Robert Robertson (1934−2018): His career, taxa, and bibliography

Amer. Malac. Bull. 36(1): 158–170 (2018) Robert Robertson (1934−2018): His career, taxa, and bibliography Paula M. Mikkelsen1 and Rüdiger Bieler1 1 Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, pmm37@cornell.edu, rbieler@fieldmuseum.org Abstract: Robert Robertson (1934−2018) was systematic malacologist, natural historian, and reproductive biologist, focusing on marine gastropods and based at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia (ANSP) for most of his career. An account of his professional life is presented, based in part on a brief autobiography here included. Lists of his 142 publications (published and unpublished, formal and informal) and 13 taxa, as well as taxa named for him and publications written about him, are provided. Key words: malacologist, Bahamas, Mollusca, Gastropoda, biography The field of malacology lost a long-term friend and colleague with the passing on January 2, 2018, of Robert Robertson in Haddonfield, New Jersey (Fig. 1). Robertson’s career spanned more than 60 years, and included systematic revision of marine gastropods, studies of their reproductive biology, larval development, ecology, feeding, biotic inventory (especially of the Bahamas), and one of the first malacological applications of scanning electron microscopy. In 2010, Robertson wrote a short, informal autobiography covering his early years, and shared it with a few colleagues. The edited text (with final ANSP-period paragraphs by Harriet Robertson) is presented here in italic font: Early Years. I was born on November 14, 1934, near the village of Great Waldingfield, in the county of Suffolk, England. My mother (née Katherine Anne West) was an artist and gardener (West, 1928), and my father (David William) retired young from the London Stock Exchange. He enjoyed boats and fixing up houses. In 1955, he traversed the Atlantic solo in a small yacht, encountering a hurricane far out at sea. He was buried at sea in 1977 near Dead Man’s Chest, a tiny islet in the British Virgin Islands. My parents had the waterlust. My interest in natural history was sparked about 1942 when we lived in the Bahamas (first northern Eleuthera Island, then Nassau, New Providence Island). First, I liked fishes, then birds, then flowering plants. Back in England after World War II, I continued to bird and botanize. Back in the West Indies in 1948 and 1949, in Jamaica and during a return to the Bahamas, I continued botanizing. I also began to collect shells. My first shell, collected at age 14, was a Jamaican Cassis tuberosa (now ANSP no. 284970). In England again, I was at a Quaker, co-educational, vegetarian boarding school (St. Christopher School, Letchworth, Hertforshire). Meanwhile, my parents settled in a cabanon (rock-built house) surrounded by a vineyard near St. Tropez in the south of France, well before St. Tropez became a playground of the rich. My father was a member of a wine cooperative that processed our grapes. I went to St. Tropez during my school holidays and continued to botanize and collect shells even more avidly. My St. Tropez shell collection is now also at ANSP. Although mainly beach-collected, it is a valuable component of our Mediterranean holdings, with numerous specimens of many species. Tahiti. In late January to late August 1952, my parents and I were at Tahiti, French Polynesia. We were stimulated to go there by friends and a book by t’Serstevens (1950). We also visited briefly some of the other Society Islands (Moorea, Raiatea, and Porapora [‘Borabora’]). We lived in two thatched huts by the sea in the village of Atiue, District of Punaauia. We ate outdoors under a cashew nut tree (Anacardium occidentale). Centipedes fell on us and occupied our empty shoes. I became fairly proficient in French, bicycled around, and continued to botanize. Figure 1. Robert Robertson, 1996, in Haddonfield, New Jersey. (Photo by Paul Callomon) 158 ROBERT ROBERTSON BIOBIBLIOGRAPHY Unfortunately, though, I did not make a herbarium. I did, though, publish my first biological paper (Robertson, 1952), a compiled list of the ferns of French Polynesia. A botanical high point was seeing in profuse flower the endemic lobeliaceous genus and species Apetahia raiateensis in the hills of Raiatea. I had Drake del Castillo’s (1893) French Polynesia flora for reference. I was welcomed at the Musée de Papeete by a lady named Aurora Natua. They had some of the publications of the Bishop Museum (Honolulu, Hawaii), which I devoured avidly. At Tahiti, I continued most actively to collect mainly marine mollusks, preferring whenever possible live-collected to empty shells. I also kept habitat data when I could. I skin dived and swam in lagoons, walked on reef ramparts (even at night with a kerosene lamp, when the moray eels were everywhere), but did not dredge. This collection too was later incorporated into ANSP’s holdings (Robertson, 1953); it is perhaps still the best for Tahiti outside of France. In Tahiti, I had access to Dautzenberg and Bouge’s (1933) list of the marine mollusks of the region. I have wonderful memories of Tahiti as it used to be. The island was more like Jamaica than the low-lying Bahamas. Mount Orohena was almost perpetually hidden by clouds and was surrounded by steep slopes. Because it consists of crumbling rock, Orohena was virtually unclimbable. The southeast, windward side of the island was rainy and developed lush, tropical vegetation. In February, the rain poured every afternoon. The streams were swift-flowing, rocky, and there were waterfalls in places. Wild fe’i bananas (Musa cf. fesi) grew in the hills and were brought to the coast to be eaten (MacDaniels, 1947). The ti plant (Cordyline terminalis or C. fruticosa) grew wild and was conspicuous (Guillaumin et al., 1946). Small estuaries formed where the streams met the sea, and these caused breaks in the otherwise nearly continuous fringing or barrier reefs. The sands were black or white, depending on whether they were of volcanic or limestone origin. The leeward side of the island had sparse, dry, mainly bushy vegetation, with a common component being introduced Lantana. Coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) grew mainly in groves near the sea and sometimes overhung it. The natives were adept at climbing up the palms to get the nuts. