¡
pÇf−LÑ Ni£li¡−h BNËq£ qe, Hhw c§lfË¡−QÉl djÑ ¢ho−u HC A¢a f¢l¢Qa fËhš²¡l p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡l SeÉ
EcÚNË£h q−u f−sez...''z (26)
@ A# BC D % BEFA
G%H IJK LM L$ ?L , ““ …Mme. Bernhardt, through the
aid of Mrs. Landenburg, Mr. Whitehouse and Mr. Matthews, as interpreters, discussed Hindoo
mythology with the Swami……..”27
OP, Q R R
I A, E IR S T A O S RU ‘ WXR ’ Z# BML$ (I\KU]
BX
A ,
G%H) I_C` # LU
L a, E IR S T A b
# LU
LU
c
pñhax 1896 p¡−mC ü¡j£S£l p−‰ f¢lQu qu Bl HL "Cwl¡S£ Ae¢i‘¡' gl¢pe£l, ¢a¢e
¢hMÉ¡a A−fl¡ N¡¢uL¡ Hj¡ L¡m−iz L¡m−i −ppju ¢nL¡−N¡ −j−VÊ¡f¢mVe A−fl¡u A−fl¡ f¢l−hne Ll−a
H−p−Re, Bl ¢h−hL¡e¾c −p nq−l aMe −hc¡−¿¹l LÓ¡p Ll−Re −gÓ¡−l¾p HÉ¡X¡j−pl ØV¥¢XJl
A¢X−V¡¢lu¡−jz (nË£ja£ HÉ¡X¡jp Hj¡ L¡m−il h¡åh£)z [¢pØV¡l N¡NÑ£ −jl£ m¤Cp h¡−LÑl j−a 1896 p¡−ml
H¢fË−ml fËbji¡−N,(28) AeÉ j−a −p f¢lQu e−iðl 1899, −k pj−ul B−N ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl fËL¡¢na
fœ¡¢c−a L¡m−il E−õM −eCz a−h 1899 p¡−m ü¡j£S£ ¢nL¡−N¡−a −L¡−e¡ hš²«a¡ L−le ¢ez]
L¡m−il X¡−ul£−a ü¡j£S£l fËbj E−õM a¡¢lM¢hq£ez −pM¡−e ¢a¢e ü¡j£S£−L ay¡l h¡åh£ nË£ja£
HÉ¡X¡j−pl "j¡ØV¡l' (…l¦?) h−m E−õM L−l−Rez ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e−¾cl j−a HC −mM¡ 1895 p¡−ml, L¡m−il
¢h−hL¡e¾c p¡r¡vL¡−ll B−Nz (29) HM¡−e L¡m−i ¢m−M−Re, "¢a¢e HMe ¢eE Cu−LÑ Bj¡l h¡åh£ ¢j−pp
−m−N−Vl h¡¢s−az' "¢j−pp −m−NV' Hl E−õM −b−L −h¡T¡ k¡u X¡−u¢l−a HC H¾¢VÊ 9C −p−ÃVðl 1895
a¡¢l−M é¡¢¾pp −m−N−Vl p−‰ −hV£ ØV¡¢SÑ−pl ¢hh¡−ql f−lz HC pj−ul fl ü¡j£S£ ¢eE Cu−LÑ −m−NV
ih−e AhÙÛ¡e L−le ¢e, a−h ¢eE Cu−LÑ −hc¡¿¹ −L−¾cÊ ¢R−me 6C ¢X−pðl −b−L, Bl −m−NV−cl A¢a¢b
q−u ¢lS¢m jÉ¡e−l (¢eE CuLÑ fË−c−nC) 24−n ¢X−pðl −b−Lz a¡q−m Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡u L¡m−i X¡−u¢l−a
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl E−õM L−l−Re 1895 p¡−ml −no pç¡q e¡N¡cz
ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£ i¡o¡‘¡e pð−å L¡m−i ¢m−M−Re: ‘He speaks and writes fluently French
language which he didn’t know at all, hardly a year ago.’
H¢V ¢L¿¹¥ −n¡e¡ Lb¡z ¢e−Sl A¢i‘a¡ euz
1896 p¡−m j¡QÑ 31 −b−L ¢nL¡−N¡u ü¡j£S£ ¢R−me H¢fË−ml 9 a¡¢lM fkÑ¿¹z HC pj−uC
L¡m−il p−‰ fËbj −cM¡z −pC fËbj −cM¡ pð−å L¡m−il Øj«¢a ay¡l BaÈS£he£−a [Cwl¡S£ Ae¤h¡−c]:
After a brief pause he spoke without looking up.
11
"My child," he said, "what a troubled atmosphere you have: about you! Be calm! It is
essential!"
Then in quiet voice, untroubled and aloof, this man, who did not even know my name,
talked to me of my secret problems and anxieties. He spoke of things that I thought were
unknown even to my nearest friends. It seemed miraculous, supernatural!
"How do you know all this?" I asked at last. "Who has talked of me to you?"
He looked at me with his quiet smile as though I were a child who had asked a foolish
question.
"No one has talked to me," he answered gently. "Do you think that is necessary? I read in
you as in an open book."
Finally it was time for me to leave.
"You must forget," he said as I rose. "Become gay and happy again. Build up your health.
Do not dwelt in silence upon your sorrows. Transmute your emotions into some form of external
expression. Your spiritual health requires it. Your art demands it." (30)
HC Ha Lb¡ gl¡p£ R¡s¡ Bl −L¡e i¡o¡u q−a f¡−l? L¡m−il Cwl¡S£ ‘¡e p¡j¡eÉ, Bl
−pM¡−e −a¡ a«a£u −LE Ef¢ÙÛa ¢R−me e¡z i¡P¡ i¡P¡ gl¡p£−a Ha Lb¡ pñh?
1896 p¡−m ¢h−hL¡e¾c Bh¡l −N−me Cwm−äz a¡lfl S¥m¡C BNØV j¡−p Cw−lS Ae¤l¡N£
−p¢iu¡l cÇf¢a J ¢jp j¤m¡−ll p−‰ −hs¡−a −N−me p¤¤CS¡lmÉ¡−äl gl¡p£ p£j¡−¿¹ BÒfÚpÚ f¡q¡−s, −pM¡e
−b−L S¡jÑ¡¢ez ü¡j£S£l −j−S¡i¡C J Q¢laL¡l j−q¾cÊe¡b c−šl j−a HC pju ¢jp j¤m¡−ll L¡−R gl¡p£
i¡o¡ ¢nM−a ü¡j£S£ BNËq£ q−u J−We Hhw cr q−u J−We −p i¡o¡uz(5)
L¡m−il p−‰ H¢fË−ml fËb−j k¢c gl¡p£−a Lb¡ h−m b¡−Le ü¡j£S£, a−h Bh¡l L−uLj¡p f−lC
¢jp j§m¡−ll L¡−R gl¡p£ ¢nM−a Q¡C−he −Le ¢h−hL¡e¾c? B−l¡ cr qh¡l SeÉ? j−q¾cÊe¡b HC pj−u
m™−e ü¡j£S£l p−‰ ¢R−me, g−m ay¡l Øj«¢aLb¡ ANË¡qÉ Ll¡ L¢Wez
a−h HLV¡ pñhe¡ −b−L k¡uz k¢c 1896 Hl hc−m 1895 p¡−m ü¡j£S£ ¢jp j§m¡−ll L¡−R
gl¡p£ ¢nM−a −Q−u b¡−Le, Bl a¡ j−q¾cÊe¡b Lb¡fËp−‰ ö−e b¡−Lez
−c−nl f−b lJe¡ ¢c−me ¢h−hL¡e¾c 1896Hl ¢X−pð−lz 1897 −b−L S¥e 1899 a¡yl −c−nC
AhÙÛ¡e, nl£lJ −i−P Bp−R HLV¥ HLV¥ L−lz
1897 Hl 12 A−ƒ¡h−l l¡Ju¡m¢f¢ä−a m¡m¡ qwpl¡−Sl h¡¢s −b−L nË£j' −L Lb¡jª−al SeÉ
fËnwp¡ L−l Cw−lS£−a ¢Q¢W ¢mM−me ¢a¢ez (31) fËb−jC A¢ie¾ceh¡Z£ gl¡p£−a! C’est bon mon ami
(i¡h¡e¤h¡−c c¡l¦Z q−rR, hå¥)z gl¡p£i¡p¡u HC ErRÅ¡p fËL¡−nl L¡lZ ¢Rm ¢L −L¡−e¡?
1899 1900:
1899 p¡−ml 20−n S¥e −gl Qm−me ¢a¢e f¡ÕQ¡−aÉz ¢hË¢Vn ¢jE¢Su−jl HL AdÉ−rl fl¡j−nÑ
¢a¢e −pM¡−e f−s −gm−me N¡Ù¹y j¡p−f−l¡l ¢hMÉ¡a "fË¡QÉ SeN−Zl fË¡Q£e C¢aq¡p' j§m gl¡p£−az (32)
f¢lhË¡S−Ll fËbj Awn ü¡j£S£l i¡la −b−L CE−l¡f −f±yR−e¡l Lb¡ AbÑ¡v 1899 Hl OVe¡z
a−h HC Awn¢Vl lQe¡L¡m B−l¡ ¢LR¥ f−l CE−l¡f h¡ B−j¢lL¡ −f±yRh¡l flz HC pj−uC AbÑ¡v
1899 1900 p¡−m gl¡p£ i¡o¡QQÑ¡l A‰ ¢q−p−h ¢a¢e HC NË¿Û¢V f−s b¡L−a f¡−le z
j¡p−f−l¡ 1895 −b−L 97 p¡−ml j−dÉ 3 M−ä Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orient
12
classique lQe¡ L−lez a¡l Cw−lS£ Ae¤h¡c L−le Mrs McClurez HL M−ä Hl HL¢V pw¢rç
pwúlZJ fËL¡¢na q−u¢Rm Histoire des peuples de l'Orient z(33) ü¡j£S£ "fËL¡ä NË¿Û' hm−a ¢eÕQu 3
M−äl NË¿Û¢Vl Lb¡C h−m−Rez
¢nL¡−N¡ −b−L 30−n e−iðl 1899, nË£ja£ h¤m−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W−a ü¡j£S£ ¢mM−Re, HC hC¢Vl 2u
M™¢V ay¡l L¡−R B−R, Bl 1j M™¢V −h¡ØV−e f−s B−Rz
1899 Hl −p−ÃVðl −b−LC ¢h−hL¡e¾c ea¥e L−l gl¡p£ i¡o¡u cr qh¡l −Qø¡ Ll−a m¡N−mez
j§m E−ŸnÉ f−ll hRl (1900) fÉ¡¢l−p ¢hnÄfËcnÑe£l A¿¹NÑa d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−e −k¡Nc¡ez H pj−ul
¢h¢iæ ¢Q¢W−a ay¡l HC CrR¡ dl¡ f−s−Rz
¢lS¢m jÉ¡e−l −m−NV f¢lh¡l−L gl¡p£ −nM¡−a (gl¡p£ i¡o¡u B−l¡ psNs Ll¡−a) H−p¢R−me
fË−gpl j¡nÑy¡ (Marchand), ¢a¢e Ap¤¤ÙÛ q−u −p−ÃVð−ll fËb−j j¡l¡ k¡e HM¡−eCz(34) f¢lQu q−u¢Rm
¢eÕQu ü¡j£S£l p−‰ ¢L¿¹¥ ü¡j£S£ ay¡l L¡−R LaV¡ gl¡p£ ¢n−M¢R−me a¡ hm¡ k¡u e¡z (ü¡j£S£ ¢lS¢m−a
H−me 28−n BNØV)z
−p−ÃVðl 1899 −jl£ −qm−L ü¡j£S£ ¢mM−me: Again I am going to learn French. If I fail to
do it this year, I cannot "do" the Paris Exposition next year properly. Well, I expect to learn
much French here (Ridgley Manor) where even the servants talk it.
HC ¢Q¢W−aC ¢a¢e B−l¡ ¢mM−me: "k¢c Bj¡−L gl¡p£V¡ −nM¡−a, a¡ q−m B¢j −hn é¢N
(gl¡p£) q−u −ka¡j....' ‘Even if you had taught me French, I would be quite a Froggy now...’
4W¡ e−iðl ¢pØV¡l ¢œ²¢ÕQe−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W−aJ I h¡pe¡, a−h A¢id¡−el p¡q¡−kÉ gl¡p£i¡o¡ Buš
Ll¡l CrR¡fËL¡n: I am determined to be a French and German scholar. French, I think, I can
manage with the help of a dictionary.
