“Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) – the Patriarch of the Byzantine Studies”, in: Byzantinoslavica, 70 (2012), pp. 283-323

BYZANTINO´ SLAVICA R E V U E I N T E R N AT I O N A L E D E S É T U D E S BYZ A N T I N E S LXX 2012 1--2 Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953): The Patriarch of the Byzantine Studies* Ionu˛ Alexandru TUDORIE (Bucharest) I think that for the history of the culture of one or another country are interesting and important memoirs and reminiscences not only of crowned monarchs, their ministers, diplomats, generals, eminent writers, musicians, and painters, but also memoirs and reminiscences of an average man, who has not passed life by. If we had, at our disposal, a great number of memoirs and reminiscences of the latter sort, many sides of our culture, that we should vainly try to discover in the writings of the former category, might have been clarified. I say this having in view myself. I do not belong to any representatives listed in the first group. I am a modest teacher of a Russian gymnasium, then university professor in Russia and the United States of America, allheartedly devoted to music, indefatigable traveller, and convinced lover of life.1 This is the opening paragraph, written on Monday, December 2nd, 1940, of an extensive autobiography that Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev intended to produce during the late years of his life.2 Unfortunately, he only managed to write a few drafts, currently held by The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection (Washington, DC), which complement the limited bibliography available.3 Indeed, * I extend my gratitude to all my friends who helped me collect the necessary bibliography to produce this article. I especially thank Alice-Mary Talbot, former director of the Byzantine Studies Department of Dumbarton Oaks, who offered me the opportunity to verify and complete the list of Alexander A. Vasiliev’s publications, during my second research scholarships as pre-doctoral student in Washington, DC in August 2009. 1 J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 264-265. This Preface, as prof. Vasiliev entitled it, is now available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 18). 2 It was A. A. Vasiliev’s avowed intention to divide his memoirs into four sections, according to the most important aspects of his life: music, teaching, travels and private life. 3 In rendering the reputed Byzantinologist’s portrait, I have used the following bibliography (both sources and secondary literature), which I list here in the chronological order of their publication: A. A. VASILIEV, Byzantine Studies in Russia, Past and Present, The American Historical Review 32 (1927) 539-545; Âŕńčëüĺâ, Ŕëĺęńŕíäð Ŕëĺęńŕíäðîâč÷, in: Áîëüřŕ˙ Ńîâĺňńęŕ˙ Ýíöčęëîďĺäč˙, ňîě 283 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie professor Vasiliev has not pass life by, as the great Alexander or the magister fully deserved the fondness of his fellow Byzantinologists, as well as their acknowledgements occasioned by the last International Congress of Byzantine Studies he attended (Thessaloniki, April 12-19, 1953). * Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev was born in Sankt-Petersburg on September 22nd, 1867, in a family with three children: two sons and a daughter. His father, Alexander Stepanovich Vasiliev, was an army officer and reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Russian army. As such, he was periodically sent from garrison to garrison, so that by the time of the father’s death (occured in 1880), Vasiliev family had relocated from Sankt-Petersburg to Petropavlovsk (1874-1877), then Viazma and Sicevka (1877-1879; the latter two belonging to Smolensk governorate). His mother, Olga Alexandrovna, belonged to Chelpanov family, a family of merchants, who ran a military shop in Sankt-Petersburg. In 1880, once settled in the Empire’s capital, Alexander Alexandrovich was enrolled in the second grade of Gymnasium no. 1, 284 IX (Âŕðëĺí-Âĺíăëĺéí), ed. O. I. Schmidt, Moscow 1928, 53-54; G. VERNADSKY, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ (ę ńĺěčäĺń˙ňčëĺňčţ ĺăî), (ðîäčëń˙ 22 ńĺíň˙áð˙ 1867 ăîäŕ), Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) X (1938) 1-11; H. GRÉGOIRE, Alexandre AlexandroviË Vasiliev, Byzantion XXII (1952) 526-531; S. EYICE, Aleksandr AleksandroviË Vasiliev, Tarih Dergisi IV (1952) 164; A Russian Scholar, The New York Times, 3 June 1953, 30; M. KARPOVICH, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ č Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ, Íîâűé Ćóðíŕë (The New Review. Russian Quarterly) 34 (1953) 287-293; M. CANARD, Alexandre Alexandrovitch Vasiliev, Revue de la Méditerranée 13 (1953) 693-696; M. V. ANASTOS, Alexander A. Vasiliev: A Personal Sketch, The Russian Review XIII (1954) 59-63; S. der NERSESSIAN – A. M. FRIEND Jr. – G. LAPIANA, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev, Speculum 29 (1954) 650-652; S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 1-21; I. P. MEDVEDEV, Âŕńčëüĺâ, Ŕëĺęńŕíäð Ŕëĺęńŕíäðîâč÷, in: Ńëŕâ˙íîâĺäĺíčĺ â äîðĺâîëţöčîííîé Ðîńńčč. Áčîáčáëčîăðŕôč÷ĺńęčé ńëîâŕðü, Moscow 1979, 92-93; A. G. HERZEN, Î äâóő ðóęîďčń˙ő ńî÷číĺíč˙ Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ â ŕðőčâĺ ËÎČŔ ŔÍ ŃŃŃÐ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę 40 (1979) 191-192; Ĺ. BASARGINA, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ č Ðóńńęčé Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęčé Číńňčňóň â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ, in: Ðîńńčéńęčĺ ó÷ĺíűĺ č číćĺíĺðű â ýěčăðŕöčč, ed. V. P. Borisov, Moscow 1993, 127-135; A. G. HERZEN, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ ęŕę ýňíîëîă, in: Ðîńńčéńęîĺ âčçŕíňčíîâĺäĺíčĺ. Čňîăč č ďĺðńďĺęňčâű, ed. G. G. Litavrin, Moscow 1994, 37-39; I. V. KUKLINA, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ: «ňðóäű č äíč» ó÷ĺíîăî â ńâĺňĺ íĺčçäŕííîé ďĺðĺďčńęč, in: Ŕðőčâű ðóńńęčő âčçŕíňčíčńňîâ â Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðăĺ, ed. I. P. Medvedev, Saint Petersburg 1995, 313-338; G. M. BONGARD-LEVIN – I. V. TUNKINA, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ č Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ (íîâűĺ ŕðőčâíűĺ ěŕňĺðčŕëű), Âĺńňíčę Äðĺâíĺé Čńňîðčč (Journal of Ancient History) 4[219] (1996) 168-188; G. M. BONGARD-LEVIN – I. V. TUNKINA, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ č Ŕ .Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ: Řĺńňü äĺń˙ňčëĺňčé äðóćáű č ňâîð÷ĺńęîăî ńîňðóäíč÷ĺńňâŕ, in: Ńęčôńęčé ðîěŕí, ed. G. M. Bongard-Levin, Moscow 1997, 259-286; Ŕ. G. GRUSHEVOY, Ę ďĺðĺčçäŕíčţ öčęëŕ îáůčő ðŕáîň Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ ďî čńňîðčč Âčçŕíňčč, in: A. A. Vasiliev, Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęîé Čěďĺðčč (324-1453), Âńňóďčňĺëüíŕ˙ ńňŕňü˙, ďðčěĺ÷ŕíč˙, íŕó÷íŕ˙ ðĺäŕęöč˙, ďĺðĺâîä ń ŕíăëčéńęîăî ˙çűęŕ č čěĺííîé óęŕçŕňĺëü Ŕ. Ă. Ăðóřĺâîăî, čçäŕíčĺ âňîðîĺ, čńďðŕâëĺííîĺ (= Ńĺðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęŕ˙ áčáëčîňĺęŕ), ňîě 1, Saint Petersburg 2000, 5-18; J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 243-275. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) Vasiliev at the work desk © Dumbarton Oaks Archives (AR.PH.Misc.091) from which he graduated with honors in 1887. As early as secondary school, he focused on classical languages (at the time, he would keep a diary in Latin) and music. Thus, after he had started piano lessons, somewhat reluctantly, at the age of five (with a Russian-German teacher, Ecaterina Henrikovna Twelkmeier), A. A. Vasiliev would daily play various music pieces, during his late secondary-school years (1884-1887), in the quietness of his room: Je commencais à 8 heures et, prenant example de notre chef d’orchestre illustre Mr. Napravnik, je m’inclinais à droit et à gauche devant mon public imaginaire. Avec un signe de tête je désignais à chaque musiciens de mon orchestre son entrée. Les entreactes duraient 15 minutes et c’est alors que je préparais mes leçons pour le gymnase. J’avais un carnet que tenait compte du nombre de fois que j’avis joué chaque opéra. C’est ainsi que j’ai fété, au courant de ces 4 années, le jubilée de Chaikovsky „Eugène Onegine” que j’avais joué 100 fois, le jubilée des „Huguenots”, de „Faust”, de „Tannheuzer” et autres opéras joués par 50 fois. […] Chaque Samedi nous avions à la maison des petites réunions musicales où mes camarades d’école et de jeunes étudients contribuaient en chantant ou jouant sur de differents instruments des romances et des pièces de nos fameux compositeurs comme Glinka, Chaikovsky, Dragomyshky, 285 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie Borodine et autres.4 Moreover, A. A. Vasiliev tried his hand as a composer at Mikhail Lermontov’s poem Boyar Orsha and Mikhail Glinka’s A Life for the Tsar. In 1887, he was admitted into the Faculty of History and Philology of Sankt-Petersburg State University; however, only a few weeks later, A. A. Vasiliev decided to transfer to the Faculty of Oriental Languages (specializing in Arabic). There he studied with two renowned professors: Baron Victor R. Rosen (Arabic language) and Valentin A. Jukovski (Persian language). At the end of his first academic year (1888), he decided to re-enrol into the Faculty of History and Philology, and attend Oriental languages as an audient student. Here, he met his former secondary-school colleague, V. N. Zlatarski, with whom he kept in touch in subsequent years.5 In keeping with the academic education standards of the times’ Russia, the first two years were dedicated to the general study of a particular field, while the last two years provided specialization. Thus, at the end of the academic year 1889-1890, A. A. Vasiliev had to decide for one of the following specializations: Classical Antiquity, History, Russian Literature and Western Literature. In his case, it was a difficult choice not only because of the options, but mainly because he was drawn to music at the time. From his very first academic year (1887) he had also attended the Academy of Music, where he studied for one year with professor N. F. Soloviev (the author of the opera Cordelia), and even sat a few exams. Although later he had to give up these courses, his interest in music endured and weighed in his decision making. As Classical languages were another old interest, A. A. Vasiliev inclined to choose Classical Antiquity for his specialization. However, as he himself stated, a providential moment caused him to change his original intention: Our professor of Turkish [V. D. Smirnov] had organized a dance; some of the professors of the Faculty of Oriental Languages were there. Between two dances Von Rosen asked me, „What are you going to do next year? Which section have you chosen?” I told him frankly, and without great enthusiasm, „I shall probably choose the section of Classical Languages.” Then Rosen said, „Let me give you a bit of advice; you know Greek, Latin and Arabic. Go and see Professor Vasilievsky and study Byzantinism.” The word „Byzantinism” did not have a very clear meaning for me at that time. A few days later I went to see Vasilievsky. I found him in a distant section of St. Petersburg, in a very modest apartment, surrounded with books. He did not discourage me 4 286 J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 268-269. The draft copy of this Musical Recollections is available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 18). 5 See: A. A. VASILIEV, Ďŕě˙ňč Â. Í. Çëŕňŕðńęîăî, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) VIII (1936) 280-282. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) when I said that I knew nothing about Byzantium. He asked me what I was planning to do the following summer. I said that I was going with three young girls to Marienbad [the German name of the Czech town Mariánské Lázně], and then to Switzerland. „Have you read Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire?”, he asked. „No”, I answered. „Then go abroad with your three young girls, but take Gibbon with you, and try to read it.” That is what I did; I read Gibbon, perhaps not very attentively because of circumstances which had no connection with this famous work, and since that time I have become a Byzantinist.6 Indeed, from then on, A. A. Vasiliev dedicated himself to the study of the history of the Empire that had set its capital on the Bosphorus. Later, in December 1936, he described his interest for the Byzantine Studies, before the University of Wisconsin students, with the following words: From the days of my youth, when I had begun to be interested in history and to study, my special interest has always been concentrated in the history of the Near East, both Christian and Moslem, the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, Constantinople, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Arabia, and so on. At the outset this was not really a scholarly interest. All these countries seemed to me, in my juvenile dreams, so new, fresh, unknown, tantalizingly fascinating; one of my dreams was to go far away from the civilized world into the desert of Arabia, to live there among the Bedouins, to take part in their expeditions and raids, to follow their caravans. […] These vague but fascinating ideas were transformed only gradually into more realistic and ultimately into scholarly form. Since I first began to study the Near East I have never lost interest in various problems connected with it, problems which are so numerous, so complicated, and so absorbing. I have devoted my scholarly life to the Near East not only for its own sake, not only for its charm and spell, but also for its extreme importance in the spread of Hellenistic culture over the East after the campaigns of Alexander the Great; and for the boundlessly rich legacy of the Hellenistic culture to our own civilization of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.7 6 With slight differences, this moment of his first contact with prof. Vasilievsky is also presented by G. VERNADSKY (Annales de l’Institut Kondakov – Seminarium Kondakovianum X [1938] 3-4), as well as VASILIEV himself (Ěîč âîńďîěčíŕíč˙ î Â. Ă. Âŕńčëüĺâńęîăî, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov – Seminarium Kondakovianum XI [1940] 207-208). Also, the paragraphs in Vasiliev’s text describing this moment were subsequently translated by H. GRÉGOIRE (Byzantion XXII [1952] 528-529). I have opted here for the direct testimony of Vasiliev, given before his audience upon the inauguration of the Byzantine Chamber of the Royal Library in Brussels, in May 7, 1934 (cf. S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 [1955-1956] 5-6; the original draft copy of the conference „La Russie et les Études Byzantines“ is available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 18). 7 S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 6. The full speech is available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 13). 