‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ  ﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻦﭘﻮ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺮ‪ +‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﻜﻲ  ﻫﻜﺎ ﻫﺎ' ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪ ﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ  ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻃﻼ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‪  /‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ  ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻰ  ﻫﺮ  ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻰ  ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﻜﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺘﺮ‪ +‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ   ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ' ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ  ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ‪ . C‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻳﺨﭽﻪ  ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﻧﻈﺎ= ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ  ﻛﺸﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺒﻰ  ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﺎ ‪ F‬ﺟﻬﺎ  ﻣﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪژﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪ +‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻜﺎ ' ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ'‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻳﺨﭽﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎ‪ L‬ﺷﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ  ﻃﻼ‪ V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪9 ،‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺻﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪f.aminpour@gmail.com‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ  ﻣﻰﺗﻮ  ﻣﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ) ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮ‪2‬ﻣﻨﺪ‪0 1‬ﻧﺎ  ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎ) ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ‪ 9‬ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‪ 1‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ  ﻛﺎﺑﺮ‪ 0 9‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪ .(7 :4) 99‬ﻳﻜﻲ  ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻻ‪ /‬ﺑﺮ‪ 1‬ﺗﻘﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮ‪ 9‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ  ﻓﺰﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ) ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ  ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ‪E‬ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻴﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮ ﻣﺪ‪  J‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ) ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‪ ،99 9‬ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ  ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ‪9 9‬ﺳﺘﺮ‪L‬‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ‪.99‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ‪ P‬ﺗﻮ‪ /‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ  ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪ P‬ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪9‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ  ﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺳﺖ‪  .‬ﻳﻦﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮ‪ 2‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ 3‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ )‪.(100-99 :38‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﺐ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﮔﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰ‪/‬ﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .9‬ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮ‪ 1‬ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ 29‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎ ‪ 0‬ﮔﺮﻫﻲ ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺪ‪ c‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪ J‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮ‪2‬ﺑﺮ‪ 19‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﭼﻮ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ‪،5‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎ‪ h9‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ) ﻛﺘﺎ‪g‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ 0‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﻲﭘﺮ‪9‬ﻧﺪ‬ ‫)‪.(1886 :5‬‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ 6‬ﻳﻜﻰ  ﺻﻮ)ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺳﺎ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﻰ  ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ‪ 9‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻼ‪ l‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﻓﻖ ﺳﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺳﻤﻰ ﻣﻴﺎ ﮔﺮﻫﻰ  ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ)‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ  ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ‪ 9 0‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﺮ  ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪.(43) 9‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻰ  ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰ‪/‬ﻫـﺎ ﺷﺘـﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘـﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪ‪ 7‬ﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻜـﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  29‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ  ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ‪.90‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺻﻮ) ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ  ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‪E‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺪ‪  9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪ 9  29‬ﺧﺘﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‬ ‫)‪ .(318 :28‬ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ  ﻇﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ P9‬ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ )‪ (g‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ  ﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪ ILL‬ﻧﻜﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ  ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ‪ 0‬ﺑﻪﺟﻮ‪ 290 9‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮ‪ 2‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻧﻴﻦ  ﭘﺮﺗﻜﻞﻫﺎﻳﻰ ‪9‬ﺧﺼﻮ‪ r‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺿﻊ ﻛﺮ‪29‬ﻧﺪ )‪.(31‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮ  ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﻮ‪9  s‬ﺟﺎ)‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﻛﻤﺎﺑﻴﺶ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺟﺮﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎ‪ 9 ،h‬ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻼ‪ E‬ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺎ‪ 29‬ﻛﺮ‪ 9‬ﻟﮕﻮ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‪ 8‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻟﮕﻮ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺻﻮ) ﻟﺰ‪ 9/‬ﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ E‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )‪ ،(349-341 :40‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻜﺎ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ‪ 1090‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ‬ ‫)‪7 . Inter-Library Loan (ILL‬‬ ‫‪2 . Ownership‬‬ ‫‪8 . Just-in-time‬‬ ‫‪3 . Access‬‬ ‫‪9 . Just-in-case‬‬ ‫‪4 . Library cooperation‬‬ ‫‪10 . Just when you like‬‬ ‫‪5 . Cooperative cataloging‬‬ ‫‪6 . Resource sharing‬‬ ‫‪12 . Just too expensive‬‬ ‫‪11 . Just too late‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪V‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‪ 9‬ﻧﺪﻛﻰ  ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﺔ ‪9‬ﺑﺎ‪ P‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ ﻫﻜﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮ‪ 0 9‬ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮ) ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻰ ‪ 9‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪،1352 h‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﺖ  ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻃﺮ‪0 s‬ﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ  ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ‪ 0‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎ‪h‬ﻫﺎ ‪ 1351  1350‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ‪ 9 ILL‬ﻳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎ‪1348 h‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮ‪  29‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻮﻣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﭼﻮ ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖﻫﺎ ‪  9‬ﺟﻨﺒﺔ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺷﺘﻦ ﻛﺘﺎ‪  g‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺪﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،J‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ  ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻰ‪99‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻛﺘﺎ‪ g‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻼ)  ﺗﺪﻳﻦ ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ  ﺧﻂﻣﺸﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‪9‬ﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻣﺎ‪9‬ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ )‪.(8‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‪ 9 ،‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1373 h‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ‪9‬ﻳﺪﮔﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﻜﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎ  ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻤﺎ‪/‬ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﺳﺖ ‪ 9‬ﭘﻴﺶ  ‪9‬ﻧﺪ ﻳﺮ ﻟﮕﻮ‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﻪﻣﻮﻗﻊ  ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ‪9‬ﻳﺮﻫﻨﮕﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻜﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﮔﺮ‪ 12‬ﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﺮ‪29‬ﻧﺪ )‪-318 :21‬‬ ‫‪.