L¡m−i k¢c HCpj−u (A−ƒ¡hl/ e−iðl 1899) ü¡j£S£l L¡−R fËbj H−p b¡−Le, a−h ay¡l p−‰
fËbj f¢lQ−ulL¡−m ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£−a Lb¡ hm¡ ¢LR¥V¡ pñh, Bl a¡C L¡m−i Q¡e ü¡j£S£ B−l¡ i¡−m¡
L−l gl¡p£ ¢n−M ¢eez
HC pj−uC 10C e−iðl 1899 i¢Ne£ ¢e−h¢ca¡ nË£ja£ h¤m−L ¢mM−me, L¡m−il ja¡ja, k¡
fËb−jC EÜ«a L−l¢Rz(1)
L−uLj¡p f−l 28−n j¡QÑ 1900 ü¡j£S£ −jl£ −qm−L Bl HL¢V ¢Q¢W−a ¢mM−me, gl¡p£
A¢id¡e j¤MÙÛ Ll¡l fË−Qø¡l Lb¡z HM¡−eJ gl¡p£ h¡LÉ¡w−nl hÉhq¡l L−l−Re ¢a¢ez I am sure to meet
her (Harriet Woolley nee Hale) over there and parler fransaise! [sic] I am getting by heart a
French dictionnaire!
6C H¢fËm 1900, ¢e−h¢ca¡−L −k ¢Q¢W−a gl¡p£−cl Su Ll¡l CrR¡ ¢a¢e hÉš² Ll−me, −pM¡−e
B−l¡ ¢mM−me: (4) Mrs. Leggett thinks I ought to immediately, and take up studying French.
nË£ja£ qÉ¡¾ph−l¡l (n¡¢¿¹) Øj«¢aQ¡lZ¡: LÉ¡¢m−g¡¢eÑu¡u (f¡p¡−Xe¡, p¡e é¡¢¾pp−L¡−a) Ahpl −f−m
ü¡j£S£ gl¡p£ fs−aez(35)
HC pju −b−LC, "gl¡p£−cl Su Ll¡l CrR¡'l f¡n¡f¡¢n ¢h−hL¡e¾c A¿¹−ll Ni£l −b−L Bl
HL X¡L öe−a f¡−rRe, "Ap£j Ae¿¹ n¡¢¿¹l f¡l¡h¡l fËaÉr Ll−Re', Hh¡l pjÙ¹ LjÑaÉ¡−Nl f¡m¡,
jq¡f¢l¢ehÑ¡−Zl mNÀ −ke H¢N−u B−p ; "ms¡C−u q¡l¢Sa c¤CC q−m¡, HMe ... −pC jq¡e j¤¢š²c¡a¡l
13
A−fr¡u k¡œ¡ L−l h−p B¢Rz Ah ¢nh f¡l L−l¡ −jl¡ e¡Cu¡......'z (36)
HC i¡h¢V fË¡u e−iðl 1899 −b−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W…¢m −b−L fËL¡n −f−a öl¦ L−l−Rz [B−N
E¢õ¢Ma] −jl£ −qm−L −mM¡ 28/3/1900'l ¢Q¢W−aJ B−Rz B−R S°eL B−j¢lL¡e hå¥−L −mM¡,
7/4/1900 J 12/4/1900 ¢Q¢Wc¤¢V−aJ HC ¢e−hÑc, HC "nˆlhlZjÚ' pæÉ¡pl¡−Nl f¢lQuz
A¿¹−ll BqÄ¡e Bl h¢q¢hÑ−nÄ L¡−Sl X¡L, HC c¤CHl j−dÉ aMe −c¡m¡uj¡e ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£
i¡o¡¢nr¡z
fÉ¡¢lp, BNØV, 1900
jS¡l Øj«¢aLb¡ hm−me ü¡j£S£:
S¡q¡−S ö−u B¢R ; pL¡m−hm¡ ; aM−e¡ −Q¡−M a¾cÊ¡l B−jS ; Hje pju
""é¡−¾p k¡¢rR
öe¢R
L¡−el L¡−R −L −ke hm−R
"hÉ¡Pjn¡−ul −h, hÉ¡Pjn¡−ul −hz' a¡lfl QjL i¡P¡−a E−W
h¤Tm¡j, pL¡m−hm¡ J−uV¡l ph k¡œ£l −L¢h−e d¡‚¡ j¡l−R Bl hm−R
"hÉ¡y jy¢n−u H −fË'
Nlj
(37)
Sm H−e¢R jn¡Cz''
j−e¡lj Lb¡! a¾cÊ¡l B−jS gl¡p£−L h¡Pm¡ L−l ¢cm! H −b−L A¿¹ax −h¡T¡ k¡−rR ¢h−hL¡e¾c
J−uV¡−ll Lb¡ −h¡T¡l ja gl¡p£ S¡e−aez H OVe¡ a−h HC pj−ulCz
1900 p¡−ml S¥m¡C j¡−p B−j¢lL¡ −b−L k¡œ¡ L−l 3l¡ BNØV ¢h−hL¡e¾c −f±yR−me é¡−¾pz HC
pj−uC ¢a¢e é¡−¾p ¢R−me ph−Q−u −h¢n¢ce fË¡u ¢ae j¡pz a¡C HC fkÑ¡u¢V HLV¥ M¤y¢V−u −cM−a q−hz
3l¡ BNØV −m q¡−ï h¾cl −b−L ü¡j£S£ −V¢mNË¡j f¡W¡−me nË£ja£ −m−NV−L, gl¡p£i¡o¡u HC
−V¢mNË¡g [‘ARRIVE A HUIT HRES ST.LAZARE= VIVEKANADA’] ü¡j£S£ ¢e−SC ¢m−M¢R−me
¢Le¡ S¡¢ee¡z (38)
BNØV j¡−p ü¡j£S£ f¢l¢QaS−e−cl p−‰ −c−M−Re fÉ¡¢l−pl ¢hnÄ fËcnÑe£, Bm¡f q−u−R gl¡p£
−c−nl e¡e¡ …Z£Se−cl p−‰, ky¡−cl A−e−LC gl¡p£ R¡s¡ AeÉ i¡o¡, ¢h−noax Cw−lS£ −aje S¡−ee e¡z
10C BNØV h¡ a¡l L−uL¢ce B−NC Bm¡f q−u−R −fÉl Cu¡p¡yv (Père Hyachinthe)Hl p¡−b,
B−m¡Qe¡ q−u−R A°àaašÄ ¢e−u ; 10C BNØV −fÉl Cu¡p¡yvHl X¡−u¢l−a −aje D¢‰az ¢Q¢W ¢m−M−Re
¢a¢e, AhnÉC gl¡p£i¡o¡u, f−s−Re a¡ ¢h−hL¡e¾c, p−¿¹¡oSeL Sh¡hJ ¢c−u−Re, −pJ ¢eÕQuC
gl¡p£−az(39)
24−n BNØV −m−NV−cl 6ew fÔ¡p −c −Sa¡v C¢el Nª−q ¢h−hL¡e¾c hš²«a¡, ¢hou: ¢q¾c¥ djÑ J
cnÑez [la religion et la philosophie des Hindous] (40) Bj¿»Zfœ R¡f¡ qm gl¡p£−a, gl¡p£ h¤¢ÜS£h£
¢hà‹e−cl Bj¿»Zz AeÉ¡eÉ−cl p−‰ −fÉl Cu¡p¡yv J S¥m −h¡Ju¡ Ef¢ÙÛa ¢R−me, Hy−cl Cw−lS£‘¡e
p¡j¡eÉz Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ L¢We eu, ¢h−hL¡e¾c i¡oZ ¢c−u−Re gl¡p£ i¡o¡−aC; k¢cJ −pC hš²«a¡l j¤¢âal©f
Bjl¡ f¡C ¢ez Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l HC hš²«a¡ d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−el fËÙ¹¥¢afhÑ h¡ ¢lq¡pÑÉ¡mz
¢h−hL¡e¾c Ae¤l¡¢Ne£ j¡¢LÑe N¡¢uL¡ nË£ja£ Hj¡ b¡pÑ¢h, ¢k¢e aMe fÉ¡¢l−p ¢hnÄfcË nÑe£ −cM−a
−N−Re, BNØV j¡−p ay¡l −h¡e Ce¡−L ¢Q¢W−a ¢m−M−Re, ü¡j£S£ ¢hnÄfËcnÑe£l Bp−lJ hš²«a¡ L−l¢R−mez
(41) nË£ja£ h¡LÑ AhnÉ H pwh¡c¢V B−l¡ a−bÉl p¡q¡−kÉ k¡Q¡C Ll−a BNËq£z HC hš²«a¡l i¡o¡J ¢L
gl¡p£ qJu¡ Apñh?
nˆl£fËp¡c hp¤¤l Ae¤j¡e, ü¡j£S£ HC hš²«a¡ L−le ""C¾V¡leÉ¡ne¡m AÉ¡−p¡¢p−une gl ¢c
14
AÉ¡Xi¡epÚ−j¾V Ah p¡−u¾p, BVÑp AÉ¡ä HX¥−Lne'' LaÑ«L B−u¡¢Sa pi¡u, k¡l AeÉaj pwNWL ¢R−me
fÉ¡¢VÊL −N−Xpz(42)
¢L¿¹¥ a¡ p−šÄJ ü¡j£S£ ¢e−h¢ca¡−L 28−n BNØV ¢Q¢W−a ¢m−M−Re: I am trying to learn French,
talking to — here.
−p−ÃVð−ll fËb−jC ¢h−hL¡e¾c EW−Re S¥m −h¡Ju¡l Bh¡−p, E−ŸnÉ, A¿¹ax ¢h−hL¡e¾c −kje
¢m−M−−Re, gl¡p£ i¡o¡u B−l¡ ürR¾c: "gÓ¥−u¾V' q−u JW¡z
1m¡ −p−ÃVðl ü¡j£ a¥l£u¡e¾c−L HMhl S¡¢e−u, ü¡j£S£ −pC ¢Q¢W−a B−l¡ ¢mM−me: I have
somewhat mastered the French language; but if I stay among the French for a month or two, I
shall be able to carry on conversation as well.