287 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie Such passion granted immediate satisfactions to the young student. During his final academic year (1891-1892) he participated in a students’ contest with the paper: The Reign of Anastasios I, written under the supervision of professor Vasilievsky, and received the highest award (the gold medal). Among his professors at the time, beside V. G. Vasilievsky and Baron V. R. Rosen, we mention the classicist P. V. Nikitin and the historian S. F. Platonov. As a student, A. A. Vasiliev also had exceptional colleagues, who later became prominent scholars in the History-Philology field: A. E. Presnyakov, N. P. Pavlov-Silvansky, I. I. Lappo (History of Russia), B. M. Melioranski (Church History), V. N. Zlatarski (Byzantine History), P. M. Melioranski (Oriental Languages), A. I. Smirnov and M. I. Rostovtzeff. In 1892, after his graduation from the Faculty, he was offered the Latin language teacher position by Gymnasium no. 1. As this was the institution he had attended himself (1880-1887), A. A. Vasiliev was known and appreciated by most professors. For this reason, as well as his achievements, his teaching activity was increased from 6 hours/week to 24 hours/week. Such busy didactic activity, to which were added the hours dedicated to music, briefly distracted him from the pursuits indicated by prof. Vasilievsky. However, in 1893-1894, he managed to meet his professor’s oft-repeated demands and published his first scientific article.8 The issuing of the specialized journal Vizantiyskiy vremennik, started in 1894, strongly motivated the young Vasiliev, who was brought by professor Vasilievsky into the editorial team.9 The year 1895 marked another highlight of A. A. Vasiliev’s career, when P. V. Nikitin, his former Greek Language professor, at the time the rector of Sankt-Petersburg State University, persuaded him to apply for a research scholarship in order to obtain the title of professor. His idea was supported by V. G. Vasilievsky and I. Pomealovskiy, so that the answer was positive: A. A. Vasiliev was granted a 600 rubles yearly stipend, 288 8 Chronologically, the first review published by A. A. VASILIEV was: Ćčňčĺ čćĺ âî ńâ˙ňűő îňöŕ íŕřĺăî Ôĺîäîðŕ, ŕðőčĺďčńęîďŕ Ĺäĺńńęŕăî. Ďî äâóěú ðóęîďčń˙ěú Ěîńęîâńęîé ńčíîäŕëíîé áčáëčîňĺęč čçäŕëú Č. Ďîě˙ëîâńęčé. Ń.-Ďá. 1892, Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙ CCLXXXVI (1893) 201-210. His first article was published in the following year: Âîďðîń î ńëŕâ˙íńęîě ďðîčńőîćäĺíčč Ţńňčíčŕíŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę I (1894) 469-492. 9 A brief survey on the first fascicles of Vizantiyskiy vremennik reveals the contribution of A. A. Vasiliev to this editorial project. Beside the articles and reviews regularly published in each fascicle, he was also in charge of the chronicle of events and presenting the latest works published abroad. Thus, between 1895-1908, he came into contact with the most important volumes published which he briefly presented in the well-known Russian periodical in the field. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) subsequently raised to 1.500 rubles, covering three years’ studying abroad (1897-1900). Departing six months before the subsidized period, Vasiliev headed for Paris, where he improved his knowledge of Turkish and Arabic languages (by attending École de langues orientales vivantes, with Professor Darembourg), as well as Ethiopian language (at the famous Université de Paris-Sorbonne, with Professor Joseph Halévy).10 In late 1897, he left for London, where he wrote his magisterium dissertation.11 Although he would have preferred to spend more time in London, he left for Vienna at the request of prof. Vasilievsky who urged him to meet the renowned Slavicist Constantine JireËek. He spent an entire semester there (the first half of 1898), although JireËekís courses failed to impress him. Then, after brief stays in Prague, Paris and London, at the end of his first year abroad (1898), Vasiliev returned to Sankt-Petersburg for three weeks, in order to submit his dissertation to the Faculty commission for evaluation. He spent the following year of study in the Near East, with the Russian Archaeological Institute of Constantinople, an institution established in 1894.12 Upon his arrival in January 1899, A. A. Vasiliev had the opportunity to work with Th. Uspensky and B. Farmakovsky, the Institute’s director and, respectively, its secretary. Besides his meeting with these two reputable historians, the possibility to undertake archaeological research in situ was the most important opportunity of the period. Thus, he did on-site research in Athens and the Aegean Sea islands (together with Professor Dörpfeld, the director of the German Institute 10 During these months in Paris, he discovered at the National Library a Greek manuscript containing The Life of the 42 martyrs of Amorion, which he published in the following year: Ăðĺ÷ĺńęčé ňĺęńň ćčňč˙ ńîðîęŕ äâóő ŕěîðčéńęčő ěó÷ĺíčęîâ ďî ðóęîďčńč Ďŕðčćńęîé Íŕöčîíŕëüíîé Áčáëčîňĺęč ą 1534, Çŕďčńęč Čěďĺðŕňîðńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčč Íŕóę (Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg), VIIIe Série, III (1898) 1-17. 11 This work was subsequently published: Âčçŕíňč˙ č ŕðŕáű. Ďîëčňč÷ĺńęčĺ îňíîřĺíč˙ Âčçŕíňčč č ŕðŕáîâ çŕ âðĺě˙ Ŕěîðčéńęîé äčíŕńňčč, (ěŕăčńňĺðńęŕ˙ äčńńĺðňŕöč˙), Çŕďčńęč čńňîð.-ôčëîëîă. ôŕęóëüňĺňŕ, ŃĎá óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ, ÷ŕńňü LVI, Saint Petersburg 1900. However, before issuing it in this form, A. A. VASILIEV had already published two major parts of it, as separate articles: Âčçŕíňčéńęîŕðŕáńęčĺ îňíîřĺíč˙ â öŕðńňâîâŕíčĺ Ěčőŕčëŕ III (842-867), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙ CCCXXIV (1899) 1-55; Âčçŕíňč˙ č ŕðŕáű ďðč čěďĺðŕňîðĺ Ôĺîôčëĺ (829-842), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 380-447. 12 For further information on the short-lived Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople (1894-1914; in 1914 it was moved to Russia, where it continued to operate nominally until 1920), see: K. K. PAPOULIDES, Ôï Ñùóéêü Áñ÷áéïëïãéêü Éíóôéôïýôï Êùíóôáíôéíïõðüëåùò (1894-1914), Thessaloniki 1987; S. Ŕ. YERSHOV – I. Ŕ. PYATNITSKY – K. N. YUZBASHYAN, Ðóńńęčé Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęčé Číńňčňóň â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ (ę 90-ëĺňčţ ńî äí˙ îńíîâŕíč˙), Ďŕëĺńňčíńęčé Ńáîðíčę 29 [92] (1987) 3-12; Ĺ. I. BASARGINA, Ðóńńęčé Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęčé Číńňčňóň â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ: ŕðőčâíűĺ ôîíäű, in: Ŕðőčâű ðóńńęčő âčçŕíňčíčńňîâ â Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðăĺ, ed. I. P. Medvedev, Saint Petersburg 1995, 62-92. 289 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie of Athens), in Asia Minor (with M. I. Rostovtzeff, where he visited the ruins of the Byzantine city of Amorion – Hisar)13 and Macedonia (in the company of B. Farmakovsky, in order to study the necropoles of Pateli – Amyntaio).14 Unfortunately, in the spring of 1899, A. A. Vasiliev lost his friend and mentor – Professor Vasilievsky. As he had been ill for a long time, he sought treatment at an Italian hospital, but died in Florence (where he was buried) on May 13th, 1899.15 The year 1900, his last year of studies abroad, was spent in Western Europe: he first travelled to Berlin, where he examined various Arabian manuscripts, then to Paris and London. During this time, he completed his PhD thesis,16 a chronological follow-up of the topic discussed in his magisterium dissertation, which had yet to be defended before a scientific commission. During this time spent abroad (1897-1900), although he was mainly concerned with documenting and drafting his two final theses (the magisterium and PhD ones), young Vasiliev succeeded in publishing several interesting articles in the periodical Vizantiyskiy vremennik; due to his passion for music, he approached the Greek church chanting and the most prominent Byzantine melodist, namely St. Roman;17 his study trips to Greece and Macedonia prompted him to undertake an evaluation of the Slavic population’s situation in the Greek Peninsula;18 he also translated The Life of St. Philaretos the Merciful19 into Russian. 13 290 For details on this study trip, see: G. VERNADSKY, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ (ę řĺńňčäĺń˙ňčëĺňčţ ĺăî), Seminarium Kondakovianum (Recueil d’Études. Archéologie. Histoire de l’Art. Études byzantines) IV (1931) 241-242. 14 For a brief presentation of the Pateli excavations, see: Ŕ. Ŕ. VASILIEV, Ýęńęóðńč˙ â Ěŕęĺäîíčţ Ðóńńęîăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęîăî Číńňčňóňŕ â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ îńĺíüţ 1899 ăîäŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VII (1900) 588590; Îň÷ĺň î äĺ˙ňĺëüíîńňč Ðóńńęîăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęîăî Číńňčňóňŕ â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ: Ðŕńęîďęč, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðóńńęîăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęîăî Číńňčňóňŕ â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ VI (1901) 472-477. 15 See: Ŕ. Ŕ. VASILIEV, Ěîč âîńďîěčíŕíč˙ î Â. Ă. Âŕńčëüĺâńęîăî, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) XI (1940) 207-214; I. P. MEDVEDEV, Honor sepulcri (ðŕçěűřëĺíč˙ Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ ó ěîăčëű Â. Ă. Âŕńčëüĺâńęîăî), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę 55 [80] (1994) 24-26. 16 Like his dissertation, this study was published subsequently: Âčçŕíňč˙ č ŕðŕáű. Ďîëčňč÷ĺńęčĺ îňíîřĺíč˙ Âčçŕíňčč č ŕðŕáîâ çŕ âðĺě˙ Ěŕęĺäîíńęîé äčíŕńňčč, 867-959, (äîęňîðńęŕ˙ äčńńĺðňŕöč˙), Çŕďčńęč čńňîð.-ôčëîëîă. Ôŕęóëüňĺňŕ ŃĎá Óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ, ÷ŕńňü LXVI, Saint Petersburg 1902. 17 Î ăðĺ÷ĺńęčő öĺðęîâíűő ďĺńíîďĺíč˙ő, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę III (1896) 582-633; Âðĺě˙ ćčçíč Ðîěŕíŕ Ńëŕäęîďĺâöŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VIII (1901) 435-478. 18 Ńëŕâ˙íĺ â Ăðĺöčč, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 404-438, 626-670. 19 Ćčňčĺ Ôčëŕðĺňŕ Ěčëîńňčâîăî, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðóńńęîăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęîăî Číńňčňóňŕ â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ V (1900) 49-86. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) Back to Sankt-Petersburg, in 1901, A. A. Vasiliev defended his dissertation, thus obtaining the title of magisterium. In the same year (1901), he resumed his didactic activity with Gymnasium no. 1, where he did not, however, teach Latin Language but General History, replacing his former teacher, A. A. Kondratiev. In the following year (1902), he publicly defended his doctoral thesis, and was declared Doctor in History. After obtaining this academic title, he was also invited to teach the Byzantine Empire History course, within the State University of Sankt-Petersburg, as a private lecturer (privatdozent).20 The position had been open since the death of Professor V. G. Vasilievsky. In 1902, together with Professor Nikolai Iakovlevich Marr,21 he undertook a study trip to Sinai,22 where, as suggested by Baron V. R. Rosen, he searched for the manuscripts of the Universal History by Agapius of Mabbug (Hierapolis) and found them in the library of St. Catherine monastery. After he had also studied the two other manuscript versions of this text, in Florence in 1903 (at Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) and, respectively, in Oxford in 1907, A. A. Vasiliev produced a critical edition and translation of the text into French, publishing it in the prestigious collection Patrologia Orientalis.23 In 1904, he was promoted from gymnasium to academic teaching: he became a tenured professor of the Modern History Department, at the University of Yuryev (Dorpat or Tartu, in today’s Estonia). However, until 1912, when he gave up this academic position from University of Yuryev, he concurrently teaches a Medieval History course within the Pedagogy Institute for Girls in Sankt-Petersburg, which compelled him to visit the capital twice a month. 20 This title is conferred by some higher education systems, and is peculiar to the German-speaking countries; it is obtained by those pursuing an academic career and holding all formal qualifications (doctorate and habilitation) to become a tenured university professor. Private lecturship is conferred following a lecture in front of the members of the respective department of an academic institution. Very rarely, it can also be withdrawn. 21 Nikolai Iakovlevich Marr (1964-1934) is known as the promoter of the monogenetic theory of languages (the Japhetic theory), according to which all spoken languages originate from a single proto-language. This theory constituted the ideological foundation of the Soviet linguistics school until 1950, when I.V. Stalin rejected it. See the English translation of STALIN’s refutation of this theory: Marxism and Linguistics, New York 1951. 22 See A. A. VASILIEV’s reflections on this study trip, in: Ó÷ĺíŕ˙ ďîĺçäęŕ íŕ Ńčíŕé â 1902 ăîäó, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IX (1902) 635; Ó÷ĺíŕ˙ ďîĺçäęŕ íŕ Ńčíŕé â 1902 ăîäó, Ńîîáůĺíč˙ Čěďĺðŕňîðńęîăî Ďðŕâîńëŕâíîăî Ďŕëĺńňčíńęîăî Îáůĺńňâŕ XV (1904) 173-252 (an extensive report, also published in: Ďîĺçäęŕ íŕ Ńčíŕé â 1902 ăîäó. Ďóňĺâűĺ íŕáðîńęč, Saint Petersburg 1904, 88 p.). 23 Kitab al-‘Unvan, Histoire universelle, écrite par Agapius (Mahboub) de Menbidj, éditée et traduite en français par Alexandre Vasiliev, coll. Patrologia Orientalis V (1910) 559-692; VII (1911) 457-591; VIII (1912) 399-550; XI (1916) 1-144. 291 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie During this period (1904-1912), prof. Vasiliev continued his intense collaboration with the specialized periodical Vizantiyskiy vremennik, contributing new articles on original topics: the Arab Christian historian Agapius of Mabbug, the origin of the founder of the Macedonian dynasty, the personality of St. Gregentius, bishop of the Homerites, as well as new Sinai manuscripts with hagiographical contents.24 Beside his didactic and research activity, the great Byzantinologist also pursued his interest in music, working with professor V. P. Kalafat of the Yuryev Academy of Music, with special emphasis on the latter’s course of Music Theory and Composition. A. A. Vasiliev also allowed himself the joy of travelling to the most remote places. Thus, leaving aside his near-yearly trips throughout Europe, he succeeded in visiting three different continents: in 1905, he visited Algeria, on the occasion of the International Congress of Orientalists;25 in 1906, he attended the semicentennial of Melbourne University (Australia),26 pausing on his way on the Tahiti island, in French Polynesia; and in 1910, he travelled to Argentina, following the invitation to participate in the International Congress of the American archaeologists27 (from there, he visited Chile and Peru to admire the natural landscapes of the Cordillera de los Andes). In 1912, he gave up his academic position of Yuryev, and became the dean and tenured professor of the Pedagogy Institute for Girls in the capital, also starting the Ancient History course with the Sankt-Petersburg State University, as a private lecturer (Privatdozent). The same year (1912) also brought about an irretrievable emotional loss: his mother, Olga Alexandrovna Vasiliev, passed away. A new change in his academic status occured in 1917, when he became a tenured professor at the State University of Petrograd (between 1914-1924 this was the official name of Sankt-Petersburg; subsequently, between 1924-1991, the city’s name was Leningrad). As acknowledge24 292 Ŕăŕďčé Ěŕíáčäćčéńęčé, őðčńňčŕíńęčé ŕðŕáńęčé čńňîðčę X âĺęŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XI (1904) 574-587; Ďðîčńőîćäĺíčĺ čěďĺðŕňîðŕ Âŕńčëč˙ Ěŕęĺäîí˙íčíŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1905) 148-165; Ćčňčĺ ńâ. Ăðčăĺíňč˙, ĺďčńęîďŕ Îěčðčňńęîăî, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 2367; Çŕěĺňęč î íĺęîňîðűő ăðĺ÷ĺńęčő ðóęîďčń˙ő ćčňčé ńâ˙ňűő íŕ Ńčíŕĺ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 276-333. 