(326‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻌﺎ  ﺷﺘﺮ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﭘﺮ‪ .99‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‪9‬ﺷﺖ  ‪9‬ﻳﺪﮔﺎ‪ 2‬ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﻻﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 9 2‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺷﺘﺮ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ‪9‬ﺷﺘﻪ   ‪9‬ﻳﺪﮔﺎ‪0 2‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ )ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ)  ﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ)( ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪.(9) 99‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎ‪ 9 ،x‬ﭘـﮋﻫﺸـﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳـﺎ‪،1375 h‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻜـﺎ ﻣﻴـﺎ ﻛﺘـﺎﺑﺨـﺎﻧﻪﻫـﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫـﻰ  ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳـﺮ  ﻣـﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳـﻰ ﻗـﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪9 28‬ﺻﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺬﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﺟﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ  ﻣﺒﺎ‪9‬ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ‪9‬ﻧﺪ  ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‪E ،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎ  ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪  9‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﻧﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﻰ  ﺑﻴﺮﻧﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪1‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﻣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﭼﻮ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪0 J‬ﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ)  ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ)‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ  ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﻘﺮ) ‪  9‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫  ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﺪ‪ /‬ﻫﻤﻜﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻧﺪ )‪.(13‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻦﭘﻮ‪ ،‬ﻃﻰ ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎﻳﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫‪ ،1385  1382‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪9 9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺸﻮ  ﻣﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻮﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ  ﻗﺘﺼﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪9 9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺷﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﻧﮕﺮ‪ E‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺋﺔ ﻳﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﺑﻮ‪ 29‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂﻣﺸﻰ ﻣﺪ  ﻣﺼﻮ‪ ،g‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 9‬ﺣﻴﻄﺔ ﻋﻮﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪ g‬ﺷﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ  ﻧﮕﻬﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ)  ﻓﻦ‪0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺘﺼﺎ‪ 9‬ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪9 9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﻳﻦ ﺳﺎ‪ ،L‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﮕﺎ ‪0‬ﻣﺪ  ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻮﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﮔﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ  ‪0‬ﻣﺪ ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮ  ﻋﺪ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂﻣﺸﻲ ﻣﺪ  ﻣﺼﻮ‪ g‬ﺑﺮ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‪ 1‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،1‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﺪ‪ /‬ﺟﺮ‪ 1‬ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ‪0‬ﻣﻴﺰ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪9 9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮ ﺑﻮ‪ 29‬ﺳﺖ )‪.(44 :3‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻴﻢ‪ 9 ،‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1993 h‬ﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺎ) ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺣﻮ‪ P‬ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎ‪  L‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰﻏﻢ ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﺗﻮﻓﻘﺎ) ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ  ﺑﺮﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪ‪ 9 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻪ  ﺳﻂ ‪9‬ﻫﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9 1990‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﺘﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺪﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ  ﻳﺪ‪9‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺮ‪ l‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﻳﺖ ‪9‬‬ ‫‪0‬ﮔﻮﺳﺖ ‪ 1990‬ﺑﻮ‪ 29‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺣﻮ‪ 2‬ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎ‪L‬‬ ‫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﺸﻌﺎ‪ V‬ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻗﺮ ‪ 299‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺎ) ﺟﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺣﻮ‪ P‬ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎ‪  L‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺷﺮ‪ s‬ﺑﺮﻣﻰﺷﻤﺎ‪ :9‬ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻠﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪  J‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺘﺼﺎ‪ r‬ﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ  ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻋﻀﻮ  ﺑﺮﻗﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ‪.(29) J‬‬ ‫ﻻﻛﺮﻳﻜﺲ‪ 9 13‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1994h‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺘﻰ ﻳﺎﻻ) ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪ P‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﭘﺮ‪ .99‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺘﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺶ  ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ  ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪DOCLINE‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻠﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ )‪ (NLM‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‪9 97‬ﺻﺪ ﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ 9 2‬ﻣﺠﻼ) ﺑﻮ‪29‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ DOCLINE .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻮ‪9‬ﻛﺎ ﺳﻔﺎ‪ E‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻠﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒـﻮ‪ 9‬ﺳﺮﻳـﺲ ﺗﺤﻮﻳـﻞ ﻣـﺪ‪ J‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨـﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪13. Lacroix‬‬ ‫‪17. Copyright‬‬ ‫‪14. Guerrero‬‬ ‫‪18. Greenaway‬‬ ‫‪15. David Parry‬‬ ‫)‪16. British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ )‪ .(368 -363 :35‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎ‪ x‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺷﺪ‪ 9 2‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ 9 DOCLINE‬ﻃﻰ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ  ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ  ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ  ﻳﻦ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮ‪ .9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻛﻰ  ‪ 0‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮ ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪ‪ 9‬ﻣﺠﻼ) ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ )‪.(22‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎ‪ ،14‬ﻃﻰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪1995 h‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪0 9‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪ‪  9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺎﻳﻜﺎ  ﻧﺰﺋﻼ  ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ) ﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪J‬‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ  ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‪ s‬ﻓﺸﺮ‪ ،29‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ  ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪،J‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ  ﻧﻈﺎ) ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ  ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ  ‪29‬ﻫﺎ ‪0‬ﻣﻮﺷﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‪  2‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰ‪.(17 -13 :26) 9‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﭘﺮ‪ 9 15‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪،1997 h‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ  ﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ‪ 0‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ  ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺧﻮ‪9‬ﻛﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺪ‪ 9‬ﭼﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ   ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻰ ﻣﺪ‪9 J‬ﺧﻮﺳﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎ‪g‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪9 9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮ) ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﻦ ﭘـﻰ ‪ 9‬ﭘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﭘﺮﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ ،29‬ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ‪ 9‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ‪،J‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻰ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻛﺎﻛﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻢ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺮ‪ 29‬ﺷﺪ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ  ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ‬ ‫ ‪9‬ﺧـﻮﺳﺖﻫـﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ‪ 9‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺣﻘﻮ‪ l‬ﻣﻌﻨﻮ‪  17‬ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺟﺮ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ  ﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮ‪29‬ﻧﺪ )‪-147 :41‬‬ ‫‪.