220th OMICS Group Conference 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Scientiic Tracks & Abstracts Forensic Research-2014 Page 23 Track 1, 6 & 7 1: Forensic Psychology & Forensic Psychiatry 6: Forensic Chemistry and Forensic Toxicology 7: Wild life Forensic Science Ronn Johnson, University of San Diego, USA Session Chair Session Introduction Day 1 October 06, 2014 Mark Love, 2 Dr. Johnsons Buildings, UK Session Co-Chair Title: Clinical forensic implications for the DSM-5 quadrant in JFSB Ronn Johnson, University of San Diego, USA Title: A review of patients in a psycho-sexual clinic in the UK- How strong is the relationship between psycho-sexual problems and a history of sexual abuse or assault? Title: Management of the sexually assaulted patient: Utilization of the “forensic survey” Lucy Love, G4s Forensic and Medical Services, UK Evangeline Barefoot, St. David’s Round Rock Medical Center, USA Title: Have we done all we can do? Linda Galvan, St. David’s Georgetown Hospital, USA Title: Phenomenological study of the experiences of emergency department nurses in the referral for and/or administration of a lethality tool in a rural hospital Title: Should PTSD suffering patients be blamed for the combat related crimes in former Yugoslavia? Michele I Bracken & Michelle Clifton, Salisbury University, USA Branislav Filipovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Title: Clinical forensic psychological factors in using the DSM-5: Cultural paradigm Ronn Johnson, University of San Diego, USA Title: Chemical element levels as a methodological tool in forensic science Gianni Gallello, University of Valencia, Spain Title: Achievements and challenges in development of wildlife forensics in south-east Asia for controlling illegal trade for biodiversity conservation: A case study from India Title: The use of localised thermal desorption for extraction of volatile hydrocarbons from within a ire scene: A multi-study analysis S P Goyal, Wildlife Institute of India, India Title: Secure digital forensic imaging (SDFI) Tom Smale, Canberra Institute of Technology, Australia Ward Allen, SDFI-TeleMedicine, USA Title: Forensic psychological autopsy of home grown terrorists: More questions than answers Ronn Johnson, University of San Diego, USA Title: Genetic structure of tiger populations in India and its signiicance in forensics S P Goyal, Wildlife Institute of India, India Title: Children terrorists, children in danger or dangerous? Abbassi Salah-Eddine, Worldwide Association of Women Forensic Experts, France Title: Forensic mental health treatment in juvenile justice secure care facilities for juvenile ire setters and bomb makers: Clinical and forensic public safety recommendations Title: Forensic use of the DSM-5 quadrant in juvenile ire setter and bomb maker cases: A mitigation of criminal responsibility? J Y Cindy Kim, University of San Diego, USA Title: Treatment strategies for forensic psychologists working with juvenile ire setters and bomb makers’ parents Eric Jacobs, Alliant International University, USA Title: Can pre-treatment motivational groups in FATJAM to promote therapeutically-relevant changes for juvenile ire setters and bomb makers in forensic psychological settings? Christine Collins, Alliant International University, USA Title: Refusing and withdrawing from forensic psychological evaluation and treatment cases for juvenile ire setters and bomb makers Michelle Jimenez, University of San Diego, USA Jessica Mueller, Alliant International University, USA Forensic Research-2014 Page 24 Ronn Johnson, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Clinical forensic implications for the DSM-5 quadrant in JFSB Ronn Johnson University of San Diego, USA D iagnostically, juvenile ire setters and bomb makers (JFSBs) present with a variety of behavioral (e.g., choice of ignition source, location, etc.), individual (biopsychosociocultural and temperament), and environmental factors (family structures) that must be assessed in relation to the ire setting behavior. From a clinical forensic perspective, any subsequent evidence-based treatment recommendations for JFSBs are contingent upon the accuracy of the diagnosis. For example, the placement of high proile JFSB cases can be complicated by the diagnostic experience of the clinicians conducting the evaluations. Less than a handful of JFSB mental health programs across the country devote their full time eforts to exclusively working with these types of cases. Most clinicians have limited exposure to these cases or lack adequate training necessary for recognizing the public safety factors relevant in these cases. In some instances, probation departments seeking JFSB placements may experience considerable diiculty inding facilities qualiied and willing to accept these cases. In addition, the psychological evaluations contain diagnoses that are plagued by problems with non-independent assessment of the JFSB case (i.e., relying on information contained in previous reports as opposed to independently establishing relevant psychological data points) or gaps in the forensically-relevant information obtained. Clarifying the diagnostic picture is only part of much larger forensically-relevant questions related to risk for future ire setting that is necessary for making evidence-based recommendations about placement. Because of the public safety risks and diverging psychological opinions on these JFSB cases, some probation departments are forced to consider extremely expensive inpatient long-term care for these youth. here is no one DSM mental disorder that can be appropriately used to capture all of the categorical or dimensional features associated with JFSB. Despite these caveats, forensic clinicians can reliably approach diferentiating among the possible diagnostic subgroups of JFSB. his presentation discusses the DSM-5 Quadrant as an approach that may be used for the identiication of the relevant and qualitatively distinct diagnostic variables for JFSBs. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 25 Lucy Love, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA A review of patients in a psycho-sexual clinic in the UK- How strong is the relationship between psycho-sexual problems and a history of sexual abuse or assault? Lucy Love G4s Forensic and Medical Services, UK T he notes of 100 patients who attended a psycho-sexual clinic in the UK, between 2011 and 2013 were analysed and the frequency as a percentage, with which sexual abuse or a sexual assault was disclosed, calculated. Patients with an obvious physical cause for their psycho-sexual problems, such as Diabetes were excluded. Patients presented with a wide range of psycho-sexual problems and the relationship between sexual abuse/ assault and the speciic type of psycho-sexual problem was also explored. he results would support more inancial investment into initial counselling and domestic/ sexual violence services to prevent the development of serious long-term psycho-sexual sequelae which are very costly to treat, both in terms of inance and clinic time. Biography Lucy Love has been a Forensic Medical Examiner for 15 years and a Psychosexual counsellor for 13 years. He is presently the Clinical Director of G4s Forensic and Medical Services and run a weekly Psychosexual Clinic within the NHS. He has written and published papers both in Forensic medical and Psycho-sexual journals. lfclove@yahoo.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 26 Evangeline Barefoot et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Management of the sexually assaulted patient: Utilization of the “forensic survey” Evangeline Barefoot and Laura O’ Donnell St. David’s Round Rock Medical Center, USA S exual assault survivors oten seek medical care and support at hospitals, doctor’s oices, and urgent care centers that are ill-equipped to care for the unique needs of this patient population. As more and more victims come forward seeking care, medical providers need to be prepared to meet their needs. he sexually assaulted patient is a trauma patient and should be treated likewise utilizing the well-accepted primary and secondary surveys as recommended by the Emergency Nurses Association. Following the primary and secondary surveys, the forensic survey should be considered so that careful forensic considerations can be made to insure that possible evidence and referrals to community resources can be utilized. Biography Evangeline Barefoot is a Forensic Nurse Examiner/Consultant at St. David’s Round Rock Medical Center. She has 23 years of experience as a registered nurse with primary practice as trauma nurse and sexual assault nurse examiner/ forensic nurse. She recently completed a seven year contract with State of Texas as an instructor for sexual assault nurse examiners and is currently a content expert/consultant for the U. S. Air Force in the area of sexual assault. vbarefoot@hotmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 27 Linda Galvan, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Have we done all we can do? Linda Galvan St. David’s Georgetown Hospital, USA D omestic Violence and Sexual Assault continue to be a tremendous problem in not only in the United States, but internationally. Strangulation, one of the most violent acts of domestic violence, is oten under reported and under treated. When the blood vessels and air passages contained within the neck are compressed, death can occur within 4-5 minutes. It takes only 4 pounds per square inch (psi) to block of the blood vessels in the neck. Twenty ive percent of all traumatic deaths worldwide and ten percent of violent deaths in the Unites States occur from strangulation annually. Organizations such as National Family Justice Center, National Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence, Texas Council on Family Violence, and the Strangulation Training Institute, continue to work diligently to put domestic violence and strangulation issues on the map and increase awareness and funding for more programs. However Congress and State Legislation, continues to ignore the need for funding to support these programs. Women continue to die from domestic violence at the hands of their signiicant others daily. In 2012, 142 women died in the state of Texas from domestic violence. Have we done all we can do if 142 women die due to violence? Biography Linda Galvan is a Forensic Nurse Examiner/Consultant at St. David’s Round Rock Medical Centre. She has 23 years experience as a registered nurse with primary practice as trauma nurse and sexual assault nurse examiner/forensic nurse. She is currently a content expert/consultant for the US Air Force in the area of sexual assault. Linda.Galvan@stdavids.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 28 Michele I Bracken et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Phenomenological study of the experiences of emergency department nurses in the referral for and/or administration of a lethality tool in a rural hospital Michele I Bracken and Michelle Clifton Salisbury University, USA I ntimate partner violence is of national concern, resulting in an annual 4.9 million intimate partner physical and sexual assaults occurring in the United States. Due to resulting traumatic injuries, the emergency department is an ideal setting to assess for patients in abusive relationships. Because of this, it is critical that emergency department nurses involved in the screening process have perceptions and attitudes conducive to identiication, care, and appropriate referral, to ensure the safety of these patients. Research has shown that nurses are not always efective in screening for intimate partner violence. here is a paucity of research on the attitudes and perceptions of these nurses that may provide a basis for this inefective screening. he purpose of this research was to determine the attitudes and perceptions of emergency department nurses in a rural mideastern hospital regarding their experiences in referring for and/or administering an instrument that assesses a patient’s risk for being murdered by an abusive partner. Results of 9 interviews determined there were three emerging themes: 1) Worthwhile assessment tool; 2) Barriers Encountered; and 3) Solutions to Barriers. Biography Michele I Bracken, PhD, WHNP is currently an Assistant Professor of Nursing at Salisbury University in Maryland. She has been a Faculty member there since 1998. Her clinical area of expertise is women’s, adult, community and pediatric health. She received her Bachelor’s degree in Nursing and a Master’s in Nursing Administration from Salisbury University in Salisbury, MD. She received her PhD in Nursing from the University of Maryland, Baltimore. Her PhD specialty is Intimate Partner Violence. She is also a Board Certiied Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner. Her research interests include intimate partner violence awareness and breast cancer awareness. MOBRACKEN@salisbury.edu J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 29 Branislav Filipovic, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Should PTSD suffering patients be blamed for the combat related crimes in former Yugoslavia? Branislav Filipovic University of Belgrade, Serbia P osttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is oten used as an excuse, for the war crimes defense in front of the court of the law. In our analysis of the 150 persons, accused for the war crimes in the war in former Yugoslavia, the results were as follows: Most of the evaluated war crime performers, 128 of them, sufered from the severe personality disorder, mostly antisocial, but also borderline and narcistic. hey usually committed a crime that was documented by a photo or a video recording, as a kind of the trophy collecting proof. Twelve of them were psychotic, whose crimes were committed without selection, e.g., three houses in a row, in one village, in the phase known as “narrowing of the conscience”, triggered by the war happenings. Two of them were had a delusional order from God to kill people from the diferent religion. Ten people committed a combat crime as the revenche for the prior loss of the family members. Eight of them showed no speciic psychiatric pathology, but they were ordered to kill mostly the prisoners of war by a senior oicer. Only two sufered from pronounced PTSD, who were irstly captured from the opposite side, and then released under the mediation of the Red Cross. Both were driven by an unexplainable impulse to protect themselves from another imprisoning by the opponent side, killed the imprisoned soldiers in the enemy uniforms. Deinitely, PTSD sufering war veterans seldom commit war crimes, and, according to our experience, combat crimes were performed by a person sufering from serious personality disorder. Biography