fÉ¡¢lp, d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjme, −p−ÃVðl, 1900
7C −p−ÃVðl, ü¡j£S£ −k¡N ¢c−me plÚ−h¡e ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−u d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−el ¢hi¡N£u
B−m¡Qe¡pi¡u pL¡−ml A¢d−hn−ez H¢V Sep¡d¡l−Zl SeÉ eu, −Lhm f¢™a−cl "HÉ¡L¡−X¢jL'
B−m¡Qe¡pi¡z ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£i¡o¡QQÑ¡l AeÉaj fËd¡e E−ŸnÉ HC 2O¾V¡l A¢d−hn−e AwnNËqZz a¡C
HC ¢hou¢V ¢hÙ¹«ai¡−h My¥¢V−u −cMa Q¡C¢Rz j§m p§œ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£l N−hoZ¡z
HC A¢d−hne Q−m pL¡m 9V¡ 15 −b−L −hm¡ p¡−s 11V¡ fkÑ¿¹ −p¡u¡ c¤ O¾V¡z pi¡f¢aaÆ L−le
j. −pe¡l (2u 5j ¢hi¡N£u AdÉr)z 6Se j§m hš²¡ ¢R−mez fË¢a hš²−hÉl −n−o B−m¡Qe¡ J pi¡f¢al
j¿¹hÉz
B−m¡Qe¡l ¢hou…¢m:
1) j. …Ù¹¡i Jf¡VÑ: n¡mNË¡jz [SUR LES SALAGRAMAS : pierres sacrées des aborigènes
de l’Inde, devenues emblèmes du dieu Vishnou] (Bj¡l L¡−R ……m −b−L X¡Ee−m¡X
Ll¡ q¡iÑ¡XÑ ¢X¢i¢e¢V ú¥−ml HÉ¡−ä¡i¡l q¡iÑ¡XÑ ¢bum¢SLÉ¡m m¡C−hË¢ll −k Actes du Premier
Congrès International d’Histoire des Religions hC¢Vl ¢X¢SV¡m L¢f B−R a¡−a HC
i¡oZ fË¡u 6f¡a¡z hm−a A¿¹ax 15 20 ¢j¢eV −a¡ m¡N−hC)z HC hš²hÉ ¢e−u B−m¡Qe¡
L−le j. cÉ …h¡eÑ¡¢ap, j. ¢pmiÉy¡ −m¢i J ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾cz −n−o pi¡f¢al hš²hÉz
2)
j. fm −l−e¡: G−NÄ−cl ehj j™m fËp−‰z [Remarques sur Le IXth. Manadala du
Rig-Veda] f¡W L−le j. ¢pmiÉy¡ −m¢iz (I hC−a fy¡Q f¡a¡)z
3) ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c: i¡la£u d−jÑl ¢hL¡nz
4) j. H. g¥−n ay¡l gl¡p£i¡o¡u fËL¡¢nahÉ i¡l−a −h±Ü j§¢aÑ¢n−Òfl f¤Ù−¹ Ll [Etude sur
l’Iconographie Bouddhique de l’Inde] ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ L−lez
5) j. ¢pmiyÉ¡ −m¢i a¡yl p¡ÇfË¢aL −ef¡m ïjZ J −ef¡−m −h±ÜdjÑ ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ L−lez
6) ph−n−o pi¡f¢al pj¡¢çp§QL B−m¡Qe¡z
¢h−hL¡e¾c H¢ce S¡jÑ¡e f¢™a …Ù¹¡i Jf¡−VÑl i¡o−Zl pj¡−m¡Qe¡ L−le, a¡ a¡vr¢ZL hš²«a¡,
Hlfl a¡yl ¢e−Sl ¢edÑ¡¢la i¡oZ "i¡la£u d−jÑ'l ¢ho−u, Hhw a¡l B−m¡Qe¡z ü¡j£S£ kb¡l£¢a, Abh¡
Ap¤¤ÙÛa¡l SeÉ −p i¡oZ¢V ¢m−M B−ee ¢e, g−m H¢VJ a¡vr¢ZL i¡oZ hm¡ −k−a f¡−lz
HC p§−œ ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c f¤´M¡e¤f¤´M ¢h−nÔoZ L−l−Re ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£ i¡o¡‘¡−elz (43)
15
−p¢c−el B−m¡Qe¡pi¡l ¢edÑ¡¢la c¤ O¾V¡l j−dÉ ph B−m¡Qe¡, Bl −pC p−‰ a¡l a¡vr¢ZL Ae¤h¡c
pñh ¢Rm e¡, HC ay¡l k¤¢š²¢pÜ jaz[S] k¢c d−lJ ¢eC Jf¡−VÑl j¤¢âa i¡oZ (gl¡p£ Abh¡ Cw−lS£−a)
fË¢a¢e¢d−cl j¡−T B−NC ¢halZ Ll¡ q−u¢Rm, (H Ae¤j¡e ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£ L−le ¢e), a¡q−mJ HLb¡
ü£L¡l Ll−a ¢àd¡ −eC, HC pi¡u ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c ay¡l gl¡p£ i¡o¡‘¡−el (somewhat mastered) k−bø
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£ h−m−Re, HC pjup£j¡u hš²hÉ J B−m¡Qe¡l fl, Ae¤h¡−cl pju f¡Ju¡ k¡u ¢L? (pi¡f¢al
pj¡¢çp§QL A¢ii¡oZ h¡c ¢c−mJ fË¢a hš²¡l ¢e−Sl i¡oZ J B−m¡Qe¡l SeÉ N−s hl¡Ÿ 27 ¢j¢eVz) ¢hi¡N£u pi¡l SeÉ
HLSe Bm¡c¡ Ae¤h¡cL l¡M¡l Ae¤j¡eJ ay¡l L¡−R NËqZ−k¡NÉ j−e qu ¢ez a¡q−m ü¡j£S£ ¢L i¡o¡u hm−me? −L¡−e¡
p¤¤¢e¢cÑø fËj¡Z −eCz [jeÈbe¡b N¡‰¥m£l hu¡−e, k¡ B−NC h−m¢R ¢eiÑl−k¡NÉ eu, ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl E¢š² Bl pwh¡cf−œl "S°eL
iâ−m¡−Ll j¤−M −n¡e¡' fË¢a−hce R¡s¡z]
Cw−lS£? q−a f¡−lz a¡C p−Çjm−el fË¢a−hce Bl E−à¡d−e f¡W¡−e¡ ü¡j£S£l fË¢a−hc−e ay¡l hš²−hÉ f¡bÑLÉz
¢L¿¹¥ ph −nË¡a¡l¡ ¢L Cw−lS£ h¤T−he? [Jf¡VÑ S¡e−ae, ¢m−M−Re ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c ; −m¢i, ¢k¢e flhaÑ£L¡−m ¢hnÄi¡la£−a
AdÉ¡fe¡ L−l−Re, S¡e−aez h¡¢Ll¡?] HC dy¡d¡l Lb¡ ¢m−M−Re ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cz
3l¡ S¥m¡C Indian Minor [sic]H Hhw a¡−L EÜ«a L−l 8C S¥m¡C 1900, Indian spectatorH ü¡j£S£
d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−e gl¡p£i¡o¡u hš²hÉ EfÙÛ¡fe¡ Ll−he Hje pwh¡c fËL¡¢na q−u¢Rmz [N.D. Vol 6,fª: 343z]
pwh¡cj¡dÉ−j H abÉ ¢eÕQuC ü¡j£S£l O¢eù jqm −b−LC pwNªq£a q−u¢Rmz −p−r−œ ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£−a hm¡l pñhe¡C
−h¢nz
−jl£ m¤Cp h¡LÑJ ¢e¢ÕQa ee, ¢WL −L¡e i¡o¡u ü¡j£S£ HC hš²hÉ −l−M¢R−mez [N.D. Vol 6,fª: 343z]
k¢c ph B−m¡Qe¡ gl¡p£−a q−u b¡−L, a−h ¢h−hL¡e¾c ö−e a¡ pjÉL h¤−T−Re, B−m¡Qe¡u Awn ¢e−u−Rez
aaV¡ gl¡p£ i¡o¡‘¡e ¢L aa¢c−e ASÑe L−l−Re ¢a¢e?
Bl HL¢V fËnÀz ¢h−hL¡e¾c −Le ¢m¢Ma hš²hÉ h−me ¢e? E−à¡d−e f¡W¡−e¡ fË¢a−hc−e, k¡ "f¡¢l fËcnÑe£' e¡−j
"i¡hh¡l Lb¡'u fËL¡¢na, ¢a¢e h−m−Re, "n¡l£¢lL fËhm Ap¤¤ÙÛa¡¢ehåe'z ¢L¿¹¥ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl A¢dL¡wn hš²«a¡C B−N −b−L
−mM¡ euz E−õM−k¡NÉ hÉ¢aœ²j ¢nL¡−N¡ djÑjq¡p−Çjm−e "¢q¾c¥djÑ' hš²«a¡z Hh¡l ¢h−hL¡e¾c fËcnÑe£ −cM−me, Ha ¢Q¢W
¢mM−me, HaS−el p−‰ −cM¡ Ll−me, −m−NV−cl h¡¢s−a fË¡u ¢eaÉ e¡e¡…Z£Se pj¡−h−n −k¡Nc¡e, Ap¤¤ÙÛ nl£−l (f¡¢VÑ flh,
−j¡rRh hm¡ E¢Qa q−h ¢L? ¢h−hL¡e¾c q¡y¢g−u J−We ¢e?) Bl ¢m¢Ma i¡oZ fËÙ¹¥a Ll−a f¡l−me e¡?
¢h−hL¡e¾c S¡e−ae, HC f¢äapi¡l Efk¤š² f¡¢äaÉf§ZÑ fËhå ¢mM−a −N−m Q¡C AhL¡n (−L¡b¡u ¢jm−h a¡?),
n¡¿¹ q−u hp¡l f¢l−hn, Bl "−lg¡−l−¾pl' SeÉ ¢LR¥ hCfœ (a¡J A¢jm B−j¢lL¡u)z
−pSeÉ 2l¡ j¡QÑ 1900, nË£ja£ jÉ¡Lm¡EX−L ¢Q¢W−a HLlLj S¡¢e−uC ¢c−rRe ¢m¢Ma fËhåf¡W pñh eu:
But it seems impossible to write any decent paper on the subject we chose. Because if I have to lecture and
make money, very little time will be left for anything else. Again, I cannot find any books (Sanskrit) here. So let me
try to make a little money if I can and go to France all the
same, but send them no paper. No scholarly work
can be done in this haphazard and hurried fashion. It means time and study. Letter to Joe, 2/3/00, CW 9, CLXIII
16
cra¡l ü¡rl −l−M¢R−mez
d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−e ky¡−cl p−‰ HLj−’
j. H¢jm −pe¡l (pi¡f¢a)
j. ¢pmiÉy¡ −m¢i
j. …Ù¹¡i Jf¡VÑ
j. H. g¥−n
17
fÉ¡¢lp, BNØV A−ƒ¡hl, 1900, AeÉ¡eÉ
−p−ÃVðl j¡−p ¢h−hL¡e¾c B−l¡ A−eL gl¡p£ …Z£S−el p−‰ −cM¡ L−l−Re, Bm¡f B−m¡Qe¡
L−l−Re, −kje −l¡cÉ¡y, h¡ HÉ¡mh¡VÑ¡ ØV¡¢SÑ−pl 10C −p−ÃVðl ¢jp jÉ¡LÚm¡EX−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W−a "Ae¡j¡' HL
gl¡p£ ¢nÒf£, aMe al¦Z ¢lnmÉ¥'l 8j ¢XEL, Abh¡ Hj¡ L¡m−il A¢a¢b q−u f§hÑ CE−l¡f ïj−Zl
f¢lLÒfe¡z HCph Bm¡f B−m¡Qe¡l A¢dL¡w−nlC j¡dÉj ¢Rm gl¡p£, a¡ hm¡ h¡ýmÉz
BNØV −p−ÃVðl j¡−pC ¢h−hL¡e¾c −c−M−Re Hj¡ L¡m−i'l A−fl¡ "L¡l−je', p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡XÑ
A¢ie£a e¡VL "−mNmy' qÉ¡y, Hc¤¢VC gl¡p£−aC A¢ie£a J N£az
ah¤J −ke k−bø qu e¡ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£ i¡o¡¢nr¡z HÉ¡mh¡VÑ¡ ØV¡¢SÑ−pl I 10C −p−ÃVð−ll
¢jp jÉ¡LÚm¡EX−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W−aC −c¢M H ¢ho−u c¤ lL−jl Lb¡ (44): Just in the spirit of French tongue
and mind…… l¢h−nMl −pe…−çl Ae¤h¡−c "i¡o¡ −nM¡−aJ −hn lç q−u −N−Rez' (45) a¡lfl L−uL
m¡Ce f−lC: Now he won’t be able to learn French.
¢hï¡¢¿¹Ll ¢exp−¾c−q! a−h ¢L H −r−œ i¡o¡¢nr¡l ¢h¢iæ Ù¹−ll cra¡l Lb¡ i¡hh, [−kLb¡
B−N B−m¡Qe¡ L−l¢R]?
15C −p−ÃVðl ü¡j£S£ ¢pØV¡l ¢œ²¢ÕQe−L ¢Q¢W−a ¢mM−Re: I have to trot out my jargon French
and am succeeding well, he says. I can now understand if he (Bois) will talk slowly.
H ¢Q¢W−aJ ¢a¢e A−eL gl¡p£ h¡LÉ¡wn hÉhq¡l L−l−Re, −ke flhaÑ£ L¡−m gl¡p£−a f¤−l¡ ¢Q¢W
−mM¡l fËÙ¹¢a ¢e−rRez ¢LR¥ Ec¡qlZ: après cet [after that], connaissez vous [do you know]?
grammaire.
−p−ÃVð−ll a«a£u pç¡−q (Hhw A−ƒ¡h−ll j¡T¡j¡¢TJ L−uL¢ce) ü¡j£S£ S¥m −h¡Ju¡−L ¢e−u
nË£ja£ h¤−ml L¡−R −N−me ¢hËV¡e£ fË−c−nl HL −R¡– NË¡j "−f−l¡ N£−l'−az HC pj−ul fË¢a−h¢ne£, j¡c¡j
mÉj¤l fË¡u 6 cnL f−l ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e−¾cl L¡−R Øj«¢aQ¡lZ Ll−a ¢N−u S¡e¡−rRe, ü¡j£S£ gl¡p£
hm−ae (ü¡j£S£l p−‰ ay¡l ¢LR¥ iâa¡p§QL pñ¡oZ Bl j¡j¤¢m ¢LR¥ Lb¡ q−u b¡L−h) "j¾c eu, a−h
Bj¡−cl j−a¡ euz'(46) Ha¢ce f−ll HC Øj«¢a LaV¡ ¢eiÑl−k¡NÉ −L S¡−e!