(156‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 9 ،18‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1997 h‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻰﭘﺮ‪.99‬‬ ‫ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮ‪0 V‬ﻳﻨﺪ‪ P‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ‪2 ،‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)  ﻛﺎﺑﺮ‪ 9‬ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪0 9‬ﻣﺪ ﻛﺮ‪ 9‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺘﻪ  ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ 9‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮ‪ /‬ﻓﺰ‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪ) ﻣﺎ ﺻﺮ‪ c‬ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ  ‪E‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺎ‪9 h9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ‪KFUPM‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1998 h‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮ ﻋﻤﺪ‪  2‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ) ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺑﻰ  ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‪ 29‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺮ‪ g‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮ‪ P‬ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎ‪ ،L‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎ  ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺰ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺪ‪ 2‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‚  ﻛﺸﻮ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰﻏﻢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺳﺖ )‪:45‬‬ ‫‪.(142 -140‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ 19‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪/‬ﻓﺰ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‪ 20‬ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﺎ‪9‬ﻳﻦ ‪ 9‬ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ  ﺑﻬﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ  ﻳﻜﭙﺎﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪ 9‬ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺳﺖ )‪:25‬‬ ‫‪.(107 -103‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﻣﻚ ﻟﻴﻦ ‪ 9‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪1999 h‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ  ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪ‪ P‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻚ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖﻫﺎ  ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ﻣﺠﻼ)‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ‪ .99‬ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ‪0‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎ) ‪ ،9‬ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ‪9‬ﻛﻔﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ ‪ 9‬ﺟﻨﮓ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ‪ ،/9‬ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻛﻪ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻬﻢ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ  ﻋﺪ‪ /‬ﺣﻀﻮ ﻛﺎﮔﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ 9 BLDSC‬ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ‪ 9 J‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮ  ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻧﻈﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‪29‬ﻧﺪ )‪.(264 -256 :39‬‬ ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻰ‪ 9 ،‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،2000 h‬ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺣﻮ‪ P‬ﺧﻠﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‪  L‬ﻣﺠﺪ‪ ً 9‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ  ﻣﻌﺎ‪ 9‬ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎ‪ 9 22‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳـﻰ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ ‪9‬ﺧـﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ƒ0‬ﻣﺎ‪9 1348 2‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮ ﺟﻤﻌﻰ  ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﺸﻮ ‪ 9‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‪ 9‬ﺷﺪ  ﺟﺮ ‪ 9 0‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻳﺮ ‪0‬ﻏﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‪9‬ﻳﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪s‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ) ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮ ‪0‬ﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪ‪  9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪0 9‬ﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪E‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ 9 ،s‬ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻮ‪ l‬ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ ‪ 9‬ﻃﻰ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎ‪0 P9 h‬ﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫‪22. King Fahad University of Petrolium & Minerals‬‬ ‫)‪19. Coordinated Inter-Library Loan Administration (CILLA‬‬ ‫)‪(KFUPM‬‬ ‫)‪20. Joint Electronic Document Delivery Software (JEDDS‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪21. Mclean‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ‪0‬ﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺎ‪ g‬ﻣﻰﻧﻤﻮ‪ .9‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻌﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻃﺮ‪ ،s‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮ ﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﻮ‪  9‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﻨﺎ‪9‬‬ ‫ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﺮ‪ .9‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪9 ،2‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺧﻮ‪  9‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﺮ‪9‬ﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺪ‪  2‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‪9‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎ‪  h‬ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﺎﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺮ ‪0‬ﻫﺎ  ﺑﻌﺪ  ‪9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ  ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‪9‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻣﻲﻛﺮ‪ .9‬ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎ) ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﺳﺎﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﻲﺷﺪ  ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎ‚ ﻣﺒﺎ‪9‬ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﺨﺎ‚ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎ)‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪ‪ P‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﻨﺎ‪  9‬ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮ‪  19‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻳﮕﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎ‪ g‬ﻣﻲ‪0‬ﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﻨﺎ‪ 9‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺧﻮ‪  9‬ﻣﺴﺌﻮ‪ h‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪ‪ 1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ‪9‬ﻧﺴﺖ  ‪ 9‬ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻴﺰ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻘﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ‪0‬ﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﻲ‪9‬ﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺎ) ‪29‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪ‪ P‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻣﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻫﻴﭻ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‪ 1‬ﺑﺮ‪ 1‬ﺗﺒﺎ‪ x‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺪﺷﺘﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)  ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺒﺎ‪9 h‬ﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ  ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻻ‪) /‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻤﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰ‪E‬ﻫﺎ  ‪(. . .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮ‪.9‬‬ ‫• ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮ‪  29‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻣﻲ ﺑﺮ‪1‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎ) ﭘﺴﺘﻲ  ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﻧﺸﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮ‪.9‬‬ ‫• ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻗﺒﺎ‪ h‬ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﻲ ‪9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﺮ‪9‬ﻧﺪ  ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ‪0‬ﻧﺎ  ﻃﺮ‪ c‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺧﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺪﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪0 1362 h‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﻮ ﻣﺠﺪ‪ً 9‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻲ  ‪ 9‬ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮ ‪ 51‬ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎ ‪0‬ﻣﻮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻲ  ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪9 1‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻛﺸﻮ ﻣﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻳﻦ ﺑﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺒﺎ‪ x‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪9‬ﺷﺘﻪ ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‪ 1‬ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ  ﺗﻤﺒﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻲ  ﺣﻞ ﻧﻜﺮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪  1‬ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻤﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺮ‪ 9‬ﺗﻤﺒﺮ  ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ E 9‬ﺗﻤﺒﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻰ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮ‪ ،9‬ﮔﺸﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻻ)  ﻧﻘﺎﺋﺼﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻃﺮﺣﻲ  ﺟﺮ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻃﻲ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪h‬ﻫﺎ ﺟﻮ‪9 9‬ﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪ‪ /‬ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ‪ 9‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﺷﺪ )‪ .