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), of ‘Mutiny on the Bounty’ fame, was still common and the big starchy fruit could be cooked and eaten (Wilder, 1928). By western standards, the natives were relaxed. One of their most endearing attributes was their great love of children. The beauty of the young women (vahinés) was well recorded by Gaugin. A large Chinese population contributed the active traders and restauranteurs of the islands. I also remember outrigger canoes (to be capsized one way and not the other), ‘hula’ dancing in grass skirts with rhythmic drumming, pareus (colorful cloth wrap-arounds), tapa cloth (old-fashioned wraparounds), and the spectacular outline of Moorea on the horizon. And finally, there was the nearly intractable Tahitian language (like Hawaiian but with T’s replacing the K’s). It had adopted some English words, e.g., ‘hapaina’ (from ‘half pinter’) (Vernier, 1948). We saw first-hand that it takes great talent for a westerner successfully to ‘go native,’ and my parents and I did not achieve this. A return ticket was already required of most people arriving at the island. As I left the island on a seaplane heading west to Fiji, I saw the Tahiti airport being built. In doing so, they ruined a beautiful lagoon, and the later influx of tourists meant that the island would no longer be pristine, as I had seen it. Stanford. My early formal schooling had been poor. Nevertheless, I was accepted by Stanford University (near Palo Alto, California) and went there in the fall of 1952 as a freshman. I intended to become a botanist, but a botanist there gave me the cold shoulder. However, I was most graciously received by A. Myra Keen, the well-known malacologist and paleontologist (Robertson, 1986a). She is most famous for her book Sea Shells of Tropical West America (Keen, 1971) and gave me informal 159 training in taxonomy and malacology all through my undergraduate years. Early on, Keen involved me in scientific nomenclature, focusing on the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Much work for that, including a detailed nomenclatural review of the ‘subgenera’ of Conus, submitted about 1956, was never published. Many comments and notes appeared in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. In June and July 1955, I went with my Stanford roommate Augustus ‘Gus’ W. Scott, Jr., on a Glen Canyon Expedition on the Colorado River, beginning at Hite, Utah, and ending where later Lake Powell would be created by a big dam. The river carried much silt, and the ‘lake’ became muddy quickly. We were on a rubber raft, and we walked up some of the side canyons, most notably to Rainbow Bridge. We even climbed Mount Navajo. We recorded the biology as best we could, but I saw no mollusks. A caddis-fly larva (Helicopsyche) gave me pause because it makes a spiral shell out of agglutinated sand grains (Inskip, 1955; Topping, 1997). In my senior year at Stanford (1955−1956), and with field trips near Hopkins Marine Station (Pacific Grove, California), I took a course on marine invertebrates given by Donald P. Abbott, an inspiring teacher (Newberry and Hadfield, 1986). He opened my eyes to malacology beyond their shells and scientific names. He also made it possible for me to spend several hours alone with the great Sir Maurice (C. M.) Yonge, who was then visiting Hopkins (Heppell, 1986; Morton, 1986; Allen, 1987; Hedgpeth, 1987). Yonge’s enthusiasm for functional morphology was thrilling. At Hopkins, the nearby marine biota was spectacular. Abalones (Haliotis) were still common, and algal palm trees (Postelsia) grew in the surf. And it was also there that I had my first girlfriend (Jean Burch). In 1953 through 1955, my parents were again living in the Bahamas, this time in Hope Town, Abaco. During summer holidays from Stanford, I collected and studied marine mollusks there, once with Gus along. My large collection from Abaco is now at ANSP. Although as a freshman I nearly flunked out (because of culture shock), I graduated from Stanford in 1956 with honors and an A.B. in Biological Sciences. I was then eager to travel east and meet other U.S. malacologists in that galaxy. In retrospect, I should have tarried in the West to enjoy more the better marine biota there. ANSP and Woods Hole. I first went to ANSP as a Jessup student in June and July 1956. R. Tucker Abbott, the great popularizer of shell collecting as well as a good systematist, was then Chairman of the Department of Mollusks (later Malacology). Thanks to his fund-raising skills, the Pilsbry Chair of Malacology became 2½-legged from private sources, a real triumph (Scheu, 1955; Harasewych, 1997). Virgina Orr (later Maes) was his assistant, in effect a collection manager (Robertson, 1987b). She was a superb curator, went on many of the expeditions to the IndoPacific and elsewhere, and did excellent biologically-oriented research. They both gave me every encouragement. The great Henry A. Pilsbry was still alive (Clench and Turner, 1962), and I was able to have a tenminute talk with him (until he got bored, wanting to get back to his writing). I successfully completed a study of Cantharus systematics (Robertson, 1957c) during this visit. In the second half of that summer, I was at Woods Hole (Massachusetts), taking the marine invertebrate course at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL). I enjoyed the living animals although the marine fauna was not as spectacular as that on the West Coast. During a field trip, I found and yelled out about an ‘Odostomia,’ which brought me in touch with the great German malacologist Wulf Emmo Ankel, who happened to be along (Götting, 1984). Before and after that, he published distinguished research on Odostomia and other pyramidellids. This led to my first malacological paper with a biological slant (Robertson, 1957a). Although it is only a page and a half long, the great 160 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN Danish marine biologist Gunnar Thorson wrote a nice letter, urging me to continue such studies (Lemche, 1971). To this day, even if I do not always agree with Thorson, I am still studying pyramidellids. Harvard. Although in a sense my career had already started before graduate school, I went in the fall of 1956 to Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts) to study for my Ph.D. under William J. Clench, malacologist at the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ). I had much informal guidance also from Ruth D. Turner (see Johnson, 2003, on them both). I wanted to learn how to write a Johnsonia monograph, which I ultimately did. I found Turner stimulating, and Ernst Mayr, with whom I had some contact, unusually impressive. I found the Massachusetts winters extremely unpleasant, and the first one was made worse by the death of my mother in The Netherlands. Undergraduate physics, which I had managed to avoid at Stanford, was almost my undoing as well. In the summer of 1957 and much of the summer of 1958, I worked at the erstwhile Lerner Marine Laboratory (Bimini, Bahamas, run by the American Museum of Natural History [AMNH], New York City) (Fig. 2). I was in a group headed by Norman D. Newell (AMNH and Columbia University) studying the geology and descriptive marine ecology of the northwestern Great Bahama Bank (Newell et al., 1959). I identified marine mollusks and wrote habitat notes. As an interlude to my marine work while in graduate school, I was in the southern Bahamas, collecting land snails for Clench. In August and September 1958, in the company of my father and college friend Gus, and using a native sloop, we collected at the Acklins, Crooked, and Fortune Islands. In a paper late in a series on the land snails of different Figure 2. Robertson in Bimini, July 1958. (Robertson photo collection) · · 36 1 2018 island groups in the Bahamas, Clench (1963) worked up this