18
8C A−ƒ¡hl[T] S¥m −h¡Ju¡ S°eL j¡c−j¡u¡−Sm−L (é¡−¾pp −m−N−Vl j−a ¢jp jÉ¡Lm¡EX−L /
E−à¡de fËL¡¢na ü¡j£S£l fœ¡hm£l [2013] j−a Hj¡ L¡m−i) HL¢V ¢Q¢W −m−Me, a¡l −no¡w−n ü¡j£S£
AÒf ¢LR¥ ¢m−M−Re, "Cw−lS£ −Oyo¡' gl¡p£−az ü¡j£S£l ¢e−Sl Lb¡u, HV¡ ay¡l gl¡p£−a ¢Q¢W −mM¡l fËbj
fË−Qø¡z (¢Q¢W¢V 1949 p¡−ml S¥m¡C j¡−p fËh¤Ü i¡l−a fËL¡¢naz)(47)
14C A−ƒ¡hl ü¡j£S£ ¢pØV¡l ¢œ²¢ÕQe−L BÙ¹ HLM¡e¡ Q¡l f¡a¡ −S¡s¡ ¢Q¢WC ¢m−M −gm−me gl¡p£−az
−hn kaÀ L−l −mM¡, qua B−N HL¢V Mps¡ L−l ¢e−u¢R−me ü¡j£S£z HM¡−e é¡−¾p f¤el¡u H−p L¡−Sl
CrR¡, ¢L¿¹¥ −Mc "H hu−p HLV¡ e§ae i¡o¡ −nM¡l j−a¡ pju h¡ n¢š² Bl −eCz' a¡C −c¡i¡o£l p¡q¡kÉ
¢e−u é¡−¾p Cw−lS£−aC fËQ¡l Ll−a Q¡e ¢a¢ez (¢œ²¢ÕQe−L ¢L −p L¡−S Q¡e?) B−l¡ ¢mM−Re ¢a¢e "HC
i¡o¡u (gl¡p£ i¡o¡u) i¡h¡−hN fËL¡n Ll¡l j−a¡ rja¡ Bj¡l −eCz ¢L¿¹¥ B−hN−L −L¡eÚ i¡o¡C h¡
kb¡kbi¡−h fËL¡n Ll−a f¡−l?'(48) fœlQe¡u ¢a¢e ¢L L¡l¦l p¡q¡kÉ ¢e−u¢R−me, −kje S¥m −h¡Ju¡?
HC pju S¥m −h¡Ju¡ ü¡j£¢Sl ¢LR¥ f¤¢Ù¹L¡ gl¡p£−a Ae¤h¡c L−l−Rez (I ¢Q¢W)z ü¡j£S£ p¡q¡kÉ
L−l−Re ¢eÕQuCz
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£ −mM¡l f¡lc¢nÑa¡ ¢hQ¡l Ll−a −N−m ¢pØV¡l ¢œ²¢ÕQe−L −mM¡ 14C
A−ƒ¡h−ll HC ¢Q¢W¢¢VC Bj¡−cl fËd¡e Ahmðez
H−a B−R −R¡−V¡ −R¡−V¡ plm h¡LÉ, −eC Amˆ¡lh¡ýmÉ, ¢L¿¹¥ B−R L−uL¢V p¤¾¤ cl Efj¡ J
l©fLz ph ¢j¢m−u −ke nlv fËi¡−al HL¢V n¡¿¹, ö¢Q¢pÀ‡, ¢ejÑm, fËpæ ¢Qš dl¡ −cuz ü¡j£S£ S¡¢e−u−Re
¢LR¥ pwh¡c, −kje Bpæ f§hÑ CE−l¡f pg−ll Lb¡, h¡ S¥m −h¡Ju¡l Bh¡−p b¡L¡l Lb¡, B−R ¢LR¥
i¢hoÉv f¢lLÒfe¡l Lb¡, q¡ó¡ BaÈ¢lq¡p, Bl B−R HL flj S£hel¢p−Ll [U] "BaÈ¡l¡j' p¿¹¢¥ ø−a
j¢™a n¡¿¹l−pl Ae¤fj −p±¾ckÑ k¡l a¥me¡ qua ¢jm−h, ü¡j£S£lC 18C H¢fËm 1900 ¢jp jÉ¡Lm¡EX−L
−mM¡ ¢Q¢W−a, [nˆl£fËp¡c hp¤¤l j−a −k¢V n¡¿¹l−pl p¡¢q−aÉl AeÉaj −nËù Ec¡qlZ] Abh¡, ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥
lh£¾cÊp‰£−al Lb¡l ["l©fp¡N−l X¥h ¢c−u¢R'V h¡ "k¡h¡l ¢c−e HC Lb¡¢V h−m −ke k¡C'] p−‰z
""..."N¡−Rl n¡M¡u O¤j¿¹ f¡¢M l¡a −f¡q¡−m −kje −S−N E−W N¡e L−l' Bl E−s k¡u Ni£l
e£m¡L¡−n, ¢WL −aj¢ei¡−hC Bj¡l S£h−el −noz
S£h−e A−eL L¢We AhÙÛ¡l j−dÉ f−s¢R, ¢hl¡V p¡gmÉJ −f−u¢R LMeJ LMeJ, ¢L¿¹¥ HCph h¡d¡
J −hce¡ j§mÉq£e q−u −N−R Bj¡l −no fË¡¢çl L¡−R
B¢j −f−u ¢N−u¢R Bj¡l mrÉ−L ; B¢j −k
j¤š²¡l på¡−e S£hepj¤−â X¥h ¢c−u¢Rm¡j, a¡ a¥−m Be−a −f−l¢Rz Bj¡l f¤lú¡l B¢j −f−u¢R, B¢j
Be¢¾caz...''[W]
d
HC ¢Q¢W¢V−a −L¡−e¡ a¡¢lM −eC, −h¡Ju¡ ¢m−M−Re −p¡jh¡l, A−ƒ¡hl 1900, ü¡j£S£ öd¤ A−ƒ¡hl 1900z ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£l
k¤¢š²¢pÜ Ae¤j¡e 8C A−ƒ¡hlz
e
Z
j−e f−s k¡u A−‘uh¡c£ lh¡VÑ C‰¡l−p¡−ml p−‰ A°àah¡c£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl S£hel−pl Ae¤ih ¢e−u L−b¡fLbez
‘I have found the pearl for which I dived into the ocean of life.’ – Vivekananda’s letter.
‘I dive down into the depth of the ocean of forms, hoping to gain the perfect pearl of the
formless.’ GITANJALI (Song Offerings) Rabindranath pg 41.
q
ü¡j£S£l qÙ¹¢m¢f−a j§m gl¡p£ ¢Q¢W¢V B−R V.E. −a, fª: 283 286z j§m gl¡p£−a:
19
A−ƒ¡hl e−iðl 1900, f§hÑ CE−l¡f, ¢jnl ïjZ
顾p −b−L ü¡j£S£ ¢hc¡u ¢e−me 24−n A−ƒ¡hl, k¡−he f§hÑ CE−l¡−f j¡c−j¡u¡−Sm L¡m−il
B¢a¢b q−u; p‰£ S¥m −h¡Ju¡, ¢jp jÉ¡Lm¡EX, Bl −fÉl Cu¡py¡v J ay¡l faÀ£ HLC −VÊ−el k¡œ£z
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl ¢e−SlC ü£L«¢aj−a Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ ph q−rR gl¡p£−aCz[X]
Bl a¡ p¡d¡lZ −L¡−e¡ Lb¡ euz −fÉl Cu¡p¡yvHl p−‰ ¢h−hL¡e¾c B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−Re h¡C−hm, MË£¢ØVu
djÑašÄ Bl MË£ØVd−jÑl fË¡Q£e C¢aq¡p, aÉ¡N J °hl¡−NÉl h¡Z£, VmØV−ul Lb¡ ¢e−u, Bh¡l AeÉ¢c−L
öe−Re f¡â£ Nª¢qe£l "T¡yS'z HC pj−uC ¢a¢e L¡m−i−L "−R¡−V¡ −R¡−V¡ f¡Wœ²j L−l' cnÑe n¡Ù» ¢nr¡
¢c−u−Re, hÉ¡MÉ¡ L−l−Re fË¡Q£e ¢jn−ll djÑ, fË¡Q£e NË£−pl Lb¡, Hm¤¢pp lqpÉ ; L¡m−i X¡−u¢l−a ¢m−M
−l−M−Re ü¡j£S£l h¡Z£, ¢a¢e a¡ ü¡j£S£l j¤−MC a¡ ö−e−Re ¢eÕQu ; L¡m−i−L ü¡j£S£ ¢n¢M−u¢R−me
fË¡Z¡u¡j H ph gl¡p£i¡o¡−aCz(49) [gl¡p£−a B−m¡Qe¡l a¡¢mL¡ âøhÉ]
f¤hÑ CE−l¡f ïj−Zl fËb−jC ay¡l¡ ¢N−u−Re a¥l−úz −pM¡−eJ −fÉl Cu¡p¡yvHl p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡
q−u−Rz ú¥V¡¢l−a (Bd¤¢eL Eú¥cl) B−j¢lL¡e L−mS gl cÉ N¡mÑÚpÚ Hl QÉ¡−f−m 2l¡ e−iðl −fÉl
Cu¡py¡v J S¥m −h¡Ju¡l p−‰ i¡oZ ¢c−u−Re "¢ae c¡nÑ¢eL: L¡mÑ¡Cm, Hj¡pÑe J e£VÚ−n' pð−å, HM¡−eJ
i¡o¡ M¤h pñhax gl¡p£C, k¤¢š² ¢c−u h¤¢T−u−Re ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cz(50)
L¾ØVÉ¡¢¾V−e¡f−m ü¡j£S£ fËL¡nÉ hš²«a¡ pñh qu ¢e, ¢LR¥ (3¢V?) O−l¡u¡ pi¡u B−m¡Qe¡
(51)
q−u−Rz
flhaÑ£L¡−m "C¢äu¡e ¢jl−l' (12C ¢X−pðl 1900) HL fË¢a−hc−e 顾p J L¾ØVÉ¡¢¾V−e¡f−m
ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£−a i¡oZ −ch¡l Lb¡ fËL¡¢na q−u−Rz(52,10)
14C S¥e 1901 p¡−m ¢jp jÉ¡Lm¡EX−L −mM¡ f−œ ü¡j£S£ Bh¡l hÉhq¡l Ll−me ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥
gl¡p£ Lb¡, Cw−lS£ gl¡p£l ¢jnË−Z Afl©f a¡, (Write particular s’il vous plait.; then he took ship et
bon voyage.; glorie et honneur await you) Bl HL¢V pÇf¨ZÑ h¡LÉ (bien, Mademoiselle, vous êtes
use puissante magicienne, sans doute.) [J−q j¡cÚ−j¡u¡−Sm, c¡l¦Z! a¥¢j −k HL f¡‚¡ k¡c¤Ll£ a¡−a
p−¾cq −eC]!
j¡c−j¡u¡−Sm L¡m−il ¢fa¡l jªaÉ¥−a pj−hce¡ S¡¢e−u ü¡j£S£ (15C −j 1902) HL¢V ¢Q¢W
¢mM−me, a¡ ¢jp jÉ¡Lm¡EX−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢Wl p−‰ f¡W¡−mez H ¢Q¢W Cw−lS£−aC −mM¡, a¡C qua pl¡p¢l
f¡W¡e ¢ez ¢h−hL¡e¾c ¢L Ha¢c−e gl¡p£ −mM¡u Bh¡l AeiÉÙ¹ q−u f−s−Re?
__________________
Bengali Association of Greater Chicago
# XU Q R R
s U
tK T#R
u #
"Comme les oiseaux qui ont dormi dans les branches d'un arbre jusqu'à sillage, chantant quand l'aube
viendra, et montez dans le ciel d'un bleu profond, est donc la fin de ma vie.
J'ai eu beaucoup de difficultés, et aussi de très grands succès. Mais toutes mes difficultés et les
souffrances ne comptent pour rien, comme je l'ai réussi. J'ai atteint mon but. J'ai trouvé la perle pour
laquelle je me suis plongé dans l'océan de la vie. J'ai été récompensé. Je suis heureux."
v
"......L¡−SC −L¡e lLj L'−l Bj¡u LC−a q−rQ gl¡p£ Hhw öe−a q−rQ gl¡p£z' [f¢lhË¡SL, h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6/123,
1379pw]
20
w# A [LILxy
KLXT =Z
] zO L { K &
@L~$ #L L? c
%
&MRX ‚ KI U | &LKT` @ ƒ
?L
&L
KLK# {; U
; B„ U a $XR;
=Z
U$
U|
IL
U # L?