(10‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻘﺎﺋﺼﻲ  ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﻻ‪ ،/‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ‬ ‫‪E‬ﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ  ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺎ)‬ ‫‪9‬ﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪ ﻛﺘﺎ‪g‬ﻫﺎ  ﻧﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮ‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻃﻰ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪h‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ ﺑﺮ ‪9 0‬ﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﻣﺠﺪ‪ 9‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺮ ‪ 0‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻮ ﺳﺎ‪ .9‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ‪ 9 ،‬ﺳﺎ‪،1375 h‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮ »ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ«  ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ‪ c‬ﻓﺮﻫﻢ‪0‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺎ) ﺟﺮ ﻛﺎ  ﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﺷﺪ )‪.(9‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮ »ﻃﺮ‪s‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻦ«  ﻧﻴﻤﺔ ‪ /9‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1379 h‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪0 9‬ﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ ،s‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪9 9 9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ  ﻳﺎ  ‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﺮ‪9  29‬‬ ‫ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ  ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰ ‪9‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪،9‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻰ  ﻧﮕﻴﺰ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻻ‪ /‬ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺋﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ P‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ‪0‬ﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮ‪ 9‬ﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎ  ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﮔﻢ ﺷﺪ‪  2‬ﺧﺴﺎ) ‪9‬ﻳﺪ‪ ،2‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻪ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﻰ  ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﺳﭙﺮ‪ 29‬ﻧﺰ‪ 9‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻳﺮ ﻣﻰﺳﭙﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪0 L‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪9 1‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪0‬ﻣﻮ‪ E‬ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻲ ﺳﺮﺳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ  ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﺻﻮ) ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻘﺮ)  ﺿﻮﺑﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ 9  ،‬ﻧﻮ‪ V‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻂ  ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪  2‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺎﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‪ /‬ﺑﺮ‪ 29‬ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺎﻳﻒ ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،2‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻃﺮ‪ 9  s‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‪ ،0 129 1‬ﺗﺪﻳﻦ  ﺻﻼ‪ s‬ﻣﻘﺮ)‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ‪ ،29‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ E‬ﻋﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﻤﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻻ‪ 9 /‬ﻃﺮ‪ ،s‬ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮ‪ 1‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎ)  ﻓﺮ‪  E‬ﻧﻘﺪ ﻛﺮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻬﺪ‪ 2‬ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮ‪ .9‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ  ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﻬﺪ‪ 2‬ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮ‪.9‬‬ ‫• ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ 1‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ  ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺻﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪9   J‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻂ ﺑﺮ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ  ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺳﻴﺪ‪ 2‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‪9 1‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻂ  ﻋﻬﺪ‪92‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ 1‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻂ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎ ﺧﻮ‪9  9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺳﻴﺪ‪ 2‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻲ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻬﺎﻣﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﮔﻲ ﺳﺖ ﺑﻬﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮ‪ 1‬ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪  9‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻂ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ‪ 9‬ﭼﺎﭼﻮ‪ g‬ﻣﻘﺮ) ﻃﺮ‪s‬‬ ‫‪   0‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‪ 1‬ﻛﺮ‪  29‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪0‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‪ L‬ﻣﻘﺮ) ﻛﻠﻲ ﻳﻦ ‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎ‪h9‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ‪9 1‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻳﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪0‬ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻻ‪ T‬ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪C F‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮ‪ P‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ‪0 9‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ﻧﻮ‪9‬ﻫﻢ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪9 .‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ ،1876 h‬ﺳﺎﻣﻮﺋﻞ ﮔﺮﻳﻦ ‪ 9‬ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ‪9‬ﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‪ 9‬ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮ‪ 90‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺋﻪ ‪ 99‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺎ‪ 0 L‬ﻛﺘﺎ‪g‬ﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺎ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﺷﻮ‪ .9‬ﻣﺪ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺳﺎ‪  h‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺑﺎﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮ‪ 9  29‬ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪9‬ﻧﻈﺮ  ﻧﺸﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚﺑﺎ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ) ﭘﺎﻧﺰ‪  29‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪ‪ 9‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎ) ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ 50 ،2‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ  ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ  ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﻣﻬﺮ  ﻃﺮ‪ c‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪P‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺋﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ P‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)‬ ‫ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮ‪ .9‬ﻣﺪ) ﻋﺘﺒﺎ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻳﻚﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺑﻮ‪  29‬ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ‪ 0‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ E‬ﺷﺮﻳﻂ  ﺿﻮﺑﻂ ﻋﻼ‪/‬ﺷﺪ‪  2‬ﻃﺮ‪c‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻜﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ‪ .9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎ ‪ 29‬ﻣﻘﺮ) ﻃﺮ‪ s‬‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﺟﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ  ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،0‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺑﺘﺪ‪ 1‬ﻫﺮ ‪ 29‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺠﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ )‪.(1‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ) ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺖ‪9 ،‬ﻣﺎ ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﻮ‪ E‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮ‪0 9‬ﻧﻜﻪ ﺳﺎ‪h‬ﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻ ﻣﺮ  ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺟﻠﺐ ﻛﺮ‪ ،29‬ﻫﻨﻮ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪9 .‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﺎ‪ P9 ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺘﺐ ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎ) ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺖ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ) ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻣﺎ  ‪0‬ﻣﻮ‪ E‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪1378 h‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻰ  ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮ »ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ E‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺸﻮ« ﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪ .9‬ﻫﺪ‪  c‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ‪ 90‬ﻣﻜﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ  ﺳﺘﺎ‪ 9‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 9 2‬ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻛﭙﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ﻣﺠﻼ)‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ  ﻛﺎ) ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‪ r‬ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺎ ﻣﺸﻤﻮ‪ h‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﻀﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ  ‪9‬ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ ‪9‬ﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻮ‪ .9‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪9‬ﻣﻰ‪0‬ﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎ ‪ h‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪،s‬‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺗﻬﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺸﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻴﺔﷲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺰﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﻧﺒﺨﺸﻰ  ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ  ‪90‬‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﻰ  ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ) ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎ‪  h‬ﭘﺲ  ﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ) ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ‪ 9 .99‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ‪ /9‬ﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ ،s‬ﻋﻼ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮ‪9‬ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺻﻔﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎ‪ 2‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﻀﻮ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻓﺎ ﺳﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ ﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎ  ﻧﺤﻮ‪ P‬ﺟﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮ‪ ،0 g‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‪ 9 s‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ E‬ﺑﻮ‪.9‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲﻏﻢ ﺗﺪﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﻮﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﻰ ﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪9‬ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ )‪.