collection, which is now at the MCZ. He named Plagioptycha scotti for Gus, and Microceramus (Spiroceramus) robertsoni for me. The latter was known only from one drilled (and cracked?) shell. My work in Bimini led to my Harvard Ph.D. thesis (Robertson, 1959). Although this was accepted, it was an ill-conceived, aborted study of the marine molluscan fauna and its ecology (a tall order!). Deservedly, it was never published although bits and pieces later led to short papers. My Bimini collection is now also at ANSP. I consider my phasianellid monograph in Johnsonia (Robertson, 1958a) to be my best Harvard accomplishment. I met my first wife, Marian Esther Ropes, when we were fellow lab instructors in elementary biology at Harvard. We were married October 3, 1959. My father and Gus attended the wedding, which was held in a church at Beverly, Massachusetts (her home town). We honeymooned at Rockport, Cape Ann, a lovely New England town frequented by fishermen and artists. Marian taught me to drive a Volkswagen bus given to us by her parents. ANSP. [R. Tucker Abbott of the Academy of Natural Sciences reportedly told Bill Clench to send Robertson to Philadelphia as soon as he completed his Ph.D.] In June of 1960, I started work at ANSP (Fig. 3). Marian and I had an apartment in West Philadelphia and I walked to work. Marian continued her research on mosses and we spent weekends in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, botanizing and photographing. We Figure 3. Robertson in 1960, the year that he joined the staff of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. (Robertson photo collection) ROBERT ROBERTSON BIOBIBLIOGRAPHY moved into a large Victorian house on Second Street in Moorestown, New Jersey. Later we bought a smaller Cape Cod on West Spruce on a large wooded lot backed up to Pompeston Creek. In December 1968, Pamela Lucinda Robertson (now Kaplan) was born and accompanied us on many field trips here and in the Bahamas. Tucker Abbott left ANSP in 1970 to become Curator of Mollusks at the new Delaware Museum of Natural History, and I became Curator, Head of the Department of Malacology, and recipient of the Pilsbry Chair at ANSP. I searched for a second malacologist and hired George M. Davis who was at the 406th Army Medical Laboratory in Japan doing research on schistosomiasis vectors. I was diagnosed with bipolar disease in 1972 and, at around the same time, Marian was diagnosed with breast cancer. Marian’s mother came to live with us as Marian declined. So those years were rather rocky. Marian died in hospital in 1975. George’s wife Harriet (née Hopkins, known to everyone as ‘Happy’) worked at ANSP on artwork, histology, photography, and research in Malacology. George and Happy had two daughters, Lynne (now of Spotsylvania, Virginia) and Julia (now of Spokane, Washington). George and Happy separated after her father died, and by the time of Marian’s death, they were divorced, and George had remarried. During the summer, all of the children—Pamela, Lynne, Julie, and Caryl Hesterman’s children Chris and Margaret—were all baby sat together while all of us ‘singles’ went to work at ANSP. [Caryl Hesterman was at that time a research assistant to George Davis]. In 1976, Happy went to work at the University of Pennsylvania and we started to date. In 1979, we went together to the World Symposium on Molluscs in Sydney, Australia. C. M. Yonge was there, and I gave a paper. After the meeting, we spent two weeks on Lizard Island with many attendees and I collected 365 lots from the Great Barrier Reef for the Academy alcohol collection. I married Happy on April 12, 1980, and we put an addition on her house in Haddonfield, New Jersey, so that all three girls could have their own rooms. I continued my research at ANSP while Happy stopped working to blend our two families. All three daughters graduated from college in four years. Pamela was valedictorian of her high school class and got a full scholarship to Drew University, where she graduated cum laude. Julie went to Marietta College, her mother and father’s alma mater, and did her student teaching in New Zealand. Lynne went to Hood College and graduated magna cum laude with a degree in teaching. Happy volunteered with American Brittany Rescue, taught horseback riding, and did oil painting. Academy Career Robertson worked at only one institution during his entire career. Hired by R. Tucker Abbott as Assistant Curator of ANSP Malacology in 1960, he stepped up to Associate Curator with tenure in 1965, and Curator in 1976. He held the Pilsbry Chair of Malacology from 1969 until 1972. He took early retirement on disability in 1988, at that point becoming Emeritus Curator. Throughout his retirement years, he maintained a small office at ANSP and returned frequently to work on manuscripts, use the library and collection, and converse with colleagues. He and Happy delighted in attending special events to meet new staff and guest lecturers. Robertson was a co-founder of Malacologia (ISSN 00762997), a peer-reviewed journal focused on the study of mollusks that is published by the Institute of Malacology. He was a Sponsor Member (Trustee) of the Institute from 1961 to 161 1988; publication began in 1962. He served as President of the Institute from 1973 to 1975, and co-Editor in Chief (with George Davis) from 1977 to 1988. He became Emeritus Member of the Institute in 1988 and served in that capacity until the early 1990s. Robertson was a passionate field biologist, collecting and working at marine laboratories in New Jersey (1960 and thereafter); southern Florida (1960); British Honduras (now Belize, 1961; Fig. 4); Plymouth, England (1962); Swans Island, Maine (1967); Beaufort, North Carolina (1967, 1977); Pacific Grove, California (1969); Bermuda (1970); British Virgin Islands (1973); Gulf of California, Mexico (1975); Great Barrier Reef, Australia (1979); Barbados (1980), and the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003). In the first half of 1964, supported by the National Science Foundation, he participated in the International Indian Ocean Expedition in Gulf of Mannar, Cape Comorin, Cochin Harbour, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and the Maldive Islands on board the R/V Te Vega. A 1966 cruise aboard the R/V Atlantis II dredged abyssal depths from Bermuda to Woods Hole, Massachusetts. International meetings and workshops also comprised a large part of his professional activities, in London (1962), Geneva (1971), Rovinj, Yugoslavia (now Croatia, 1971, 1973), Lyon, France (1973), Milan (1974), and Sydney (1979). Robertson was the recipient of research grants from the National Science Foundation for his work on Architectonicidae, Epitoniidae, and Pyramidellidae in 1969−1971 and 1977−1980. He was also a co-recipient on two major collection improvement grants to support the Academy’s growing collections in 1972−1977 and 1980−1982. Over the course of his 28-year tenure at ANSP, Robertson contributed over 10,000 specimen lots to the collection. Figure 4. Robertson sorting dredge samples collected by the R/V Vickey, off Punta Gorda, British