Branislav Filipovic is a full time Professor of Anatomy in the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia. He is a specialist of psychiatry, oriented towards the brain changes in psychiatric disorders, especially PTSD. In 2007, he was elected for a permanent court expert for psychiatry and war traumas. He has published more than 30 papers in neuroanatomy and brain alterations in the psychiatric disorders. ilipovic.branislav@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 30 Ronn Johnson et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Clinical forensic psychological factors in DSM-5: Cultural paradigm Ronn Johnson, Harry Dixon, Jo Jo Lee and Cindy Kim University of San Diego, USA I n the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), the outline for Cultural Formulation (OCF) marked as an attempt to apply anthropological concepts within psychiatry. OCF was created to improve the clinician’s interpretative abilities in diagnostic assessment and treatment. However, the feedback of the OCF has been mixed. Its vague format may not help clinicians to formulate speciic questions. Additionally, it poses a question as to if it needs to form a separate assessment from the standard interview. In 2010, the DSM-5 Cultural Issues Subgroup conducted a literature review on the OCF. It converted the OCF into the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) for clinicians in general outpatient clinical settings. he concept of using cultural formulation assessments promises to reveal knowledge about the cultural world view of patients, culturally normative and sanctioned health practices, and health systems that are critical for clinical care. he cultural formulation was developed to bridge the gap of the cultural diferences between clinicians and their patients. he OCF has been considered as the most signiicant contribution to psychiatry, due to its emphasis on the patient’s subjective experience and conceptualization of illness. While the importance of culturally competent counselors in clinical practice has been established, the assessment of the impact these trained counselors have on a diverse population remains underdeveloped. hus an important implication for the CFI on clinicians would be to enhance existing cultural competencies. A study by Aggarwal et al. (2013) investigated the barriers of implementing CFI in clinical practice. he results showed that the most frequent limitations for the CFI were lack of diferentiation from other treatments, lack of buy-in ambiguity of design, over-standardization of the CFI, and severity of illness. In addition, the clinicians presented that the CFI is lack of conceptual relevance between intervention and problem, drit from the format, repetition, severity of patient illness and lack of clinician buy-in. he population of Asians, including those of more than one race, is estimated at 18.2 million in the United States in 2011. With this growing population and these limitations, we propose the following recommendations for use with Asian American populations: A greater focus on somatic symptoms, the impact cultural perspectives inluence conceptualization of mental illness, and the impact of stigma and negative associations on symptom presentation. hrough a poster presentation, we will discuss and evaluate cultural values of Asian American populations, the various barriers towards the implementation, application of the DSM-5 CFI to inform clinicians, and provide an approachable cultural assessment tool for generalized practice. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 31 Gianni Gallello et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Chemical element levels as a methodological tool in forensic science Gianni Gallello, Julia Kuligowski, Agustín Pastor, Agustín Diez and Joan Bernabeu University of Valencia, Spain I n many cases a previous impact on the structure and chemical composition of the bones is induced by cremation during funerary rituals, accident and other human activities. In this study, we have created a statistical classiication of carbonized and cremated bones, as well as bones exposed to unknown thermal conditions to identify the degree of burning and to control the impact of diagenesis throughout chemical element analysis. Major elements, trace elements and Rare Earth Elements (REEs, lanthanides) in cremations have been determinate employing ICP-OES. Samples from the inner part of their bones have been divided into “carbonized” indicating bones ired in reducing atmosphere, “cremated” for bones ired in oxidizing atmosphere and “unknown” for bones of unidentiiable burning. Furthermore, bone samples from the outer bone layer, unburned bones and soil samples have been analyzed. PCA have showed that bone samples obtained from the outer bone layer had a diferent elemental composition more similar to soil than samples of the inner bone layer. PLS-DA results obtained in this study have conirmed that changes in thermal conditions are associated to chemical transformations in the mineral part of the bones. When the thermal conditions in burned bones are uncertain or burned bones are environmentally contaminated, statistical tests may help to assess the condition of cremations according to the elemental proile of samples. he proposed method could be useful in forensic science investigations to select better preserved samples in diferent scenarios. Biography Gianni Gallello is an Italian Researcher that has completed his PhD at the University of Valencia (Spain). He has been developing new methodological proposals since 2009 to overcome some scientiic problems in different disciplines (forensic science, archaeology, biology and geology). Some of his results have been published in important indexed international journals. gianga@alumni.uv.es J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 32 S P Goyal, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Achievements and challenges in development of wildlife forensics in south-east Asia for controlling illegal trade for biodiversity conservation: A case study from India S P Goyal Wildlife Institute of India, India O ne of the major causes in failure of proper implementation of laws was lack of wildlife forensic facility to identify species from various wildlife parts and products for better conservation of resources in south-east Asia. We discuss outcome of the collaborative work undertaken in wildlife forensics with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services. 65 per cent cases in India can be dealt with morphometry based techniques as items were hair, skin, claws, antler, musk pod and bone. 40 per cent samples among hair were shawls of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsoni) and we describe simple ield criteria in distinguishing wool samples from other species. Of the ca. >300 wildlife ofence cases related to tissue, we noted major problems were in proper preservation of samples and lack of reference samples. A simple manual and kit were prepared for proper preservation of tissue samples for enforcement oicers. For dealing ofences of tissue (n=>300), Wildlife Forensic DNA facility was established to standardize techniques for identifying species from various animal parts. A need of standardizing protocols for extracting DNA from Wildlife Forensic materials was felt because of degraded samples and development of molecular markers. Of the four protocols tested for 30 meat samples, 10% samples showed very good quality DNA which resulted in RAPD ampliication. 70% samples indicated degraded DNA whereas 20% samples yielded very less DNA which needs to be extracted again by modifying protocols. We also tested DNA protocols for other biological samples such as skin (n=6), hairs (n=10), bear bile (n=4), musk pod (n=4), antler (n=1), ivory (n=2) and blood (n=5). We initiated to establish DNA proile of Indian species (n=100) based on cytochrome b, 12s RNA and 16s RNA. We discuss the initiative undertaken for identifying source of origin of tiger leopard and elephant and sensitization among enforcement agencies. Biography S P Goyal, MSc and PhD (Zoology) is working with the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India for last 27 years. He worked on a number of species ranging from Fruit bats to elephant. He is Nodal Oficer, Wildlife Forensic Cell of the Institute. One of the important tasks is to develop protocols for species identiication which is needed in implementation of national laws and International treaties. He has initiated a research work on “Panthera tigris genome: Implications in forensics” mainly to establish reference genetic database to determine geographic origin of poaching cases and has immense global signiicance. He has widely traveled across world to acquire new technologies for use in developing wildlife forensics and in other issues of wildlife conservation. goyalsp@wii.gov.in J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 33 Tom Smale et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA The use of localised thermal desorption for extraction of volatile hydrocarbons from within a ire scene: A multi-study analysis Tom Smale, Isaac Arthur, David Royds, Amy Mc Mahon, Sarah Higgins and Amber Chalker Canberra Institute of Technology, Australia F ire scene investigation can be aided by detecting the presence of chemical compounds native to commonly-used accelerants, such as petroleum. An accepted method for detecting these compounds involves the use of thermal desorption coupled with headspace sampling for extraction, followed by chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GCMS). his procedure traditionally requires the transport of debris to a laboratory, which presents a problem when attempting to extract accelerant residue from ixed surfaces within a scene. Over the past three years multiple studies have been conducted at the Canberra Institute of Technology using a custom-made Passive Headspace Residue Extraction Device (PHRED) to create an isolated headspace within a target region of the ire scene, without causing heat damage to the scene itself. Studies have involved sampling the headspace via activated charcoal and Solid Phase Microextraction and subsequent analysis via GC-MS. he results of these various studies have found this technique to be a viable, non-destructive approach for chemical compound extraction and collection. Biography Tom Smale completed his Bachelor of Forensic Science in 2011 from the Canberra Institute of Technology and his Bachelor of Psychology with Honours in 2005 from the Australian National University. He has previously worked with the Australian Federal Police Firearms ID & Armoury Team in a voluntary capacity and currently lectures at the Canberra Institute of Technology in Crime Scene Investigation, Communication in Forensic Science, Comparative Analysis and Court Procedures and Protocol. He has recently published his irst journal article in the Australian Journal of Forensic Science. thomas.smale@cit.edu.au J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 34 Ward Allen, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Secure digital forensic imaging (SDFI) Ward Allen SDFI-TeleMedicine, USA S ecure Digital Forensic Imaging (SDFI) is used as a legal process that utilizes photographic capture devices, image management sotware tools and sotware encryption technologies. hese three primary elements of secure digital forensic imaging continue to evolve independently of each other. Most forensic photographers have embraced the advancing technology by moving away from ilm based capture devices and into digital capture devices, however, cell phone cameras and most point and shoot devices lack the ability to capture RAW iles or capture viable depth of ield, key elements within the Secure Digital Forensic Imaging process. Additionally, an expert in photography is not, by default an expert with computers or an expert with encryption tools. Digital forensic images must legible, be secured from unnecessary access and protected from tampering to be legally viable. Biography Ward Allen completed a Business Communications Certiicate from Ryerson Polytechnic University in Toronto, Canada in 1993 and was awarded his Bachelor of Business Administration from Mercy College in Dobbs Ferry, New York in 2003. Between 1992 and 2002, he worked for various imaging companies including Polaroid Corporation in both Canada and the United States. In 2003, he founded SDFI-TeleMedicine in Los Angeles, California then moved the company to the Las Vegas area where the company continues to thrive after 11 years creating and supporting secure digital forensic imaging solutions for various industries. Ward.Allen@SDFI.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 35 Ronn Johnson, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Forensic psychological autopsy of home grown terrorists: More questions than answers Ronn Johnson University of San Diego, USA I nternationally, the clinical forensic and public safety signiicance of gun violence in academic settings is not a diicult case to make. Columbine, the Norway Killings, Virginia Tech, and Beslan school hostage crisis in Russia are global residual PTSD reminders. he Sandy Hook School Shooting is a more recent incident that is again marked by a public outcry for answers to the logical why question that relexively emerges in the atermath of such incidents. Prediction poses a number of empirical challenges because this area has received comparatively limited research clinical forensic attention. he clinical forensicrelevant questions center on a desire to uncover the presence of non-overlapping sets of symptoms. he media’s seeming intent was to place the Sandy Hook Shooter (Adam Lanza) into a convenient one size its all psychological containers. For example, the media speculated that an Autism Spectrum Disorder was the primary causal force behind the violence. It is probably empirically wiser to avoid using these non-empirical thumbnail assessments for these cases because there is no universally acceptable way to predict violence or for that matter terrorism. Even though Lanza had a mental health history, there is no wellvalidated nexus between the psychopathology and the shootings. Despite the inherent psychological assessment challenges, there is clinical and forensic psychological justiication for using a recognized mental health technique to approach evaluating the psychosocial circumstances surrounding this incident. A forensic psychological autopsy is one approach for identifying the potential biopsychosociocultural aspects underlying this type of act. Internationally, this method has demonstrated reliability and validity. his presentation reviews the use of a forensic psychological autopsy (FPA) as a method to collect information about Adam Lanza as it pertains to the Sandy Hook Shooting incident. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include: ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 36 S P Goyal et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Genetic structure of tiger populations in India and its signiicance in forensics S P Goyal, Reeta Sharma, S Mishra and Imran Khan Wildlife Institute of India, India T he goal of tiger conservation is to maintain suiciently large populations of each subspecies in its natural habitat that ensured high probabilities of long term survival. Poaching for illegal trade is a serious threat across its range. Success in tiger conservation is to curtail global traicking in tiger parts and products. Development of genetic tools has enabled tracking poaching of endangered species to their source population. Project is aimed at establishing genotyping data proile of tiger population in India and use for tracking poaching cases to its geographic origin. We examined genetic structure of tigers based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA using scat samples collected from tiger reserves and tissue samples. Mitochondrial DNA data indicates unique haplotype in cytochrome b gene, which was used to diferentiate population from northern (Rajaji to Pakke Tiger Reserves) to rest of the tiger populations. A major challenge in developing genotyping proile from nuclear DNA is to identify suitable microsatellite loci which are suitable for poor to good quality scat samples therefore, we screened 60 loci. Of these, 26 loci ranged from moderate to good for using them on such samples that were <200 bp. We examined genetic structure of samples collected from Rajaji-Corbett Population (RC), Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR), Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), Central India (CI) and zoo (Z) tiger populations. he mean observed heterozygosity ranged 0.28 to 0.69 and was in the order of CI>RC>BTR>Z>RTR. he observed mean efective allele per locus ranged 1.53 to 3.76 with the highest in RC population. Fst values for population structuring indicates a population diferentiation from moderate to high among examined populations and observed values (Fst>0.033) are suitable for Bayesian based population assignment. Genetic variation within population was c.82%, where as, among population was 18%. We discuss population assignment based on Bayesian approach for tracking tiger poaching. Biography S P Goyal, MSc and PhD (Zoology) is working with the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India for last 27 years. He worked on a number of species ranging from Fruit bats to elephant. He is Nodal Oficer, Wildlife Forensic Cell of the Institute. One of the important tasks is to develop protocols for species identiication which is needed in implementation of national laws and International treaties. He has initiated a research work on “Panthera tigris genome: Implications in forensics” mainly to establish reference genetic database to determine geographic origin of poaching cases and has immense global signiicance. He has widely traveled across world to acquire new technologies for use in developing wildlife forensics and in other issues of wildlife conservation. goyalsp@wii.gov.in J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 37 Abbassi Salah-Eddine, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Children terrorists, children in danger or dangerous? Abbassi Salah-Eddine Worldwide Association of Women Forensic Experts, France Problem: Having grown up within the armed terrorist groups, their only references are those warriors who call themselves mujahidin against the "taghout" here is the unique model of life they know; A life of a fugitive, wild where terror reigns. It is in this perspective that we try to think of a criminological point of view the following problem: Your little assess their dangerousness? hey are predisposed to adapt to civilian life? How can we accompany Are they children in danger or dangerous? What treatment is best suited to their situation? Introduction: hey are oten treated as children of terrorists, suicide bombers, or “bad seed”. his systematic stigmatization excluded from the civil society. Besides these children are primarily seen as "the girl's son, or sister" they are recognized through their terrorist father treated as such, whether or not repented not to their own person. his societal phenomenon can only fuel the cycle of violence (“Violence creates violence”). heir predisposition to victim genes factors (age, physical or mental vulnerability, etc.) while they undergo the hatred of former victims of terrorism, and must pay somehow the price of impunity for crimes of their parents they are not responsible. Biography Abbassi Salah-Eddine is a PhD student at EHESS in Paris. His research interest includes: Terrorism researcher, criminology research & victimology, together with clinical criminology and socio-criminology on variety of topics: the victims of forced marriages, terrorism and fundamentalism and any other form of marginalization, deviant or delinquent behaviours concerning the youth born of immigration, as well as judicial psychology, private security and ire safety. contact@abbassi-criminologie.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 38 Ronn Johnson et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Forensic mental health treatment in juvenile justice secure care facilities for juvenile ire setters and bomb makers: Clinical and forensic public safety recommendations Ronn Johnson, J Y Cindy Kim, M A Elizabeth Grace, Stephanie Cunningham and Derrick Young University of San Diego, USA J uvenile ire setting or “juvenile arson” has been identiied as the fastest growing ire public safety threat in the United States today. It is responsible for more than 50% of arson arrests which are juveniles. hese individuals are responsible for 80,000 structure ires, including 300 deaths and 1.2 billion dollars in property damage. Responding to the needs of juvenile ofenders with co-occurring psychological issues constitute a legitimate public safety decision making concern for correctional administrators and mental health providers. Youth arrested for arson and other ire-related crimes are oten remanded into the juvenile justice system (i.e., through juvenile court). A prudent public safety course of action involves inding ways to deal with the myriad of challenges posed by Juvenile Fire Setters and Bomb makers (JFSB). hese eforts warrant relying upon both empirically based indings that provide guidance towards developing a best-practice model. Forensic mental health providers can play a key role in improving the care of youth and their families while they are in these secure facilities. As an intervention philosophy, therapeutic jurisprudence may be of great assistance. hese intervention eforts are largely implemented through the partnerships between juvenile justice care facilities and forensic mental health providers. he primary goal is to have a reasonable public safety impact that assists both the youth and the community. his presentation examines clinical forensic issues associated with delivering JFSB services in secure facilities. Some attention is devoted to exploring the need for a strong interdisciplinary relationship (e.g., ire service, forensic mental health providers, and juvenile justice). Clinical and forensic recommendations that serve as treatment guidelines for incarcerated youth are also discussed. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include: ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 39 Ronn Johnson et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Forensic use of the DSM-5 quadrant in juvenile ire setter and bomb maker cases: A mitigation of criminal responsibility? Ronn Johnson, Jessica Mueller, Eric Jacobs, Elizabeth Grace University of San Diego, USA F orensic mental health specialists have an ethical and legal obligation to develop assessment and culturally responsive treatment protocols that take into account the full range of symptoms that relect underlying psychopathology. hese symptoms are most oten assessed using the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). he DSM-5 is the most commonly used diagnostic reference for mental health practitioners and the recency of the current edition makes it necessary to reevaluate how it can be used with juvenile forensic cases, particularly with respect to criminal responsibility. his is especially relevant when public safety behaviors such as juvenile ire setting or bomb making (JFSB). From a forensic treatment standpoint, the motivations for JFSB are more likely than not to stem from psychopathology that must be accurately identiied and disentangled from other risk and other vulnerability factors. he DSM-5 is an assessment tool that provides detailed information regarding the types of symptoms, behavioral characteristics, and serves as a starting point for potential treatments for a wide range mental health diagnoses that occur internationally. here are four DSM-5 diagnostic symptomatology patterns that are commonly observed with juvenile ire setters. hese overlapping diagnostic patterns are referred to as the JFSB DSM-5 Quadrant. When developing assessments for juveniles, forensic mental health specialists must demonstrate the competencies necessary to determine what particular clinical features of these four JFSB-relevant disorders may be present in these juveniles. As with adults, juveniles with psychological disorders could be determined as not being responsible for committing a crime (e.g., ire setting or bomb making). It is imperative to explore how the disorders commonly seen in JFSB could impact criminal responsibility. his presentation explores JFSB, DSM-5 Quadrant and criminal responsibility. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include: ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 40 Ronn Johnson et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Treatment strategies for forensic psychologists working with juvenile ire setters and bomb makers’ parents Ronn Johnson1, Christine Collins1, Yasmin Saadatzadeh1, Stephanie Cunningham1, Michelle Jimenez1, and Eric Jacobs2 1 University of San Diego Clinical Mental Health, USA 2 Alliant International University, USA J uvenile ire setting and bomb making (JFSB) has a signiicant public safety and iscal costs associated with it. Juvenile ire setting behavior goes far beyond a simple designation as “curiosity” for the youth involved in these incidents. Instead, the behavior is oten a manifestation of more expanded forensically relevant psychological issues (e.g., risk assessment level and motivation). If appropriate inventions are utilized when the behaviors are identiied in the early stages, then the juvenile ire setting behavior can be the primary focus of the evidenced based interventions (e.g., FATJAM). Over the past few decades an increasing amount of research has been collected in this area, and it has become apparent that one of the important factors in achieving success for these juveniles is a healthy involvement of a parent or legal guardian. Parental endorsement or denial of the ire setting behavior can impact the progress of a child’s towards controlling unwanted JFSB behavior. At the same time, parents/legal guardians provide forensic mental health professionals with important information as to the role ire setting behavior may play in the broader clinical picture of the juvenile. herefore, while the relationship between the juvenile and the mental health professional remains a priority, working with the parent or guardian is also concomitant intervention variable that must be pursued in an efort to achieve the desired clinical forensic outcomes with JFSBs. his presentation will identify and explore strategies for forensic psychologists may use when working with the parents or guardians of JFSBs. Current research will be examined, while also reviewing and identifying suggestions as to where improvements can be made. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 41 Ronn Johnson et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Can pre-treatment motivational groups in FATJAM promote therapeutically relevant changes for juvenile ire setters and bomb makers in forensic psychological settings? Ronn Johnson, Michelle Jimenez and Derrick Young University of San Diego, USA J uvenile ire setters and bomb makers (JFSB) constitute an increasing public safety concern. Forensic psychological and clinical settings have relied heavily on assessment measures and various clinical tools while delivering pre-treatment and screening services that are designed to help deal with various JFSB issues. Research has led to evidenced based treatment programs like FATJAM that are oten used to reduce destructive behavior and recidivism (i.e., threats to public safety). he traditional treatment of juveniles has been to use more of a reactive approach within those same clinical forensic settings. Motivation has been identiied as being a critical intervention component for changing an individual’s unwanted behavior. his presentation aims to discuss how a motivational therapy orientation may be used to provide therapeutically-relevant changes in JFSBs. he presentation also reviews the use of pre-treatment groups that emphasize motivational therapy as a therapeutically-relevant strategy. he overall objective is to explain how pre-treatment motivational groups can result in desirable clinical changes (i.e., measured by subsequent risk assessments) by focusing on biopsychosociocultural factors through FATJAM interventions that incorporate a motivational group therapy component within a psychological forensic setting. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 42 Ronn Johnson et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Refusing and withdrawing from forensic psychological evaluation and treatment cases for juvenile ire setters and bomb makers Ronn Johnson1, Jessica Mueller2, Yasmin Saadatazadeh1, J Y Cindy Kim1 and Christine Collins2 University of San Diego Clinical Mental Health, USA 2 Alliant International University, USA 1 F ires and bombs created by juveniles has become an increasing public safety matter over the last two decades. Annually in the United States, juveniles are responsible for 46% of all ires and bombs. he consequences of these actions include 300 ire-related deaths and 1.2 billion dollars in property damage. In order to reduce these troublesome public safety statistics, programs have been created to assess and treat juvenile ire setters and bomb makers. he Forensic Assessment & herapeutic Jurisprudence Assistance Model (FATJAM) is an evidenced based intervention model that targets juveniles who set ires and create bombs. Although programs similar to FATJAM have made impact on reducing ire setting and bomb making behaviors, there remain juveniles refusing and withdrawing from forensic services. Eforts have been made to reduce the number of juveniles refusing and withdrawing from treatment, however many clinical forensic programs are still observing a rise in these numbers. In order to understand how and why the refusal and withdrawal of forensic psychological evaluation and treatment for these individuals continues to occur. his presentation will focus on the biopsychosociocultural risk factors associated with juvenile ire setters and bomb makers. In addition, there will be a review of Juvenile Fire Setter and Bomb Maker (JFSB) behaviors and how it relates to the refusal and/or withdrawal from forensic psychological evaluation and treatment. Speciic forensic mental health statistics will be shared in order to illustrate the scope of the JFSB noncompliance issues found in these clinical forensic service programs. Biography Ronn Johnson is licensed and board certiied clinical psychologist with extensive experience in academic and clinical settings. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. He has served as a staff psychologist in community mental health clinics, hospitals, schools and university counseling centers. The University of Iowa, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Central Oklahoma, and San Diego State University are among the sites of his previous academic appointments. His forensic, scholarship, and teaching interests include ethical-legal issues, police psychology, women death penalty, and contraterrorism. ronnjohncts@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 43 Page 44 Track 2, 3, 4 & 8 Day 2 October 07, 2014 2: Forensic DNA Analysis 3: Forensic Anthropology 4: Forensic Odontology 8: Forenisc Engineering Jerry Melbye, University of North Texas, USA Session Chair Session Introduction M AL Salih, DNA Refrence Lab, USA Session Co-Chair Title: Novel concepts for the application of rapid DNA technology as a sentinel event prophylactic in the criminal justice system Title: Evaluation of the “ETHNITEST” as a basic genetic tool in the assessment of ethnic origin for forensic and medical applications George W Adams, University of North Texas, USA Title: Forensic anthropology, the past, the present and the future M AL Salih, DNA Refrence Lab, USA Jerry Melbye, University of North Texas, USA Title: Development of the standard of the determination of genetic identity on the basis of the predetermined level of reliability of DNA identiication Title: Multidisciplinary approaches to complex investigations in the UK Irina Perepechina, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Julie Roberts, Cellmark Forensic Services, UK Title: Forensic research of DNA markers of hereditary disorders Irina Perepechina, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Title: Work of a forensic anthropologist S K Dhattarwal, PGIMS, India Title: Comparison of gunshot entrance morphologies caused by 40-caliber Smith & Wesson, 380caliber, and 9-mm Luger bullets: A inite element analysis study Title: Investigation of some vapour and dust explosions Rodrigo Ivo Matoso, State University of Campinas, Brazil Luca Marmo, Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy Title: Direct and indirect age estimation methods for primary teeth P Sema Aka, University of Ankara, Turkey Title: Building an international network of professionals to enhance forensic work in post-conlict countries Ena Dion, International Network to Promote the Rule of Law (INPROL), USA Title: Standards, protocols and globalization of forensic odontology Alan Diego Briem Stamm, University of Rosario, Argentina Title: Techniques of forensic identiication in dentistry Maria Cecilia Pastor, WAWFE, Peru Title: Positive identiication of a burned body using an implanted orthopedic plate Rodrigo Ivo Matoso, State University of Campinas, Brazil Title: Postmortem vitreous chemistry: An evaluation of sodium, potassium and chloride levels in estimation of time since death (during the irst 36 hours after death) Title: Processing and DNA typing of old skeletal remains training courses in Slovenia Chandrakanth Hungund, JSS University, India Erdogan Oncun, Oncun Forensic Science Service, Cyprus Title: Reconstruction of the dynamics of a huge ire in a steel-rolling plant: Methods of investigation Luca Marmo, Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy Title: Human rights and forensic technology in Colombia Nadezhda Araujo Quintero, Università di Bologna, Italy Title: Researching causes in 2003 Algiers (Algeria) earthquake disaster: A new multidisciplinary approach to learn lessons from disasters (Forensic Investigations of Disasters (FORIN)) Title: Context, practice and development of the forensic anthropology Djillali Benouar, USTHB, Algeria Francisco Douglas Rosa Machado, Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil Forensic Research-2014 Page 45 George W Adams, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Novel concepts for the application of rapid DNA technology as a sentinel event prophylactic in the criminal justice system George W Adams University of North Texas, USA R apid DNA Technology (RDT) may hold the key to the elimination of a signiicant number of sentinel events. Sentinel events (SE) in the criminal justice system may best be explained through the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations’ (JACHO) deinition as “an unexpected occurrence involving death or severe physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof ”. he most notable SE in the criminal justice system today is a wrongful conviction which exposes all attendant parties to signiicant personal and institutional liabilities. he International Association of Chiefs of Police/U.S. Department of Justice released its August report on the Wrongful Convictions Summit. In the report, there were thirty recommendations to reduce sentinel events in the criminal justice system. Sentinel events are likely the result of compound errors. he recommendations of the Summit Advisory Group focused on preventing the compounding of errors (racial proiling, investigative biases, aggressive interviewing, faulty lineup protocols, false testimony and eyewitness errors) to which Doyle refers. Currently, the public safety community seems to be virtually silent on the use of RDT as a sentinel event prophylactic in fulilling the criminal justice system’s goal to protect the blameless while holding the blameworthy accountable. he injection of RDT at the earliest opportunity in the pre-charging phase of the criminal process may provide relief from the seemingly endless rise of sentinel events in the criminal justice system. Biography George W Adams is the National Director of Operations for the National Missing and Unidentiied Persons System (NamUs), and holds a Master of Arts from the University of Texas at Arlington in Criminology and Criminal Justice. He is an Associate Member of the International Association of Chiefs of Police with an Advanced Peace Oficers Certiication from the Texas Commission of Law Enforcement Standards and Education. He served on the NamUs Missing Persons Advisory group, and co-authored the irst successful National Institute of Justice NamUs Operational Competitive Agreement and two successful annual extensions for a total of $7.55 million. G.W.Adams@unthsc.edu J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 46 M AL Salih, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Evaluation of the “ETHNITEST” as a basic genetic tool in the assessment of ethnic origin for forensic and medical applications M AL Salih DNA Reference Lab, USA I n the investigation of criminal cases recent applications of DNA-based methodologies for inferring genetic ethnicity are established. A sizable number of human diseases and the eicacy of therapeutic drugs’ have been linked to ethnic backgrounds. Such racially-related diseases and drug responders included cardiovascular disorders, sickle cell anemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer and responders to the therapeutic agent BiDil for treating congestive heart failures. Surprisingly, no DNA based ethnicity method was exploited to verify the assumed link. To this end, we have developed a logarithmic method utilizing the disease free STR genetic markers, which demonstrated the suitability to separate between the two entities. he developed sotware system is currently used by our laboratory under the commercial name “Ethnitest” for inferring genetic ethnic composition in racially admixture- individuals. he assay demonstrated low error rates and accommodated up to ten population groups with distinct apportioned-admixture probabilities. Among self-claimed African American, Caucasian, Asian and Hispanic American populations, the assay demonstrated that 20%, 35%, 55% and 95% are respectively admixtures. Upon further investigations, self-claimed Hispanic populations from three diferent geographical regions (North, Central and South America) showed invariably diferent admixtures. Major constituents of these admixtures were found to be Native Americans and Europeans. In contrast, self-claimed Africans showed minimal admixtures among West African populations. However, East African populations showed diferent admixtures with African, Asian and Middle Eastern as dominant ethnicities. Composition of the North Africans revealed the dominance by European and Middle Eastern. Impact of indings on disease disparity and personalized medicine will be discussed. Biography M AL Salih has BVSC (Veterinary Medicine), MT (ASCP-Blood Bank), MS, PhD degrees. Currently he is President, Medical Laboratory Director & Forensic Technical Leader of the DNA Refrence Lab, Inc. He did his BVSC (Khartoum University), MS and PhD (Microbiology, Oregon State University), MT (Blood Bank and Transfusion Medicine, UTHSCSA). He is serving as supervising pathology faculty and is involved in graduate medical education of medical residents/fellows in transfusion medicine at UTHSCSA. In 1997, he pioneered the build-up of an accredited DNA testing facility for forensic, relationship and molecular diagnostic testing in San Antonio, Texas. He is an expert witness who testiied on several high-proile forensic cases in US courts. masalih@dnareferencelab.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 47 Jerry Melbye, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Forensic anthropology, the past, the present and the future Jerry Melbye University of North Texas, USA F orensic anthropology has changed exponentially over the past three decades. We started out as a handful of anthropologists whose main specialty was the study of ancient human populations. We studied the age at death, sex, ethnicity, variation, stature, and pathology of the bones of Homo sapiens. In a curious twist of fate we were “pre-adapted” to assist in identiication of unidentiied victims. Forensic anthropology has become a widely respected profession that takes scientiic evidence on the skeleton and applies it in a legal context to be used in a court of law. In 35 years as a forensic anthropologist the author watched the transformation from anthropologist to forensic scientist. However, forensic anthropologists have found little acceptance within anthropology departments. Our research and training has been seriously compromised. As more and more forensic science departments are being formed, we are entering a new era of technological advances. Biography Jerry Melbye completed his PhD at the University of Toronto where he taught for 35 years before transferring to Texas State University. While at Texas State, he created the world’s largest outdoor human decomposition research facility which has since become one of the most highly respected teaching facilities in the country for students and law enforcement. He is currently a Research Professor at the University of North Texas and Forensic Expert with The National Missing and Unidentiied Persons System. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Jerry.Melbye@unt.edu J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 48 Irina Perepechina, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Development of the standard for the determination of genetic identity on the basis of the predetermined level of reliability of DNA identiication Irina Perepechina Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia S ince the “absolute” criterion of the determination of genetic identity can not be, in casework there persists the problem of assessing the probability values. here are diferent approaches to its solving. Our concept supported by the elaborated detailed mathematical mechanism for its implementation aims to avoid subjectivity in deciding on identity. It is to adopt a conventional scientiically based threshold of identity and declare it as a standard for forensic experts and the court. he key point of the concept is that the choice of the criterion in question should be made on the basis of the adopted decision on what level of reliability of identiication is acceptable to the domestic judicial system. he standard should be conservative and allow drawing a conclusion regardless of the factual background of the case. It is to be adopted by an authorized collegial body comprising: scientiic experts (forensic DNA scientists, molecular and population geneticists, mathematicians) of whose competence is to calculate the risk of error depending on the probability values and to present the scale of risks in such a way that non-expert is able to understand their degree; specialists in the humanities who evaluate ethical and social aspects of these risks; authorized lawyers (representatives of law enforcement, judicial community, prosecution, advocacy) who assess the scale of the risks in legal and ethical framework and decide which level is most admissible for the justice system. While legal aspects are to be decided in domestic context, scientiic aspects are common. he similar approach may be applicable to other forensics beyond DNA analysis. Biography Irina Perepechina is Professor of Department of Criminalistics of Legal faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University. She has both medical and legal education, PhD degree (1990) and Doctor of Medicine degree (2003) in Forensic Medicine (genetic identiication). Her scientiic interests focus on fo¬rensic DNA analysis, DNA evidence interpretation, DNA database, DNA phenotyping, forensic serology; legal aspects, theory and methodology of forensic science/medical law. She has more than 120 scientiic publications and manuals. She is a member of ISFG; in 1995-1999 - representative of Russian Federation in DNA WG