25 See the reports by A. A. VASILIEV: Le XIVe Congrès International des Orientalistes. VIe Section: Grèce et Orient, Revue Africaine XLIX (1905) 337-339; XIV-é číňĺðíŕöčîíŕëüíűé ęîíăðĺńń îðčĺíňŕëčńňîâ â 1905 ăîäó, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1905) 573-576. 26 See the Byzantinologist’s reflections following this experience: Ď˙ňčäĺń˙ňčëĺňíčé ţáčëĺé Ěĺëüáóðíńęîăî Óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ (1856-1906), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. VIII (1907) 29-46. 27 For further information on this event, see: Ńĺěíŕäöŕňűé ěĺćäóíŕðîäíűé ęîíăðĺńń ŕěĺðčęŕíčńňîâ â Áóýíîń-Ŕéðĺńĺ ń 16/3 ďî 21/8 ěŕ˙ 1910 ăîäŕ, Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. XXX (1910) 19-35. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) ment of his didactic and scientific activity, in 1918, when the State Academy of the History of Material Culture was established at Petrograd, A. A. Vasiliev was elected as a member from the very beginning. In fact, this new institution was the former Archaeological Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences, considerably altered with regard to its structure as well as number of its members. There were three departments within this Academy: Ethnography, Archaeology and Art. In their turn, each of these departments was subdivided into sections. Within the Archaeology Department, prof. Vasiliev worked as a head researcher for the section entitled Early Christian and Byzantine Archaeology, where he was appointed by the chairman of this section, between 1920-1922. Also, his scientific efforts were further acknowledged in 1919, when he became a correspondent member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. The last important moment of his academic career in Russia was 1922, when the Pedagogy Institute for Girls was closed, and therefore prof. Vasiliev only maintained his position within the Petrograd State University. Between 1912-1925, despite the hardships generated by the First World War, the political turmoil that marked the 20th century Russian history, as well as the inevitable scarcity, the great Byzantinologist and Orientalist managed to publish a number of works absolutely necessary to his students. We mention his course and textbook of Medieval History,28 as well as the four volumes dedicated to the Byzantine period.29 Also, by collaborating with his close friend I. Krachkovsky, he issued the first part of Yahya-ibn-Said’s History.30 Very surprinsingly for these times of political closeness of post-revolutionary Russia, we find prof. Vasiliev among the contributors to the first issue of the prestigious Cambridge Medieval History.31 His articles, published mainly before the First World War (between 1912-1914) concerned the late period of Byzantine history,32 with only one exception revealing 28 Ęóðń čńňîðčč Ńðĺäíčő Âĺęîâ. Ńðĺäíĺâĺęîâŕ˙ ęóëüňóðŕ, Moscow 1915, 208 p.; Ó÷ĺáíčę čńňîðčč Ńðĺäíčő Âĺęîâ, Moscow 1915, 223 p. 29 Ëĺęöčč ďî čńňîðčč Âčçŕíňčč, I. Âðĺě˙ äî ýďîőč Ęðĺńňîâűő ďîőîäîâ (äî 1081 ăîäŕ), Petrograd 1917, VIII + 355 p.; Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč. Âčçŕíňč˙ č Ęðĺńňîíîńöű. Ýďîőŕ Ęîěíčíîâ (1081-1185) č Ŕíăĺëîâ (1185-1204), Petersburg 1923, 120 p.; Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč. Ëŕňčíńęîĺ âëŕäű÷ĺńňâî íŕ Âîńňîęĺ. Ýďîőŕ Íčęĺéńęîé č Ëŕňčíńęîé čěďĺðčé (1204-1261), Petrograd 1923, 76 p.; Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč. Ďŕäĺíčĺ Âčçŕíňčč. Ýďîőŕ Ďŕëĺîëîăîâ (1261-1453), Leningrad 1925, 143 p. 30 Histoire de Yahya-ibn-Sa‘ïd d’Antioche, continuateur de Sa‘ïd-ibn-Bitriq, éditée et traduite en français par I. Kratchkovsky et A. Vasiliev, in: Patrologia Orientalis XVIII (1924) 701-833. 31 The Struggle [of Byzantium] with the Saracens (867-1057), in: The Cambridge Medieval History, IV. The Eastern Roman Empire (717-1453), Cambridge 1923, 138-150. 32 Ďóňĺřĺńňâčĺ âčçŕíňčéńęîăî čěďĺðŕňîðŕ Ěŕíóčëŕ II Ďŕëĺîëîăŕ ďî Çŕďŕäíîé Ĺâðîďĺ (1399-1403 ă.), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺ- 293 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie the author’s enduring fascination with the Christian-Arab relationships.33 During the last part of the above-mentioned period (between 19181925) his main research topic within the Archaeology Department section of the Academy of the History of Material Culture, concerned the Crimea region.34 For one small group of participants I chose the topic of the historical and archaeological study of the medieval Crimea, long a province in the Byzantine Empire, and of the adjacent places. The monuments of the Middle Ages in the Crimea – Greek, Roman, Gothic, Byzantine, Italian (Genoese and Venetian) – have not yet been systematically studied. This small group consisted of Mr. A. Smirnov and of three young women: the Misses N. Izmaïlova, H. Skrzynskaya, and M. Tikhanova. I myself took up the study of the Gothic problem in the Crimea and of the flourishing medieval Venetian colony of Tana at the mouth of the Don. Smirnov began to collect material for the history and archaeology of the peninsula of Tmutarakan (Taman), east of Crimea; Miss Izmaïlova studied the monuments of the city of Cherson (Korsun), where the Russian prince Vladimir was converted to Christianity; Miss Skrzynskaya – the Italian, especially Genoese, monuments of Sudak and Theodosia, two small cities on the southern shore of the Crimea; and Miss Tikhanova the history and the archaeological tradition of the city of Kertch (Bosphorus), opposite to the peninsula of Tmutarakan. It was during all those years a great consolation and encouragement to me to come to our cold room and to see that these young persons, in spite of famine and cold, were working strenuously and willingly. Under such circumstances all available material has been collected, and in 1924, two of the members of my group could at last, for the first time from the beginning of their work, go to the Crimea and study on the spot the archaeological remains of the Crimean Middle Ages. In 1925 three members of my sections went to the Crimea. Miss Skrzynskaya has measured all the Genoese fortifications of Sudak and made new copies of all Italian inscriptions, which will be published in Genoa in the Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria.35 Misses Izmaïlova and Tikhanova have also brought together very interesting materials on Cherson and 294 íč˙, í.ń. XXXIX (1912) 41-78, 260-304; Ëŕńęŕð Ęŕíŕí, âčçŕíňčéńęčé ďóňĺřĺńňâĺííčę XV âĺęŕ ďî Ńĺâĺðíîé Ĺâðîďĺ č Čńëŕíäčţ, in: Ńáîðíčę Őŕðüęîâńęîăî Čńňîð.-ôčëîëîă. Îá-âŕ â ÷ĺńňü ďðîô. Â. Ď. Áóçĺńęóëŕ, Kharkov 1914, 397-402; Ďĺðĺäŕ÷ŕ Ŕíäðĺĺěú Ďŕëĺîëîăîěú ńâîčőú ďðŕâú íŕ Âčçŕíňčţ ôðŕíöóçńęîěó ęîðîëţ Ęŕðëó VIII, in: Íčęîëŕţ Čâŕíîâč÷ó Ęŕðüĺâó (1873-1913). Ó÷ĺíčęč č ňîâŕðčůč ďî íŕó÷íîé ðŕáîňĺ, Saint Petersburg 1914, 273-278. 33 Ęŕðë Âĺëčęčé č Őŕðóí-ŕë-Ðŕřčä, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XX (1913) 63116. 34 For a brief information on prof. Vasiliev’s activity in the Crimean region, see: A. G. HERZEN, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ ęŕę ýňíîëîă, in: Ðîńńčéńęîĺ âčçŕíňčíîâĺäĺíčĺ. Čňîăč č ďĺðńďĺęňčâű, ed. G. G. Litavrin, Moscow 1994, 37-39. 35 The publication of the article announced by A. A. Vasiliev was slightly delayed: E. SKRZINKA, Inscriptions latines des colonies génoises en Crimée (Théodosie – Soudak – Balaklava), in: Iscrizioni genovesi in Crimea ed in Constantinopoli (= Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria LVI [1928]), Genova 1928, 1-141. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) Kertch.36 Vasiliev’s research about Crimea resulted in his publishing three original articles on this topic.37 The Russian Byzantinologist met difficulties with regard to the right to travel at least for scientific reasons. Before the First World War, he succeeded in continuing his annual study trips to Europe: Greece (1912), Italy (1913) and France (1914). After the war, and especially after the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), prof. Vasiliev was no longer allowed to leave the territory of Russia / U.S.S.R., except for a brief period in the summer of 1924, when he visited Germany, France and Belgium. Most likely, these restrictions (the difficulty of pursuing his research without bibliography and contacts with the academic world of his field of study) account for A. A. Vasiliev’s openness to any proposal coming from abroad. Such an opportunity soon presented itself. Sometimes our lives give us some wonderful experiences; […]. Rostovtzeff left Russia in 1918. Only in 1924, after ten years of my seclusion in Russia during the Great War and the Revolution, did I succeed in leaving Russia for a short while to go to Germany and France. And in the summer of that year, after six years of separation, I met Rostovtzeff in Paris. I learned then that he was leaving Madison [University of Wisconsin] for New Haven [Yale University]. In a joking way Sophie [Mrs. Rostovtzeff] said to me, „It would be nice if you could go to Madison to take my husband’s place.” I laughed and said, „Of course it would be very nice, but it is nonsense.” During that summer this fantastic question was discussed several times between Rostovtzeff and me.38 Following these discussions, back in the U.S.A., prof. Rostovtzeff addressed to dean George C. Sellery a letter, dated November 4, 1924, recommending Vasiliev for the Ancient History professor position, with a brief presentation: […] socially he is a very pleasant man, an excellent musician, a man with a wide knowledge both of Europe and the Near East (he spent some years in Constantinople). Besides he visited the U.S.A. [this piece of information is certainly inaccurate; he probably mistook prof. Vasiliev’s visit to South America for a voyage to the U.S.A. (sic!)] and Australia […]. 36 A. A. VASILIEV, Byzantine Studies in Russia, Past and Present, The American Historical Review 32 (1927) 543-544. 37 Ăîňű â Ęðűěó, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðîńńčéńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčč Čńňîðčč Ěŕňĺðčŕëüíîé Ęóëüňóðű I (1921) 247-344 (the second part of this article’s publication was delayed for lack of funds, until 1927; also, the last part of this ample research, addressing the 13th-18th centuries period, never published in Russian, was discovered by the scholar A. G. Herzen in the N. I. Repnikov collection, in the Archives of the Archaeology Institute, the Leningrad / Saint Petersburg branch: A. G. HERZEN, Î äâóő ðóęîďčń˙ő ńî÷číĺíč˙ Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ â ŕðőčâĺ ËÎČŔ ŔÍ ŃŃŃÐ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę 40 [1979] 191-192); Îďčńŕíčĺ âčçŕíňčéńęčő ăčðü č ýęńŕăčĺâ, őðŕí˙ůčőń˙ â Ŕęŕäĺěčč, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðîńńčéńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčč Čńňîðčč Ěŕňĺðčŕëüíîé Ęóëüňóðű II (1922) 237-240; Ďðîáëĺěŕ ńðĺäíĺâĺęîâîăî Ęðűěŕ, Íîâűé Âîńňîę III (1923) 378-386. 38 S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 9-10. 295 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie I think that Vassilieff might be very useful to the University of Wisconsin both as a year’s professor and as a permanent member of the staff. His knowledge of English is good and he will have no difficulties in making himself understood by the students.39 The favorable decision was made in late December 1924, and after Christmas the Russian Byzantinologist had already received a letter, covertly announcing him of an imminent invitation from University of Wisconsin. It was an absolute miracle that I could leave Russia again in May [1925]. On June 9 I arrived in Paris. On June 10 I had a cable from Fish [Carl Russell Fish, head of the Department of History of the above-mentioned University]. At four o’clock of the same day someone knocks of the door of my modest rooms, 13 rue de Beaune. I open the door, before me is Paxton [Frederic L. Paxton, professor of History at the same American University]. He enters and greets me as his colleague. Towards the end of August I arrived in New York, and after two weeks, spent delightfully with Rostovtzeff at Princeton, I came on September 15 to Madison. Of course it was the most wonderful story I have ever experienced in my life.40 During this academic year (1925-1926), his trial period with University of Wisconsin, prof. Vasiliev overcame the inherent language problems and became familiar with the rules of American academic education. He ran two courses: Ancient History (History 10) and The History of Byzantium and Arabs (History 135), as well as a seminar, throughout both semesters. Once acquainted with his new status and lifestyle, utterly different from that of the recent years’ Russia (1917-1925), the great Byzantinologist started seeking a vacant, stable academic position. Thus, in January 1926, he submitted his application for the department of Byzantine and Modern Greek History, Language and Literature within the famous King’s College (London University), previously held by Arnold Toynbee. He concurrently wrote to prof. Henri Grégoire, the dean of Université Egyptienne in Cairo. Finally, he also applied for a vacant position at Columbia University, New York. By February 1926, he had already been accepted by both Cairo and New York universities; however, because in early March the University of Wisconsin decided to offer him a tenured position, Vasiliev turned down the two offers, although both salaries would have been considerably higher. Thus, between 1926-1938, he continued his academic activity within the University of Wisconsin, one of the most prestigious American institutions. During these years, he interrupted his teaching there only twice: he exclusively dedicated the second semester of the academic year 19331934 to his scholarly research, while during the entire academic year 39 J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 246. 40 296 S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 10. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) 1935-1936, he taught as a visiting professor at Columbia University. His main courses were: Ancient History, Byzantine History, Hellenistic Civilization, and Life and Work in Ancient Rome. The number of students attending his courses varied from 200 to 350 students, with a drastic fall between 1932-1936. Starting with 1932, he also became entitled to an assistant for the Ancient History course, and his first choice was Peter Charanis, his closest disciple, among the few students who managed to complete their doctoral thesis under the supervision of Professor Alexander A. Vasiliev.41 His deep commitment to his didactic activity impressed the minds and hearts of those who appreciated him as their professor. Thus, besides becoming famous for never missing a course during all the years spent at Madison, Vasiliev also provided an example of personal involvement. Once, at the last class of Byzantine History course, one of his colleagues met him in the corridor, shortly after he had left the classroom. Noticing his distress, he asks him if he was fine, and professor Vasiliev sadly answered: Byzantium has fallen! The highlights of his scholarly activity undertaken during these years concern three great projects he had initiated in Russia: The History of the Byzantine Empire, published in both English and French, and revised by the author;42 Byzantium and the Arabs. The Amorium Dynasty, published in an extensive French edition;43 The Goths in the Crimea, a topic he had studied 41 The electronic database of University of Wisconsin (http://history.wisc.edu/ databases/db_asp/phd.asp, 29.05.2010) indicates only five students who obtained the title of Doctor of History under professor Vasiliev’s scientific supervision, and only two of them tackled Byzantine history issues. Chronologically, the five researchers are: John Schneider (The Scope and Content of and Some Reflections upon the Papyri for the Period of Diocletian as found in the Oxyrhynchus Collection – June 1931); Hazel Ramsay (The Scriptores Historiae Augustae: A Critical Study of the Reliability as a Source of the Vita Alexandri Severi – June 1933); Nels Bailkey (The Rise and Development of Individualism in Sumerian Civilization: A Contribution to the History of Education – May 1934); Peter Charanis (The Religious Policy of Anastasius I: Emperor of a Later Roman Empire, 491-518 – May 1935); Kostis Argoe (John Kyriotes Geometres: A Tenth Century Byzantine Writer – May 1938). 