Honduras (now Belize), August 1961. The ship was so crowded that Robertson chose to sort his samples in the dinghy being towed behind the ship. (Courtesy of H. Robertson) 162 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN His roots in the Bahamas played an important role in his later years. Following retirement, he embarked on a book project on the ‘Marine Mollusks of the Bahamas’ with Jack Worsfold and Colin Redfern. During the 1990s, he visited the Delaware Museum of Natural History weekly to work on various aspects of the book; he was awarded a Research Associate position at DMNH in 1995. Although much to his disappointment, it was never published in book form, portions of the text resulted in several natural history accounts (e.g., Robertson, 2003a, 2007a). Although not exclusively malacological, Robertson was honored to contribute an invited chapter to the tercentennial publication for Mark Catesby, an English naturalist who studied and collected the flora and fauna of the southern colonies and the Bahamas from 1712−1726 (Robertson, 2011a, 2015). Professional Activities Robert Robertson joined the American Malacological Union (now Society) early in his career; he first appears in the published membership list in 1953 (AMU, 1953: 49, as “General Delivery, Stanford, Calif. Taxonomy, Polynesian mollusks”) while he was an undergraduate student. His first meeting was with the Pacific Division in 1955 at Asilomar, California. He first appears in an AMU group photo at the annual meeting at Yale University in 1957 during his graduate years at Harvard (Fig. 5). He remained an active member of AMU/ AMS for the remainder of his life; even when too ill to attend a meeting, he would eagerly devour the program and stories brought to him by colleagues. He served as Councilor-atLarge in 1967 and 1969, and on the Auditing Committee in 1968. He organized a symposium in 1970 at the Key West meeting entitled ‘Biological Systematics of Marine Bivalves and Gastropods,’ which included nine presented papers. He began his climb to the society’s highest office as Vice President in 1982. In 1983, as President Elect, he organized a workshop (with Stuart Lillico) on ‘Malacological Publications, Amateur and Professional.’ He served as an associate editor of the American Malacological Bulletin from its inception in 1983 until 1988. As President of AMU in 1984, Robertson organized his annual meeting at the Holiday Inn Waterside in Norfolk, Virginia (Fig. 6). He chose this venue not for any professional connection, but on the advice of a colleague who suggested it was a good place to hold a meeting, with a supportive shell club to assist. The Norfolk meeting was the fiftieth annual meeting of the Society, held July 22–27. The National Capital Shell Club and Philadelphia Shell Club served as co-hosts. The meeting logo (Fig. 7) was of the pyramidellid gastropod Fargoa bartschi (Winkley, 1909) with its spermatophore, an original camera lucida drawing by Robertson of one of his active research subjects. From a membership of 656 that year, there were 180 attendees at the meeting, and 89 papers and · · 36 1 2018 Figure 5. Graduate-student Robertson (left) with (left to right) William K. Emerson, Joseph C. Bequaert, and William J. Clench (Robertson’s advisor), at the AMU meeting at Yale University, 1957. All four served as presidents of AMU (Clench - 1935, Bequaert - 1954, Emerson 1962, Robertson - 1984). (AMS archives) 8 posters presented. There were symposia on larval ecology and on the physiological ecology of freshwater mollusks, and Robertson himself organized a special session, ‘Malacological Medley,’ with invited lectures on diverse topics. Other highlights of Robertson’s meeting were workshops on the molluscan fauna of Virginia and the Carolinas and on studying veliger larvae, an auction of shells and books, commercial and noncommercial exhibits, an identification clinic, and a meeting of taxonomists working on the Dominican Republic Paleontology Project. Four field trips were offered, to a Pliocene fossil pit, collecting veligers, marine dredging in Lower Chesapeake Bay, and freshwater collecting. Robertson served on Council among the many living Past Presidents in 1985 and 1986. In 1987, when AMU reduced the size of Council by limiting the number of Past Presidents Figure 6. The official meeting group photo at Robertson’s AMU meeting in Norfolk, July 1984. Robertson is front and center, with his wife Happy at his right. (AMS archives) ROBERT ROBERTSON BIOBIBLIOGRAPHY 163 Personal Life Robertson had many interests outside of malacology. Dating back to his youth, he enjoyed flowering plant taxonomy and photography. He loved listening to, and sharing, Renaissance, classical, calypso, Andean, Indian, and world music. Romance languages also held serious interest; he took a course in conversational French and attended a French club lunch well into his retirement years. He also enjoyed art history, film (especially anything set in places that he had visited), and current world events. The home that he shared with Happy in Haddonfield, New Jersey, was often offered to long-term visitors, including international newcomers to the Academy community. Family too was important, especially his cousin Julia from England and his eight grandchildren (Elijah, Izador, Aiden, Timothy, Rebecca, Jonathan, Neil, and Dean). Robertson became a naturalized U. S. citizen on July 14, 1995. He celebrated by wearing red, white, and blue suspenders. Figure 7. The logo of Robertson’s AMU meeting in Norfolk, 1984, featuring a pyramidellid gastropod with its spermatophore, appeared on the meeting program and T-shirt. The art was based on a camera lucida drawing by Robertson himself. to actively serve, Robertson was one of three ‘Immediate Past Presidents’ elected. He was awarded an Honorary Life Membership in 1997. At AMU/AMS and other professional meetings, Robertson was a familiar figure taking photographs, amassing a slide collection of nearly every malacologist he ever met. This ‘Rogues Gallery,’ begun in 1960, included many so-called ‘growth series’ (photos of various malacologists over the course of many years) and ultimately included more than 1,000 slides. He presented selected photos in a talk entitled ‘A collection of photos of world malacologists’ in a History of Malacology symposium at the AMS Pittsburgh meeting in 2011. Selected photos were displayed at the AMS meeting at Cherry Hill, New Jersey, in 2012. The collection will ultimately be deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (ANSP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Robertson joined the Philadelphia Shell Club in 1955, just two years after its founding. He enjoyed interacting with conchologists and often presented programs at their monthly meetings at ANSP. In a Facebook posting shortly after his death, the club members wrote “Many of us got to know him over the years as an accomplished systematist, an honorary Bahamian and a great supporter of the COA [Conchologists of America] and AMS, but most importantly as the kindest and most humorous of people.” PUBLICATIONS OF ROBERT