(11‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪ) ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 299‬ﺷﻮ‪.(197 :30) 9‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻫﺔ ‪ ،1890‬ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ‪0‬ﻏﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻋﻤﺪ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻮ‪.9‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1898 h‬ﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‪0 1‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺷﺮ‪V‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺸﺎ ﻛﺎ)ﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ  ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻪﺳﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‪ 9 .9‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1899 h‬ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‪9‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ s‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻨﮕﺮ‪ 2‬ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺮ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‪ 9‬ﮔﺮ‪9‬ﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻨﮕﺮ‪P‬‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1907 h‬ﺧﻂﻣﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ  ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎ‪1909 h‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‪ 1023 9‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ g‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 119‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ‪.(2) 99‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1913 h‬ﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺸﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺰ ﻛﺮ‪ 9‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫‪ 1916‬ﮔﺮ‪9‬ﻳﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1936 h‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‪9‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ‪ ILL‬ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ) ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻫﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻮ) ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻧﺠﺎ‪ 9 /‬ﺳﺎ‪ ،1940 h‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 0 9‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻼ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ﭘﮋﻫﺶ‪9 ،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻫﺪ‪ c‬ﻏﻴﺮﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪0‬ﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ  ‪9 20‬ﺻﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ 1952 h‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻮ‪  l‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮ‪9‬ﻧﺪ‪9 ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ) ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺳﻴﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﺳﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫‪ ،1968‬ﭼﻬﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ‪09‬ﻣﺪ ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪9 1970 h‬ﺳﺘﻮﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪29‬‬ ‫ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪116 9‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ‪0‬ﻣﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﭼﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺪ‪J‬‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ  ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ  ‪9‬ﻧﺶ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪ‪c‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺔ ‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪ g‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ ،9‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎ‪ ILL /‬ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ‪ 90‬ﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﻮﺷﻰ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ  ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺿﺮ) ‪99‬‬ ‫)‪.(8 -3 :12‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎﻻ) ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻃﻴﻔﻰ ﻏﻨﻰ  ﻣﺘﻨﻮ‪  V‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)  ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎ‡ ﺣﻮ‪ P‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎ)‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻫﻤﺔ ‪0‬ﻫﺎ  ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﻤﺮ‪9‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 0‬ﺗﻔﺎ‪l‬ﻧﻈﺮ ‪9‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ‪ 9‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪J‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻏﻠﺐ ‪ 9‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 9 .9‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮ‪،9‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﻣﻞ ﺟﻐﺮﻓﻴﺎﻳﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ‪ 9 .99‬ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﻪ ‪9 9‬ﻫﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 1970  1960‬ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺧﻮ‪0  9‬ﻏﺎ ﻛﺮ‪29‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪ‪ P‬ﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻗﻮ ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ  ﻣﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻣﻜﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﺖﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻟﺤﺎ‡ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ‬ ‫ ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﺤﺪ‪ 9‬ﺷﺪ‪  2‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ  ‪9‬ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼ)‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻰ  ‪9‬ﺑﺮﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ  ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 9‬ﭘﺎ‪ 2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺰﻳـﻚ ﻳﻜـﻰ  ﻣﻌـﺪ‪ 9‬ﻛﺸـﻮﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺮﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪ .99‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ژﺋﻴﺔ ﺳﺎ‪  1973 h‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻮ‪  9‬ﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻫﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ P‬ﺑﻴﻦﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪OCLC‬‬ ‫ ‪ 24 RLIN‬ﺑﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﺎ ﻧﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎ  ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪g‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪.(6‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ) ‪9‬ﻗﻴﻘﻲ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻮ‪0 9‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ 9 1‬ﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪0 P‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،9‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﻌﺪ‪9 9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ‪1‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺪ‪ 25 9‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮ‪90‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪ 9 .‬ﺣﺪ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﻤﻲ  ﻣﺒﺎ‪9‬ﻻ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ 1‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺑﺮﮔﺮ‪9‬ﻧﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ ،g‬ﻣﻮ‪9 9‬ﻳﺪ‪  1‬ﺷﻨﻴﺪ‪،1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻓﺮ‪  /‬ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ ‪ 0‬ﺑﻮ‪ 29‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺣﺪﻗﻞ  ﻳﻜﻰ ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﭘﻴﺎ‪ ،/‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪،DOCLINE‬‬ ‫‪  25 WLN ،RLIN‬ﻳﺎ ‪ OCLC‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ  ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻰ ‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺎﻛﺲ  ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪Ariel‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮ‪ ،V‬ﻣﺮ‪ 2‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ  ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ‪0 9 J‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ 29‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺟﻮ‪ ،9‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ  ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮ ﻫﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ  ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺘﻈﺎ) ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ﺳﺖ )‪.(10 -8 :32‬‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ  ﺑﺨﺶ ‪0‬ﻣﻮ‪ E‬ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮژ‪ P‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ -‬ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ ﻳﻜﻰ  ﻣﻮﻓﻖﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ ILL‬ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﺳﺎ‪ 9 1989 h‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪ‪9‬‬ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ  ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺳﺖ )‪ .