42 History of the Byzantine Empire, translated from the Russian by Mrs. S. Ragozin (= University of Wisconsin Studies in the Social Sciences and History, 1314), 2 vols., Madison 1928-1929, 457 + 502 p.; Histoire de l’Empire Byzantin, traduit du russe par P. Brodin et A. Bourguina, préface de M. Ch. Diehl, 2 vol., Paris 1932, 498 + 482 p. 43 Byzance et les Arabes, 1: La dynastie d’Amorium (820-867), édition française préparée par Henri Grégoire et Marius Canard, avec le concours de C. Nallino, E. Honigmann et Claude Backvis (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 1), Bruxelles 1935, XV + 451 p. The second volume of this series was published in 1950: Byzance et les Arabes, 2.2: La dynastie macédonienne (867959). Extraits des sources arabes, édition française préparée par Henri Grégoire et Marius Canard (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 2.2), Bruxelles 1950, X + 440 p., and the third one only after prof. Vasiliev’s death: Byzance 297 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie during his last years spent in Petrograd/Leningrad (Sankt-Petersburg), before coming to the U.S.A., partially published in Russian.44 We also mention his collaboration with the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, edited by Edwin R. A. Seligman and Alwin Johnson.45 The articles published during these years focused on the following issues: the history of Trebizond,46 the relationships between Kievan Russia and the Byzantine Empire,47 the journey to Italy of emperor John V Paleologos,48 the Spanish traveller Pero Tafur,49 the relationships of Emperor Justin I with Abissinia (North-West of Ethiopia),50 the description of the Byzantine capital by Harun-ibn-Yahya,51 the establishment of feudal principles in the Byzantine area,52 the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in the East,53 as well as a 4th century geography treatise.54 In recognition of his entire scholarly activity, he was elected as a member of the Academy of Sciences of Belgrade (in 1934), as well as the 298 et les Arabes, 2.1: Les relations politiques de Byzance et des Arabes à l’époque de la dynastie macédonienne: les empereurs Basile I, Léon le Sage et Constantin VII Porphyrogénète (867-959) (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 2.1), Bruxelles 1968, VIII + 471 p. 44 The Goths in the Crimea (= Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America, 11), Cambridge, MA 1936, X + 292 p. 45 In this encyclopaedia, he published the articles dedicated to the following personalities: Jacob Philip Fallmerayer, George Finlay, Karl Krumbacher, Fedor Ivanovich Uspensky, Vasily Grigorevich Vasilevsky, as well as the portraits of of the Byzantine emperors Theodosius I and Theodosius II. 46 Zur Geschichte von Trapezunt unter Justinian dem Grossen, Byzantinische Zeitschrift XXX (1929-1930) 381-386; Notes on the History of Trebizond in the Seventh Century, in: Åkò ìíÞìçí Óðõñßäùíïò ËÜìðñïõ, Athens 1935, 29-34; The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222), Speculum XI (1936) 3-37. 47 La Russie primitive et Byzance, in: L’art byzantin chez les Slaves, I. Les Balkans, (Premier recueil dédié à la mémoire de Théodore Uspenskij), première partie (= Orient et Byzance, études d’art médiévale publiées sous la direction de Gabriel Millet, IV), Paris 1930, 9-19; Economic Relations between Byzantium and Old Russia, Journal of Economic and Business History IV (1932) 314-334; Was Old Russia a Vassal State of Byzantium?, Speculum VII (1932) 350-360. 48 Il viaggio dell’imperatore bizantino Giovanni V Paleologo in Italia (1369-1371) e l’unione di Roma del 1369, Studi bizantini e neoellenici III (1931) 151-193. 49 Pero Tafur, a Spanish Traveller of the Fifteenth Century and his Visit to Constantinople, Trebizond, and Italy, Byzantion VII (1932) 75-122; A Note on Pero Tafur, Byzantion X (1935) 65-66. 50 Justin I (518-527) and Abyssinia, Byzantinische Zeitschrift XXXIII (1933) 67-77. 51 Harun-ibn-Yahya and his Description of Constantinople, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) V (1932) 149-163. 52 On the Question of Byzantine Feudalism, Byzantion VIII (1933) 584-604. 53 The Opening Stages of the Anglo-Saxon Immigration to Byzantium in the Eleventh Century, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) IX (1937) 39-70. 54 Exposition totius mundi. An Anonymous Geographic Treatise of the Fourth Century A.D., Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) VIII (1936) 1-39. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) Medieval Academy of America (in 1936). He also became chairman of N. P. Kondakov Institute of Prague (in 1936), which since 1927 had been issuing the periodical Annales de l’Institut Kondakov / Seminarium Kondakovianum. In 1938, he was awarded with the Doctor honoris causa degree by the University of Athens. This beautiful time in Madison was fulfilled by prof. Vasiliev’s fostering his other passion of a lifetime: music. The archives of University of Wisconsin hold the poster inviting the interested persons to attend a memorable evening, on May 19th, 1926: Professor A. A. Vasiliev of the History Department and Professor C.F. Gillen of the French Department will introduce to the public an original musical monologue still in manuscript form. The music is one of Professor Vasiliev’s own compositions and is played on the piano by him while Professor Gillen reads the words which are adapted from Turghenev’s „A Few Leaves from the Diary of a Dead Author”. The number is in eight short sections, and all together constitutes a colorful interpretation of Russia.55 This original performance also charged a low entrance fee (0.50 USD), and the amount collected was donated to the University. In 1934, this recital was resumed for the benefit of Student Loan Fund. The musical composition belonged again to prof. Vasiliev, and to Ivan Turghenev’s play was added the well-known poem by Lord Alfred Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott.56 Unfortunately, none of the musical compositions of the Russian Orientalist has reached us. Prof. Vasiliev also resumed his study trips during these years. Thus, he visited Mexico several times (1929 and 1930), as well as Alaska (1930). He travelled extensively throughout the U.S.A., from Florida (1926) to California. Three of his frequent returns to Europe are noteworthy: in 1931 he visited Italy, including his mentor’s tomb in Florence;57 in 1934 he attended the Fourth International Congress of Byzantine Studies, held at Sofia (Bulgaria);58 in the summer of 1938 he toured the Nor55 J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 256. 256. Also, two posters (one of them being dated: October 13) are available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 18). 56 Thorough details on prof. Vasiliev’s musical activity during his stay at Madison can be found in: J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 255-258, 273-275. 275. Also, other information is available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 19). 57 Beside the study trips undertaken to Ravenna and Venice, which held important Byzantine vestiges, the Russian Byzantinologist also paid his respects at the tomb of prof. V. G. Vasilievsky: I. P. MEDVEDEV, Honor sepulcri (ðŕçěűřëĺíč˙ Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ ó ěîăčëű Â. Ă. Âŕńčëüĺâńęîăî), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé âðĺěĺííčę 55 [80] (1994) 24-26. 58 On this occasion, prof. Vasiliev gave the lecture: Les trois fondateurs de la byzantinologie russe, which unfortunately was not published in the Congress Papers. Also, at the opening session on September 9 he spoke on behalf of the Russian scholars in the diaspora, and then on Septamber 15, he presided the closing ses- 299 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie thern part of Europe, visiting Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Latvia. The eight days he spent at Balaam Monastery, located on the main island of Lake Ladoga (until June 1940, within the territory of Finland) and the visit to the town of Tartu (former Yuryev/Dorpat), where he had taught between 1904-1912, certainly evoked many fond memories. He had apparently planned with his sister, with whom he kept in touch after he fled to the U.S.A., that she should come as close as possible to a certain point on the impenetrable boundary of bolshevik Russia, with him on the other side; it was the closest approach allowed by the political situation at that time. His relationships with his native Russia didn’t cease dramatically from the very beginning: in the summer of 1925, following University of Wisconsin’s official invitation for prof. Vasiliev as a visiting professor for the academic year 1925-1926, prof. Vasiliev requested State authorities to extend his authorization to work abroad. The answer was positive, which encouraged the Byzantinologist to request another extension for the following two academic years. Finally, July 1, 1928 was the deadline set by the bolshevik authorities for Vasiliev’s return to Leningrad (SanktPetersburg). As he failed to meet this deadline, he was considered a traitor, and his goods were confiscated, including his collection of books. Among a number of books he had ordered from Russia, Steven Runciman found several volumes that had belonged to the Russian Orientalist. Whereas the State authorities extended his delegation abroad until the summer of 1928, he found less sympathy with his colleagues of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where Vasiliev had been a correspondent member since 1919. Thus, at the meeting of June 2nd, 1925 he was excluded from Academy, and was rehabilitated post-mortem on March 22nd, 1990. Although he became an American citizen on February 16th, 1931, when he took the oath of allegiance before the authorities of Dane County (Wisconsin), prof. Vasiliev always remained faithful to his native country. In every meeting and reception he attended, his first words addressed to unknown persons were: My name is Vasiliev. Do you speak Russian?59 His constantly cheerful figure also hid the sadness shared by all Russian exiles. As a discreet expression of this feeling, every time he visited Paris, he would regularly go to a certain public park, always sitting on the same bench, in solitary meditation. His deepest friendships 300 sion of the Congress, alongside the German scholar Franz Dölger. For further details, see: Actes du IVe Congrès International des Études Byzantines, Sofia, Septembre 1934, publiés sous la rédaction de B. D. Filov (= Čçâĺńňč˙ íŕ Áúëăŕðńęč˙ Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęč Číńňčňóňú [Bulletin de l’Institut Archéologique Bulgare], IXX), Sofia 1935-1936. 59 M. V. ANASTOS, Alexander A. Vasiliev: A Personal Sketch, The Russian Review XIII (1954) 62-63. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) bound him to several fellow countrymen, as proven by the archives preserving prof. Vasiliev’s correspondence.60 Sergey Alexandrovich Zhebelev (1867-1941), a historian and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1927) and vice-president of the Academy of the History of Material Culture (between 1923-1928) was one of professor’s close friends, and they maintained a rich correspondence.61 Ignatiy Iulianovich Krachkovskiy (1883-1951), the founder of the Russian school of Arabic Studies, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1921), shared the passion for Oriental Studies with prof. Vasiliev.62 The two of them had already published, in 1924, the French translation of the first part of Yahya-ibn-Said’s History. Their collaboration was not hindered by the new traitor label given to prof. Vasiliev by the Russian authorities, and this friendship resulted in their publishing in 1932 the second part of this work of the Arab Christian historian of Antioch.63 60 In the U.S.A., three archives have interesting information on the biography of Alexander A. Vasiliev. Firstly, the University of Wisconsin (Division of Archives. College of Letters and Science. Department of History. General Correspondence) holds seven cases containing the letters received by the professor between 1925-1935 (A. A. Vasiliev collection, no. 7/16/16, Box 1-7). Secondly, Duke University (Special Collections Department. William R. Perkins Library) holds four folders, belonging to Rostovtzeff collection (Box 3, Folders 1-4). Thirdly, The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 1-5), apart of different notes, references, and drafting copies of his lectures, holds several personal letters in English, French, German, Italian, and Russian (the full description of Vasiliev's Papers in this archive is available at the following web address: http://www.doaks.org/library-archives/ dumbarton-oaks-archives/historical-papers/alexander-a.-vasiliev-papers, 07.06.2012). Also, at Moscow, the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences contain several of Vasiliev’s letters, in the collections of his most regular correspondents: Sergey Alexandrovich Zhebelev (ĎÔŔ ÐŔÍ, Ô. 729, Îď. 2, Ä. 18) and Ignatiy Iulianovich Krachkovskiy (ĎÔŔ ÐŔÍ, Ô. 1026, Îď. 3, Ä. 207). 61 See: I. V. KUKLINA, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ: «ňðóäű č äíč» ó÷ĺíîăî â ńâĺňĺ íĺčçäŕííîé ďĺðĺďčńęč, in: Ŕðőčâű ðóńńęčő âčçŕíňčíčńňîâ â Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðăĺ, ed. I. P. Medvedev, Saint Petersburg 1995, 313-338. 62 See the letter addressed to him on September 3, 1931, tackling Oriental Studies issues (Kebra Nagast, the famous work deemed to be divinely inspired by Ethiopian Christians): I. V. KUKLINA, Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ: «ňðóäű č äíč» ó÷ĺíîăî â ńâĺňĺ íĺčçäŕííîé ďĺðĺďčńęč, in: Ŕðőčâű ðóńńęčő âčçŕíňčíčńňîâ â ŃŕíęňĎĺňĺðáóðăĺ, ed. I. P. Medvedev, Saint Petersburg 1995, 337-338. 