ROBERTSON Robertson’s publications span a very wide range of outlets. They include general scientific and biological outlets such as Science and Biological Bulletin, malacological journals such as The Nautilus, Malacologia, and American Malacological Bulletin, serials of his home institution such as Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and Tryonia (where he coauthored ANSP type specimen catalogs), to popular periodicals engaging the shell collecting world such as Hawaiian Shell News and American Conchologist. Over the life of his career, Robertson published on numerous taxonomic groups, mostly in the marine gastropods, including families Buccinidae, Cerithiidae, Columbellidae, Conidae, Muricidae, Rissoellidae, Strombidae, Trochidae, Turbinidae. However, four families were explored over the course of his entire career and form most of his published work. His species-level monographic work focused on the family Phasianellidae and included authoritative treatments of this group in Johnsonia, Indo-Pacific Mollusca, and Monographs of Marine Mollusca, and other serials (1958a, 1959a, 1973b, 1977, 1985a, 2010b). Pyramidellidae was the topic of both his first formal malacological paper (1957a) and also his last (2012c). Robertson explored the host relationships in this group of parasitic snails, their larval ecology, their reproductive biology (especially their spermatophores) and aspects of their heterostrophic larval shell morphology (also 1973a, 1978, 1979b, 1986c, 1996e, 2012a, b). Another part of his long-term studies was directed at Epitoniidae, the cnidarian-associated wentletraps that he mostly explored in the Bahamas. There 164 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN his focus was on their feeding biology and coral association (1963g, 1981b), their life histories and postlarval growth (1981d, 1983c, 1983d, 1983e, 1984), and he explored variable morphological shell characters such as shell rib counts and protoconch size in the context of their use taxonomic characters (1983a, 1994b). Many other papers dealt with taxonomic and other topics of this family (1958b, 1965a, 1994c, d, 1997a, 2001, 2005c). The same key topics are mirrored in Robertson’s extensive work on Architectonicidae. These include publications on the hyperstrophic growth of the larval shell (1963e, 1964b), larval dispersal and species distributions (1964a, 1970a, 1973c, 1976b, c, e, 1979c), feeding biology (1967a), and reproduction (1970c). Robertson’s deep knowledge of these groups then provided the background for more general contributions. His parallel observations on Epitoniidae, Architectonicidae, and other groups led to publications on predation and parasitism in corals and other cnidarians (1966a, 1970b). His discussion of Architectonicidae as a group “combining prosobranch and opisthobranch traits” (1974: 215) foreshadowed much of the following exploration of ‘lower heterobranch’ gastropods in the 1980s, to which he fundamentally contributed with his works on “four characters and the higher category systematics of gastropods” (1985b) and his review of spermatophores and spernatozeugmata in aquatic nonstylommatophoran gastropods (1989b, 2007b). His insight into gastropod reproductive modes was brought to bear in a discussion of poecilogeny (1988, with Elaine Hoagland); and his observations of heterostrophic shell growth in groups such as Pyramidellidae and Architectonicidae led to his keen interest in coiling patterns and shell handedness (1993, 2003b). Although Robertson usually published alone and, in his museum-based setting, engaged minimally in formal student training (serving on only one Ph.D. committee, that of M. G. ‘Jerry’ Harasewych at University of Delaware, 1982), his work had profound influence on others. This is particularly true for his work on the Achitectonicidae. Arthur Merrill (with whom he coauthored a paper on abnormal coiling in 1963a) and one of us (RB, with whom he published a note in 1989a, coincidentally again on abnormal coiling) both ultimately wrote doctoral dissertations on this family. Both Merrill’s (1970) studies on the Atlantic members of this family and RB’s on the Indo-Pacific fauna (e.g., Bieler, 1993) were triggered and fundamentally guided by Robertson’s pioneering work. Likewise, a strong mutual influence existed with the larval dispersal work of Rudolf Scheltema (e.g., Scheltema, 1968, 1983), and with whom Robert coauthored a paper on feeding, larval dispersal, and metamorphosis in the architectonicid genus Philippia (1970a). He will be missed. · · 36 1 2018 THE PUBLICATIONS OF ROBERT ROBERTSON Note: In the following list, NT denotes new taxa described in that publication. 1952. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Polynésie Française, 1ère Partie, Fougères et Lypocodiales [sic]. Bulletin de la Société des Études Océaniennes [Papeete, Tahiti] 8(98/99): 371−406. 1953. Collecting marine shells in Tahiti. American Malacological Union, Annual Report 1953: 20. 1954. Systematics of the Conidae. Including: suggested subgeneric allocations of Recent West American Conidae. American Malacological Union, Annual Report 1954: 24. 1955. A proposed checklist of the West Indian marine mollusks. American Malacological Union, Annual Report 1955 [Bulletin 22]: 31−32. 1957a. Gastropod host of an Odostomia. The Nautilus 70(3): 96−97. 1957b. Publication dates of Troschel’s ‘Das Gebiss der Schnecken.’ The Nautilus 70(4): 136−138. 1957c. A study of Cantharus multangulus (Philippi), with notes on Cantharus and Pseudoneptunea (Gastropoda: Buccinidae). Notulae Naturae (300): 1−10. 1957d. The subgenus Halopsephus Rehder, with notes on the western Atlantic species of Turbo and the subfamily Bothropomatinae Thiele. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 47(9): 316−319. [September 1957] NT 1958a. The family Phasianellidae in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia 3(37): 245−283, pls. 136−148. [8 May 1958] NT 1958b. The family Stenacmidae. The Nautilus 72(2): 68−69. [by RR and K. Oyama] 1959a. The family Phasianellidae in the western Atlantic (supplement). Johnsonia 3(39): 344−346. 1959d. Observations on the spawn and veligers of conchs (Strombus) in the Bahamas. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 33(4): 164−171, pl. 11. 1960. Family Phasianellidae. Page I274, in Moore, R. C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part I, Mollusca I. Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. [by A. M. Keen and RR] 1960. The mollusk fauna of Bahamian mangroves. American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1959 [Bulletin 26]: 22−23. 1961a. The feeding of Strombus and related herbivorous marine gastropods: With a review and field observations. Notulae Naturae (343): 1−9. 1961b. The natural history of some marine mollusks in the Bahama Islands. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Shell Club 1(5): 1−5. ROBERT ROBERTSON BIOBIBLIOGRAPHY 1961c. Review of pyramidellid hosts, with notes on an Odostomia parasitic on a chiton. The Nautilus 74(3): 85−90, pls. 5−6. [by RR and V. Orr] 1961d. A second western Atlantic Rissoella and a list of the species in the Rissoellidae. The Nautilus 74(4): 131−136, pl. 9. [April 1961] NT 1961e. A second western Atlantic Rissoella and a list of the species in the Rissoellidae (concluded from April no.). The Nautilus 75(1): 21−26. 