LŠ @Lq
XJ IU CL
I P b B# P a
KdLU CLK Q R R ‡ˆ ˆ RA KTLA
U W• `# O K LM B„ U LM BK ˆ& • #
‘The Many Facets of Vivekananda’
• I K€L
JL
&MRX L‚
A K•
RLUc B„ U
#JL_LI
OI…† JL
BM S TR CLA U |
A
# bL
#Z
IS A
R ‡L c B„ U LM
Lˆ•
K‹K• E IRLU O K M # LU
b Œ KIc
; B $#a B# L
A, UW# R
UP•I• w @L~$ #L
I Ž U#U
U E IRS T • L
c =Z Z IU• CL
•K• # &LKT` L#a E IR S T A
M•U O
#L ?L
c
A−ƒ¡hl e−iðl 1900, f§hÑ CE−l¡f, ¢jnl ïjZ: gl¡p£−a B−m¡Qe¡l a¡¢mL¡
ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£l N−hoZ¡ Ae¤k¡u£ −fÉl Cu¡py¡−al X¡−u¢l, Hj¡ L¡m−il BaÈS£he£, J AfËL¡¢na
X¡−u¢l −b−L HC pju ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl −k ph hý¢h¢Qœ ¢ho−u Bm¡fQ¡¢la¡l Mhl f¡Ju¡ k¡u, a¡ −b−L
LbÉ gl¡p£i¡o¡ ü¡j£S£ LaV¡ S¡e−ae h¡ h¤T−a J hm−a f¡l−ae, a¡l f¢lQu ¢jm−h:
−fÉl Cu¡p¡y−al X¡−u¢l:
X¡−u¢ll a¡¢lM
27/10/1900
31/10/1900
1/11/1900
3/11/1900
B−m¡Qe¡l ¢hou
S¡¢apj§−ql pjeÄu, p¡hÑSe£e djÑ, i¢hoÉv fª¢bh£
f¡ÕQ¡aÉh¡p£−cl AbÑ−j¡q
cm¡C m¡j¡ −Q¢‰p LÅ¡−el …l¦, djÑ¢h−l¡d −jV¡−a −fÉl Cu¡py¡−al c¡¢uaÆ
i¡l−al djÑ J pj¡S
V.E.fªù¡
149
150/152
152
154
flhaÑ£L¡−m 27/4/1904 −fÉl Cu¡py¡−al X¡u¢l−a: ¢h−hL¡e¾c h−m¢R−me ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ j¡e¤−ol SeÉ
j§¢aÑf§S¡ °hdz V.E., pg. 145.
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl f¢lhË¡S−L −fÉl Cu¡py¡−al p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡l ¢hou: [h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 1379]
aÉ¡N °hl¡NÉ (fªù¡ 122)
B−j¢lL¡e L−mS (fªù¡ 140)
Hj¡ L¡m−il BaÈS£he£ J X¡−u¢l:
• ¢h−hL¡e¾c fËZ¡u¡j J j¿» ¢n¢M−u−Re, [V.E., pg 264] "Ap−a¡ j¡ pcÚNju' −L Ae¤h¡c L−l
¢c−u¢R−me L¡m−i−L?
• "−R¡−V¡ −R¡−V¡ f¡Wœ²j L−l' cnÑe n¡Ù» ¢nr¡z V.E., pg 266
• ¢h¢iæ fË¡Q£e djÑi¡he¡u "p¡f' (f¢lhË¡S−L ¢h−hL¡e¾c ¢m−M−Re Bd¤¢eL d−jÑl AiÉ¿¹−l e¡Nf§S¡l
21
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ù¹l, [h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 1379, fªù¡ 138] V.E., pg 268
Hm¤¢pp lqpÉz V.E., pg 267
fË¢a OVe¡l fËp−‰ ¢q¾c¥ f¤l¡ZLb¡ EÜ«¢a, L¡¢qe£z Ni£l cnÑez V.E., pg 274-5
¢Qš¡LoÑL NÒf hm¡u ALÓ¡¿¹z V.E., pg 275
jS¡, W¡–¡ a¡j¡p¡, q¡¢Sl Sh¡hz V.E., pg 275
Ni£l cnÑe, J ašÄz V.E., pg 275
k£ö J h¡C−h−ml Lb¡z V.E., pg 275
−fËlZ¡c¡uL BdÉ¡¢aÈL h¡Z£z V.E., pg 275-6
f¤eSÑeÈ,"−R¡−V¡ B¢j'l °h¢nøÉ, pj¤−â hª¢ø¢h¾c¥f¡−al NÒfz Rem. Pg. 176
"¢h‘¡e, cnÑe, C¢aq¡p ü¡j£l −L¡−e¡¢LR¥C AS¡e¡ eu!' Rem. Pg. 176
MË£ØVd−jÑl C¢aq¡−pl My¥¢Ve¡¢Vz Rem. Pg. 176
−l¡j¡y −l¡mÉ¡yl X¡−u¢l−a Hj¡ L¡m−il Øj«¢aQ¡lZ¡ −b−L −fÉl Cu¡py¡−al p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡:
VmØV−ul djÑ¢Q¿¹¡ J "−lS¡−lLne'z V.E., pg 258
a¡¢mL¡
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl −mM¡ gl¡p£ ¢Q¢W
ew
a¡¢lM
1z 1891
lQe¡l ÙÛ¡e
E¢Ÿø hÉ¢š²
−f¡lh¾cl
…l¦i¡Cl¡
2z 8z10z1900
fÉ¡¢lp, S¥m
−h¡Ju¡l Nªq
3z 14z10z1900
j¡c−j¡u¡−Sm
[nË£ja£
jÉ¡Lm¡EX /
Hj¡ L¡m−i]
j¿¹hÉ
Evp
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c
S¥m −h¡Ju¡l ¢Q¢Wl
p−‰ ü¡j£S£l
pw−k¡Se, ay¡l j−a
gl¡p£−a ¢Q¢W −mM¡l
fËbj fË−Qø¡z
fœ¡hm£,
i¢Ne£ ¢œ²¢ÕQe
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl pñ¡hÉ gl¡p£ i¡o−Zl a¡¢mL¡
ew
1
2
a¡¢lM
ÙÛ¡e
BNØV
¢hnÄ−jm¡
1900
24z8z1900 6 fÔ¡p −c
−Sa¡v
C¢e,
−m−NV−cl
i¡s¡
nql
fÉ¡¢lp
EfmrÉ
¢hou
?
?
¢q¾c¥ djÑ J
cnÑe
Evp
j¿¹hÉ
ND
VI 330-1
Hj¡ b¡pÑ¢hl
−mM¡ fœ
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c é¡−¾pl
…¢ZSepj¡−S
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl
fËbj fËL¡nÉ
f¢lQu
22
−eJu¡ h¡¢s
3
4
5
n¡mNË¡j:
Jf¡−VÑl
d−jÑ¢aq¡p
hš²−hÉl
plÚ−h¡e
p−Çjme
7z9z1900
pj¡−m¡Qe¡
¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡mu
¢hi¡N£u
¢q¾c¥d−jÑl
B−m¡Qe¡pi¡
¢hL¡n J
QQѡfܢa
2z11z1900 B−j¢lL¡e ú¥V¡¢l
¢ae c¡nÑ¢eL:
L−mS gl (Eú¥cl)
L¡mÑ¡Cm,
N¡mÑÚpÚ
a¥lú
Hj¡pÑe,
e£VÚ−n
f¡¢l
fËcnÑe£,
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c
Hj¡
L¡m−il
AfËL¡¢na
X¡−u¢l
−fÉl Cu¡py¡v
J −h¡Ju¡l
p−‰
VE 266
¢h−nÔoZ: gl¡p£i¡o¡ cra¡l Ù¹l¢heÉ¡p J ü¡j£S£l j¡e
Ha ph ¢h¢iæi¡−hl ¢hï¡¢¿¹Ll abÉ −b−L ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢LR¥ qm ¢L? HCph OVe¡hm£ J abÉ −b−L
k¡−h ¢L ¢eZÑu Ll¡ ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡u cra¡ h¡ KvL−oÑl j¡e?
ü¡j£S£ 1891 p¡−m gl¡p£ −n−Me, ¢L¿¹¥ QQÑ¡ J AeiÉ¡−pl g−m A−eLV¡C i¥−m k¡ez ¢L¿¹¥
H−Lh¡−l i¥m−a e¡ Q¡C−m pÇf¨ZÑ −i¡m¡ pñh eu, ¢h−no L−l ü¡j£S£l j−a¡ a£rÁd£ J fËhm Øj«¢adl
j¡e¤−olz f¤el¡u ¢nM−a b¡−Le ¢a¢e 1895 −b−L, ¢L¿¹¥ −p pju ay¡l gl¡p£ i¡o¡cra¡l M¤h fË−u¡Se
f−s¢ez ah¤J j¡−T j¡−T i¡−hl −S¡u¡l H−p−R gl¡p£−aC, −R¡– −R¡– L−l ¢Q¢W−a g¥−V−R gl¡p£
h¡LÉhåz
1899 −b−L ¢a¢e f¤el¡u QQÑ¡ öl¦ L−le, fËb−j gl¡p£ fs−a (k¡−a Af−ll p¡q¡kÉ Lj clL¡l
qu), a¡lfl hm¡, Ae¤h¡c, −h¡T¡ Bl ph−n−o −mM¡uz
−kV¥L¥ abÉ −f−u¢R, a¡ −b−L −h¡T¡ k¡−rR 1900 p¡−m é¡−¾p b¡L¡L¡m£e ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£
i¡o¡‘¡e−L Hk¤−Nl "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning,
Teaching, Assessment (CEFR)'Hl j¡e Ae¤k¡u£ " B: Independent User' Ù¹l−nËZ£l " B2: Vantage
or upper intermediate' Ù¹l hm−a f¡¢lz[53]
HC Ù¹−ll °h¢nøÉ:
i¡o¡ −h¡T¡: ¢e−Sl ¢h−no‘a¡l −rœpq [ü¡j£S£l −r−œ djÑ, cnÑe−L ay¡l ¢h−no‘a¡l
−rœ hm−a f¡¢l, C¢aq¡p−L hm¡ k¡−h ¢L? j−e l¡M−a q−h d−jÑ¢aq¡p p−Çjm−e ¢a¢e
23
Bj¿»Z −f−u¢R−me HC ¢ho−ul ¢h−no‘ ¢q−p−hC, AeÉ¡eÉ "fË¢aù¡e ü£L«a' ¢h−no‘−cl
f¡n¡f¡¢nC] p¤¤¢e¢cÑø Hhw ¢hj§aÑ [ü¡j£S£l ¢h−no‘a¡l −rœC −a¡ ¢hj§aÑ] Eiu ¢ho−uC
S¢Vm lQe¡ f−s A¿¹ax j§mLb¡ d¡lZ¡ Ll¡l rja¡z
i¡o¡ hm¡: hš²¡ Hhw −nË¡a¡ Eiuf−rlC k¡−a M¤h −h¢n h¤T−a −hN −f−a e¡ qu, Hje
ü¡rR¾cÉ J üaxØg¨aÑa¡l p−‰ gl¡p£i¡o£−cl p−‰ ¢eu¢ja B−m¡Qe¡z
i¡o¡u lQe¡ cra¡: ¢h¢iæ ¢ho−u p¤¤Øfø J ¢hÙ¹«a lQe¡ Ll¡, −L¡−e¡ ¢e¢cÑø ¢ho−ul e¡e¡
¢hL−Òfl p¤¤¢hd¡ Ap¤¤¢hd¡ h¤¢T−u −mM¡l rja¡z
B−l¡ p§rÈi¡−h hm−m, j¡p−f−l¡l −mM¡ C¢aq¡p j§m gl¡p£−a fs¡ Hhw Ae¤h¡c cra¡l SeÉ
i¡o¡ −h¡T¡ J hm¡l −r−œ ay¡l Ù¹l−L Bl HLV¥ Eæa "C: Proficient User' Ù¹l−nËZ£l "C1: Effective
Operational Proficiency or advanced'Ù¹l hm−a f¡¢l, Hhw −mM¡, k¡l f¢lj¡Z A¢a AÒf, k¡ −b−L
¢LR¥ j¿¹hÉ Ll¡ Ae¤¢Qa, ah¤J fË¡ç abÉ −b−L a¡−L " B1: Threshold or intermediate'Ù¹−l l¡M¡ −k−a
f¡−lz
HC c¤¢V Ù¹−ll °h¢nøÉ: C1: Effective Operational Proficiency or advanced
i¡o¡ −h¡T¡: ¢h¢iæ ¢h¢Qœ ¢ho−u ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¡W L−l a¡l A¿¹¢eÑ¢qa AbÑ h¤T−a f¡l¡l
rja¡z
i¡o¡ hm¡: Ah¡d (−L¡−e¡ Efk¤š² në h¡ h¡LÉh−ål SeÉ h¡d¡ e¡ −f−u), ürR¾c J
üaxØg¨aÑ i¡hfËL¡−nl rja¡ ; −fn¡c¡l£, HL¡−X¢jL h¡ p¡j¡¢SL ¢ho−u eje£u J
L¡kÑLli¡−h i¡o¡hÉhq¡lz
−mM¡ " B1 Threshold or intermediate'Ù¹l: f¢l¢Qa h¡ hÉ¢š²Na BNË−ql ¢ho−u pqS
lQe¡ ; OVe¡, hÉ¢š²Na A¢i‘a¡, üfÀ, Bn¡ BL¡´r¡ hZÑe¡ Ll−a f¡−le, f¢lLÒfe¡ h¡
ja¡ja pð−å pw−r−f L¡lZ ¢mM−a h¡ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a f¡−lez
Bh¡l hm¢R ü¡j£S£l j¡œ c¤¢V ¢Q¢W, k¡l HL¢V Bh¡l L−uL Rœ j¡œ, a¡−cl Jfl ¢i¢š L−l
ay¡l gl¡p£ lQe¡ cra¡l ¢h−nÔoZ Ll¡ q−rRz c¤¢V Ù¹l "¢h1' J "¢h 2' Hl ¢hhlZ f−s j−e q−rR e¡ ¢L
ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£ lQe¡l üÒfa¡l S−eÉC ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£l −mM¡u ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£ lQe¡ cra¡−L
"promising beginner' BMÉ¡ −cJu¡ q−u−R?
Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) HC Ù¹l…¢m−L kb¡œ²−j 2 (¢h1), 3
(¢h2) J 4 (¢p1) h−m p§¢Qa L−l−Rez[54]
"B−j¢lL¡e NËÉ¡S¥−uV ú¥m Ce fÉ¡¢lp'Hl gl¡p£i¡o¡cra¡l Ù¹l¢heÉ¡p Ae¤k¡u£ E−f−ll "¢h1' Ù¹l
"jdÉj' "Intermediate', "¢h2' Ù¹l "ANËpl' "Advanced' J "¢p1' Ù¹l "ErQal' "Superior'
−nËZ£i¥š²z[55]
L¡e¡X¡l ¢LE−hL (L¥C−hL) plL¡−ll A¢ih¡pe J −N¡ù£ pwú«¢a j¿»L ¢h−cn£−cl gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
Lb¡hm¡, f¡W J ¢m¢Ma lQe¡ cra¡l Bm¡c¡ Bm¡c¡ Ù¹l¢heÉ¡p L−l−Re[56] ; fË¢a¢V −r−œ 12¢V Ù¹l
B−R, 1j −b−L 4bÑ Ù¹l "fË¡b¢jL' [Débutanat], 5j −b−L 8j Ù¹l "j¡dÉ¢jL' [Intermédiaire] Hhw 9j
−b−L 12n Ù¹l "ANËpl' [Avancé] −nËZ£i¥š² Ll¡ q−u−Rz Hl ¢hÙ¹«a ¢hhlZ ¢c−u Bfe¡−cl i¡l¡œ²¡¿¹
Ll−a Q¡C¢R e¡, BNËq£S−el¡ abÉp§−œ E¢õ¢Ma J−uhp¡CV…¢m −cM−a f¡−lez
24
HC ¢heÉ¡p Ae¤k¡u£ ü¡j£S£l gl¡p£i¡o¡u cra¡−L fË¢a¢V −r−œ 8j Ù¹−ll [AbÑ¡v "ErQal
j¡dÉ¢jL' −nËZ£l] hm¡ −k−a f¡−l ; Bh¡l hm¢R H−r−œJ abÉüÒfa¡ p¤¤Ni£l ¢h−nÔo−Zl A¿¹l¡uz
HC ¢h−nÔoZ −b−L A¿¹ax Øfø q−rR, −Le ¢h−hL¡e¾c ¢mM−Re, "HC i¡o¡u (gl¡p£ i¡o¡u)
i¡h¡−hN fËL¡n Ll¡l j−a¡ rja¡ Bj¡l −eC' Bl −LeC h¡ ¢a¢e flhaÑ£L¡−ml SeÉ −c¡i¡o£l p¡q¡kÉ
−eJu¡l Lb¡ i¡h−Re! ¢a¢e −a¡ B−l¡ EæaÙ¹−ll gl¡p£ i¡o¡ hÉhq¡−l Lb¡ i¡h−Re, a¡C e¡?
Efpwq¡l
¢L¿¹¥ HC −a¡ ph euz Lm¡l¢pL ¢h−hL¡e¾c Be¾c f¡e gl¡p£ A−fl¡, e¡VL −c−M, lp¡e¤ih
L−le gl¡p£ p‰£−a [Hj¡ L¡m−il N¡Ju¡ "m¡ j¡pÑ¡CH': gl¡p£ S¡a£u p‰£a öe−a ¢a¢e i¡mh¡p−ae]z
i¡o¡a£a lp¡e¤ih, −k −L¡−e¡ i¡o¡l Nä£−L R¡¢f−u k¡uz
é¡−¾p AhÙÛ¡eL¡−m œ²j¡Na QQÑ¡u −p cra¡−L ¢e−Sl L¡−Sl Efk¤š² L−l a¥m−a Q¡C−mJ, a¡
¢e−u M¤h −S¡l ¢c−a Q¡e ¢e, a¡C f§hÑ CE−l¡f ïjZ −n−o −c¡i¡o£l p¡q¡−kÉ fÉ¡¢l−p hš²«a¡l h¡pe¡z a¡l
−fR−e ph−Q−u …l¦aÆf§ZÑ L¡lZ, HCL¡−m ay¡l j−e¡i¡h "−Mm¡ −j¡l p¡‰ qm....'z LjÑL¡Ó ¿¹ je Bl
hÉ¡¢dSSÑ¢la nl£l−L c§−l −g−m BaÈ¡l¡j q−u AhÙÛ¡e Ll−a Q¡C−Re ¢h−hL¡e¾cz −pM¡−e gl¡p£ S¡e¡
e¡ S¡e¡ HL¡¿¹ −N±Z q−u f−sz
¢h−hL¡e−¾cl gl¡p£i¡o¡cra¡ ¢e−u −no Lb¡ hm¡l pju HM−e¡ B−p ¢ez Bn¡ Llh HM−e¡
A−eL AS¡e¡ abÉ O¤¢j−u B−R fËL¡−nl A−fr¡uz
25
f¢l¢nø 1
¢h−hL¡e¾c lQe¡u gl¡p£ n−ël hZÑ£LlZ
[h¡wm¡u gl¡p£ hZÑ£LlZ J ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl i¨¢jL¡z]
fË¡u 60¢V Que, i¡hh¡l Lb¡, f¢lhË¡SL Hhw fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡aÉ −b−Lz B−l¡ b¡L−a f¡−l AeÉœz
HL¢V ea¥e ¢hou HM¡−e a¥m−a Q¡C¢R, −p¢V h¡wm¡u gl¡p£ hZÑ£LlZ J ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl i¨¢jL¡z
H−a gl¡p£ ‘¡−el f¢lQu eu, h¡wm¡i¡o¡−L GÜ Ll¡l fËu¡p −cM¢R ¢h−hL¡e−¾clz a−h HC në…¢m
A¢dL¡wnC "e¡jh¡QL ¢h−noÉ', L−uL¢V L−b¡fLb−el h¡LÉ¡wnz
h¡wm¡u gl¡p£ hZÑ£Ll−Zl −L¡−e¡ ¢e¢cÑø phÑSeNË¡qÉ p§œ B−R ¢Le¡ S¡¢ee¡, ü¡j£S£l pj−u −a¡
¢RmCe¡z
1899 p¡−m H¢mp ¢jœ (¢hh¡qf§−hÑ c¤−h¡u¡) e¡−j HL gl¡p£ iâj¢qm¡l −mM¡ gl¡p£ −b−L
h¡wm¡u fË¢ahZÑ£Ll−Zl HL¢V f¤Ù¹L fËL¡¢na quz [Bengali Transliteration of the French Words with
26
the English Meanings Used in the French Self Instructor. By a French Lady (Élise Mitra Née
Dubois) with the Helf [sic] of Bengalee Gentlemen:
Source:http://books.google.co.in/books/about/Bengali_Transliteration_of_the_French_Wo.html?
id=JsoTMwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y]
¢h−hL¡e¾c a¡l p¡q¡kÉ ¢e−u¢R−me ¢Le¡ S¡e¡ −eC; pñhax e¡, −Lee¡ a¡q−m HLC Lb¡l c¤lLj
fË¢ahZÑ£LlZ b¡La e¡z
gl¡p£ ErQ¡lZ −a¡ a¡l ¢e−Sl j−a¡, ¢e−Sl ¢euj Ae¤k¡u£ Q−mz p¡d¡lZax ¢m¢Mal©−fl −no
hÉ”ehZÑ¢V Ae¤rQ¡¢la b¡−Lz
Bjl¡ −l¡j¡e qlg −cM−mC Cw−lS£ i¡o¡l L¡uc¡u ErQ¡lZ Ll−a Q¡Cz
mrÉZ£u, ¢h−hL¡e¾c p¡d¡lZax gl¡p£ ErQ¡lZ Ae¤k¡u£C h¡wm¡u hZÑ£LlZ L−l−Rez
fË¢ahZÑ£Ll−Zl p¡d¡lZ p§œ Ae¤k¡u£ a¡ h¡e¡e −j−e phpju qu e¡, ErQ¡lZ −j−eJ quz ¢L¿¹¥
HLi¡o¡l ErQ¡¢la dÆ¢e, AeÉi¡o¡l hZÑ ¢c−u phpju fËL¡n Ll¡ k¡u e¡, −pV¡ HLV¡ pjpÉ¡z
Be¾ch¡S¡l f¢œL¡ Bd¤¢eLL¡−m h¡Pm¡ i¡o¡u Hl ¢LR¥ ¢euj −j−e Q−mez h¡wm¡ BL¡−c¢j h¡
LmL¡a¡ ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−ulJ ¢eSü j¡eÉ ¢euj B−Rz h¡wm¡−c−nJ ¢eSü ¢eujz
gl¡p£ i¡o¡ −b−L h¡wm¡u −pk¤−Nl −nËù Ae¤h¡cL −SÉ¡¢a¢l¾cÊe¡b W¡L¥lz ¢a¢e HL¡S LaV¡ H¢N−u
¢e−u¢R−me S¡¢ee¡z
¢L¿¹¥ ü¡j£S£l f¢lhË¡SL J fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡−aÉl Se¢fËua¡l Lb¡ j¡b¡u l¡M−m, h¡wm¡i¡o¡u ea¥e
¢cN¿¹ E−eÈ¡Q−el, eu¡ −S¡n Be¡l E−cÉ¡š²¡ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl HC L¡S¢V−L Bm¡c¡ …l¦aÆ ¢c−aC qu, ¢LR¥V¡
fbfËcnÑ−Ll jkÑ¡c¡Jz Hl a¡vfkÑ Bm¡c¡ B−m¡Qe¡l AhL¡n l¡−Mz
fªù¡pwMÉ¡ E¢õ¢Ma q−u−R ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, B¢nÄe
1379 −b−Lz
gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
f¢lQu
PARIS
7
95
191-4
121
¢iƒl ý−N¡
fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡aÉ
212
L¡l¡yV£e
f¢lhË¡SL
99
ÙÛ¡e
fÉ¡¢lp
2
6
顾p
é¡yp
¢iš²l ýÉ−N¡
Evp
f¡¢l fËcnÑe£,
f¢lhË¡SL
¢n−hl i¨a,
f¢lhË¡SL
fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡aÉ
f¢lhË¡SL
fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡aÉ
f¢lhË¡SL
f¡¢l
1
3
4
5
h¡wm¡ hZÑ£LlZ
FRANCE
ÙÛ¡e
VICTOR HUGO
hÉ¢š²
Quarantine
AeÉ¡eÉ
fª:
j¿¹hÉ
47
118
54
121-5
167
AeÉœJ B−R
AeÉœJ B−R
AeÉœJ B−R
(Cwl¡S£ ErQ¡l−Z ?
hZÑ£LlZ)
Bjl¡ Cwl¡S£
27
gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
9
f¢lhË¡SL
(X¡−u¢l)
L¡l¡eV¡Ce
8
Congrès de l’Historie des Religions
Evp: f¡¢l fËcnÑe£
f¢lQu
OVe¡
141
h¡wm¡ hZÑ£LlZ
fª:
Lw−NËp c' ¢m−Ù¹¡u¡l −c ¢l¢m¢SAy 47
10
11
12
Messageries Maritimes
Ferdinand (de) Lesseps
Maspero
13
Histoire Anciene Oriental
14
Marseille
Evp: f¢lhË¡SL
f¢lQu
h¡wm¡ hZÑ£LlZ
−L¡Çf¡¢e −jp¡S¡¢l j¡¢la£j
hÉ¢š²
g¢XÑ−e™ −m−pÃp
hÉ¢š²
j¡p−f−l¡
C−Ù¹¡u¡l
By¢pHe
NË¿Û
J¢lBya¡m*
ÙÛ¡e
j¡pÑ¡C
15
Monsieur
AeÉ¡eÉ
16
Mademoiselle
AeÉ¡eÉ
17
18
Madame
Jules Bois
19
20
21
22
23
24
Calvé
Sarah Bernhardt
Trés ancien, trés civilisé
C’est mon rave [sic] [rêve]
La divine
Jean de Reszke
25
26
27
Plancon
Lamartine
Père
AeÉ¡eÉ
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
h¡LÉ¡wn
h¡LÉ¡wn
AeÉ¡eÉ
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
AeÉ¡eÉ
gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
ErQ¡l−Z
"−L¡u¡l¡¾V¡Ce' h¢m
j¢pÉu
j¡cÚ−j¡u¡−Sm
["S'V¡
f§hÑh¡wm¡l "S']
j¡c¡j
S¥m −h¡Ju¡
L¡m−i
p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡XÑ
−œS¡y¢pHe, −œ¢p¢i¢m−S
−p jy lÉ¡i'
m¡ ¢c¢ie
S¡y cÉ −lS¢L
fÔ¡ypy
m¡j¡¢VÑe
−ful
fª:
j¿¹hÉ
75
105
110
110
119
‘Mon’
−Le?