63 Histoire de Yahya-ibn-Sa‘ïd d’Antioche, continuateur de Sa‘ïd-ibn-Bitriq, éditée et traduite en français par I. Kratchkovsky et A. Vasiliev, coll. Patrologia Orientalis XXIII (1932) 347-520. The final part of this work, although prepared by Krachkovskiy and Vasiliev since November 1936, was published only in 1997: Histoire de Yahya-ibn-Sa‘ïd d’Antioche, édition critique du texte arab préparée par † Ignace Kratchkovsky et traduction française annotée par Françoise Micheau et Gérard Troupeau”, in: Patrologia Orientalis XLVII (1997) 371-599. As one can see, A. A. Vasiliev’s translation into French was given up, and from the old manuscript only I. Krachkovskiy’s critical edition was kept. 301 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie His deepest attachment, however, was certainly to prof. Mikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff (1870-1952),64 a close friend since they were students. They subsequently carried out together the first achaeological investigations during the period spent at the Russian Archaeological Institute of Constantinople, and then both became professors at the State University of Sankt-Petersburg/Petrograd. After leaving Russia in 1918, prof. Rostovtzeff taught at University of Wisconsin (until 1925), then at Yale University, when he also published two works that gained him wide recognition: The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (Oxford 1926) and The Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World (3 vol., Oxford 1941). The two Russian scholars had a very affectionate friendship, especially after prof. Vasiliev arrived in the U.S.A. Their correspondence testifies to this fact.65 Turning 70 years old in September 1937, prof. Vasiliev had to comply with the American education law and gave up teaching at University of Wisconsin, although his physical condition would have certainly allowed him to continue it. The words of the acknowledgement letter addressed to him by the Department of History, on May 31st, 1938, and signed by prof. Paul Knaplund go beyond the mere formalism of such allocutions: I therefore take this opportunity to extend to you, on behalf of the entire Department, our sincere thanks and appreciation of your very valuable and very loyal service to the Department and to the University during the past thirteen years. We have all felt that you have given us luster and real distinction. You have been the only one among us that could claim world fame as a teacher and as a scholar. I do not know whether we have, as often as we ought to, made you feel how deeply we valued you personally and how much we esteemed the work that you have done with us and for us, but I am anxious to leave this on record and to make that my last official act as Chairman.66 In his drafting papers for 64 302 For more details concerning the life and activity of this great Russian scholar of the diaspora, see: G. VERNADSKY, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ (ę řĺńňčäĺń˙ňčëĺňčţ ĺăî), Seminarium Kondakovianum (Recueil d’Études. Archéologie. Histoire de l’Art. Études byzantines) IV (1931) 239-252; M. A. WES, Michael Rostovtzeff, Historian in Exile: Russian Roots in an American Context (= Historia. Einzelschriften, 65), Stuttgart 1990; G. M. Bongard-Levin (ed.), Ńęčôńęčé ðîěŕí, Moscow 1997; A. Marcone (ed.), Rostovtzeff e l’Italia, Napoli – Perugia 1999; G. M. BONGARD-LEVIN, Čçăíŕíčĺ â âĺ÷íîńňü: âĺëčęčé ðóńńęčé čńňîðčę Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ â ŃŘŔ, Lewiston NY 1999; J. Andreau – W. Berelowitch (eds.), Michel Ivanovitch Rostovtzeff (= Pragmateiai, 14), Bari 2008. 65 All the letters received from Rostovtzeff between 1925-1935 were carefully kept by prof. Vasiliev, and have been published: G. M. BONGARD-LEVIN – I.V. TUNKINA, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ č Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ: Řĺńňü äĺń˙ňčëĺňčé äðóćáű č ňâîð÷ĺńęîăî ńîňðóäíč÷ĺńňâŕ, in: Ńęčôńęčé ðîěŕí, ed. G. Ě. Bongard-Levin, Moscow 1997, 259-286 (especially pp. 262-274). Also, this correspondence had been partially published by the same scholars: G. M. BONGARD-LEVIN – I. V. TUNKINA, Ě. Č. Ðîńňîâöĺâ č Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ (íîâűĺ ŕðőčâíűĺ ěŕňĺðčŕëű), Âĺńňíčę Äðĺâíĺé Čńňîðčč (Journal of Ancient History) 4 [219] (1996) 168-188 (especially pp. 176-188). 66 J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 262-263. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) an autobiography, he described the teaching period (1925-1940) in very few words and a shadow of regret is more than evident: I came to the U.S. too old; no calls to other Universities; only rumors; no increase in salary; two cuts; no honorary degrees in Am[erican] Universities.67 As Professor Emeritus of University of Wisconsin, after 1938, Alexander A. Vasiliev decided to remain in Madison. In May 1939 he was invited to deliver a series of six lectures at Collège de France in Paris, dedicated to the relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Kievan Rus.68 In 1942, he was invited as a Haskell lecturer to Oberlin College (Ohio),69 and in October 1944 he left his adoptive American town for Washington DC: he had received the tempting offer to come as a Senior Scholar to the Center for Byzantine Studies of Dumbarton Oaks, and establish a permanent residence there. Subsequently, starting with 1949, he became a Scholar Emeritus within the same institution, affiliated to Harvard University. Thanks to the access to a library as exceptional as that of Dumbarton Oaks, and to the longer time exclusively dedicated to research, the scholarly achievements of prof. Vasiliev during his last years of life (19381953) were remarkable. In this period, he published two highly appreciated monographs: the former dedicated to the 9th century relationships between Kievan Russians and the Byzantines, focusing on the Russians’ attack on the God-preserved city,70 and the other one dealing with the personality of Emperor Justin I (518-527).71 In 1952, this latter volume was awarded with the Haskins Medal by the Medieval Academy of America. The members of the committee that evaluated the work and proposed the award, stated in their report: He [Vasiliev] began his work before most members of the Academy were born; he has crowned it with his magnificent study of Justin the First. The wealth of material, the breadth of interest, the impressive bibliographies make this book almost an encyclopedia of Byzantine history in the early sixth century.72 67 See the full draft copy in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 18). 68 The original drafts copies of all these lectures are available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 12). 69 The titles of the six lectures delivered by prof. Vasiliev on this occasion were the following: The Formation of the Byzantine Ecclesiastical Position in the Fourth Century; The Byzantine Ecclesiastical Position in the Fifth Century; Justinian the Great and His Attempted Synthesis; Iconoclastic Movement and Its Results; The Schism between East and West in the Ninth Century and Patriarch Photius; and Byzantium and Islam. The draft copies of all these lectures are available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 15). 70 The Russian Attack on Constantinople in 860 (= Publications of the Mediaeval Academy of America, 46), Cambridge MA 1946, XII + 245 p. 71 Justin the First: An Introduction to the Epoch of Justinian the Great (= Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 1), Cambridge, MA 1950, VIII + 439 p. 72 S. der NERSESSIAN – A. M. FRIEND Jr. – G. LAPIANA, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev, Speculum 29 (1954) 651. 303 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie The following research project to which he dedicated an important period of these last years was his revising and updating the first English edition of the History of the Byzantine Empire. With unconditional financial support from University of Wisconsin, as well as the help of his close disciple, Peter Charanis, this revising started in the summer of 1945, in Madison. Due to the delays caused by the difficulty of bibliographical updating for so much information, the work was published in its final form only in 1952.73 We also mention, as proof of the incontestable value and the appreciation commanded by the previous editions of this work, the publication of its translations into Turkish and Spanish.74 The topics approached in the articles published between 1938-1953 reveal, on the one hand, his further interest in the issues tackled previously, and on the other hand, in few original matters. Thus, although hagiography appear to have been the most attractive ones of these years,75 prof. Vasiliev also approached certain aspects of the activity of emperors Justinian I,76 Justinian II77 and Michael III,78 resumed the issue of the Empire of Trebizond79 and the Russian attacks on the Byzantine capital,80 and also tackled original topics such as: the Eschaton according to medieval authors81 and the examination of imperial sarcophagi and the monuments in the spina of the Hippodrome of Constantinople.82 73 304 History of the Byzantine Empire (324-1453), 2nd English edition, Madison 1952, XI + 846 p. Starting with 1958, this edition was reprinted in two volumes, preserving the original page numbering. 74 Bizans Imperatorlug ¢ u Tarihi, çeviren: Arif Müfid Mansel, vol. I, Ankara 1943, VIII + 540 p. [translation into Turkish of the French edition; for unknown reasons, the second volume was not translated]; Historia del Imperio Bizantino, traducción de la edición francesa por Juan G. de Luaces, revisada y anotada por Juan Ramón Masoliver, 2 vols, Barcelona 1946, 462 + 423 p. 75 The Life of St. Theodore of Edessa, Byzantion XVI (1942-1943) 165-225; Life of David of Thessalonica, Traditio IV (1946) 115-147; The Life of St. Peter of Argos and its Historical Significance, Traditio V (1947) 163-191. 76 Justinian’s Digest. In Commemoration of the 1400th Anniversary of the Publication of the Digest (A.D. 533-1933), Studi bizantini e neoellenici (= Atti del V Congresso Internazionale di Studi Bizantini, Roma, 20-26 settembre 1936, I. Storia – Filologia – Diritto) V (1939) 711-734. 77 An Edict of the Emperor Justinian II, September 688, Speculum XVIII (1943) 113; L’entrée triomphale de l’empereur Justinian II à Thessalonique en 688, Orientalia Christiana Periodica XIII (1947) 355-368. 78 The Emperor Michael III in Apocryphal Literature, Byzantina-Metabyzantina I (1946) 237-248. 79 The Empire of Trebizond in History and Literature, Byzantion XV (1940-1941) 316-377. 80 The Second Russian Attack on Constantinople, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 6 (1951) 161-225. 81 Mediaeval Ideas of the End of the World: West and East, Byzantion XVI (19421943) 462-502. 82 Imperial Porphyry Sarcophagi in Constantinople, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 4 (1948) 1-26; The Monument of Porphyrius in the Hippodrome at Constantinople, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 4 (1948) 27-49. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) However, during his last years of life, he had also pursued another major editorial project, concerning his preferred topic: the ByzantineArab relationships. Thus, in 1948, in the report submitted to the scientific committee of Dumbarton Oaks, prof. Vasiliev avowed his intentions: Now I am working on the subject of Byzantium and the Arabs under Muhammed and his four immediate successors, the so-called Orthodox Caliphs (622-661). I am still in the process of preparatory work, being glad to have overcome the twelve bulky volumes, almost in folio, of Caetani’s Annali dell’Islam, without which it is absolutely impossible to start work on this particular question. My work goes, and will go, for a certain time, slowly, because the sources for this period, particularly the Arabic evidence, are so confused and so contradictory that one or another result may be reached only after attentive, scrupulous, and accurate research. But I must admit that I am deeply interested in this work which takes me back to the days of my youth, when I published the two volumes in Russian, Byzantium and the Arabs in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries, which have now appeared in a French revised edition.83 In 1951, the report of prof. Vasiliev presented to the other scholars of Dumbarton Oaks reveals the progress of his work: I have come to the conclusion that in my forthcoming work, not only the introductory chapter on the sources and the exposition of certain complicated problems connected with the history of primitive Islam will be necessary, but, for a better understanding of the astounding epoch of the Arab conquests in the seventh century, a special part entitled, The Arabs in Syria [including Palestine] and in the Syrian desert before Islam, must also be undertaken. The more I delve into this period, the more I realize how important and how vital this pre-Islamic era is for the elucidation of the epoch of the amazing Arab advance which, in its turn, is of extreme importance for the history of Byzantium.84 Unfortunately, the Russian Byzantinologist never fulfilled this plan; however, two articles that were published posthumously reveal his direct interest in the respective issue, as well as the progress of his research.85 83 S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 7. 84 S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 7-8. All the scientific reports for the period in Washington DC (1945-1952) are available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 14). 85 The Iconoclastic Edict of the Caliph Yazid II, A.D. 721, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 23-47; Notes on some Episodes concerning the Relations between the Arabs and the Byzantine Empire from the Fourth to the Sixth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 306-316. Subsequently, Alexander A. Vasiliev’s project for the pre-Islamic period was carried out by the valuable works of Irfan SHAHÎD: Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century, Washington DC 1984; Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century, Washington DC 1989; Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, I. 1 (Political and Military History), I. 2 (Ecclesiastical History), II. 1 (Toponymy, Monuments, Historical Geography, and Studies), II. 2 (Economic, Social, and Cultural History), Washington, DC 1995-2009. On the same topic, see: I. 305 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie Most likely, between 1947-1951, prof. Vasiliev completed a publishable work, still held in manuscript by The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.86 As a Senior Scholar, then Scholar Emeritus within this well-known Center for Byzantine Studies, prof. Vasiliev took part in the annual symposia organized at Dumbarton Oaks, alongside the most reputable scholars of the times: Ernst Kitzinger, George LaPiana, Francis Dvornik, Otto Demus, Andrè Grabar, Robert P. Blake, Albert M. Friend Jr., Sirarpie der Nersessian.87 In 1946, he was directly involved in the organization of the first Byzantino-Slavo-Oriental congress at New York (until then, all 306 SHAHÎD, Byzantium and the Arabs: Late Antiquity (= Bibliothèque de Byzantion 79), 3 vols, Bruxelles 2005-2006. A number of extremely interesting articles regarding the Byzantine-Arab relationships can be found in the volumes of M. CANARD: Byzance et les musulmans du Proche Orient, Préface de Claude Cahen, London 1973; Miscellanea Orientalia, Préface de Charles Pellat, London 1973; L’expansion arabo-islamique et ses répercurssions, London 1974. See also: Walter E. KAEGI, Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests, Cambridge – New York 1992; Av. Cameron – L. I. Conrad (eds.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, I (Problems in the Literary Source Material. Papers of the First Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam) (= Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, 1), Princeton 1992; G. R. D. King – Av. Cameron (eds.