1961f. Short notes on collecting: Collecting minute mollusks from marine algae. In: R. T. Abbott, ed., How to Collect Shells: A Symposium, 2nd Edition. American Malacological Union, Marinette, Wisconsin. Pp. 10−11. 1962a. Comments on the proposed use of the Plenary Powers to suppress the generic name Pupa Röding, 1798. ZN(S)581. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 19(5): 258−259. 1962b. The status of Strombus canaliculatus. The Nautilus 75(4): 128−130, pls. [11], 12−13. 1962b. Supplementary notes on the Rissoellidae (Gastropoda). Notulae Naturae (352): 2 pp. 1962c. Taxonomic addendum. In C. M. Yonge, On the biology of the mesogastropod Trichotropis cancellata Hinds, a benthic indicator species. Biological Bulletin 122(1): 179. 1962d. Vanikoro Quoy and Gaimard, 1832 (Mollusca, Gastropoda); proposed validation under the Plenary Powers. Z. N.(S.) 1524. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 19(5): 332−336. 1963a. Abnormal dextral hyperstrophy of post-larval Heliacus (Gastropoda: Architeconicidae [sic]). The Veliger 6(2): 76−79, pls. 13−14. [by RR and A. S. Merrill] 1963b. Bathymetric and geographic distribution of Panopea bitruncata. The Nautilus 76(3): 75−82. 1963c. Brachystyloma Weisbord a synonym of Anachis H. and A. Adams (Columbellidae). The Nautilus 77(1): 32. 1963d. Further comments on the name of the type-species of Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 20(1): 11−14. 1963e. The hyperstrophic larval shells of the Architectonicidae. American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1963 [Bulletin 30]: 11−12. 1963f. The mollusks of British Honduras. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Shell Club 1(7): 15−20. 1963g. Wentletraps (Epitoniidae) feeding on sea anemones and corals. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 35(2/3): 51−63, pls. 5−7. 1964a. Dispersal and wastage of larval Philippia krebsii (Gastropoda: Architectonicidae) in the North Atlantic. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 116(1): 1−27. 165 1964b. The hyperstrophic larval shells of the Architectonicidae. American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1963: 11−12. 1964c. Purple sea snail. BioScience 14(1): 63. 1965a. Alexania replaces Habea (Epitoniidae). The Nautilus 78(4): 140−141. [by RR and T. Habe] 1965b. A spiny Murex. [Academy] Frontiers 29(4): 100−103. 1966a. Clam-toting turtle. ASB [Association of Southeastern Biologists] Bulletin 13(3): 66. [by R. R. Grant and RR] 1966b (‘1965’). Coelenterate-associated prosobranch gastropods. American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1965 [Bulletin 32]: 6−8. 1967a. Heliacus (Gastropoda: Architectonicidae) symbiotic with Zoanthiniaria (Coelenterata). Science 156(3772): 246−248. 1967b (‘1966’). The life history of Odostomia bisuturalis, and Odostomia spermatophores (Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae). Year Book of the American Philosophical Society 1966: 368−370. 1968a (‘1966’). The Conidae (Gastropoda) of the Maldive and Chagos archipelagoes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 8(2): 273−277. [by A. J. Kohn and RR] 1968b. A holoplanktonic, tropical marine gastropod (heteropod) of the genus Atlanta. BioScience 18(10): [caption to cover photo]. 1968c (‘1967’). Hosts, spermatophores, and the systematics of five east American species of Odostomia, s.l. (Pyramidellidae). American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1967: 12−13. 1969. On some molluscs collected from southwest Ceylon during the International Indian Ocean Expedition, 1964. Spolia Zeylanica 31(2): 1−8. 1970a. The feeding, larval dispersal, and metamorphosis of Philippia (Gastropoda: Architectonicidae). Pacific Science 24(1): 55−65. [by RR, R. S. Scheltema, and F. W. Adams] 1970b. Review of the predators and parasites of stony corals, with special reference to symbiotic prosobranch gastropods. Pacific Science 24(1): 43−54. 1970c. Systematics of Indo-Pacific Philippia (Psilaxis), architectonicid gastropods with eggs and young in the umbilicus. Pacific Science 24(1): 66−83. 1971a (‘1970’). Biological systematics of marine bivalves and gastropods. American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1970 [Bulletin 37]: 62−63. 1971b. [Reprinted application and comments in] R. V. Melville, The question of the generic name Vanikoro Quoy and Gaimard, 1832 (class Gastropoda). Z. N. (S.) 1524. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 27(5/6): 238−245. 1971c. Scanning electron microscopy of planktonic larval marine gastropod shells. The Veliger 14(1): 1−12, pls. 1−9. 166 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN 1971d (‘1970’). Sexually dimorphic archaeogastropods and radulae. American Malacological Union, Annual Reports 1970 [Bulletin 37]: 75−78. 1972. Book review: Wonders of the World of Shells: Sea, Land and Freshwater, by Morris K. Jacobson and William K. Emerson, 1971. [Academy] Frontiers 36(5): 29. [by B. Jones and RR] 1973a. Cyclostremella: A planispiral pyramidellid. The Nautilus 87(3): 88. 1973b. The genus Gabrielona (Phasianellidae) in the IndoPacific and West Indies. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 3(14): 41−61, pls. 36−59. [30 May 1973] NT 1973c. On the fossil history and intrageneric relationships of Philippia (Gastropoda: Architectonicidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125(2): 37−46. 1974a (‘1973’). The biology of the Architectonicidae, gastropods combining prosobranch and opisthobranch traits. Malacologia (Proceedings of the Fourth European Malacological Congress) 14: 215−220. 1974b. Collecting minute mollusks from marine algae. In: M. K. Jacobson, ed., How to Study & Collect Shells (a Symposium), 4th Edition. American Malacological Union, [place of publication not specified]. Pp. 10−11. 1975a. Systematic list of commonly occurring marine mollusks of Belize. In: K. F. Wantland and W. C. Pusey III, eds., Belize Shelf-Carbonate Sediments, Clastic Sediments, and Ecology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology, 2. Pp. 40−52. 1975b (‘1973’). Taxonomic problems with Indo-Pacific Tricolia (Phasianellidae). American Malacological Union, Bulletin for 1973: 26. 1976a. Book review: Land Snail Biology: Pulmonates, Vol. 1, Functional Anatomy and Physiology, Vera Fretter and J. Peake, eds., Academic Press, New York, 1975. Science 192(4239): 547. 1976b. Faunal affinities of the Architectonicidae in the eastern Pacific. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union for 1975: 51. 1976c. Heliacus trochoides: An Indo-West-Pacific architectonicid newly found in the eastern Pacific (mainland Ecuador). The Veliger 19(1): 13−18. 1976d. Malacology. [Academy] Frontiers 41(1): 39. [news on pyramidellid grant] 1976e (‘1974’). Marine prosobranch gastropods: Larval studies and systematics. Thalassia Jugoslavia (Proceedings of Conference on Marine Invertebrate Larvae, Rovinj, Yugoslavia) 10(1/2): 213−238. 