of ENFSI. At the University, she lectures on forensic medicine, forensic genetics, criminalistics and forensic science. smi-100@mail.ru J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 49 Julie Roberts, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Multidisciplinary approaches to complex investigations in the UK Julie Roberts Cellmark Forensic Services, UK T his presentation will focus on the applications of forensic anthropology and related sciences in complex cases. A review of recent developments in the ield currently being utilized in UK forensic casework will be provided and a number of research projects aimed at improving knowledge in areas which will assist with criminal investigation will be summarized. hese include the identiication of small burnt fragments of bone using multiple techniques and the post-mortem preservation of human remains in a conined space. hree recent case studies will be presented. Two of these generated research projects which are currently ongoing and one utilized a number of scientiic techniques, including anthropology which strengthened the evidence for the prosecution. Biography Julie Roberts is Scientiic Lead and Team Leader for the Anthropology, Archaeology and Ecology Department at Cellmark Forensic Services. She holds a Doctoral degree in the subject of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology from the University of Glasgow, a Master of Science degree in Osteology, Palaeopathology and Funerary Archaeology from the University of Shefield, and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Archaeology and Ancient History from the University of Manchester. She is professionally accredited by the Royal Anthropological Institute as a senior Forensic Anthropologist and is registered with the National Crime Agency as an Expert Advisor in Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology. She is a member of the Home Ofice Forensic Expert Group advising UK DVI on Forensic Anthropology, a Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute, a member of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology, the British Association for Forensic Anthropology and the British Association for Human Identiication. Her professional experience includes senior anthropologist with the British Forensic Team in Kosovo, Lead anthropologist in the 7/7 London Bombings and deployments to assist with military fatalities and victims of terrorism in Afghanistan, Iraq and Lebanon. jroberts@cellmark.co.uk J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 50 Irina Perepechina, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Forensic research of DNA markers of hereditary disorders Irina Perepechina Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia S uch a socially important area, as the investigation of crimes, cannot exist in isolation from the progress in science including molecular medical genetics, which in recent years is rapidly developing. Such research, however, require very strict legal regulation. In the context of compliance with legislation, study of health-related information is promising for the forensic examinations. It primarily concerns those cases when there is no a suspect, and the possibility of gaining of any search information on the individual who has let traces is critical. Many hereditary diseases are characterized by the distinct visible external signs which may be noticeable and can even serve as special signs. he forensic value of the detection in traces of the DNA markers of a certain hereditary disease may also consist in a preposition that the person could be observed for this disorder in a certain medical institution, or to be registered in a certain medical account, or subjected to the genetic testing, neonatal screening, etc. his information can be useful for the preposition of a certain contingent of persons and conducting search activities in relation to them. Phenotypic manifestations of hereditary diseases can be taken into account in the investigation also beyond the DNA analysis, in drawing up the subjective portrait of the person in question. With enrichment of knowledge about molecular-genetic nature of hereditary diseases the prognostic value of the detection of their DNA markers will be all the more rise, which may expand the basis for their forensic study. Biography Irina Perepechina is Professor of Department of Criminalistics of Legal faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University. She has both medical and legal education, PhD degree (1990) and Doctor of Medicine degree (2003) in Forensic Medicine (genetic identiication). Her scientiic interests focus on fo¬rensic DNA analysis, DNA evidence interpretation, DNA database, DNA phenotyping, forensic serology; legal aspects, theory and methodology of forensic science/medical law. She has more than 120 scientiic publications and manuals. She is a member of ISFG; in 1995-1999 - representative of Russian Federation in DNA WG of ENFSI. At the University, she lectures on forensic medicine, forensic genetics, criminalistics and forensic science. smi-100@mail.ru J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 51 S K Dhattarwal et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Work of a forensic anthropologist S K Dhattarwal, Pankaj Chhikara and Ruchir Sharma PGIMS, India F orensic anthropology is a specialized branch of physical anthropology, which deals with the medico-legal investigation. his branch of science grew out of need for skeletal & anatomic expertise in criminal investigations. Forensic anthropologists are oten called upon by law enforcement agencies to assist in the identiication & assessment of severely decomposed or skeletonized human remains. Such experts have vast knowledge of normal and variations in human skeleton, which they apply in their work to obtain reasonable and scientiic conclusions. he main focus of a forensic anthropologist is to assess crime scenes, skeletal remains, develop a biological proile, compile supportive documentation and testify in the provincial and federal courts. heir knowledge of the human body contributes to the outcome of a death investigation by providing law enforcement agencies with expert opinions & conclusions, which ultimately aid in solving any given case. Although a large majority of forensic anthropologists are ailiated with educational institutes and universities, their need in the law enforcement agencies is unquestionable. Biography S K Dhattarwal completed his MD Forensic Medicine from PGIMS, Rohtak in year 1987. He is the Sr. Professor and Head of Department of Forensic Medicine, Pt B. D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India. He is Medico-legal Advisor to Govt. of Haryana, India. He has published more than 27 papers in International Journal and 79 in National Journal. He has attended large number of International and National Conferences. He is member of many professional/medical organizations. He is President of Indian Medical Association, Haryana. He is associate Editor in Medico-legal Update - An International Journal and Editor, Haryana Medical Journal. He has recently contributed a Chapter on Disaster Management in book by Gautam Biswas. drskdhattarwal@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 52 Rodrigo Ivo Matoso et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Comparison of gunshot entrance morphologies caused by 40-caliber Smith & Wesson, 380-caliber, and 9-mm Luger bullets: A inite element analysis study Rodrigo Ivo Matoso, Alexandre Rodrigues Freire, Leonardo Soriano de Mello Santos, Eduardo Daruge Júnior, Ana Cláudia Rossi and Felippe Bevilacqua Prado State University of Campinas, Brazil F irearms can cause fatal wounds, which can be identiied by traces on or around the body. However, there are cases where neither the bullet nor gun is found at the crime scene. Ballistic research involving inite element models can reproduce computational biomechanical conditions, without compromising bioethics, as they involve no direct tests on animals or humans. his study aims to compare the morphologies of gunshot entrance holes caused by .40-caliber Smith & Wesson (S&W), .380-caliber, and 9×19-mm Luger bullets. A fully metal-jacketed .40 S&W projectile, a fully metal-jacketed .380 projectile, and a fully metal-jacketed 9×19-mm Luger projectile were computationally ired at the glabellar region of the inite element model from a distance of 10 cm, at perpendicular incidence. he results show diferent morphologies in the entrance holes produced by the three bullets, using the same skull at the same shot distance. he results and traits of the entrance holes are discussed. Finite element models allow feasible computational ballistic research, which may be useful to forensic experts when comparing and analyzing data related to gunshot wounds in the forehead. Biography Rodrigo Ivo Matoso has completed his MSc at the age of 35 years from State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (FOP-UNICAMP). He is the President of the Regional Council of Dentistry of Roraima State, Brazil. He is Forensic Odontologist serving at the Civil Police of Roraima State since August 2004. He was Lieutenant in Brazilian Army from 2002 to 2003. Nowadays, he is a Doctoral student at State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School. rimatoso@hotmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 53 Luca Marmo et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Investigation of some vapours and dust explosions Luca Marmo and S Padovani Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy I ndustrial accidents oten entail a domino efect which enlarge the scenario magnitude and increase the challenges in the evidence collection process. he highest the level of damage the more diicult is the investigation since more variables such as the ire brigade intervention modality and strategy have to be taken into account. Large magnitude accidents are mostly the consequence of a chain of events which can be very articulated with several root causes connected each other in a complex network which forms a chain of events. More than ever such investigations can be successful only in case beside the evidence collection process a proper process of evidence analysis is developed. his phase should allow the investigation team to analyze all the possible chains of events so that the actual sequence is deined. his process leads to deine also the root causes of the accident and, last but not least, to deine the lessons learned. his paper describes the investigation of several vapours and dust explosions occurred in industrial plants. One occurred in the reservoir park of a plant that processed pomace oil to get edible olive oil, was followed by a huge ire and caused 4 fatalities. he second was a small explosion that occurred in a tank park where no lammable parain should have been stored. Fortunately this accident caused only minor injuries and few damages. hen three diferent aluminum dust explosions investigations are presented, all of those occurred in suction plants and caused one fatality and severe damages. Biography Luca Marmo is Professor of “Safety of industrial processes” at Politecnico di Torino. He is a Chemical Engineer and PhD in Chemical Engineering. Since 20 years he has worked as technical expert in Court. He investigated more than 100 ire and explosions that occurred in civil buildings and industrial plants. He has research experience in the ield of chemical reactors, loss prevention and dust explosion. He is the Director of the Center for safety of lammable atmosphere of the Politecnico di Torino. luca.marmo@polito.it J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 54 P Sema Aka et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Direct and indirect age estimation methods for primary teeth P Sema Aka, Murat Yagan, Nergis Canturk and Rukiye Dagalp University of Ankara, Turkey A ge estimation from primary teeth is an important matter for forensic odontology, which can be solved with the application of direct or indirect age estimation methods that are functions of tooth measurements. he most distinctive teeth among these are the central incisors because of their early development. he aim of this study is to determine the age of fetuses or infants by measuring the tooth development from the labio-lingual, mesio-distal, crown height, crown thickness, and root and tooth height. he data were statistically processed by regression analysis and regression formulas were derived. Age of teeth could also be estimated through the calculation of indirectly obtained data from the computerized tomography digital image measurements, where new regression formulas were derived. his method was proposed as Virtual Dental Identiication (VirDent-ID) by the authors PS. Aka and N. Canturk, and is a matter of choice instead of traditional methods. Same dental measurements were tested on the image measurements and reliable results were obtained. he results revealed that age could be estimated from various tooth dimensions within an accuracy of ±0-2 weeks for both methods. he best measurements for age estimation can be obtained from the longest vertical dimension, which is the tooth height, and the best age estimation formula was also generated from the tooth height. In conclusion, age formulas derived from direct or indirect measurements of fetus or infant tooth development stages may be used as an aid for dental identiication, until the completion of upper central primary tooth development. Biography P Sema Aka graduated from the Dental Faculty of Ankara University in Turkey in 1979, earned PhD degree in 1983, Associate Professorship in 1986, and full Professorship in 1993, at the age of 38 years. She has international publications in the ield of dental sciences and forensic odontology. She is the founder of the Forensic Odontology Unit and Head of the Forensic Odontology Committee of the “Forensic Scientists Society.” She is one of the editors of the Turkish Journal of Forensic Sciences. She retired from Ankara University in 2007 and recently working as an independent researcher. akasema@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 55 Ena Dion, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Building an international network of professionals to enhance forensic work in post conlict countries Ena Dion International Network to Promote the Rule of Law (INPROL), USA P roper use of forensic methods is a key component of functioning law enforcement and justice systems. In the wake of conlict, forensic professionals are frequently involved in training police and investigative services in forensic methods as part of broader eforts to improve the justice system. INPROL is the premier global network for professionals working on rule of law reform in