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, II (Land Use and Settlement Patterns. Papers of the Second Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam) (= Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, 1), Princeton 1994; Av. Cameron (ed.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, III (States, Resources and Armies. Papers of the Third Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam) (= Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, 1), Princeton 1995; J. Haldon – L. I. Conard (eds.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, VI (Elites Old and New in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East. Papers of the Sixth Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam) (= Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, 1), Princeton 2004. 86 This document is entitled: Prester John: Legend and History, [s.l. s.a.], VII + 262 f. The handwritten manuscript is available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 5, Folder 5). In April 1952, in his academic report for the previous year, he wrote: The manuscript of my monograph Prester John is in the hands of the H. U. P., but what the decision of the Press will be I do not know. A few months later, in January 1953 prof. Vasiliev express his regret that the Harvard University Press was not interested to published this work: I close my report by pointing out a rather discouraging fact that the H. U. P. has decided not to have my manuscript P[rester] J[ohn] published as it is not suited to the particular needs of the present publishing plans of the Press (cf. Dumbarton Oaks Archive, Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 14). An excerpt of the work was selected, processed and edited by W. F. Ryan: A. A. VASILIEV, Prester John and Russia (edited by W. F. Ryan), in: Prester John, the Mongols and the Ten Lost Tribes, eds. Ch. F. Beckingham & B. Hamilton, Aldershot – Brookfield 1996, 187-196. 87 At the 1946 Symposium, he presented the papers: Hagia Sophia in History and Hagia Sophia in Legend, at the 1947 Symposium: The Contribution made by the Russians and Slavs to Byzantine Scholarship, and in 1949 he presented a part of his project, dedicated to the Byzantine-Arab relationships: Byzantium and the Arabs under Muhammed and his Immediate Successors, 622-661. The Cause of the Arab Military Successes. The typescript and manuscript copies of this last paper are available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 10). Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) Speakers of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Symposium, 1949 © Dumbarton Oaks Image Colections and Fieldwork Archives (BYZ SYMP 1949) Back row (standing) from left to right: E. Kitzinger, G. La Piana, A. M. Friend Jr., F. Dvornik, O. Demus; front row (first two seated, second two standing): A. Grabar, R. P. Blake, S. Der Nersessian, A. A. Vasiliev scholars analyzed separately the relationships between Byzantines and Slavs, respectively Byzantines and the Orient).88 During this last period of his life, he maintained his fondness for music. Every Saturday evening of the season, the common room in the Fellows Building of Dumbarton Oaks was reserved for New York’s Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts. Moreover, the founders of the Research Center of Dumbarton Oaks, Mildred and Robert Wood Bliss, themselves very keen on classical music, initiated in 1946 a series of chamber music concerts entitled Friends of Music at Dumbarton Oaks, in a specially designed room (the Music Room). Certainly, prof. Vasiliev missed no occasion to enjoy these music soirées. 88 The Opening Address to the First Congress of Byzantino-Slavo-Oriental Studies (New York, April 1946), Byzantion XVIII (1946-1948) 217-221. 307 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie Although he had reached his 80’s, he would not give up the joys of travelling. In a few letters addressed to his friend I. Krachkovskiy, between 1941-1945,89 he told the latter about his experiences in visiting Alaska, Mexico, Cuba, Honduras and Guatemala. One of the significant moments of his travels is his yearly, early-spring cruise down the Mississippi river, between St. Louis and New Orleans. It was prof. Vasiliev who opened first night’s party, dancing with the captain’s mother. Although he had never been married, he always elegantly stressed that he had never been a misogynist. The highlight of his last months of life was his taking part in the 9th International Congress of Byzantine Studies (Thessaloniki, April 12-25, 1953).90 The official opening session was described by prof. Vasiliev in the following terms: From my seat, at a distance, before the beginning of the séance I had already seen Grégoire, but he did not know that I was in the audience. His turn to speak (Belgique) was before mine (Etats Unis). To my great surprise, in his allocution, after the official address to His Majesty, etc., Grégoire almost at once mentioned my name in the form of Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev, followed with lots of eulogy. It was a very embarrassing moment for me, because everyone started to look at me. I made my allocution in English; and I think this was wrong, because most of my Greek colleagues, whom I so warmly complimented in my short speech, understood French and particularly German, but not English, so that my compliments and best wishes were not understood.91 When I descended from the rostrum to reach my seat, Grégoire rushed from his seat towards me and, in the presence of His Majesty and all the audience, kissed me. Tremendous applause! I do not know how it happened that some of the other speakers, following probably Grégoire’s example, mentioned, also eulogistically, my name. The séance ended with the allocution of the General Secretary Zepos. 89 308 All the replies from J. Krachkovskiy are preserved in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasilev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 3, Folder 16). 90 H. GRÉGOIRE, Notes et Informations. Le IXe Congrès des Études Byzantines, Thessalonique, 12-25 avril 1953, Byzantion XXII (1952) 405-436; V. GRUMEL, Le IXe Congrès International des Études Byzantines (Thessalonique, 12-25 avril 1953), Revue des Études Byzantines XII (1954) 214-217; St. Kyriakides – A. Xyngopoulos – P. Zepos (eds.), ÐåðñáãìÝíá ôï™ ÈA Äéåèíï™ò Âõæáíôéíïëïãéêï™ Óõíåäñßïõ (Èåóóáëïíßêç, 12-19 FÁðñéëßïõ 1953), Ôüìïò ÁA (FÏñãÜíùóéò, Ðñüãñáììá êár ÐñáêôéêN ôï™ Óõíåäñßïõ. FÁíáêïéíþóåéò: ÁA FÁñ÷áéïëïãßá), Ôüìïò ÂA (EÁíáêïéíþóåéò: ÂA Äßêáéïí, ÃA Èåïëïãßá, ÄA FÉóôïñßá), Ôüìïò ÃA (EÁíáêïéíþóåéò: ÅA Ëáïãñáößá, 2A Öéëïëïãßá ÂõæáíôéíÞ, ÆA Öéëïëïãßá ÌåôáâõæáíôéíÞ), (= EÅêäüóåéò FÅôáéñåßáò Ìáêåäïíéê§í Óðïõä§í, Ðåñéïäéê§í FÅëëçíéêÜ, ÐáñÜñôçìá EÁñéè. 7 êáß 9), Athens 1955-1958. 91 The addresses delivered by Henri Grégoire and Alexander Vasiliev at the opening session of the Congress can be found in: St. Kyriakides – A. Xyngopoulos – P. Zepos (eds.), ÐåðñáãìÝíá ôï™ ÈA Äéåèíï™ò Âõæáíôéíïëïãéêï™ Óõíåäñßïõ (Èåóóáëïíßêç, 12-19 EÁðñéëßïõ 1953), Ôüìïò ÁA (EÏñãÜíùóéò, Ðñüãñáììá êár ÐñáêôéêN ôï™ Óõíåäñßïõ. EÁíáêïéíþóåéò: ÁA EÁñ÷áéïëïãßá), (= EÅêäüóåéò FÅôáéñåßáò Ìáêåäïíéê§í Óðïõä§í, Ðåñéïäéê§í FÅëëçíéêÜ, ÐáñÜñôçìá EÁñéè. 7), Athens 1955, 64-65, 69. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) The King departed. After the end of this séance Professor Zakythinos told me in French, C’est l’apothéose de Vasiliev!92 Vasiliev was totally involved in the Congress proceedings: on April 13th, he delivered the paper entitled: Alexandre le Grand, Byzance et l’Islam,93 he participated in an interesting debate on Èáýìáôá ôï™ Á F ãßïõ Äçìçôñßïõ (Miracula Sancti Demetrii) alongside G. Sotiriou, St. Kyriakidis, P. Lemerle, F. BariöiË and H. Grégoire, he delivered a speech during the closing session and joined the study trips at the end of the Congress.94 On this occasion, on April 21st, 1953, in Kastoria, he and his friend, Henri Grégoire, received honorary citizenship of the „town of 62 churches”. On April 23rd, he flew to Istanbul, where he only spent a few days, then travelled to Paris. It was there, apparently, that he suffered a mild heart attack, which affected his good health. Except for a cataract surgery undertaken towards the end of his life, he had had no other health problems, and he used to joke that he did not know what a headache was. He hurried home, to Dumbarton Oaks (May 25th, 1953), although according to the original plan, he should have remained longer with his New York friends.95 Moreover, he even joined a festive lunch, presided by Mrs. Bliss, where as usual he was the center of attention (May 26th, 1953). A little later, on the night of May 29-30, 1953, the sad anniversary of 500 years since the fall of Constantinople, prof. Vasiliev passed away. Among the closest friends he had during the years spent in Washington DC was the family of prof. Robert Van Valzah, a former colleague at the University of Wisconsin. Although prof. Van Valzah had 92 S. der NERSESSIAN, Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 11. On the unanimous recognition enjoyed by prof. Vasiliev among Byzantinologists, we complete this telling excerpt by mentioning that even during his lifetime, he was dedicated two annual volumes of well-known periodicals: Seminarium Kondakovianum (X [1938]) and Byzantion (XVII [1944-1945]). 93 Unfortunately, this last article of magister Vasiliev was only included among the Congress Papers as a summary: St. Kyriakides – A. Xyngopoulos – P. Zepos (eds.), ÐåðñáãìÝíá ôï™ ÈA Äéåèíï™ò Âõæáíôéíïëïãéêï™ Óõíåäñßïõ (Èåóóáëïíßêç, 1219 EÁðñéëßïõ 1953), Ôüìïò ÂA (EÁíáêïéíþóåéò: ÂA Äßêáéïí, ÃA Èåïëïãßá, ÄA FÉóôïñßá), (= EÅêäüóåéò FÅôáéñåßáò Ìáêåäïíéê§í Óðïõä§í, Ðåñéïäéê§í FÅëëçíéêÜ, ÐáñÜñôçìá EÁñéè. 9), Athens 1956, 630. This lengthy paper, both in original French and English translation, is available in Dumbarton Oaks Archives (Vasiliev, Alexander A., Papers, Box 2, Folder 8). 94 Between April 20-22, on a first trip, the following places were visited: Veroia (Veria), Kozani, Kastoria, Florina and Edessa (Vodena). Then, between April 2325, a second study trip was undertaken on Mount Athos (monasteries of Dohiariou, Dionisiou and Vatopediou), Thasos, Kavala, Philippi and Serres. 95 During the last years of his life, prof. Vasiliev had befriended a refined New York banker, starting from their correspondence about the Byzantine banquets with caviar and mushrooms. Whenever he visited New York, they would engage in discussions on culinary art, obviously accompanied by lavish meals. 309 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie died in 1946, A. A. Vasiliev kept in touch with his wife, Aglae, whom he called grandmother, although she was 20 years younger. It was Aglae Van Valzah who supervised his funeral service, which was performed according to the Orthodox rite in the Russian chapel within Washington Cathedral. He was buried in the Van Valzah family vault, in the City Cemetery of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Apart from his own researches Professor Vasiliev will be remembered for his personal qualities. He was a beloved teacher, abounding in good humor and a love of life. His passion for music approached his passion for scholarly inquiry, and his passion for living seemed to exceed both.96 Modest, unassuming, invariably cheerful and optimistic, Vasiliev was a man without rancor or ill will. He was one of those rare characters who meet with instantaneous admiration and affection. It is inconceivable that anyone could have disliked him. The universe has known few such men, and is not likely soon to produce another.97 Professor Vasiliev never married and he left no near relatives, but he is mourned by a host of devoted students, friends, and admirers in many lands.98 The complete list of A. A. Vasiliev’s scientific publications99 Monographs: 1. Âčçŕíňč˙ č ŕðŕáű. Ďîëčňč÷ĺńęčĺ îňíîřĺíč˙ Âčçŕíňčč č ŕðŕáîâ çŕ âðĺě˙ Ŕěîðčéńęîé äčíŕńňčč (ěŕăčńňĺðńęŕ˙ äčńńĺðňŕöč˙), Çŕďčńęč čńňîð.ôčëîëîă. Ôŕęóëüňĺňŕ, ŃĎá Óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ, ÷ŕńňü LVI, Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðă: Ňčďîăðŕôč˙ Č. Í. Ńęîðîőîäîâŕ 1900, XII + 210 + 183 ńňð. 2. Âčçŕíňč˙ č ŕðŕáű. Ďîëčňč÷ĺńęčĺ îňíîřĺíč˙ Âčçŕíňčč č ŕðŕáîâ çŕ âðĺě˙ Ěŕęĺäîíńęîé äčíŕńňčč, 867-959 (äîęňîðńęŕ˙ äčńńĺðňŕöč˙), Çŕďčńęč čńňîð.-ôčëîëîă. Ôŕęóëüňĺňŕ ŃĎá Óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ, ÷ŕńňü LXVI, Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðă: Ňčďîăðŕôč˙ Č. Í. Ńęîðîőîäîâŕ 1902, XII + 320 + 220 ńňð. 3. Ŕðŕáńęŕ˙ âĺðńč˙ ćčňč˙ ńâ. Čîŕííŕ Äŕěŕńęčíŕ, Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðă: Ňčďîăðŕôč˙ Ě. Ěĺðęóăřĺâŕ 1913, 22 ńňð. 310 96 Excerpt from the editorial (A Russian Scholar) published in the newspaper New York Times, on June 3, 1953 (p. 30). 97 The final paragraph of the article dedicated to the memory of professor Vasiliev, written by one of his closest friends of Dumbarton Oaks, M. V. ANASTOS: Alexander A. Vasiliev: A Personal Sketch, The Russian Review XIII (1954) 63. 98 Excerpt from the official document issued by University of Wisconsin, on October 5, 1953: J. W. BARKER, Vasiliev in Madison, Byzantinische Forschungen XXVII (2002) 262. 99 For this bibliographical list I have started from the following sources: G. A. STARYTSKYI, Ńďčńîę ňðóäîâ Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) X (1938) 12-17; P. W. TOPPING (in consultation with Prof. Vasiliev), The Writings of A. A. Vasiliev, Byzantion XVII (1944-1945) 439-446; S. der NERSESSIAN (with the assistance of Mr. G. SOULIS), Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) 4. Ęóðń čńňîðčč Ńðĺäíčő Âĺęîâ. Ńðĺäíĺâĺęîâŕ˙ ęóëüňóðŕ, Ěîńęâŕ: Čçä. Ńűňčíŕ 1915, 208 ńňð. 5. Ó÷ĺáíčę čńňîðčč Ńðĺäíčő Âĺęîâ, Ěîńęâŕ: Čçä. Ńűňčíŕ, 1915, 223 ńňð. 6. Ëĺęöčč ďî čńňîðčč Âčçŕíňčč, I. Âðĺě˙ äî ýďîőč Ęðĺńňîâűő Ďîőîäîâ (äî 1081 ăîäŕ), Ďĺňðîăðŕä: Ňčďîăðŕôč˙ Ŕ. Áŕřěŕęîâŕ č ęî. 1917, VIII + 355 ńňð. 7. Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč. Âčçŕíňč˙ č Ęðĺńňîíîńöű. Ýďîőŕ Ęîěíčíîâ (10811185) č Ŕíăĺëîâ (1185-1204), Ďĺňĺðáóðă: «Academia» 1923, 120 ńňð. 8. Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč. Ëŕňčíńęîĺ âëŕäű÷ĺńňâî íŕ Âîńňîęĺ. Ýďîőŕ Íčęĺéńęîé č Ëŕňčíńęîé čěďĺðčé (1204-1261), Ďĺňðîăðŕä: «Academia» 1923, 76 ńňð. 9. Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč. Ďŕäĺíčĺ Âčçŕíňčč. Ýďîőŕ Ďŕëĺîëîăîâ (1261-1453), Ëĺíčíăðŕä: «Academia» 1925, 143 ńňð. 10. History of the Byzantine Empire, translated from the Russian by Mrs. S. Ragozin (= University of Wisconsin Studies in the Social Sciences and History, no. 13-14), 2 vols., Madison 1928-1929, 457 + 502 p. 11. Histoire de l’Empire Byzantin, traduit du russe par P. Brodin et A. Bourguina, préface de M. Ch. Diehl, 2 vol., Paris: A. Picard 1932, 498 + 482 p. 12. Byzance et les Arabes, 1: La dynastie d’Amorium (820-867), édition française préparée par Henri Grégoire et Marius Canard, avec le concours de C. Nallino, E. Honigmann et Claude Backvis (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 1), Bruxelles: Éditions de l’Institut de Philologie et d’Histoire Orientales 1935, XV + 451 p. 13. The Goths in the Crimea (= Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America, no. 11), Cambridge, Mass.: The Mediaeval Academy of America 1936, X + 292 p. 14. Bizans Imperatorlug¢ u Tarihi, çeviren: Arif Müfid Mansel, vol. I, Ankara: Maarif Matbaasi 1943, VIII + 540 s. [Turkish translation of the French edition]. 