1976f. The origin of pulmonate land snails. Science 193(4249): 251. [correction to 1976a] 1977 (‘1974’). Etude taxonomique du sous-genre Hiloa dans l’Indo-Pacifique (Gastropoda: Phasianellidae, genre Tricolia). Haliotis 4(1/2): 141−142. · · 36 1 2018 1978. Spermatophores of six eastern North American pyramidellid gastropods and their systematic significance (with the new genus Boonea). Biological Bulletin 155(2): 360−382. [October 1978] NT 1979a. Catalog of the chiton types of the ANSP. Tryonia 1: 1-60, [by G. M. Davis, RR, and M. Miller] 1979b. The ectoparasitism of Boonea and Fargoa (Gastropoda: Pyramidellidae). Biological Bulletin 157(2): 320−333. [by RR and T. Mau-Lastovicka] 1979c. Philippia (Psilaxis) radiata: Another Indo-west-Pacific architectonicid newly found in the eastern Pacific (Colombia). The Veliger 22(2): 191−193. 1980a. Gastropods symbiotic with zoanthinarian sea anemones. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union for 1980: 69. 1980b. The genus Tricolia (Archaeogastropoda: Phasianellidae) in Australia. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 4(4): 258−259. 1981a. Catalog of the types of neontological Mollusca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Pt. 2. Gastropoda, Archaeogastropoda: Pleurotomariacea, Fissurellacea, Patellacea. Tryonia 5: 48 pp. [by RR, L. Richardson, G. M. Davis, and A. E. Bogan] 1981b (‘1980’). Epitonium millecostatum and Coralliophila clathrata: Two prosobranch gastropods symbiotic with Indo-Pacific Palythoa (Coelenterata: Zoanthidae). Pacific Science 34(1): 1−17. 1981c. List of shell-bearing mollusks observed and collected at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Tryonia 4: 1−32. 1981d. Protandry with only one sex change in an Epitonium (Ptenoglossa). The Nautilus 95(4): 184−186. 1983a. Axial shell rib counts as systematic characters in Epitonium. The Nautilus 97(3): 116−118. 1983b. Catalog of the types of neontological Mollusca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Pt. 3. Gastropoda, Archaeogastropoda: Trochacea: Trochidae, Stomatellidae. Tryonia 7: 1−90. [by RR, L. Richardson, G. M. Davis, and A. E. Bogan] 1983c. Extraordinarily rapid postlarval growth of a tropical wentletrap (Epitonium albidum). The Nautilus 97(2): 60−66. 1983d. Observations on the life history of the wentletrap Epitonium albidum in the West Indies. American Malacological Bulletin 1: 1−11. 1983e. Observations on the life history of the wentletrap Epitonium echinaticostum [sic] in the Bahamas. The Nautilus 97(3): 98−103. 1984. Golden wentletraps on golden corals. Hawaiian Shell News 32(11): 1, 4. [by RR and P. L. Schutt] 1985a. Archaeogastropod biology and the systematics of the genus Tricolia (Trochacea: Tricoliidae) in the IndoWest-Pacific. Monographs of Marine Mollusca (3): 1−103, 96 pls. [12 July 1985] NT ROBERT ROBERTSON BIOBIBLIOGRAPHY 1985b. Four characters and the higher category systematics of gastropods. American Malacological Bulletin special edition 1 (Perspectives in Malacology Honoring Professor Melbourne R. Carriker): 1−22. 1986a. A. Myra Keen (1905−1986): A brief biography and malacological evaluation. Malacologia 27(2): 375−382. 1986b. Catalog of the types of neontological Mollusca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Pt. 4. Gastropoda, Archaeogastropoda: Trochacea (concluded), Neritacea (sensu lato). Tryonia 14: ii + 153 pp. [by RR, L. Richardson, G. M. Davis, and A. E. Bogan] 1986c. Pyramidellid larval ecology and systematics. Unitas Malacologica, Ninth International Malacological Congress, Edinburgh, Scotland … 1986: 72. 1987a. Anatomy and systematic position of Fastigiella carinata Reeve (Cerithiidae: Prosobranchia). The Nautilus 101(3): 101−110. [by R. S. Houbrick, RR, and R. T. Abbott] 1987b. Catalog of the types of neontological Mollusca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Pt. 5. Gastropoda, Archaeogastropoda: Cyclophoracea. Tryonia 15: ii + 140 pp. [by RR, L. Richardson, G. M. Davis, and A. E. Bogan] 1987c. Virginia Orr Maes (1920−1986): Biography and malacological bibliography. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 527−532. 1988. An assessment of poecilogony in marine invertebrates: Phenomenon or fantasy? Biological Bulletin 174: 109−125. [by K. E. Hoagland and RR] 1989a. [Another ‘sinistral’ architectonicid.] The Chiribotan [Newsletter of the Malacological Society of Japan] 20(3): 58−60. [in Japanese, by RR and R. Bieler] 1989b. Spermatophores of aquatic non-stylommatophoran gastropods: A review with new data on Heliacus (Architectonicidae). Malacologia 30(1/2): 341−364. 1990. Malacology or conchology? The Nautilus 104(4): 145−146. 1991a. Book review: Coomans, H. E., Antillean Seashells: The 19th Century Watercolours of Caribbean Molluscs Painted by Hendrik van Rijgersma. The Veliger 34(3): 315. 1991b. Malacologia o conchigliologia? Notiziario dalla Società Italiana di Malacologia 9(7): 117−119. [Italian translation of 1990] 1991c. Malacology or conchology? Of Sea & Shore 14(2): 91−92. [reprint of 1990] 1993. Snail handedness: The coiling directions of gastropods. National Geographic Research & Exploration 9(1): 104−119. 1994a. The natural history of some marine snails in the Bahama Islands. Bahamas Journal of Science 1(2): 17−21. [reprint of 1961b, with corrections and additions] 1994b. Protoconch size variation along depth gradients in a planktotrophic Epitonium. The Nautilus 107(4): 107−112. 167 1994c (‘1993’). Two new tropical western Atlantic species of Epitonium, with notes on similar global species and natural history. The Nautilus 107(3): 81−93. [2 February 1994] NT 1994d. Wentletrap egg capsules and veligers: What they are and how to see and study them. American Conchologist 22(4): 5−6. 1995a. Anachis veligers. American Conchologist 23(4): 19. 1995b. Bibliography of Bahamian land and freshwater mollusks. Bahamas Journal of Science 3(1): 34−35. 1995c. Epitonium spermatozeugmata. Epinet [Epitonium newsletter] 4(2): 3. 1996a. Bibliography of Bahamian land and freshwater mollusks: Addendum. Bahamas Journal of Science 3(2): 32. 1996b. Counting ribs. Epinet [Epitonium newsletter] 5(1): 1. 1996c. Dr. R. Tucker Abbott (1919−1995). Explore (ANSP) 2(2): 4. 1996d. Epitonium feeding. Epinet [Epitonium newsletter] 4(4): 1. 1996e. Fargoa bartschi (Winkley, 1909): A little-known Atlantic and Gulf coast American odostomian (Pyramidellidae) and its generic relationships. American Malacological Bulletin 13(1/2): 11−21. 1996f. Natural history of Physa, a sinistral fresh-water snail. American Conchologist 24(1): 8−9. 1997a. Alexania (Epitoniidae) in Texas, and parallels with Recluzia (Janthinidae). Texas Conchologist 34(1): 10−18. 1997b. Relationships: Epitonium & Janthina. Epinet [Epitonium newsletter] 5(2): 1. 2001. New Jersey Epitonium. American Conchologist 29(2): 20−21. [by J.-L. Goldberg and RR] 2003a. The edible West Indian ‘whelk’ Cittarium pica (Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 153(1): 27−47. 2003b. Snail coiling. American Conchologist 31(2): 4−9. 2004. Re-searching a non-whelk: Cittarium pica. American Conchologist 32(3): 26−27. 