(24 -17 :33‬ﻳﻦ ﭘﺮژ‪ 2‬ﻛﻪ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺪ ﻗﺮ ﺑﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ) ‪ 6‬ﻣﺎ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ‪ h‬ﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ  ﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮ ﮔﺮ‪9‬ﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎ ‪9‬ﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﺣﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎ‪9 h‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ‪  ILL‬ﻣﺪ‪J‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺘﻰ ﻳﻦ ﭘﺮژ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻮ) ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ .9‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﺋﺖ ﻣﻰﺗﻮ ‪9‬ﻋﺎ ﻛﺮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﻮﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  29‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘـﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ‪ -‬ﻣﻜﺰﻳـﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻓﻴـﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺴﻮﻳﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺸﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺎ‪ 9‬ﻛﺮ‪ 29‬ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ  ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ  ﻣﺰﻳﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻬﺮ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ‪ 29‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺧﻮ‪  9‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ )‪:19‬‬ ‫‪128 -126‬؛ ‪.(14-12 :27‬‬ ‫‪23 . Online Computer Library Centre‬‬ ‫‪25 . Washington Library Network‬‬ ‫‪24 . Research Libraries Information Network‬‬ ‫‪ : Ariel . 26‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺘﻘﺎ‪ h‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ﮔﺮ‪ 2‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪   ،‬ﻛﺎ‪0‬ﻣﺪ ﻣﺪ‪  J‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻰﺳﺎ‪ .9‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ 9‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺳﺎ‪9 ،h‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ  ﭼﺎپ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻏﺎ‪ 9 /‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪NCL‬‬ ‫ ‪ 28 NLL‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ‪0 9‬ﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﺶ  ‪80‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ) ‪ Online‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮ ﺳﻔﺎ‪E‬‬ ‫‪ .99‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻛﭙﻰ ﻣﺪ‪  J‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 9  0‬ﭼﺎﭼﻮ‪g‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﻘﻮ‪ l‬ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ )‪.(46‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫ﻛﭙﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ‪ 9‬ﺻﻮ) ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‪9 ،‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮ‹ ‪ 24‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 48‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ‪ 299‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 9‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺻﻮﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪9‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰ‪  0 E‬ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺴﺖ  ﻳﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﺮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎ‪h‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 9 .9‬ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎ‪ ،h‬ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ)‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ   ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ‪ 29‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 0‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫‪ Replies Intray‬ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪ .(14‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ  ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ‪0‬ﺗﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ 9‬ﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻ) ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺳﺖ )‪.(224 -220 :17‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺮ‪/‬ﻓﺰ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻢﻣﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ ﺳﺎ‪9 h‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ‪ ،10‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ILL‬ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ‪ 9  2‬ﻗﺖ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺟﺪﮔﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ )‪.(191 -184 :42‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﺻﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪ 9 9‬ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ﺳﺖ )‪ 91 -86 :20‬؛ ‪.(30 :16‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﺪ  ﻳﻮﻛﺸﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻊ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﺶ  ﺳﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﻛﺘﺎ‪،g‬‬ ‫‪ 242000‬ﻋﻨﻮ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ  ﺑﻴﺶ  ﭼﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻓﺮ‪ /‬ﺑﻮ‪  29‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪ 700‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫‪ .99‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎ ﻧﺔ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﺶ  ‪ 14000‬ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺳﺖ‪52 .‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﺻﺪ  ﻛﻞ ﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎ‚ ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ 9 .‬ﺳﻂ ‪9‬ﻫﺔ ‪ ،1980‬ﺑﻴﺶ ‬ ‫‪9 75‬ﺻﺪ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ‪ 9 ILL‬ﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎ‬ ‫ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺪ‪9 50 9‬ﺻﺪ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ‪ILL‬‬ ‫‪9 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ  ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺳﺎ‪h‬ﻫﺎ ‪ 1999  1998‬ﺻﻮ)‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺪ‪ 3/67 9‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮ ﺑﺮ‪ 90‬ﺷﺪ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ )‪.(194 -190 :36‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  29‬ﻳﻚ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‪r‬‬ ‫  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﻔﺤﺎ) ‪ g‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻼ)‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﻔﺮﻧﺲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰ‪E‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ‪9‬ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‪ P‬ﺳﻔﺎ‪ ،E‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ  ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 0‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺳﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ  ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮ‪2‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﭙﻰ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎ  ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ )‪ (BL‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ) ﻳﺎ‪9 9‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ Œ ‪ 299‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ  ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫‪29 . Link‬‬ ‫‪27 . National Central Library‬‬ ‫‪28 . National Lending Library‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ  ‪9‬ﻫﺔ‪ ،1990‬ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﺷﺒﻜﻪ  ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ 9 .‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮژ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‪9‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ‪  30‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪ‪ c‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺟﺮﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺗﻨﺪ ‪ :‬ﭘﺮژ‪ P‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮژ‪ 2‬ﻧﺮ‪/‬ﻓﺰ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ‪  J‬ﭘﺮژ‪ 2‬ﻣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ )‪.(107 -103 :25‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ‪9‬ﻧﺶ ﺑﺸﺮ  ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﭼﻮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻮ‪9‬ﺟﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ﻓﺰﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪ P‬ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻗﺎ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮ‪09‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ  ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻟﺰ‪ /‬ﺟﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ  ﭘﻴﺶ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪0‬ﺷﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 9 .9‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺣﺎ‪ h‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺰ ‪ 9‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺼﻮ‪ g‬ﺳﺎ‪1987 h‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﺰ  ﻣﻠﺰ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ﻧﺠﺎ‪ /‬ﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‪h‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪ ،9‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ  ﺗﺒﺎ‪h9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ  ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻧﺘﺸﺎ)‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺖ‪  ،‬ﺳﻮ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻟﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﺰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺪ‪233 9  2‬‬ ‫)‪31 . Publication Delivery System (PDS‬‬ ‫‪30 . National Library of Australia‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﭼﺎﭘﻰ  ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ 9 .