15. Historia del Imperio Bizantino, traducción de la edición francesa por Juan G. de Luaces, revisada y anotada por Juan Ramón Masoliver, 2 vols, Barcelona: Iberia-Joaquin Gil 1946, 462 + 423 p. 16. The Russian Attack on Constantinople in 860 (= Publications of the Mediaeval Academy of America, no. 46), Cambridge, Mass.: The Mediaeval Academy of America 1946, XII + 245 p. 17. Ç läñõóç ôyò Ášôïêñáôïñßáò ôyò Ôñáðåæï™íôáò 1204–1222 (= ÐïíôéáêÜ, 1), ÁèÞíá 1947, 71 p. [Greek translation by I. T. Pampoukis of the A. A. Vasiliev’s article initially published in English: The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222), Speculum XI (1936) 3-37]. 18. Justin the First: An Introduction to the Epoch of Justinian the Great (= Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 1), Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 1950, VIII + 439 p. 19. Byzance et les Arabes, 2.2: La dynastie macédonienne (867-959). Extraits des sources arabes, édition française préparée par Henri Grégoire et Marius Canard (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 2.2), Bruxelles: Éditions de l’Institut de Philologie et d’Histoire Orientales et Slaves 1950, X + 440 p. 13-21; A. G. GRUSHEVOY, Ńďčńîę ňðóäîâ Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâŕ, in: A. A. Vasiliev, Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęîé Čěďĺðčč (324-1453), Âńňóďčňĺëüíŕ˙ ńňŕňü˙, ďðčěĺ÷ŕíč˙, íŕó÷íŕ˙ ðĺäŕęöč˙, ďĺðĺâîä ń ŕíăëčéńęîăî ˙çűęŕ č čěĺííîé óęŕçŕňĺëü Ŕ. Ă. Ăðóřĺâîăî, čçäŕíčĺ âňîðîĺ, čńďðŕâëĺííîĺ (= Ńĺðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęŕ˙ Áčáëčîňĺęŕ), ňîě 1, Saint Petersburg 2000, 18-28. 311 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie 20. History of the Byzantine Empire (324-1453), 2nd English edition, Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press 1952, XI + 846 p. [Starting with 1958, this edition was reprinted in two volumes, preserving the original page numbering]. 21. FÉóôïñßá ôçò Âõæáíôéíyò Ášôïêñáôïñßáò (324–1453), ìôö. ÄçìïóèÝíçò ÓáâñÜìçò, 2ô., ÁèÞíá: EÅêäüóåéò ÌðåñãáäÞò 1954. [Greek translation of the Second English Edition (Madison 1952); also, it was republished few decades later (ôüìïò ÁA, s.l.: Åêäïôéêüò Ïñãáíéóìüò ÐÜðõñïò 1995, 471 p.; ôüìïò ÂA, s.l.: Åêäïôéêüò Ïñãáíéóìüò ÐÜðõñïò 1995, 473 p.)]. 22. Byzance et les Arabes, 2.1: Les relations politiques de Byzance et des Arabes à l’époque de la dynastie macédonienne: les empereurs Basile I, Léon le Sage et Constantin VII Porphyrogénète (867-959) (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 2.1), Bruxelles: Fondation Byzantine 1968, VIII + 471 p.100 23. Čńňîðč˙ Ńðĺäíčő Âĺęîâ, Ěîńęâŕ: Čçä. «Ðĺńďóáëčęŕ» 1994, c. 243-459 [this work was republished in a single volume with: Ð. Ţ. Âčďďĺð, Čńňîðč˙ äðĺâíĺăî ěčðŕ, c. 7-242]. 24. Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęîé Čěďĺðčč (324-1453), Âńňóďčňĺëüíŕ˙ ńňŕňü˙, ďðčěĺ÷ŕíč˙, íŕó÷íŕ˙ ðĺäŕęöč˙, ďĺðĺâîä ń ŕíăëčéńęîăî ˙çűęŕ č čěĺííîé óęŕçŕňĺëü Ŕ. Ă. Ăðóřĺâîăî (= Ńĺðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęŕ˙ Áčáëčîňĺęŕ), 2 ňîěŕ, Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðă: Čçä. «Ŕëĺňĺéŕ» 1998. 25. Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęîé Čěďĺðčč (324-1453), Âńňóďčňĺëüíŕ˙ ńňŕňü˙, ďðčěĺ÷ŕíč˙, íŕó÷íŕ˙ ðĺäŕęöč˙, ďĺðĺâîä ń ŕíăëčéńęîăî ˙çűęŕ č čěĺííîé óęŕçŕňĺëü Ŕ. Ă. Ăðóřĺâîăî, čçäŕíčĺ âňîðîĺ, čńďðŕâëĺííîĺ (= Ńĺðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęŕ˙ Áčáëčîňĺęŕ), 2 ňîěŕ, Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðă: Čçä. «Ŕëĺňĺéŕ» 2000. 26. Istoria Imperiului Bizantin, Traducere ∫i note de Ionu˛-Alexandru Tudorie, Vasile-Adrian Carab„¢ , Sebastian-Lauren˛iu Naz‚ru, Studiu introductiv de Ionu˛-Alexandru Tudorie, Ia∫i: Ed. Polirom 2010, 800 p. [updated Romanian translation of the Second English Edition]. Beside these works, The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection (Washington DC), where A. A. Vasiliev spent his last years of life (1944-1953), holds a typewritten work, yet unpublished, authored by the great scholar: Prester John: Legend and History, [s.l. s.a.], VII + 262 f. It dates, most likely, from the period 1947-1953. It is publishable in its current form, however it necessitates slight revising. An excerpt from this work was already published by W F. Ryan in 1996 (see below, section Articles, no. 67). Critical editions: 1. Kitab al-‘Unvan, Histoire universelle, écrite par Agapius (Mahboub) de Menbidj, éditée et traduite en français par Alexandre Vasiliev, coll. Patrologia Orientalis V (1910) 4, 559-692; VII (1911) 4, 457-591; VIII (1912) 3, 399550; XI (1916) 1, 1-144. 2. Histoire de Yahya-ibn-Sa‘ ïd d’Antioche, continuateur de Sa‘ ïd-ibn-Bitriq, éditée et traduite en français par I. Kratchkovsky et A. Vasiliev, coll. Patrologia Orientalis XVIII (1924) 5, 701-833; XXIII (1932) 3, 347-520.101 312 100 Although A. A. Vasiliev’s name appears on the front page of the last (the third one) volume of this series, published in 1935, the Russian scholar did not have an actual contribution, but the exclusive author is E. HONIGMANN, Byzance et les Arabes, 3. Die Ostgrenze des byzantinischen Reiches von 363 bis 1071 nach griechischen, arabischen, syrischen und armenischen Quellen (= Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae, 3), Bruxelles 1935, 269 p. 101 An article of G. VERNADSKY [Ŕ. Ŕ. Âŕńčëüĺâ (ę ńĺěčäĺń˙ňčëĺňčţ ĺăî), (ðîäčëń˙ 22 ńĺíň˙áð˙ 1867 ăîäŕ), Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) Articles: 1. Âîďðîń î ńëŕâ˙íńęîě ďðîčńőîćäĺíčč Ţńňčíčŕíŕ (Bryce, Life of Justinian by Theophilus), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę I (1894) 469-492. 2. Î ăðĺ÷ĺńęčő öĺðęîâíűő ďĺńíîďĺíč˙ő, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę III (1896) 582-633. 3. Íĺäŕâíî îňęðűňŕ˙ ďŕëĺńňčíńęŕ˙ ěîçŕčęŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IV (1897) 763. 4. Íîâîĺ čçäŕíčĺ ďŕě˙ňíčęîâ âčçŕíňčéńęîăî čńęóńńňâŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 357. 5. Ńëŕâ˙íĺ â Ăðĺöčč, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 404-438, 626-670. 6. Ăðĺ÷ĺńęčé ňĺęńň ćčňč˙ ńîðîęŕ äâóő ŕěîðčéńęčő ěó÷ĺíčęîâ ďî ðóęîďčńč Ďŕðčćńęîé Íŕöčîíŕëüíîé Áčáëčîňĺęč ą 1534, Çŕďčńęč Čěďĺðŕňîðńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčč Íŕóę [Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.Pétersbourg], VIIIe Série, III/3 (1898) 1-17. 7. Âčçŕíňčéńęî-ŕðŕáńęčĺ îňíîřĺíč˙ â öŕðńňâîâŕíčĺ Ěčőŕčëŕ III (842-867), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙ CCCXXIV (1899) 1-55. 8. Âčçŕíňč˙ č ŕðŕáű ďðč čěďĺðŕňîðĺ Ôĺîôčëĺ (829-842), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 380-447. 9. Ćčňčĺ Ôčëŕðĺňŕ Ěčëîńňčâîăî, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðóńńęîăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęîăî Číńňčňóňŕ â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ V (1900) 49-86. 10. Âðĺě˙ ćčçíč Ðîěŕíŕ Ńëŕäęîďĺâöŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VIII (1901) 435-478. 11. Ďðĺäďîëŕăŕĺěîĺ čçäŕíčĺ ăðĺ÷ĺńęčő ŕęňîâ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę X (1903) 664-666. 12. Ŕăŕďčé Ěŕíáčäćčéńęčé, őðčńňčŕíńęčé ŕðŕáńęčé čńňîðčę X âĺęŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XI (1904) 574-587. 13. Ŕðŕáńęčé ńčíŕęńŕð î áîëăŕðńęîě ďîőîäĺ čěďĺðŕňîðŕ Íčęčôîðŕ I, in: Íîâűé ńáîðíčę ńňŕňĺé ďî ńëŕâ˙íîâĺäĺíčţ, ńîńňŕâëĺííűé č čçäŕííűé ó÷ĺíčęŕěč Â. Č. Ëŕěŕíńęîăî, Ńŕíęň-Ďĺňĺðáóðă 1905, 361-362. 14. Ďðîčńőîćäĺíčĺ čěďĺðŕňîðŕ Âŕńčëč˙ Ěŕęĺäîí˙íčíŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1905) 148-165. 15. Ćčňčĺ ńâ. Ăðčăĺíňč˙, ĺďčńęîďŕ Îěčðčňńęîăî, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę, XIV (1907) 23-67. Kondakovianum) X (1938) 10, n. 7], announced that as early as November 1936, Krachkovsky and Vasiliev had finalized the critical edition and, respectively, the French translation of the last part of this History, which they had sent to be published to the editor of Patrologia Orientalis collection. Also, in 1956, S. der NERSESSIAN [Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953), Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 6], was still expecting the publication of this last part. This fragment of Yahya’s History was published only in 1997: Histoire de Yahyaibn-Sa‘ ïd d’Antioche, édition critique du texte arab préparée par † Ignace Kratchkovsky et traduction française annotée par Françoise Micheau et Gérard Troupeau, in: Patrologia Orientalis XLVII (1997) 371-599. Surprisingly, A. A. Vasiliev’s name is missing from the front page, where only I. Krachkovsky’s name appears; however, the fact is explained in the Introduction accompanying the text [Patrologia Orientalis XLVII (1997) 379]: the French translation originally provided by the Russian scholar was to a certain extent revised by Marius Canard, who abandoned this project. Thus, it was only in 1980 that this dossier came into the possession of Gérard Troupeau, who, together with Françoise Micheau, considered that the French translation of the critical edition endorsed by I. Krachkovsky had to be entirely revised. 313 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie 314 16. Çŕěĺňęč î íĺęîňîðűő ăðĺ÷ĺńęčő ðóęîďčń˙ő ćčňčé ńâ˙ňűő íŕ Ńčíŕĺ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 276-333. 17. Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčč (Îňâĺň ďðîô. Ţ. Ęóëŕęîâńęîěó), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. XXXVI (1911) 190-195. 18. Íĺńęîëüęî çŕěĺ÷ŕíčé ďî ďîâîäó ďî˙âëĺíč˙ ńňŕňüč Ă. Çĺěĺë˙: Ý. Äîëý â čńňîðč÷ĺńęîé ëčňĺðŕňóðĺ, Ó÷ĺíű˙ çŕďčńęč Čěďĺðŕňîðńęŕăî Ţðüĺâńęŕăî Óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ (= Acta et commentationes Imp. Universitatis Jurievensis – olim Dorpatensis) 20/4 (1912) 1-16. 19. Ďóňĺřĺńňâčĺ âčçŕíňčéńęîăî čěďĺðŕňîðŕ Ěŕíóčëŕ II Ďŕëĺîëîăŕ ďî Çŕďŕäíîé Ĺâðîďĺ (1399-1403 ă.), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. XXXIX (1912) 41-78, 260-304. 20. Ęŕðë Âĺëčęčé č Őŕðóí-ŕë-Ðŕřčä, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XX (1913) 63116. 21. Ěŕâçîëĺé, ęŕę îäíî čç ÷óäĺń ěčðŕ, ó Ŕăŕďč˙ Ěŕíäáčäćčéńęîăî, Őðčńňčŕíńęčé Âîńňîę II/1 (1913) 152-154. 22. Ëŕńęŕð Ęŕíŕí, âčçŕíňčéńęčé ďóňĺřĺńňâĺííčę XV âĺęŕ ďî Ńĺâĺðíîé Ĺâðîďĺ č Čńëŕíäčţ, in: Ńáîðíčę Őŕðüęîâńęîăî Čńňîð.-ôčëîëîă. Îá-âŕ â ÷ĺńňü ďðîô. Â. Ď. Áóçĺńęóëŕ, Őŕðüęîâ: Ňčďîăðŕôč˙ „Ďĺ÷ŕňíîĺ Äĺëî” Ęîíňîðńęŕ˙ 1914, 397-402. 23. Ďĺðĺäŕ÷ŕ Ŕíäðĺĺěú Ďŕëĺîëîăîěú ńâîčőú ďðŕâú íŕ Âčçŕíňčţ ôðŕíöóçńęîěó ęîðîëţ Ęŕðëó VIII, in: Íčęîëŕţ Čâŕíîâč÷ó Ęŕðüĺâó (1873-1913). Ó÷ĺíčęč č ňîâŕðčůč ďî íŕó÷íîé ðŕáîňĺ, Ń.-Ďĺňĺðáóðăú 1914, 273-278. 24. Ăîňű â Ęðűěó, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðîńńčéńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčč Čńňîðčč Ěŕňĺðčŕëüíîé Ęóëüňóðű I (1921) 247-344; V (1927) 179-282. 25. Îďčńŕíčĺ âčçŕíňčéńęčő ăčðü č ýęńŕăčĺâ, őðŕí˙ůčőń˙ â Ŕęŕäĺěčč, Čçâĺńňč˙ Ðîńńčéńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčč Čńňîðčč Ěŕňĺðčŕëüíîé Ęóëüňóðű II (1922) 237-240. 26. The Struggle [of Byzantium] with the Saracens (867-1057), in: The Cambridge Medieval History, IV. The Eastern Roman Empire (717-1453), Cambridge: The University Press 1923, 138-150. 27. Ďðîáëĺěŕ ńðĺäíĺâĺęîâîăî Ęðűěŕ, Íîâűé Âîńňîę III (1923) 378-386. 28. La guerre de Cent Ans et Jeanne d’Arc dans la tradition byzantine, Byzantion III/1 (1926) 241-250. 29. Ńîôîęëčń. Ăðĺę-ďðîôĺńńîð â ŕěĺðčęŕíńęîě óíčâĺðńčňĺňĺ. Çŕěĺňęŕ, in: Ńáîðíčę ńňŕňĺé â ÷ĺńňü Ńĺðăĺ˙ Ŕëĺęńŕíäðîâč÷ŕ Ćĺáĺëĺâŕ, [Ëĺíčíăðŕä] 1926, 365-369. 30. Byzantine Studies in Russia: Past and Present, The American Historical Review XXXII/3 (1927) 539-545. 31. Das genaue Datum der Schlacht von Myriokephalon, Byzantinische Zeitschrift XXVII/3-4 (1927) 288-290. 32. Manuel Comnenus and Henry Plantagenet, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, XXIX/34 (1929-1930) 233-244. 33. Zur Geschichte von Trapezunt unter Justinian dem Grossen, Byzantinische Zeitschrift XXX (1929-1930) 381-386. 34. La Russie primitive et Byzance, in: L’art byzantin chez les Slaves, I. Les Balkans (Premier recueil dédié à la mémoire de Théodore Uspenskij), première partie (= coll. Orient et Byzance, études d’art médiévale publiées sous la direction de Gabriel Millet, IV), Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner 1930, 9-19. 35. Quelques remarques sur les voyageurs du Moyen Âge à Constantinople, in: Mélanges Charles Diehl: Études sur l’histoire et sur l’art de Byzance, I (Histoire), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux 1930, 293-298. Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) 36. Il viaggio dell’imperatore bizantino Giovanni V Paleologo in Italia (1369-1371) e l’unione di Roma del 1369, Studi bizantini e neoellenici III (1931) 151-193. 37. Pero Tafur, a Spanish Traveller of the Fifteenth Century and his Visit to Constantinople, Trebizond, and Italy, Byzantion VII/1 (1932) 75-122. 38. Harun-ibn-Yahya and his Description of Constantinople, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) V (1932) 149-163. 39. Economic Relations between Byzantium and Old Russia, Journal of Economic and Business History IV/2 (1932) 314-334. 40. Was Old Russia a Vassal State of Byzantium?, Speculum VII/3 (1932) 350-360. 41. Justin I (518-527) and Abyssinia, Byzantinische Zeitschrift XXXIII/1 (1933) 67-77. 42. On the Question of Byzantine Feudalism, Byzantion VIII/2 (1933) 584-604. 43. Notes on the History of Trebizond in the Seventh Century, in: Åkò ìíÞìçí Óðõñßäùíïò ËÜìðñïõ, ÁèÞíá 1935, 29-34. 44. A Note on Pero Tafur, Byzantion X/1 (1935) 65-66. 45. Jörg of Nuremberg, a Writer contemporary with the Fall of Constantinople (1453), Byzantion X/1 (1935) 205-209. 46. The Foundation of the Empire of Trebizond (1204-1222), Speculum XI/1 (1936) 3-37. 47. Exposition totius mundi. An Anonymous Geographic Treatise of the Fourth Century A. D., Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) VIII (1936) 1-39. 48. The Opening Stages of the Anglo-Saxon Immigration to Byzantium in the Eleventh Century, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) IX (1937) 39-70. 49. Mesarites as a Source, Speculum XIII/2 (1938) 180-182. 50. Justinian’s Digest. In Commemoration of the 1400th Anniversary of the Publication of the Digest (A.D. 533-1933), Studi bizantini e neoellenici (Atti del V Congresso Internazionale di Studi Bizantini, Roma, 20-26 settembre 1936, I. Storia – Filologia – Diritto), V (1939) 711-734. 51. The Empire of Trebizond in History and Literature, Byzantion XV (1940-1941) 316-377. 52. The Life of St. Theodore of Edessa, Byzantion XVI/1 (1942-1943) 165-225. 53. Mediaeval Ideas of the End of the World: West and East, Byzantion XVI/2 (1942-1943) 462-502. 54. An Edict of the Emperor Justinian II, September 688, Speculum XVIII/1 (1943) 1-13. 55. Life of David of Thessalonica, Traditio IV (1946) 115-147. 56. The Emperor Michael III in Apocryphal Literature, Byzantina-Metabyzantina I/1 (1946) 237-248. 57. The Life of St. Peter of Argos and its Historical Significance, Traditio V (1947) 163-191. 58. L’entrée triomphale de l’empereur Justinian II à Thessalonique en 688, Orientalia Christiana Periodica XIII/1-2 (1947) 355-368. 59. Byzantium and Islam, in: Norman H. Baynes & H. St. L. B. Moss (eds.), Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1948, 308-325. 60. Imperial Porphyry Sarcophagi in Constantinople, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 4 (1948) 1-26. 315 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie 61. The Monument of Porphyrius in the Hippodrome at Constantinople, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 4 (1948) 27-49. 62. The Historical Significance of the Mosaic of Saint Demetrius at Sassoferrato, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 5 (1950) 29-39. 