HM¡−e jy eu
119
119
119
119
119
119
119
120
120
120
121
121
(H)"Bp'
28
Hyacinthe
hÉ¢š²
¢qu¡p¡¿Û
121
29
30
Loyson
Oriental (Express Train)
Déjeuner
Dîner
Napoleon
muSe
J¢lBya¡m H„−fËp −VÊe
−cS¥−e
¢c−e
eÉ¡−f¡−mAy
121
124
31
32
33
hÉ¢š²
AeÉ¡eÉ
AeÉ¡eÉ
AeÉ¡eÉ
hÉ¢š²
128
128
130
−Le "q'
qm, AeÉ S¡uN¡u −a¡
qu ¢ez
h¡wm¡u e¡e¡i¡−h −mM¡
28
q−u b¡−Lz
L’Aiglon
Bourbon
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
hÉ¢š²
AeÉ¡eÉ
hÉ¢š²
−h¡e¡f¡VÑ
−S¡−p¢ge
p¡cÑ
−lS¡y
L−gm¡y
−mNmy
h¤lÚhy
130
130
130
130
130
130
131
Aiglon
AeÉ¡eÉ
HNÚmy
131
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Bonaparte
Josephine
Sardou
Réjane
41
*
"−mNmy'−a
−eC −Le?
qp¿¹
(Ú)
−l¡j¡e ql−g H h¡e¡e f¡C ¢ez ü¡j£S£l Cw−lS£ lQe¡hm£−a HC e¡j¢V −eCz C¾V¡l−e−V HC pj−ul
gl¡p£ A¢i−ea¡−cl a¡¢mL¡u e¡j¢V −fm¡j e¡z −h−e¡u¡ −Ly¡Ù¹¡y LLmyÉ¡ [L−Lm¡y] [Benoir-Constant
Coquelin] (1841 1909) h−m −ppju HL ¢hMÉ¡a A¢i−ea¡ ¢R−me, [p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡−XÑl p−‰ "−mNmy'−a
A¢ieu L−l−Re] ü¡j£S£ ay¡l Lb¡C M¤h pñhax ¢m−M¢R−me, j¤âZfËj¡−c "L' "g' q−u; L−Lmy¡ L−gm¡y
q−u k¡e ¢e −a¡?
*:
Louvre
Evp: f¢lhË¡SL (X¡−u¢l)
f¢lQu h¡wm¡ hZÑ£LlZ
fª:
ÙÛ¡e
m¤i¡l
142
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Duc d’Orleans
Eugenie
Champagne
Gaulois [Gaul]
Frank
Charlemagne
Renaissance
Evp:
f¢lQu
Ef¡¢d
hÉ¢š²
ÙÛ¡e, jcÉ
S¡¢a
S¡¢a
hÉ¢š²
AeÉ¡eÉ
50
Egalite, Liberte, Fraternite
51
52
53
54
Boulevards
Champs Elysées
Place de la Concorde
Bastille
gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
42
gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
fË¡QÉ J f¡ÕQ¡aÉ
h¡wm¡ hZÑ£LlZ
X¥ÉL X Al¢mBy
A−S¢e
nÉ¡jf¡y
−N¡mJu¡
é¡y
n¡mÑ¡j¡Ue
−l−ep¡y
HN¡¢m−a, ¢mh¡−aÑ,
AeÉ¡eÉ
é¡−a¢eÑ−a
ÙÛ¡e
h¤−mi¡l
ÙÛ¡e : fb n¡y−S¢m−S
ÙÛ¡e
fÔ¡p c m¡ LeLcÑ
ÙÛ¡e
h¡¢Ù¹m
j¿¹hÉ
h¡wm¡u e¡e¡i¡−h −mM¡ quz
fª:
164
168
181
192
192
192
192
‘de’
j¿¹hÉ
X −Le? AeÉœ c
194
197
197
197
197
29
58
59
60
Marseillaise
Napoleon
Cocarde
Pope
Flammarion
AeÉ¡eÉ
h¡LÉ¡wn
p‰£a
hÉ¢š²
fa¡L¡
Ef¡¢d
hÉ¢š²
−mVlÚ c LÉ¡−n
m¡ f¡¢œ B c¡y−S
j¡pÑ¡CH
eÉ¡−f¡−mAy
LL¡XÑ
f¡fÚ
gÓj¡¢luy
197
198
198
198
199
206
212
61
Voltaire
hÉ¢š²
im−Vu¡l
212
62
Pasteur
hÉ¢š²
f¡−Ù¹l
213
55
56
57
Letter de Cachet
La patrie (est) en danger
(Cwl¡S£
hZÑ£LlZ)
ErQ¡l−Z
?
Evp: BNØV [?−p−ÃVðl
1900]], ü¡j£ a¥l£u¡e¾c−L −mM¡ ¢Q¢W, fœ¡hm£, [E−à¡de 2013] 524
[?−p−ÃVðl 1900
gl¡p£ i¡o¡u
f¢lQu
h¡wm¡ hZÑ£LlZ
fª:
ÙÛ¡e
fÔ¡p −c −Sa¡v C¢e
63
Place des Etats-Uni
741
f¢lhË¡SL : X¡−u¢l Awn¢V flhaÑ£L¡−m ü¡j£S£l L¡NSf−œl j−dÉ f¡Ju¡ k¡uz H¢V Mps¡ −e¡−Vl BL¡−l,
Ae¤j¡e Ll¡ k¡u, ü¡j£S£ HM¡−e pw−n¡d−el p¤¤−k¡N f¡e¢ez
f¢l¢nø 2
gl¡p£ −b−L h¡wm¡u Ae¤h¡c:
¢h−hL¡e¾c L−l−Re AhnÉC, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡ Ha AÒf: ¢LR¥ h¡LÉ¡wn j¡œ, a¡ −b−L ay¡l gl¡p£ i¡o¡‘¡e
pÇf−LÑ −L¡−e¡ d¡lZ¡C Ll¡ k¡u e¡z −Lhm a−bÉl SeÉ L−uL¢V pwLme Ll¡ qm:
gl¡p£
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
h¡wm¡u Ae¤h¡c
L’argent mon ami, l’argent V¡L¡, Cu¡l, V¡L¡ −L¡b¡u?
A¢a fË¡Q£e, A¢a p¤¤piÉ
Trés ancien, trés civilisé
C’est mon rave [sic] [rêve]
−p Bj¡l S£heüfÀ
La divine Sarah
°ch£ p¡l¡
L’Aiglon
Nl¦s n¡hL
ehSeÈ
Renaissance
l¡S j¤â¡¢ˆa ¢m¢f
Letter de Cachet
SeÈi¨¢j ¢hf−c
La patrie (est) en danger
Evp
fª:
¢e−Q fœa¡¢mL¡ ew 3
119
119
f¢lhË¡SL
120
130
192
fË¡QÉ J
197
f¡ÕQ¡aÉ
198
j¿¹hÉ
30
Evp:
S£he£f”£:
Chronological record of Swami Vivekananda in the West, compiled and edited by Terrance
Hohner and Carolyn Kenny (Amala) of the Vedanta Society of Portland
abÉp¤¤œ:
ü¡j£S£l −mM¡ −k ph ¢Q¢W HC lQe¡u a¡¢lM J E¢Ÿø hÉ¢š²l e¡j pq EÜ«a L−l¢R, a¡−cl Bm¡c¡ abÉp§œ ¢q−p−h
ü¡j£S£l h¡wm¡ J Cw−lS£ lQe¡hm£ h¡ fœ¡hm£l fªù¡ e£−Q a¡¢mL¡L¡−l E−õM Ll¡ qmz
a¡¢lM
E¢Ÿø hÉ¢š²
26/7/1894
18/2/1895
17/1/1896
−qm −h¡−el¡ § @
nË£ja£ −qm
ü¡j£ ¢œ…Z¡a£a¡e¾c §
M™
1
2
3
fœ¡hm£
(2z2013)
h¡Z£ J lQe¡*
8
9
6
fœpwMÉ¡
fœpwMÉ¡
M™
fªù¡
fœpwMÉ¡
fªù¡
24
49
58
106
6
464 5
110
171
e¡C
254
7
e¡C
260
260
426
31
4
13/2/1896
5
12/10/1897
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Sept. 1899
4/11/1899
30/11/1899
2/3/1900
28/3/1900
6/4/1900
7/4/1900
12/4/1900
18/4/1900
28/8/1900
1/9/1900
15/9/1900
8/10/1900
14/10/1900
14/06/1901
15/5/1902
ØV¡¢XÑ
nË£j'§
−jl£ −qm @
i¢Ne£ ¢œ²¢ÕQe @
nË£ja£ h¤m
nË£ja£ jÉ¡Lm¡EX
−jl£ −qm §@
i¢Ne£ ¢e−h¢ca¡ @
B−j¢lL¡e hå¥
B−j¢lL¡e hå¥
nË£ja£ jÉ¡Lm¡EX
i¢Ne£ ¢e−h¢ca¡ @
ü¡j£ a¥l£u¡e¾c @
i¢Ne£ ¢œ²¢ÕQe @
j¡cÚ−j¡u¡−Sm #
i¢Ne£ ¢œ²¢ÕQe # @
nË£ja£ jÉ¡Lm¡EX §
Hj¡ L¡m−i
5
67
258
7
266
264
433
6
138
382
8
12
393
609
8
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
6
6
8
9
8
8
5
9
145
50
55
163
165
171
172
175
158
162
192
84
194
195
105
223
434
8
67
448
660
e¡C
e¡C
e¡C
474
478
479
483
485
506
507
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
e¡C
e¡C
e¡C
119
126
127
132
134
156
158
491
495
496
500
502
526
527
e¡C
512
513
532
8
8
8
e¡C
709
716
716
721
722
744
745
e¡C
164
165
187
532
533
553
751
752
773
e¡C
§: ¢Q¢q²a f−œ gl¡p£ h¡LÉ / h¡LÉ¡wn hÉhq¡lz
@: ¢Q¢q²a f−œ gl¡p£ i¡o¡¢nr¡l E−õMz
#: ¢Q¢q²a fœ gl¡p£i¡o¡u l¢Qaz
¢Q−œl Evp:
HL¢V R¡s¡ AeÉph ¢Qœ C¾V¡l−eV −b−L Nªq£az
1) ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c: http://www.vivekananda.net/photos/America1899-1900/America1899-1900.html
2) ü¡j£ ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c: http://www.ramakrishna.eu/en/vidyatmananda/index.php
3) −jl£ m¤Cp h¡LÑ : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marie_Louise_Burke.gif
4) j−q¾cÊe¡b cš : http://www.vivekananda.net/pplheknew/Family/Mahendranath.html
5) °puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£ : http://home.comcast.net/~shibliab/Images/Ali/images/mujtaba_ali2.gif
6) nˆl£fËp¡c hp¤¤ :
http://www.shibpurinternational.com/sublink/Personalities/html/Sankari%20Prasad%20Basu.html
7) nˆl f¡ä¥l‰ f¢™a : http://huzurpaga.com/history.html
8) qÉ¡¢l−uV −qm : http://www.frankreport.com/vivekananda/PhotosPeople/PhotosCompanions.html
9) ü¡j£ Aiu¡e¾c : http://www.vivekananda.net/pplheknew/others/abhayananda.html
10) −jl£ −qm : http://www.vivekananda.net/PPlHeKnew/FriendsOfSV/Mary%20Hale.html
11) H¢jm −pe¡l : http://what-buddha-said.net/images/Buddhist_People/E.Senart.JPG
32
12) …Ù¹¡i Jf¡VÑ :
http://writermanam.blogspot.in/2011/05/biographical-sketch-of-professor-
gustav.html
13) ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c: http://www.vivekananda.net/photos/England1895-1896/England1895-1896.html
14) ¢pmiyÉ¡ −m¢i http://forum.banglalibrary.org/viewtopic.php?id=470
15) Bm−éX g¥−n : http://records.photodharma.net/culture/the-beginnings-of-buddhist-art-by-afoucher-i
16) j¡p−f−l¡ : http://antikforever.com/Egypte/Biblios-Egyptos/Main-Biblios-Egyptos.htm
17) ¢œ²¢ÕQe : http://www.vivekananda.net/pplheknew/svdisciples/Christine.html
18) pf¢lh¡l −fÉl Cu¡p¡yv : http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/hyacinthe-loyson/hyacintheloyson/826778
19) S¥m −h¡Ju¡ : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Bois
20) −fÉl Cu¡p¡yv : http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw114730/Pre-HyacintheCharles-Jean-Marie-Loyson
21) Hj¡ L¡m−i http://www.ebay.com/ctg/Emma-Calve-Victor-Recordings-1907-16-Emma-Calve-EWagner-Darius-Lyons-CD-Apr-1997-Romophone-/71509445
22) −S¡−p¢ge jÉ¡Lm¡EX :
http://www.vivekananda.net/pplheknew/svdisciples/JosephineMcCleod.html
https://sites.google.com/site/theosophyhistory/maria-de-mariategui-duchess-demedina-pomar-lady-caithness
24) p¡l¡ h¡eÑq¡XÑ : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt
25) ¢lnmÉ¥'l 8j ¢XEL : richelieu-eminencerouge.blogspot.com
26) −l¡cÉ¡y : http://www.bubblews.com/news/669681-the-father-of-modern-sculpture-auguste-rodin
23) c¤−np cÉ −f¡j¡ :
¢jp j¤m¡−l−l ¢Q−œl Evp: ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c J ¢h−c¢ne£NZ, ¢c¢NÄSu −c plL¡l, He. C. f¡h¢mn¡pÑ, LmL¡a¡ 2009
Ae¤h¡−cl SeÉ ¢LR¥ −r−œ Google TranslatorHl p¡q¡kÉ ¢e−u¢Rz
Sister Nivedita's letter to Mrs. Ole Bull, dt. November 10, 1899. Letters of Sister Nivedita,
Edited with introduction by Sankari Prasad Basu, NabaBharat Publishers, Kolkata, 1982, pg.