post-conlict and developing countries. Comprised of over 2,000 rules of law practitioners, including forensic professionals, from 120 countries and 300 organizations, the network is a valuable platform to connect with other professionals involved in rule of law promotion projects. hese connections can help sharpen skills, grow your professional network and solve problems encountered in the ield. INPROL also ofers free research support for rule-of-law related questions, maintains an online library of thousands of resources and our posts up-to-date news, events and job postings on the website. Biography Ena Dion is a program Oficer with the US Institute of Peace’s Rule of Law Center and a rule of law facilitator for the International Network to Promote the Rule of Law (INPROL). Her previous experience includes providing technical support in the area of constitution-making to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq and the Republic of Fiji's Constitutional Commission, and working on access to justice projects with International Bridges to Justice in Cambodia. She has also worked with the International Network for Economic Social and Cultural Rights in New York and with William and Mary Law School’s Center for Comparative Legal Studies and Post-Conlict Peacebuilding. Her work at USIP focuses on improving the effectiveness and eficiency of rule of law interventions. She graduated cum laude with a Juris doctor from William and Mary School of Law and holds a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy and Political Science from McGill University. edion@usip.org J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 56 Alan Diego Briem Stamm, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Standards, protocols and globalization of forensic odontology Alan Diego Briem Stamm University of Rosario, Argentina A disaster is an unexpected event that causes death or wounds to a high number of persons and the condition of the bodies originates serious diiculties for the identiication. he promotion of teams has been recommended for these procedures (DVI), always under protocols and standards recognized internationally. Since the teeth and its restorations can resist highly unfavorable conditions, the Forensic Odontology has played a key role in the identiication of great number of victims. hough there are several diferent protocols for these cases, those of Interpol have turned out to be eicient on having demonstrated the need of expert and qualiied odontologists integrating the DVI teams. Even if diferent trends and opinions have been described in the matter, it is clear that singular situations have promoted the problems of slanted conducts in the application of the odontolgy in the processes of identiication. In this talk a review of some catastrophes from the odontologic forensic perspective is presented and proposal is made of the adhesion to a constant education, to the recognized internationally standards and to the adoption of global philosophies that it keep attentive to the requirements of the function that involves the expert odontologist. Biography Alan Diego Briem Stamm, Dentist is currently pursuing Doctorate in dentistry, 3rd cohort at the University of Corrientes, Argentina. He is the Chairman of Iberoamerican Society of Forensic Odontoestomatology (SOFIA), Teacher of "Legal Dentistry" at the University of Corrientes, Argentina, Teacher of “Forensic Dentistry" in Course University Forensic Assistant at the University of Cordoba, Argentina, Professor of Forensic Odontology School Police Corrientes, Argentina, Sub Director "Forensic Science International Management" Worlwide Group Policy. Professor of Forensic Odontology at level 1 and 2 Course International Forensic Science at the University of Cordoba, Argentina. He is also the coordinator in Argentina for the Worldwide Association of Women Forensic Experts (WAWFE). diegoalan3@hotmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 57 Maria Cecilia Pastor, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Techniques of forensic identiication in dentistry Maria Cecilia Pastor WAWFE, Peru F orensic dentistry has its own identiication procedures, like the Dental tab, the Rugoscopia, bites, and the Queiloscopia or impressions of the lips. It also has a number of elements of unquestionable value to contribute to justice, much as in the intrauterine life and ater his birth, elements that allow us to determine the identiication of people and corpses. he Dental tab is a transcendental identiication procedure because the registered states of the patients and their variation over time with arrangements of the materials that are used are almost unchanged over time and high temperatures and to this we add that teeth, the harder tissues of the body are compelling evidences to identity diferent people. It helps in case of disasters, aviation accidents, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, great destruction and identiication of the common pit. he Rugoscopia is another dental procedure of identiication. It involves taking samples of sot tissues, and these are diferent in everyone. Another identiication procedure is through the snakebites. hese are impressions of teeth let on people, objects or edible substances. We also have the Queiloscopia that consists of taking the labial by diferent methods and the traces are unique, unchanging and imperishable. Biography Maria Cecilia Pastor graduated in Odontology, DDS from Faculty of Odontology of Catholic University Santa Maria, Arequipa, Peru. She is a Specialist in Dentistry Legal and Forensic Science, Orthodontics and an Expertise in Dentistry. She is the Area Coordinator of Peru WAWFE. She is the Vice President of The Peruvian Association of Forensic Dentistry (APOFOR), Active Member of The Peruvian Society of Legal and The Forensic Dentistry and Criminology, The Argentina Society of Legal Dentistry (SADOL), The Forensic Dentistry Iberoamericana (SOFIA), The International Association for Orthodontics and The Paulista Society of Orthodontics, Brazil (SPO). She is also the Founder and President of The International Group for the Study of the Dentistry EUROAMERICA. cpastor.euroamericana@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 58 Rodrigo Ivo Matoso et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Positive identiication of a burned body using an implanted orthopedic plate Rodrigo Ivo Matoso, Eduardo de Novaes Benedicto, Silas Henrique Rabelo de Lima, Felippe Bevilacqua Prado, Eduardo Daruge and Eduardo Daruge Júnior State University of Campinas, Brazil H uman identiication is usually obtained by comparing ingerprints, antemortem and postmortem radiographs, dental records and also by DNA proiling. Sometimes forensic investigators come across some medical appliances such as orthopedic devices. hese medical devices may be useful to achieve positive human identiication. his paper aims to present a positive identiication of a burned human body by tracking batch numbers engraved in an implanted orthopedic device found in the decedent’s let ulna bone. he examiners also collected and analyzed other valuable hints related to the case. Forensic examination can provide reliable positive human identiication, even if few, but precise information can be obtained from antemortem and postmortem records. he present report illustrates a set of valuable techniques and how identifying numbers in orthopedic devices are helpful to determine positive human identiication in cases of carbonization. As seen in this case, the forensic experts used low-cost identiication procedures with accurate results, avoiding DNA proiling method that would be of higher cost and time consuming. Considering social and legal aspects, it is quite important that physicians and dentists understand that correct and accurate records of surgeries they perform, such as ixation of orthopedic devices and dental implants, are utterly relevant and helpful in cases of human identiication. Biography Rodrigo Ivo Matoso has completed his MSc at the age of 35 years from State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (FOP-UNICAMP). He is the President of the Regional Council of Dentistry of Roraima State, Brazil. He is Forensic Odontologist serving at the Civil Police of Roraima State since August 2004. He was Lieutenant in Brazilian Army from 2002 to 2003. Nowadays, he is a Doctoral student at State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School. rimatoso@hotmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 59 Chandrakanth Hungund, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Postmortem vitreous chemistry: An evaluation of sodium, potassium and chloride levels in estimation of time since death (during the irst 36 hours after death) Chandrakanth Hungund JSS University, India E stimation of time since death is a paramount medico-legal issue in any postmortem examination. he present study is intended to study the correlation between postmortem interval and vitreous humor chemistry for sodium, potassium, and chlorides. he study is aimed to ind male-female diferences and diferences between right and let eyes in vitreous chemistry. he vitreous humor samples were collected in 114 autopsies conducted in the study center and analyzed biochemically. All the cases where exact time of death was known and where the time since death ranged between 0 and 36 hours were included in the study. Data obtained was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 11.0. he present research did not ind a signiicant correlation between vitreous chemistry and postmortem interval. he diferences in vitreous sodium, potassium, chloride levels and the sodium potassium ratio among males and females and between right and let eyes was not found to be statistically signiicant. Biography Chandrakanth Hungund has completed his MBBS in 1998 from Mysore University and MD (Forensic Medicine & Toxicology) in 2004 from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. He is working as Associate Professor in Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and serving as member of Board of Studies at JSS University Mysore. chandparu20076@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 60 Erdogan Oncun et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Processing and DNA typing of old skeletal remains training courses in Slovenia Erdogan Oncun1 and Irena Zupanic Pajnic2 1 Oncun Forensic Science Service, Cyprus 2 University of Ljubljana, Slovenia D NA typing of skeletal remains has become very important in identiication cases. We would like to present the 5-day training courses “Processing and DNA typing of old skeletal remains” which take place since 2013 every month in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia - EU, announced on ISFG homepage. In Slovenia 600 hidden mass graves from Second World War were registered in last 20 years with approximately 100 000 victims of Yugoslav communist armed forces and identiication of skeletal remains of WWII victims was performed for some of mass graves. Nuclear DNA is the preferred genome of ampliication for forensic purposes as it is individually speciic and provides bi-parental kinship information. In the past, mitochondrial DNA testing was regularly employed in the forensic identiication of aged skeletal remains. Recently, Slovenian researchers reported the successful typing of nuclear STRs from ancient WWII skeletal material. he training course with maximum of three participants includes experimental individual work with approximately 70 years old bones and provides the participants irst-hand knowledge of how to perform bone DNA typing. Procedures for processing the bone sample (mechanical and chemical cleaning, cutting, and grinding into the powder in presence of liquid nitrogen), decalciication of bone powder, DNA extraction, DNA puriication, DNA quantiication with real-time PCR, DNA typing of nuclear STRs, electrophoretic separation of ampliied fragments and evaluation of DNA typing results are shown on concrete old bone samples and the most of the steps are experimentally performed by participants. he course is designed to deliver advanced level training to experienced laboratory based scientists that are familiar to DNA typing technologies. he unique training course is performed in the forensic molecular genetic laboratory equipped specially for processing old bones and teeth. he course using forensic human identiication methods and commercially available human ID kits is suitable not only for participants who would like to process old skeletal remains but also those who would like to perform in their laboratories the identiication of relatively fresh human remains where no other material than bones or teeth are let for molecular genetic analyses. Biography Erdogan Oncun BSc (Hons) is Forensic Molecular Biologist and graduated from University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom in 2011. He attended to courses, 15 - 24 November 2013 Forensic Odontology course, Ankara, Turkey and 07-11 March 2014 Processing and DNA typing of old skeletal remains course, Ljubljana, Slovenia. He is now owner of Oncun Forensic Science Service/Consulting in North Cyprus and member of ISFG. erdogan.oncun@googlemail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 61 Luca Marmo et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Reconstruction of the dynamics of a huge ire in a steel-rolling plant: Methods of investigation Luca Marmo1, Norberto Piccinini1 and Luca Fiorentini2 Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy 2 Tecsa SRL, Italy 1 T he authors of this paper are the technical experts that were entrusted by the Public Prosecutor to conduct the technical inquiry into the accident that occurred in the hyssen Krupp plant in Torino on December 6, 2007. Here the inquiry methods are discussed and the main results of the investigation are presented. his was a complex accident which involved the unrolling unit of a pickling and annealing line. No previous similar accidents were reported in the literature. Hence this was an unusual accident that implied a complex investigation. From this episode very important lessons for the steel industry can be learnt. he ire irst started as a small localized ire that induced the eight workers on duty to try to extinguish the ire. Suddenly, a violent jet ire occurred. Seven workers sufered very serious burns, one died instantaneously while the other six did during the next month. he investigation was multidisciplinary. he main aspects were: Data collection from PLC and their interpretation, material properties study, witnesses’ collection, damages examination. Also some CFD simulations made using FDS were used to investigate the ire dynamics and the magnitude of the efects. Cross linking of the evidences was the