‬ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎ‪ ،h‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻇﻬﻮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ) ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ  ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻻ‪  /‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ  ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ‪9‬ﻻﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪ g‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ .9‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺖ  ‪0 E‬ﻣﻮ‪E‬ﻫﺎ ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻫﺶﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ  ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ‪ 99‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ‪9 9‬ﺳﺘﺮ‪ L‬ﺳﺘﺎ‪9  9‬ﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ .9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ) ‪0‬ﻣﻮﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ﻧﺎﺷﻰ‬ ‫ ﻓﺰﻳﺶ ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪ P‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ  ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺗﻬﻴﺔ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻒ ﺷﺪ‪  2‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻰ ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ‪ 9‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮ‪ 90‬ﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ‪290  9‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ‪ 9 ،‬ﺳﻨﺖ  ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻏﻨﻰ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﻳﮋ‪9 2‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻄﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺮ)‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ILL‬ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ ‪9 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ‪9‬ﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ) ‪0‬ﻣﻮﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﺎ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ‪9‬ﻫﺔ‪ 1970‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻞ ﻣﺪ‪J‬‬ ‫ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺘﻮ ﺑﻮ‪.9‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ  ‪9‬ﻫﺔ ﻫﻔﺘﺎ‪ ،9‬ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﺳﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮﺗﮋ Œ ‪ ،99‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺘﻮﻛﭙﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ  ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ‬ ‫ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰ‪9  9‬ﻫﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻋﻤﺪ‪0 9 2‬ﺷﻴﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﻨﺎ‪  9‬ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ  ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻗﺮ ‪ .99‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﺣﺎ‪،h‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺪ ‪ 9‬ﻋﺼﺮ ﻧﻔﺠﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ  ﺑﺎﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ) ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻧﺸﺪ‪2‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﺳﺮ ‪9‬ﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ  ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ  ﻣﻌﺪ‪2 9‬ﺣﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻮ‪9‬ﻛﺎﺳﺎ  ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  29‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪ 9‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬ژﻧﻮﻳﺔ ‪ ،1998‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻴﻦﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺘﺎ‪ 9 32‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻫﻠﻰ‪ 33‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎ‪0 DELNET /‬ﻏﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮ‪ 9 .9‬ﻗﻊ‪ ،DELNET ،‬ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻮ‪  /‬ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻏﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﻧﻤﻮ‪ 9  9‬ﺳﺎ‪ 1992 h‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻠﻰ‪9 35‬ﻟﺖ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﻼ‪ /‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪9‬ﻳﺖ ﻛﺮ‪ .9‬ﻫﺪ‪ c‬ﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ DELNET‬ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ  ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﺎ ﻋﻀﺎ ‪9‬ﻫﻠﻰ  ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻃﺮ‪0 c‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ E‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ƒ ،‬ﺧﻴﺮ‪2‬ﺳﺎ  ﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)‪،‬‬ ‫ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ E‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ‪9‬ﺑﺎ‪2‬ﻛﺎﻫﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺿﺮ ﻧﺠﺎ‪/‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 9 .9‬ﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ 68 ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺑﻴﺶ  ‪ 29‬ﻫﺰ ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎ‪ g‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﻋﻀﺎ ﺳﻤﻰ  ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ  ‪ 29‬ﻫﺰ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺳﻤﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪ g‬ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮ‪2‬‬ ‫‪ 78 9 h‬ﻋﻀﻮ  ﮔﺮ‪ 8 9 /9 2‬ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻀﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ‪  DELNET‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪9 ،‬ﻧﺸﻜﺪ‪ ،2‬ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻰ‪9 ،‬ﻟﺘﻰ ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ  ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ)‬ ‫ﻗﻊ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺎ‚  ‪9‬ﻫﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﭘﺎ‪،h‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﺎ‪ ،g‬ﺳﻴﻤﻼ‪0 ،‬ﻧﺪﭘﺮ‪ ...  36E9‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻴﺮ ً‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪ DELSEARCH .‬ﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ‪  DELNET 9‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪Technology (NISSAT‬‬ ‫‪32 . India International Centre‬‬ ‫)‪35 . National Informatic Centre (NIC‬‬ ‫‪33 . Delhi Library Network‬‬ ‫‪36 . Bhopal, Punjab, Simla, Andhra Pradesh‬‬ ‫‪34. National Information System in Science and‬‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‪ x‬ﺑﻪ ‪PDS‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ 9  2‬ﺧﺘﻴﺎ ﻫﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 9 2‬ﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪ 9 .9‬ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪9 ،‬ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﺑﻪﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ 29‬ﺑﺮ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ  ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎ ﻣﻰ‪ .9‬ﻋﻼ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ‪ ،0‬ﻧﺮ‪/‬ﻓﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‪ h‬ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻜﻰ ‪9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ‪ILL‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺷﺪ‪  2‬ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪.9‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻞ  ﻧﺘﻘﺎ‪9 h‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖﻫﺎ ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻏﻠﺐ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺪ) ﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪ 2‬‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻋﺮ‹ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪9‬ﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺻﻮ) ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮ‪9‬‬ ‫)‪ 24 -17 :33‬؛ ‪.(26 -19 :18‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﺮ  ﻗﺎ‪ 9‬ﻣﻰﺳﺎ‪ 9‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪) DELNET‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻛﺘﺎ‪g‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺋﻮﻳﻲ‪9 ،‬ﺳﺖﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻼ)‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎ‪g‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ  ‪ (...‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺑﭙﺮ‪9‬ﻧﺪ  ‪ 9‬ﺻﻮ) ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ  ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺪ‪9 J‬ﻟﺨﻮ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‪9  9‬ﺧﻮﺳﺖ  ‪9‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪ ILL‬ﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪  ،‬ژﻧﻮﻳﺔ ‪ 1997‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ)‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﺎ‪  h‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ) ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻳﮕﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻰ  ‪0‬ﻳﻞ ‪ 1997‬ﻗﺪ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺬ ﺟﻮﻫﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺋﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ) ﺧﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﺮ‪29‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ )‪.(227 -220 :34‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮ'‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ 1‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺰﻳﻲ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎ) ﻣـﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣـﻮﻗﻊ  ﺑـﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪29‬ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ‪ .99‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻧﻴﻦ‪E ،‬ﻫﺎ  ‪9‬ﺳﺘﻮﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﺪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻳﺰ ﺷﻮ‪ 9‬ﻛﻪ  ﺳﻮ ﻫﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ  ﻻ‪/‬ﻻﺟﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﮔﻴﺮ ﻳﻦ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﻮﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺪ‬ ‫‪ J9‬ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻳﮋ‪ 2‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ  ﻣﻔﻬﻮ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺑﺮ‪9‬ﻫﺎ  ﻫﻜﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﻰ ‪ ،0‬ﻋﻤ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﺘﻈﺎ ﻧﺨﻮﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺶ  ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺪﻣﻰ ‪9‬‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮ ﻧﻈﺎ‪/‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻛﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﻻ‪ /‬ﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  29‬ﺗﺠﺎ‪ g‬ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ‪0‬ﻣﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺠﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸـﻮﻫـﺎ ﺟﻬـﺎ ﺳـﻮ‪ /‬ﻫﻤـﻮ‪9 2‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺒﻮ‪9‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺑﻮ‪  29‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ‪9‬ﻟﻴﻞ ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﺤﺪ‪9‬ﻳﺖ ﻋﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ  ﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎ‪ h‬ﻳﺎ‪ 9‬ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ )‪ 9 .