63. The Second Russian Attack on Constantinople, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 6 (1951) 161-225. 64. Hugh Capet of France and Byzantium, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 6 (1951) 227251. 65. The Iconoclastic Edict of the Caliph Yazid II, A.D. 721, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 23-47. 66. Notes on some Episodes concerning the Relations between the Arabs and the Byzantine Empire from the Fourth to the Sixth Century, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 306-316. 67. Prester John and Russia (edited by W.F. Ryan), in: Charles F. Beckingham & Bernard Hamilton (eds.), Prester John, the Mongols and the Ten Lost Tribes, Aldershot/Brookfield: Variorum 1996, 187-196.102 Beside the above-mentioned articles, both S. der NERSESSIAN [in: Dumbarton Oaks Papers 9-10 (1955-1956) 18], and Ŕ. G. GRUSHEVOY [in: A. A. VASILIEV, Čńňîðč˙ Âčçŕíňčéńęîé Čěďĺðčč (324-1453), čçäŕíčĺ âňîðîĺ, čńďðŕâëĺííîĺ, ňîě 1, Saint Petersburg 2000, 24] indicate as A. A. Vasiliev’s last publication, his paper delivered for the 9th International Congress of Byzantine Studies (Thessaloniki, April 12-19, 1953). This information, however, is erroneous, since the published edition of the Congress Papers only contains a brief summary in French of his paper, entitled: Alexandre le Grand, Byzance et l’Islam. See: St. Kyriakides, A. Xyngopoulos, P. Zepos (eds.), ÐåðñáãìÝíá ôï™ ÈA Äéåèíï™ò Âõæáíôéíïëïãéêï™ Óõíåäñßïõ (Èåóóáëïíßêç, 12-19 EÁðñéëßïõ 1953), Ôüìïò ÂA ( EÁíáêïéíþóåéò: ÂA Äßêáéïí, à A Èåïëïãßá, ÄA FÉóôïñßá), (= EÅêäüóåéò FÅôáéñåßáò Ìáêåäïíéê§í Óðïõäüí, Ðåñéïäéê§í FÅëëçíéêÜ, ÐáñÜñôçìá EÁñéè. 9), Athens 1956, 630. Reports: 1. Îäčííŕäöŕňűé číňĺðíŕöčîíŕëüíűé ęîíăðĺńń îðčĺíňŕëčńňîâ â Ďŕðčćĺ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IV (1897) 759-762. 2. Äâĺíŕäöŕňűé číňĺðíŕöčîíŕëüíűé ęîíăðĺńń îðčĺíňŕëčńňîâ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 356. 3. XII-é ęîíăðĺńń îðčĺíňŕëčńňîâ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 617-619. 4. Ýęńęóðńč˙ â Ěŕęĺäîíčţ Ðóńńęîăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęîăî Číńňčňóňŕ â Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ îńĺíüţ 1899 ăîäŕ, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VII (1900) 588-590. 5. Ó÷ĺíŕ˙ ďîĺçäęŕ íŕ Ńčíŕé â 1902 ăîäó, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IX (1902) 635. 6. Ó÷ĺíŕ˙ ďîĺçäęŕ íŕ Ńčíŕé â 1902 ăîäó, Ńîîáůĺíč˙ Čěďĺðŕňîðńęîăî Ďðŕâîńëŕâíîăî Ďŕëĺńňčíńęîăî Îáůĺńňâŕ XV (1904) 173-252 (also published in a single volume: Ďîĺçäęŕ íŕ Ńčíŕé â 1902 ăîäó. Ďóňĺâűĺ íŕáðîńęč, Ń.-Ďĺňĺðáóðă: Ňčďîăðŕôč˙ Â. Ň. Ęčðřáŕóěŕ 1904, 88 ńňð.). 7. Le XIVe Congrès International des Orientalistes. VIe Section: Grèce et Orient, Revue Africaine XLIX/3-4 [258-259] (1905) 337-339. 316 102 As mentioned previously, this study is an excerpt, whose language was processed and bibliography was updated by W. F. Ryan (Warburg Institute, London), extracted from A. A. Vasiliev’s unpublished work: Prester John: Legend and History, held by The Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection (Washington, DC). Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) 8. XIV-é číňĺðíŕöčîíŕëüíűé ęîíăðĺńń îðčĺíňŕëčńňîâ â 1905 ăîäó, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1905) 573-576. 9. Ď˙ňčäĺń˙ňčëĺňíčé ţáčëĺé Ěĺëüáóðíńęîăî Óíčâĺðńčňĺňŕ (1856-1906), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. VIII (1907) 29-46. 10. Ńĺěíŕäöŕňűé ěĺćäóíŕðîäíűé ęîíăðĺńń ŕěĺðčęŕíčńňîâ â Áóýíîń-Ŕéðĺńĺ ń 16/3 ďî 21/8 ěŕ˙ 1910 ăîäŕ, Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. XXX (1910) 19-35. Prosopographical notes: 1. Alexius I. Comnenus, in: Peter Richard Rohden & Georg Ostrogorsky (hrsg.), Menschen die Geschichte machten: Viertausend Jahre Weltgeschichte in Zeit- und Lebensbildern, II. Band, Wien: Verlag L. W. Seidel & Sohn 1931, 36-40. 2. Fallmerayer, Jacob Philip, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. VI, New York: Macmillan Co. 1931, 64-65. 3. Finlay, George, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. VI, New York: Macmillan Co. 1931, 253. 4. Krumbacher, Karl, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. VIII, London: Macmillan & Co. 1932, 605. 5. Theodosius I, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. XIV, New York: Macmillan Co. 1934, 615-616. 6. Theodosius II, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. XIV, New York: Macmillan Co. 1934, 616. 7. Uspensky, Fedor Ivanovich, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. XV, New York: Macmillan Co. 1935, 193. 8. Vasilevsky, Vasily Grigorevich, in: Edwin R. A. Seligman & Alwin Johnson (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, vol. XV, New York: Macmillan Co. 1935, 231-232. Obituaries and occasional addresses: 1. † Ďŕâĺë Ęŕëëčăŕń, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IV (1897) 313-314. 2. † Íčęčôîð Ęŕëîăĺðŕń, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IV (1897) 314. 3. Ŕëüôðĺä Ðŕěáî (íĺęðîëîă), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1906) 577-579. 4. † Ăĺíðčő Ăĺëüöĺð, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 210-214. 5. Áŕðîí Âčęňîð Ðîěŕíîâč÷ Ðîçĺí (ðîä. 21-ăî ôĺâðŕë˙ 1849, † 10 ˙íâŕð˙ 1908 ă.), (íĺęðîëîă), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 483-492. 6. Ęŕðë Ęðóěáŕőĺð († 12-ăî äĺęŕáð˙ 1909 ă. íîâ. ńň.) (íĺęðîëîă), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. XXV (1910) 88-101. 7. Ďŕě˙ňč Ď. Ŕ. ßęîâĺíęî, Ŕííŕëű. Ćóðíŕë âńĺîáůĺé čńňîðčč čçäŕâŕĺěűé Ðîńńčéńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčĺé Íŕóę (1922) 2, 258-259. 8. Â. Í. Çëŕňŕðńęčé (ďŕě˙ňęŕ), Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) VIII (1936) 280-282. 9. Memoirs of Fellows and Corresponding Fellows of the Mediaeval Academy: Vasili Mikhailovich Istrin, Speculum XIV/3 (1939) 416-417 [short note signed with R.P. Blake and F.P. Magoun Jr. (Chairman)]. 317 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie 318 10. Ěîč âîńďîěčíŕíč˙ î Â.Ă. Âŕńčëüĺâńęîăî, Annales de l’Institut Kondakov (Seminarium Kondakovianum) XI (1940) 207-214. 11. Ăðčăîðčé Ëĺîíčäîâč÷ Ëîçčíńęčé, Íîâűé Ćóðíŕë (The New Review. Russian Quarterly) (1943) 4, 364-366. 12. A la mémoire de Charles Diehl, Byzantion XVII (1944-1945) 414-417. 13. The Opening Address to the First Congress of Byzantino-Slavo-Oriental Studies (New York, April 1946), Byzantion XVIII (1946-1948) 217-221. . Reviews and bibliographical notes: 1. Ćčňčĺ čćĺ âî ńâ˙ňűő îňöŕ íŕřĺăî Ôĺîäîðŕ, ŕðőčĺďčńęîďŕ Ĺäĺńńęŕăî. Ďî äâóěú ðóęîďčń˙ěú Ěîńęîâńęîé ńčíîäŕëíîé áčáëčîňĺęč čçäŕëú Č. Ďîě˙ëîâńęčé. Ń.-Ďĺňĺðáóðă. 1892, Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙ CCLXXXVI (1893) 201-210. 2. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę II (1895) 268280. 3. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę III (1896) 418-421, 709-715. 4. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IV (1897) 278-284, 711-726. 5. Charles Diehl, L’Afrique Byzantine. Histoire de la domination byzantine en Afrique (533-709), ouvrage couronné par l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Paris, Ernest Leroux 1896, 8, Ńňð. XV + 64, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 220-227. 6. Gustave Schlumberger, L’Epopée Byzantine à la fin du dixième siècle. Jean Tzimiscès. Les jeunes années de Basile II le Tueur de Bulgares (969-989), Paris, Hachette et C-ie, VI + 799 ńňð., Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 494-508. 7. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę V (1898) 322-335, 778-793. 8. Adolf Stoll, Der Geschichtschreiber Friedrich Wilken. Mit einem Anhang, enthaltend Aufzeichnungen von Karoline Wilken, geb. Tischbein, über ihren Vater Johann Friedrich August Tischbein und ihr eignes Jugendleben, sowie 5 Porträts, Cassel, Th.G. Fischer & Co. 1896, 8, 350 ńňð., Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 147-152. 9. Gerhard Rauschen, Jahrbücher der christlichen Kirche unter dem Kaiser Theodosius dem Grossen. Versuch einer Erneuerung der Annales Ecclesiastici des Baronius für die Jahre 378-395, Freiburg im Breisgau, Herder’sche Verlagshandlung 1897, XVII + 609 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 152-156. 10. Karl Krumbacher, Studien zu Romanos, München, 1898. Aus den Sitzungsberichten der philos.-philol. und der histor. Classe der k. bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1898, B. II, Heft 1, S. 69-268, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 468-475. 11. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Čńďŕíč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VI (1899) 251-264, 598-613. 12. Reinhold Röhricht, Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI), Oeniponti, Libraria academica Wagneriana, 1893, ńňð. II + 523, 8; Reinhold Röhricht, Geschichte des Königreichs Jerusalem (1100-1291), Innsbruck, Verlag der Wagner’schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung 1898, ńňð. XXVIII + 1105, 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VII (1900) 152-155. 13. Heinrich Gelzer, Sextus Julius Africanus und die byzantinische Chronographie, Leipzig, J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1898, 8. Erster Theil: die Chronographie des Julius Africanus, Leipzig 1880, 283 ńňð. Zweiter Theil, erste Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1867-1953) 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Abtheilung: die Nachfolger des Julius Africanus, Leipzig 1885, VIII + 425 ńňð. Zweiter Theil, zweite Abtheilung: Nachträge, Leipzig 1898, ńňð. 426-500, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VII (1900) 726-732. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Čńďŕíč˙, Ďîðňóăŕëč˙, Ăîëëŕíäč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VII (1900) 238-250, 536-571, 781793. Dr. Ernst Gerland, Das Archiv der Herzogs von Kandia im Königl. Staatsarchiv zu Venedig, Strassburg, Verlag von Karl J. Trübner 1899, 148 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VIII (1901) 143-152. Alexander van Millingen, M. A., Byzantine Constantinople: the walls of the city and adjoining historical sites, with maps, plans, and illustrations, London, John Murray, Albemarle Street 1899, XII + 361 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VIII (1901) 568-572. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Ăîëëŕíäč˙, Řâĺöč˙, Ôčíë˙íäč˙, Čńďŕíč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę VIII (1901) 250-267, 656674. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Ăîëëŕíäč˙, Řâĺöč˙, Ďîðňóăŕëč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę IX (1902) 243-265, 577-609. P. Hermann Bourier, Ueber die Quellen der ersten vierzehn Bücher des Joannes Malalas. Erster Teil: Programm des kgl. humanistischen Gymnasiums St. Stephan in Augsburg zum Schlusse des Schuljahres 1898/99, Augsburg 1899, 47 ńňð., 8; Zweiter Teil: Inaugural-Dissertation bei der Hohen philosophischen Fakultät der königl. bayer. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg 1900, 67 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę X (1903) 190-193. H. Gelzer, Die Genesis der byzantinischen Themenverfassung, Leipzig 1899, 134 ńňð., 8 (= Des XVIII. Bandes der Abhandlungen der philologisch-historischen Classe der Königl. Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, No. V)”, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę X (1903) 194-203. Gustave Schlumberger, L’Epopée Byzantine à la fin du dixième siècle, seconde partie: Basile II le Tueur de Bulgares, Paris, Hachette et C-ie, 1900, VI + 655 ńňð., 4, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę X (1903) 532-535. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ôðŕíöč˙, Čňŕëč˙, Ŕíăëč˙, Ăîëëŕíäč˙, Řâĺöč˙, Čńďŕíč˙, Ďîðňóăŕëč˙, Ăĺðěŕíč˙, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę X (1903) 239-265, 559592. A. Heisenberg, Analecta. Mitteilungen aus italienischen Handschriften byzantinischer Chronographen, Programm des K. Luitpold-Gymnasiums in München für das Studienjahre 1900-1901, München 1901, 45 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XI (1904) 115-118. Karl Krumbacher, Romanos und Kyriakos. Separat-Abdruck aus den Sitzungsberichten der philos-philol. und der histor. Classe der kgl. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1901, Heft V, S. 693-766, München 1901, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XI (1904) 619-620. Friedrich Westberg, Die Fragmente des Toparcha Goticus (Anonymus Tauricus) aus dem 10. Jahrhundert, Mit 10 Tafeln, Çŕďčńęč Čěďĺðŕňîðńęîé Ŕęŕäĺěčé Íŕóęú ďî Čńňîðčęî-Ôčëîëîăč÷ĺńęîěó îňäĺëĺíčţ, ň. V, n 2, 1901, 126 ńňð., Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XI (1904) 620-622. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ðîńńč˙ č Çŕďŕäíŕ˙ Ĺâðîďŕ (Áîăîńëîâčĺ, Čńňîðč˙ č Ăĺîăðŕôč˙), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XI (1904) 184-193, 229-245, 646656, 675-685. Â. Ŕ. Ďŕí÷ĺíęî, Ęðĺńňü˙íńęŕ˙ ńîáńňâĺííîńňü âú Âčçŕíňčé, Çĺěëĺäĺëú÷ĺńęčé çŕęîíú č ěîíŕńňűðńęčĺ äîęóěĺíňű, Cîôč˙ 1903, XII + 234 ńňð., 8 (Čçâëĺ÷ĺíî čçú ň. IX Čçâĺńňčé Ðóńńęŕăî Ŕðőĺîëîăč÷ĺńęŕăî Číńňčňóňŕ âú Ęîíńňŕíňčíîďîëĺ), Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙ CCCLIX (1905) 444-454. 319 Ionu˛ Alexandru Tudorie 320 28. F. Chalandon, Essai sur le règne d’Alexis Ier Comnène (1081-1118), Paris, A. Picard et Fils (éditeurs) 1900, LII + 346 ńňð., 8 (= Mémoires et documents publiés par la Société de l’Ecole des Chartes, IV), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1906) 266-270. 29. Charles Diehl, Justinien et la civilisation byzantine au VIe siècle, Paris, Ernest Leroux (éditeur), 1901, XL + 696 ńňð., 4 (= Monuments de l’art byzantin publiés sous les auspices du Ministère de l’instruction publique et des beaux-arts), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1906) 270-272. 30. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ðîńńč˙ č Çŕďŕäíŕ˙ Ĺâðîďŕ (Čńňîðč˙ č Ăĺîăðŕôč˙), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XII (1906) 336-347. 31. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ðîńńč˙ č Çŕďŕäíŕ˙ Ĺâðîďŕ (Čńňîðč˙ č Ăĺîăðŕôč˙), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺíí XIII (1906) 573-589. 32. A. J. Butler, D. Litt., F.S.A., The Arab Conquest of Egypt and the last thirty years of the Roman Dominion, Oxford, Clarendon Press 1902, XXXIV + 563 pp., 8, Ćóðíŕë Ěčíčńňĺðńňâŕ Íŕðîäíîăî Ďðîńâĺůĺíč˙, í.ń. IX (1907) 208-212. 33. Gustave Schlumberger, L’Epopée Byzantine à la fin du dixième siècle, troisième partie: Les Porphyrogénètes Zoé et Théodora. Règnes de Constantin VIII, de Zoé avec son premier mari Romain III Argyros, son second mari Michel IV le Paphlagonien, son fils adoptif Michel V le Kalaphate, sa sœur Théodora, son troisième mari enfin Constantin IX Monomaque, de Théodora seule, de Michel VI Stratiotikos; avènement d’Isaac Comnène (1025-1057), Paris, Hachette et C-ie 1905, VIII + 847 pp., 4, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 390-393. 34. Edwin Pears, L. B., The Destruction of the Greek Empire and the Story of the Capture of Constantinople by the Turks, with maps and illustrations, Longmans, Green and Co., New York and Bombay 1903, XXV + 476 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 393-397. 35. A. Wächter, Der Verfall des Griechentums in Kleinasien im XIV. Jahrhundert, Leipzig 1903, II + 70 ńňð., 8, Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 397398. 36. Áčáëčîăðŕôč˙: Ðîńńč˙ č Çŕďŕäíŕ˙ Ĺâðîďŕ (Čńňîðč˙ č Ăĺîăðŕôč˙), Âčçŕíňčéńęčé Âðĺěĺííčę XIV (1907) 567-580. 34. Ä. 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