main instrument that allowed distinguishing among the diferent hypothesis on the accident dynamics. Also this process lead to deine the root causes of the accident and the weakness of the plant and of the management system of the company. Biography Luca Marmo is Professor of “Safety of industrial processes” at Politecnico di Torino. He is a Chemical Engineer and PhD in Chemical Engineering. Since 20 years he has worked as technical expert in Court. He investigated more than 100 ire and explosions that occurred in civil buildings and industrial plants. He has research experience in the ield of chemical reactors, loss prevention and dust explosion. He is the Director of the Center for safety of lammable atmosphere of the Politecnico di Torino. luca.marmo@polito.it J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 62 Nadezhda Araujo Quintero, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Human rights and forensic technology in Colombia Nadezhda Araujo Quintero Università di Bologna, Italy I n a country with six million of victims of the internal armed conlict that is currently advancing a peace agreement with the illegal armed group FARC, forensic anthropology stands as a ield of science of vital importance for the reparation for victims, not only as a mean for positive identiication of human remains, but also at the sociological level as an instrument that would allow the knowledge of truth of the Colombian society. Currently, even if the Colombian state has frequently stated its commitment with reparation of victims, there still is a profound lack of awareness of forensic anthropology itself and its usefulness, as it still is a ield that is just beginning to develop within the country. In this brief exposition about the current state of forensic anthropology in Colombia, the author will address the achievements, challenges and shortcomings of the ield and suggest possible ways to overcome them in a context of human rights abuses and in the eventuality of a post conlict era in Colombia. nadezhda.araujo@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 63 Djillali Benouar, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Researching causes in 2003 Algiers (Algeria) earthquake disaster: A new multidisciplinary approach to learn lessons from disasters (Forensic Investigations of Disasters (FORIN)) Djillali Benouar USTHB, Algeria D isasters are increasingly being understood as ‘processes’ and not discreet ‘events’. Moreover, the causes of disasters are driven by complex engineering, socio-economic, socio-cultural, and various geophysical factors. Such interacting driving factors, occurring across a range of temporal and spatial scales, combine in numerous ways to conigure disaster risks. Using some selected disasters in Algeria, the dynamics of such risks and their conigurations will be explored using a new approach and methodology, namely Forensic Disaster Investigations (also called FORIN methodology). he FORIN methodology came out of the recognition inspite of the considerable increase in knowledge about disasters; unfortunately losses are not showing any corresponding decrease. Indeed, it seems, the more we have learned, the more we are losing. he FORIN methodology is based on the idea that this situation is due to the fact that much current research is still informed by a focus on surface symptoms of observations and events rather than critical causes and processes of disaster risk construction and accumulation. Forensic task is perhaps similar to solving a picture of a disaster puzzle. Initially, there are dozens or even hundreds of apparently disorganized pieces piled when examined individually, each piece may not provide much information. Methodically, the various pieces are sorted and patiently itted together in a logical context taking into account all the parameters. Slowly, an overall picture of the disaster emerges. When a signiicant portion of the disaster puzzle has been solved, it then becomes easier to see where the remaining pieces it. he Integrated Research on Disaster Risk programme is proposing new methodologies to examine the root issues surrounding the increase in disaster cost both human and economic. his paper attempts, as a case study, to investigate the M6.8 Algiers (Algeria) earthquake disaster of May 21, 2003. On Wednesday 21 May 2003, at 19h 44m 2s (18h 44m 2s UTC), a destructive earthquake occurred in the Boumerdes-Algiers region afecting a rather densely populated and industrialized region of about 3,500,000 people. It is one of the strongest recorded seismic events in North Africa. he depth of the focus was about 10 km. he magnitude of the earthquake was calculated at M=6.8. he main shock, which lasted about 40 sec, and the two largest atershocks (both reached M 5.8 on 27 and 29 May 2003) caused the loss of 2,278 lives, injuring more than 11,450, making 1,240 missing and 182,000 homeless; they destroyed or seriously damaged at least 200,000 housing units and about 6,000 public buildings in ive wilayas (provinces). Biography Djillali Benouar has completed his PhD from Imperial College (University of London, UK) and his MSc from Stanford University (CA, USA) and postdoctoral studies from University of Tokyo (Japan). He is a professor of earthquake engineering and Disaster Risk Management at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at the University of Science and technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) in Algeria and is the director of the Built Environment Research laboratory (LBE) at USTHB. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member. dbenouar@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 64 Rainer Wortmann, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.014 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA The work of supervisor forensic artists education, methods, special cases and international cooperation Rainer Wortmann Forensic Artist for the Department of Biometrics, Germany F orensic Artists are specialists who know how to visualize and actualize the memory of a subject from the speciic areas of an individual’s brain by using a modiied cognitive interview technique. he goal of the forensic artist is to transfer all of what an eyewitness or traumatized victim describes into a perfect image through the use of digital imaging sotware and/or hand drawings. A composite, however, is not only a portrait of a wanted person. All identiiable and recognizable individual characteristics are useful to investigate and locate unidentiied persons. For example, it can be helpful to display the head in proile view to show the speciic shape of a nose or ear. A composite of an individual or group identifying a unique shape, appearance or speciic clothing can facilitate an investigation. Identiiable objects such as jewelry, paintings, weapons, carry bags, and vehicles as well as the setting and/or speciic buildings and landmarks can help identify the person(s) or location associated with the crime scene. A Forensic Artist is able sketch an age progression for longtime missing persons, children and perpetrators and reconstructs disigured or decaying faces from corpses. Reference materials are critical in Forensic Artistry as the collective vocabulary, based on our individual mental images and schema, vary dramatically for developing detailed descriptions. Wortmann concludes that the optimal way for eyewitnesses to perform their task efectively and eiciently, is to describe what they visualize with the aid of specialized reference tools. Biography Rainer Wortmann is the head Forensic Artist for the Department of Biometrics at the State Ofice of Criminal Investigation headquartered in Stuttgart, BadenWürttemberg, Germany. He has been creating composites for more than 16 years and is the vice-chairman of the Federal Workgroup Composite in Germany. In 2008 he was trained by the FBI-Academy (Quantico, USA) in Forensic Facial Imaging and in 2010 by the NCMEC at USF (Tampa, USA) in Forensic Imaging Techniques. As Forensic Artist Supervisor, Wortmann continually researches the best techniques in creating composites, develops best practices in working with victims and eyewitnesses as well as searches for new scientiic indings in how the memory of the brain works to facilitate acquiring detailed information from recall. Additionally, Wortmann organizes seminars, workshops and conferences while collecting and providing the newest reference materials for creating composites. He frequently provides training to Forensic Artists throughout Europe. Together with Dr. Heike Schmidt, Wortmann is writing a book that includes all components necessary in composite sketching which is scheduled for publication in 2014/2015. rainer.wortmann@phantombild.info J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 65 Page 66 Track 5, 9 & 10 Day 3 October 08, 2014 5: Forenisc Pathology 9: Digital Forensics 10: Computational Forensics Cameron Brown Australian National University, Australia Session Chair Session Introduction Matthias I Okoye Nebraska Institute of Forensic Sciences Inc. (NIFS), USA Session Co-Chair Title: Anticipating an advance in forensic DNA Robert D Blackledge, Forensic Chemist Consultant, USA Title: Past, present and future methods for the assessment of chondrocytes’ viability: A new parameter for the determination of the postmortem interval? Armin Alibegović, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: Post mortem changes in tropical environments José Vicente Pachar Lucio, Medico Legal Institute of Panama, Republic of Panama Title: Recent advances in forensic image analysis in medico-legal death investigations Matthias I Okoye, Nebraska Institute of Forensic Sciences Inc. (NIFS), USA Title: Cybercrime, criminal justice and the ‘Funnel Effect’: Evidentiary challenges for forensic investigators, prosecutors, and judicial oficers Cameron Brown, Australian National University, Australia Title: Forensic pathology: The pivot of medico-legal system S K Dhattarwal, PGIMS, India Title: Migraine and psychiatric disorders co-morbidity explained by sinus hypoxic nitric oxide theory - A new hypothesis on the Sino rhinogenic theory Title: Self-mutilation for the purpose of insurance fraud (case report) S M RathnasiriBandara, Teaching Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka Zahra Hedayati, Legal Medicine Organization to the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran Forensic Research-2014 Page 67 Robert D Blackledge, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Anticipating an advance in forensic DNA Robert D Blackledge Forensic Chemist Consultant, USA H ow many Cold Cases will go unsolved because the necessary evidence was never collected and stored? In the past we have been fortunate that in cases of sexual assaults and homicides the protocols for crime scene processing, evidence collection, SANE examinations, and autopsies were adequate to permit the examination of collected and saved evidence even as new, more selective methodology evolved. Did we anticipate the advance in blood stain typing from ABO to enzyme systems? No. Enzyme systems to the advent of DNA and Alec Jeferies’ RFLP? No. Discovery of the PCR reaction? No. Low copy number (touch) DNA? No. It’s only through dumb luck those in the Innocence Project have jobs! his presentation will alert you to a type of evidence that in the future (not now), will identify the assailant (or exclude someone falsely charged) in cases of sexual assault/homicide where there has been intimate contact between the assailant and victim. Its collection would be quick and easy, and not require new technology. Why is it not being collected now? At this time it is of no value. How long will it take for the necessary technology to advance? Do you recall how long these same “experts” said it would take to sequence the entire human genome? We don’t want to look back and say: “would have, could have, should have.” We must be proactive and insist on its collection NOW! Biography Robert D Blackledge received a BS (Chem.) from The Citadel, Charleston, South Carolina, in 1960 and MS (Chem.) from the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, in 1962. Starting with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement’s Tallahassee Crime Lab in 1971, he worked in forensic science for over thirty years. Breaks included eleven years with the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory-Europe, and with “Aby’s” NCIS Lab from 1989 to 2006. The author or co-author of over ifty journal articles and book chapters, he is the Editor of, “Forensic Analysis on the Cutting Edge: New Methods for Trace Evidence Analysis”, WileyInterscience, 2007. bigpurple@cox.net J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 68 Armin Alibegović, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Past, present and future methods for the assessment of chondrocytes’ viability: A new parameter for the determination of the postmortem interval? Armin Alibegović University of Ljubljana, Slovenia T he determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most important questions in forensic medicine. he determination of the PMI during the late postmortem changes is less precise due to the lack of objective methods. Cartilage is an isolated, avascular compartment. Chondrocytes are sparsely populated, mainly fed by nutrient difusion from the abundant extracellular matrix, relatively resistant to oxygen starvation and acidosis. hese attributes enable the chondrocytes to survive for several weeks ater the individual’s death. Several studies of long-term chondrocytes’ survival have shown a gradual reduction in the viable chondrocytes’ percentage as a function of time and the ambient temperature. he aim of our studies was to determine the most reliable combination of cartilage source and assay for the in vitro postmortem chondrocyte viability analysis in the conditions that imitate a dead body. In our studies in the past we used manual counting under a microscope (MCM), cell viability analyzer (CVA), a low cytometer (FCM) and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). he largest reproducibility was presented for the knee joint and the CLSM which provided a slightly superior reliability over the CVA. herefore, in the present studies we have used the CLSM, but because of the technical and cost-time issues, this method should be reserved for basic studies and the CVA should be used in future studies because the CVA is more appropriate for routine work. Additionally, during our work we concluded that the chondrocytes’ viability (cartilage) could be a new parameter for PMI determination. armin.alibegovic@mf.uni-lj.si J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 69 José Vicente Pachar Lucio, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Post mortem changes in tropical environments José Vicente Pachar Lucio Medico Legal Institute of Panama, Republic of Panama H igh temperature and humidity contribute to the rapid deterioration of bodies altering their aspect and the morphology of the injuries. he tropical climate also increases the probability of the appearance of artifacts due to external factor (especially animal activity) or internal (body factors). When a decomposed body is found, the post mortem interval is established using, among others, the available criteria of reference in the medico legal literature. Nevertheless, speciic studies on post mortem changes and time of death in tropical environments, as those found in the Republic of Panama, are scanty. Most of the available information refers to the variations in moderate climates with seasonal variations. A review of the criteria of beginning and development of the cadaveric phenomena (especially decomposition) recorded by authors of diferent countries in diferent climates, with the intention of documenting the disparities of existing criteria and limited application in the establishment of the post mortem interval in tropical environments, is done, proposing lines of research in this topic. Biography José Vicente Pachar Lucio has completed his MPhil degree in Forensic Pathology from University of London, UK and his PhD degree from University of Panama Republic of Panama. He is Professor of Legal Medicine at Latina University and the Sub Director of Medico Legal Institute of Panama. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute. jvpachar@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 70 Matthias I Okoye, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Recent advances in forensic image analysis in medico-legal death investigations Matthias I Okoye Nebraska Institute of Forensic Sciences, Inc. (NIFS), USA T he signiicance of recent advances in forensic image analysis in medico-legal death investigations is discussed. We describe our longstanding experience in the use of 3-D Ct scan image analysis in forensic and medicolegal death investigations in homicides, child abuse, and skeletal trauma. Biography Matthias I Okoye is the Director of Nebraska Institute of Forensic Sciences, Inc. (NIFS), Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. He is a practicing physician and lawyer. He was nominated as one of the top 50 minority scientists in USA. in 2005. He is a board certiied forensic pathologist and toxicologist. He was formerly the Chief Medical Examiner for the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C. He is a Clinical Professor of Forensic Medicine and Pathology at Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, Missouri and Adjunct Professor of forensic sciences at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska and Albany State University, Albany, Georgia. He is a visiting Professor of forensic sciences at several universities abroad. He has published and lectured extensively in forensic medicine and pathology, forensic sciences, and legal medicine. He is the Secretary of the American Board of Legal Medicine. He is a Fellow of the American College of Pathologists and a delegate at the International Academy of Legal Medicine. He is also the recipient of the Distinguished International Forensic Scientist Award from the Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science at University of New Haven Connecticut in 2013. drokoye1947@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 71 Cameron Brown, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Cybercrime, criminal justice and the ‘Funnel Effect’: Evidentiary challenges for Forensic investigators, prosecutors, and judicial oficers Cameron Brown Australian National University, Australia W ith increase in reports of cybercrime globally, one would expect to see a corresponding increase in successful prosecutions and convictions of ofenders. However, this has not been the case, with many investigations and prosecutions failing to get of the ground. A ‘funnel efect’ or ‘bottle neck’ occurs when the number of cases reported is signiicantly greater than the number of cases prosecuted or convicted. As this phenomenon is pronounced in the case of cybercrime, it is important to explore factors impeding cybercrime investigation and prosecution to raise awareness and identify blockages. he technical complexity of cybercrime, jurisdictional obstacles, diiculties in obtaining evidence to sustain charges, and the limited capacity of investigators, prosecutors, judicial oicers and jurors to grasp fundamental aspects of the science which facilitate the commission of cybercrime, are among the chief causes of this outcome. his presentation will examine criminal justice responses to cybercrime, including the capacity of key stakeholders to address cybercrime and perform their core functions. Various challenges will be illustrated using a case study based on several notorious cybercrime cases. he following themes will be canvassed: • he role of technology in the commission of crime • he impact of national legal frameworks and policy on policing cybercrime • Techniques related to investigating cybercrime, and operational challenges • Legal and forensic issues of evidence surrounding collection and presentation of electronically stored information (ESI) in criminal trials • Elements of ofences and defenses to criminal culpability • Capacity of criminal justice oicers and the role of experts Biography Cameron Brown is an Australian Executive Endeavour Fellow. He graduated in law and psychology from the University of Melbourne and holds combined Masters level degrees from Macquarie University in international security, policing, intelligence and counter terrorism. He has also attained technical certiications in computer crime investigation, cyber-security, data recovery, and digital and network forensics. Cameron is afiliated with the Australian National University's Cybercrime Observatory where he has conducted in-depth research into emerging trends in forensic science, terrorism prevention, corruption, and modes of cyberconlict. Internationally, he has worked with Transparency International and the United Nations Ofice on Drugs and Crime. In the ield he served with police taskforces and government agencies where his duties included provision of technical advice, expert testimony, and supervision of evidence discovery and analysis. He is also admitted as an Australian Legal Practitioner with professional pursuits related to authentication of electronically stored information, data protection, privacy, regulatory compliance, information security, and investigation of fraud. cameron.brown@legalforensic.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 72 S K Dhattarwal et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Forensic pathology: The pivot of medico-legal system S K Dhattarwal, Pankaj Chhikara and Ruchir Sharma PGIMS, India T he word forensics has been determined from the Latin word 'forensis' which means forum or public while the word pathology literally means 'study of sufering'. Forensic pathology is an application of pathological principles to the investigation of the medico-legal cases. It is a ield that stretches into both the medical and legal arenas. Forensic pathology is a specialized area within the overall ield of pathology concerned with determining the cause and manner of death. here are two main branches of forensic pathology: Anatomical Pathology which deals with the evaluation of tissues and Clinical Pathology that involves the evaluation of body luids with the help of the laboratory. Forensic pathologists are an integral part of investigation system. Forensic pathologists are medically qualiied doctors who perform autopsies (postmortem examinations) on sudden, unexpected, or an unnatural death like trauma or poisoning. he information discovered through an autopsy provides investigators with vital pieces of information as to, what might be responsible for death of an individual. In most jurisdictions this is done by a "forensic pathologist", coroner, medical examiner, or hybrid medical examiner-coroner system. People oten assume that forensic pathologists only deal with cases of homicide or suspicious deaths, however a large percentage, if not the majority of cases handled by forensic pathologists, are natural deaths. Without trained & dedicated forensic pathologists, many death investigations would go unsolved. Biography S K Dhattarwal completed his MD Forensic Medicine from PGIMS, Rohtak in year 1987. He is the Sr. Professor and Head of Department of Forensic Medicine, Pt B. D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India. He is Medico-legal Advisor to Govt. of Haryana, India. He has published more than 27 papers in International Journal and 79 in National Journal. He has attended large number of International and National Conferences. He is member of many professional/medical organizations. He is President of Indian Medical Association, Haryana. He is associate Editor in Medico-legal Update - An International Journal and Editor, Haryana Medical Journal. He has recently contributed a Chapter on Disaster Management in book by Gautam Biswas. sureshdatterwal@rediffmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 73 S M Rathnasiri Bandara, J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Migraine and psychiatric disorders co-morbidity explained by sinus hypoxic nitric oxide theory - A new hypothesis on the Sino rhinogenic theory S M Rathnasiri Bandara Teaching Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka M igraine is an extremely common incapacitating neurovascular disorder and has co morbidity with many psychiatric illnesses which are caused by neurotransmitter imbalance, neurodegenerative changes and genetic predisposition and contribute to many criminal be haviours and acts. he sinus hypoxic nitric oxide theory presents, difused paranasal sinus nitric oxide in the nasal mucosa and has been hypothesized as the primary molecule that initiates migraine. Existence of such pathophysiology in human beings is termed as sinus hypoxic nitric oxide phenomena. According to this new hypothesis avoidance of the excess sinorhinogenic central neuronal influence to the brain in early child hood and early intervention in the case of genetic susceptible history with psychiatric illnesses or criminal behaviours (conduct disorders) would help to prevent the progression or aggravation of psychiatric illnesses and prevention of criminal behaviours according to this hypothesis. his article explains a new pathophysiological initiation between central efects of sinorhinogenic nitric oxide phenomena and psychiatric and medico legal disorders. It also provides an etiologically important neuro vascular impulse generating pathway to cause or aggravate psychiatric disorders and medico legal condition such suicide, homicide, sexual harassment, rape, acts of psychopathic personality disorders and other criminal behaviour. herefore patients who are clinically suspected of having migraine headache or psychiatric disorders or criminal behaviours or acts should receive a comprehensive sinorhinological examination and evaluation based on the sinus hypoxic nitric oxide phenomena. Biography S M Rathnasiri Bandara is waiting to complete his PhD in 2017 at faculty of medicine, University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka on the topic of paranasal nitric oxide and migraine and working as second in charge in youth friendly clinic at teaching hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka . He has published 2 papers on hypoxic nitric oxide theory (SHNOT) for migraine and psychiatric disorders in a reputed journal. that was related to a new hypothesis connected to pranasal sinus nitric oxide and neuropsychiatric dis orders, and forensic involvement in the sinorhinological theory. He also has served as the president of human protection foundation in Sri Lanka since 2005. rathnasirib68@gmail.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 74 Zahra Hedayati et al., J Forensic Res 2014, 5:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7145.S1.013 3rd International Conference on Forensic Research and Technology October 06-08, 2014 Hilton San Antonio Airport, USA Self-mutilation for the purpose of insurance fraud (case report) Zahra Hedayati and Arya Hedjazi Legal Medicine Organization to the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran S ome of the forensic referrals are the fraudulent persons who wish to obtain insurance beneits by simulating self-induced harms as injuries due to accidents. In this article we report some cases of self-mutilation for the purpose of obtaining insurance payments. hese cases were interesting because of the following reasons: (1) Fracture of the tibia bone for the purpose of obtaining insurance payments is extremely rare. (2) In the cases we describe here, nobody had prior history of social and psychiatric problems and violence. In addition, on examination, no sign of previous scars was found in the whole body skin. (3) Self-mutilation injuries are oten painless, parallel and delicate lines which are most frequently in the upper limb opposite to the dominant hand and in the areas that can be easily reached. In one of our cases, self-mutilation of the leg shin and the dominant hand were on the same side of the body. (4) In our study, all of the cases had high school education. Patients were within the age range of 20-35 years, and of middle socioeconomic status. hese results are consistent with previously available data for self-mutilation in Iran. Biography Zahra Hedayati completed her MD in 2000 from Mashhad University of Medical Science. After that, she was trained in forensic medicine by National Legal Medicine Organization in Tehran. She has been the head of the Forensic Medicine Department of Kashmar Khorasan Province, Iran, since 2001. Also, she is Chairman of First Disciplinary Board of Kashmar branch of Medical Council, from 2010 until now. Miss Hedayati is an expert in personal injury investigation for insurance companies, and a sexual assault forensic examiner and age estimation in forensic science for more than 13 years. Furthermore, she frequently provides training to nursing and physicians. For the last 8 years she has been teaching forensic medicine for students of law in universities of. Additionally, she has published respectful papers and lectured in various international congresses. Her research interests include Forensic anthropology, identiication, Anatomy, Traumatology, Archaeology, Toxicology, Sociology and Criminology. arya_hedjazi@yahoo.com J Forensic Res 2014 ISSN: 2157-7145, JFR an open access journal Forensic Research-2014 Volume 5, Issue 6 October 06-08, 2014 Page 75 View publication stats