(33 -26 :24‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺒﻮ‪ 9‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ  ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ‪E 9‬ﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ E‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ  ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻨﻚ ﺗﺨﺎƒ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ‪ 9‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ  ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺪ‪ J‬ﻣﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎ ﻳﻜﻰ  ﻫﻜﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺳﻰ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮ‪g‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪ 16 -12 :23) 9‬؛ ‪.(75 -70 :44‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻜﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪9 9‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ  ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ‪ 9 9‬ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺠﺮﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪0‬ﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ) ﺟﺪ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﻮ‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺎ‪ /‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺧﻮ‪  9‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻰ‪9‬ﻫﺪ‪ ِ9 .‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺠﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ  ﭘﮋﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ  ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ  ﺧﺪﻣﺎ)‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﻛﭙﻰ  ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻓﺮﻣﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ 29‬ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮ ‪ ،0‬ﻛﭙﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻ) ﻣﺠﻼﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪  ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺧﻞ  ﺧﺎ‚  ﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮ‪.(5 :15) 9‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻳﺰ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫ ﺻﻮﻟﻰ ﭘﺮ‪9‬ﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 0 9‬ﻳﺠﺎ‪  9‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ  ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﻻ‪،/‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻴﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼ)  ‪E‬ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ‪0‬ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻮ‪ 9‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮ ﮔﻴﺮ‪ 9‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮ  ﺗﻮﻗﻒ  ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﭘﺮژ‪2‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﺴﺎ) ﺟﺒﺮﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺘﺼﺎ‪9‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‪  E9‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ)  ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮ‪.9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪0 .1‬ﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﻴﻦ‪] .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪:[9‬‬ ‫‪http://www.irandoc.ac.ir/Sharing/Amin/‬‬ ‫]‪Direction/regulat.htm. [16 Jul. 2007‬‬ ‫‪» .2‬ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﻳﺨﭽﻪ«‪ .‬ﺗﻔﺎ[‪3 ،h P9 ،‬‬ ‫)ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪] .( 1379‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪:[9‬‬ ‫‪http://213.176.21.23/Sharing/Ettefaq/‬‬ ‫]‪No3/d3.htm. [16 Jul.2007‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ ‪) 75‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪(87‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻴﻦﭘﻮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻧﻪ‪» .‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪9 1‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪2‬ﻫﺎ‪ 1‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛﺸﻮ‪ :‬ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ  ﻋﻮﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ«‪ .‬ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺎ‪ P9 ،/‬ﺷﺎﻧﺰ‪9‬ﻫﻢ‪) 1 ،‬ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪.44-35 :(1385‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻫﻤـﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﻪ' ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠـﻢﺳﻨﺠـﻲ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﻬـﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺻﻔﻬﺎ‪.1385 ،‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﻫﻤﻮ‪" .‬ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‪ 1‬ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ."1‬ﻳﺮﻟﻤﻌﺎ _‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ '  ﻃﻼ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪.1889-1886 r .2 ‚ .‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﺑﻮﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎ ‪» .h‬ﻣﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎﻳﺨﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮ‪/‬ﻫﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳﺎﻻ)‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‪ .«2‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ .1‬ﺗﻔﺎ[‪ P9 ،‬ﺳﻮ‪3 ،/‬‬ ‫)ﺳﻔﻨﺪ ‪] .(1381‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪:[9‬‬ ‫‪http://www.irandoc.ac.ir/Sharing/Ettefaq/‬‬ ‫]‪No_3_3/default.htm. [16 Jul. 2007‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻌﻮ‪» .29‬ﮔﺰ‪ E‬ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻳﺮ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎ‪ .«1351 1350 h‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺪ ‪ +‬ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻳﺮ‪.32 ،/9 P9 ،‬‬ ‫]ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪:[9‬‬ ‫‪http://www.irandoc.ac.ir/ETELA-ART/‬‬ ‫]‪JiSold/2&3-2-6.htm. [16 Jul. 2007‬‬ ‫‪ .8‬ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻰ ‪» .s‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻳﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺷﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‪  1‬ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﻜﺪ‪ P‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻰ  ﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪9 ،‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﺗﻬﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.1352‬‬ ‫‪ .9‬ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺷﻨﮓ‪» .‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻧﻈﺮ) ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﺑﺎ‪ 2‬ﺗﻌﺎ  ﺷﺘﺮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ‪ /‬ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﺸﻮ«‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺷﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‪  1‬ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪9 ،‬ﻧﺸﻜﺪ‪P‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ  ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪9 ،‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 2‬ﻋﻠﻮ‪/‬‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻳﺮ‪.1373 ،‬‬ ‫‪» .10‬ﻃﺮ‪ s‬ﻣﻴﻦ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ«‪] .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫‪9‬ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ‪:[9‬‬ ‫‪http://www4.irandoc.ac.ir/sharing/amin.‬‬ ‫]‪htm. [16 Jul. 2007‬‬ ‫‪ .11‬ﻃﺮ‪ b‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ a‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪ T‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻮ=‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﺮ‪29 :‬ﻛﻞ ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ  ﻛﺘﺐ ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎ) ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺖ ﭘﮋﻫﺸﻰ ) ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺖ‪.1378 .‬‬ ‫]ﺟﺰ‪.[2‬‬ ‫‪ .12‬ﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻧﻪ؛ ﺣﻤﺪ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻛﻦﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫»ﻣﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻦﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ .«1‬ﻃﻼ‪ 2‬ﺳﺎﻧﻰ‪ P9 ،‬ﺳﻴﺰ‪9‬ﻫﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫‪) 1‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪.8-3 :(1376‬‬ ‫‪ .13‬ﻧﺸﺎ‪ ،x‬ﻧﺮﮔﺲ‪» .‬ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ  ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ‪ 9‬ﻳﺮ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺷﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺪ‪  1‬ﻃﻼ‪V‬ﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪9‬ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‪ 90 2‬ﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﺗﻬﺮ‪.1375 ،‬‬ ‫‪14. "A single source for al your‬‬ ‫‪document needs". [on-line]. Available:‬‬ ‫‪www.bl.uk/services/bsds/dsc/deli‬‬ ‫‪http://‬‬ ‫]‪very.html [16 Jul. 2007‬‬ new information technology in Nigerian libraries". Library Review, Vol.40, No.5 explosion (1991): 12- 16. development 24. Ephraim, P. E. "Medical practice, in B. "Education university library Nigeria". Nigerian Libraries, Vol.3, No.1 (1997): 5. 16. "British library now a document state of Interlibrary loan and document supplier on the first search catalog". OCLC supply". 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