Telling Lies

Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1981

Legal and Criminological Psychology, 2010

European Psychologist, 2014

2021

I define a lie or deception as an act by which one person misleads another by doing so deliberately, without prior notice of his or her objectives and without a clear request from the victim not to disclose the truth. There are two main forms of lying: silence and distortion. By default a liar hides true information but does not report false information. When distorted, the liar takes some extra action - not only hides the truth, but also provides false information in return, transmitting it as true. Often, just a combination of silence and distortion leads to deception, but in some cases, a liar can succeed and simply does not tell the whole truth. Cheating is especially necessary when hiding emotions. The best way to hide strong emotions is with a mask. And the best mask is a fake emotion. But not every situation allows a liar to replace one emotion with another. For example, during a poker game, a player who has great cards in his hands and is excited about the prospect of hittin...

International Journal of Neurolinguistics & Gestalt Psychology, 2021

Lying emerges from the hedonistic nature of humans to avoid pain and to increase pleasure. It can be also seen that we lie not only for personal gains but also for others' gain too. It is a known fact how, telling a lie is costly: emotionally, cognitively, and physiologically. Lie-tellers experience negative emotions, cognitive impairment, physiological stress, and reveal this through nonverbal cues. Systematic detailed information was depicted about types of lying along with providing an overview of convergence and divergence.

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 2008

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1988

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983

Nature, 2002