231.
2
f¢lhË¡SL, ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, B¢nÄe 1379, fª:121z
3
"I have a message to the West as Buddha had a message to the East." (At the Brooklyn Ethical
Society, Brooklyn, U.S.A.) The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda Volume 5 Page: 314
[Swami Vivekananda—Life, Works & Research CD published by Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata,
2001] (C.W.)
A year later an identical statement was quoted in an article on Swamiji published in the New
York Herald of January 19, 1896, Marie Louis Burke, Swami Vivekananda in America : New
Discoveries Vol 2 pg 261 Swami Vivekananda—Life, Works & Research CD published by
Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata] (N.D.)
4
In Paris we are going to conquer the Froggies. CW Vol.8, Epistles 4th. Series, Letter CLXXI,
pg 512
33
cš j−q¾cÊe¡b, mä−e ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c, 2u Mä, j−q¾cÊ f¡h¢m¢nw L¢j¢V, LmL¡a¡, 6ù pw (HL−œ 2u J 3u Mä)
2001, fª: 119, 133z (m™−e)
cš j−q¾cÊe¡b, nË£jv ¢h−hL¡e¾c ü¡j£S£l S£h−el OVe¡hm£, 2u M™, j−q¾cÊ f¡h¢m¢nw L¢j¢V, LmL¡a¡, 5j j¤âZ, 1987,
fª: 130z (OVe¡hm£)
6
Reminiscences of Swami Vivekananda by his Eastern and Western Admirers, 3rd . Edition,
Advaita Ashrama, 1983, pdf pg 232. (Rem.)
7
Vidyatmananda, Swami, Vivekananda in Europe, Sept. 2012, Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata pg.
122. (V.E.)
8
V.E., pg 277
9
V.E. pg. 124
10
Life of Swami Vivekananda, by his Eastern & Western Disciples, Vol 2, pg. 539 (Life)
11
Bj¡l i¡ä¡l B−R i−l, f’a¿» 1j, °puc j¤Sah¡ Bm£ lQe¡hm£, ¢jœ J −O¡o, LmL¡a¡, 1j M™, Bo¡t 1412,
fª: 47z
12
OVe¡hm£, 2u, fª: 129, 132z
cš j−q¾cÊe¡b, nË£jv ¢h−hL¡e¾c ü¡j£S£l S£h−el OVe¡hm£, 1j M™, j−q¾cÊ f¡h¢m¢nw L¢j¢V, LmL¡a¡, 5j j¤âZ, 1986,
fª: 12 13z
13
For Seekers of God, Advaita Ashrama, pg. 182, quoted in VE pg 278.
See also Life, Vol. 1, pg. 295.
Nñ£l¡e¾c, ü¡j£, k¤Ne¡uL ¢h−hL¡e¾c, (1j M™), E−à¡de L¡kÑ¡mu, LmL¡a¡, 4bÑ pw, −j 1985, fª: 234
"A¢dL¿¹¥ f¡ä¥l‰ jq¡n−ul fl¡j−nÑ ¢a¢e gl¡p£ i¡o¡J A−eLV¡ Buš L¢l−mez' [¢ejÀ−lM¡ˆe Bj¡l]z
5
14
hp¤¤ nˆl£fËp¡c, ¢h−hL¡e¾c J pjL¡m£e i¡lahoÑ, 5j M™, jäm h¤L q¡Ep, LmL¡a¡, j¡QÑ 1992, fª: 291।
15
Rem. Pg. 23.
Nñ£l¡e¾c, ü¡j£, k¤Ne¡uL ¢h−hL¡e¾c, (1j M™), E−à¡de L¡kÑ¡mu, LmL¡a¡, 4bÑ pw, −j 1985, fª: 249.
16
Life, Vol.1, pg. 323.
Nñ£l¡e¾c, ü¡j£, k¤Ne¡uL ¢h−hL¡e¾c, (1j M™), E−à¡de L¡kÑ¡mu, LmL¡a¡, 4bÑ pw, −j 1985, fª: 256.
17
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, B¢nÄe 1379, fª: 465z
18
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, B¢nÄe 1379, fª: 169z
19
Rem. Pg. 179
20
m™−e, 2u, fª: 133 4z
21
ND. Vol.3 pg. 204-205
22
ND Vol.3 pg.328.
23
ND Vol.3 pg.499, VE 230.
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c ü¡j£, CJ−l¡−f ¢h−hL¡e¾c, Ae¤h¡c: l¢h−nMl −pe…ç, jäm h¤L q¡Ep, LmL¡a¡, 1395, fª: 161z
24
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, B¢nÄe 1379, fª: 119z
25
ND Vol.3 pg.499.
26
−p¡je¡b j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u, ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e¾c J ¢h‘¡e£ ¢e−L¡m¡ −Vpm¡: ea¥e abÉ, E−à¡de, B¢nÄe, 1416/ 2009 −p−ÃVðl,
fª:707 8z j§m: Swami Vivekananda, Sarah Bernhardt, and Nikola Tesla—Marie Louise Burke,
‘Prabuddha Bharata’, 1972, pp. 110-20.
34
27
Chaudhuri Asim, Swami Vivekananda in America New Findings, Advaita Ashrama, Kolkata, 2008, pg
260.
ND Vol.1 pg.483
VE pg. 264-5.
30
Rem. pg 175.
31
nË£nË£l¡jL«oALb¡jªa, nË£j' L¢baz
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 8j M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, °SÉù 1379, fª; 12z
CW, Vol.6. Epistles 2nd. Series. Letter CXXXVIII pg. 412. Cw−lS£ lQe¡hm£−a j¤¢âa ¢Q¢W¢V−a a¡¢lM −eCz
32
f¢lhË¡SL, ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 6ù M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, B¢nÄe 1379, fª; 110z
H pð−å ¢a¢e f¢lhË¡S−L i¨jdÉp¡Nl AdÉ¡−u ¢mM−Re:
j¡p−f−l¡ h−m HL jq¡f¢™a, ¢jpl fËaÀa−šÄl A¢afË¢pÜ −mML, "C−Ù¹¡u¡l By¢pHe J¢lBya¡m' h'−m ¢jpl J
h¡¢hm¢c−Nl HL fËL¡™ C¢aq¡p ¢m−M−Rez L−uL hvpl f§−hÑ Eš² NË−¿Ûl HL Cw−lS fËaÀašÄ¢h−cl Cw−lS£−a aSÑj¡ f¢sz
Hh¡l ¢hË¢Vn ¢jE¢Su−jl HL AdÉr−L L−uLM¡¢e ¢jpl J h¡¢hm pðå£u NË−¿Ûl ¢hou ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll¡u j¡p−f−l¡l NË−¿Ûl Lb¡
E−õM quz a¡−a Bj¡l L¡−R Eš² NË−¿Ûl aSÑj¡ B−R ö−e ¢a¢e hm−me −k J−a q−h e¡,...... j§m gl¡p£ i¡o¡u fs−a
hm−mez f−s −c¢M ....
33
Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Maspero
34
ND Vol.5 pg. 113.
35
ND Vol.6 pg.25-26.
36
Bm−jX¡, LÉ¡¢m−g¡¢eÑu¡ −b−L ¢jp jÉ¡Lm¡EX−L −mM¡ ü¡j£S£l 18/4/1900l ¢Q¢Wz
28
29
37
hp¤¤ nˆl£fËp¡c, pq¡pÉ ¢h−hL¡e¾c, ehi¡la f¡¢mn¡pÑ, LmL¡a¡, 6ù pwúlZ, H¢fËm 1992, fª: 84 85।
38
VE, pg 31
VE, pg 145-148.
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c ¢m−M−Re, −fÉl Cu¡py¡v fËnÀ L−l¢R−me, −hc¡¿¹j−a SNv üfÀhv q−m −L −pC üfÀ −c−Me? flhaÑ£L¡−m ay¡l
X¡−u¢l−a H ¢ho−u −L¡−e¡ E−õM e¡ −c−M ¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾cS£l Ae¤j¡e ü¡j£S£l Sh¡h ay¡−L p¿¹¥ø L−l¢Rmz
40
VE, pg 36
41
ND Vol.6 pg. 330-331.
42
hp¤¤ nˆl£fËp¡c, ¢h−hL¡e¾c J pjL¡m£e i¡lahoÑ, 5j M™, jäm h¤L q¡Ep, LmL¡a¡, j¡QÑ 1992, fª: 294z
43
VE, pg 120-122.
44
VE, pg 40.
45
¢hcÉ¡aÈ¡e¾c ü¡j£, CJ−l¡−f ¢h−hL¡e¾c, Ae¤h¡c: l¢h−nMl −pe…ç, jäm h¤L q¡Ep, LmL¡a¡, 1395, fª: 32z
46
VE, pg. 73.
47
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 8j M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, °SÉù1379, fª; 164z
48
ü¡j£ ¢h−hL¡e−¾cl h¡Z£ J lQe¡, 8j M™, E−à¡de, 3u pwúlZ, °SÉù1379, fª; 165 167z
49
VE, pg 262-268.
50
VE, pg 248, 266,280.
51
Life, Vol.2, pg. 555
52
VE, pg 279.
53
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages
54
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Language_Testers_in_Europe
39
35
55
http://www.ags.edu/international-relations/degree-programs/master-in-internationalrelations/798-french-language-proficiency-level-scale
56
http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/partenaires/partenaires-francisation/competencelangagiere/glossaire.html
http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/partenaires/partenaires-francisation/competencelangagiere/niveau.html
http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/partenaires/partenaires-francisation/competencelangagiere/production.html
http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/fr/partenaires/partenaires-francisation/competencelangagiere/comprehension.html
36