2005a. Close and closer looks at a Pedicularia (cowrie-relative) larval shell. American Conchologist 33(2): 3−5 [correction in American Conchologist 33(3): 2]. 2005b. Large conchs (Strombus) are endangered herbivores having many predators and needing dense populations of adults to reproduce successfully. American Conchologist 33(3): 3−7. 2005c. New Jersey Epitonium continued… American Conchologist 33(1): 19. [by J.-L. Goldberg and RR] 2005d. New strombid names and knowledge of inter-relationships. American Conchologist 33(4): 3. 2006a. Bivalved gastropods: Berthelinia and Julia (order Sacoglossa, family Juliidae). American Conchologist 34(1): 4−6. 168 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2006b. Bloodsucking pyramidellids. American Conchologist 34(4): 4−7. 2007a. Janthina: Floating Epitonium (wentletrap) relatives. American Conchologist 35(3): 4−9. 2007b. Taxonomic occurrences of gastropod spermatozeugmata and non-stylommatophoran spermatophores updated. American Malacological Bulletin 23(1): 11−16. 2008. Monoplacophora: Ancient fossils in the modern deep sea. American Paleontologist 16(4): 25−29. 2009. The Department of Malacology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. American Conchologist 37(1): 4−10. [by P. Callomon and RR] 2010a. The second Gulf of Mexico oil spill. American Paleontologist 18(3): 26−26. [by RR and H. Robertson] 2010b. A true Phasianella from the Middle Miocene (Badenian) central Paratethys of Romania (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 139(2): 247−253. 2011a. Catesby’s gallery: A trailblazing naturalist in the New World. Natural History February 2011: 32−37. 2011b. Cracking a queen conch (Strombus gigas), vanishing uses, and rare abnormalities. American Conchologist 39(3): 21−24. 2011c. New species discovered in the Pinelands. Inside the Pinelands 18(4): 4. [Vertigo malleata Coles and Nekola, 2007] 2012a. Pyramidellid protoconchs, eggs, embryos and larval ecology: An introductory survey. American Malacological Bulletin 30(2): 219–228. 2012b. B-type protoconchs and all three modes of larval development in eastern North American Boonea (Pyramidellid ae). American Malacological Bulletin 30(2): 229–246. 2012c. C-Type protoconchs and planktotrophy in small eastern North American Fargoa (Pyramidellidae). American Malacological Bulletin 30(2): 248–253. 2015. Mark Catesby’s Bahamian natural history (observed in 1725−1726). In: E. C. Nelson and D. J. Elliott, eds., The Curious Mister Catesby: A ‘Truly Ingenious’ Naturalist Explores New Worlds. University of Georgia Press, Athens. Pp. 127−140. NOTABLE UNPUBLISHED REPORTS BY ROBERT ROBERTSON 1959b. The Foods of Marine Prosobranch Gastropods. Unpublished report, 6 pp. [copy on file in Department of Malacology, ANSP] 1959b (December). Marine Mollusks of Bimini, Bahama Islands. Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. · · 36 1 2018 1966b. International Indian Ocean Expedition; U.S. Program in Biology; Maldive Islands: Summary Report on Mollusks Collected by Robert Robertson … 1964. Unpublished report, 25 + [2] pp. 1966c. International Indian Ocean Expedition; U.S. Program in Biology; Southern India: Summary Report on Mollusks Collected by Robert Robertson … 1964. Unpublished report, 29 + [1] pp. 2010c. Robert Robertson’s Mainly Malacological Life History Before ANSP (1934−1959) (Written by Him in July 2009, with Corrections in June 2010). Unpublished report, 12 pp. PUBLICATIONS ABOUT ROBERT ROBERTSON Abbott, R. T., ed., 1973. American Malacologists. Falls Church, Virginia, American Malacologists. [p. 419] Abbott, R. T., ed., 1987. Register of American Malacologists. Melbourne, Florida, American Malacologists. [p. 114] Callomon, P. and R. Robertson, 2009. The Department of Malacology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. American Conchologist 37(1): 4-10. [p. 6, portrait] Coan, E. V. 1983. Oral history project interview with Myra Keen, Professor Emeritus, Paleontology, Stanford University, September 1983. Tape and copy of 18-pp. transcript placed in Smithsonian Institution Archives. Produced by S. I. Archives with 20 pp. and photographs in plastic sleeves [portraits] [p. 17−18]. Coan, E. V. and A. R. Kabat. 2017. 2,400 Years of Malacology, 14th Edition. American Malacological Society. Available at: http://www.malacological.org/2004_malacology.html 28 February 2018. [p. 1057] D’Angiolini, R. 2015. Robert Robertson: One of Philadelphia’s finest. Xenophora [Newsletter of the Philadelphia Shell Club] 34(10): 1, 9−10 [reprinted in Xenophora 33(5): 5 pp.] Hartsock, M. A. 2013. Robert and Harriet Robertson. Academy Frontiers Fall 2013: 14. Johnson, R. I. 2006b. William J. Clench and Ruth D. Turner, with a personal perspective on the Department of Mollusks, Museum of Comparative Zoology. Sporadic Papers on Mollusks 3: 111−166. [p. 142] Peck, R. McC. and P. T. Stroud, 2012. A Glorious Enterprise: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and the Making of American Science. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. [p. 400] Poppe, G. T. and P. Poppe. 2018. Shellers from the Past and the Present: Robertson, Robert (PhD). Available at: https:// www.conchology.be/?t=9001&id=34270 10 February 2018. Shasky, D. R., 1980. Oral history interviews with S. Stillman Berry, malacologist. Interviews 1−2, 4, 7 May 1980. Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, DC. [pp. 43−46] ROBERT ROBERTSON BIOBIBLIOGRAPHY Turner, R. D. 1985. Obituary: William J. Clench, October 24, 1897−February 22, 1984. Malacological Review 18(1/2): 123−124. Available at: http://www.sciencenetwork.com/ turner/rdt-clench-bio.html 10 February 2018; includes a photograph of Clench with his graduate students, including RR, at the 1963 AMU meeting in Washington, DC. 169 Tricolia thalassicola Robertson, 1958a, Phasianellidae. Holotype from Johnnie’s Cay, Drunken Cays, Great Abaco Island, Bahamas (MCZ 213260). Currently accepted as Eulithidium thalassicola (Robertson, 1958). Turbo (Halopsephus) haraldi Robertson, 1957d, Turbinidae. Replacement name for Halosephus pulcher Rehder, 1943, non Turbo pulcher Reeve, 1842. Currently accepted as Turbo haraldi Robertson, 1957. TAXA NAMED BY ROBERT ROBERTSON TAXA NAMED FOR ROBERT ROBERTSON Abbreviations: ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; USNM, National Museum of Natural History (United States National Museum), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Boonea Robertson, 1978, Pyramidellidae. Type species: Jaminia seminuda C. B. Adams, 1839. Currently accepted as valid. Epitonium phymanthi Robertson, 1994c, Epitoniidae. Holotype from southeastern Florida, Bear Cut, Miami, Florida (ANSP 391939. Currently accepted as valid. Epitonium worsfoldi Robertson, 1994c, Epitoniidae. Holotype from Smith’s Point, Grand Bahama, Bahamas (ANSP 391939/A17192). Currently accepted as valid. Gabrielona pisinna Robertson, 1973b, Phasianellidae. Holotype from Récif Ricaudy, near Noumea, New Caledonia (ANSP 301611). Currently accepted as valid. Gabrielona raunana goubini Robertson, 1973b, Phasianellidae. Holotype from Lifou, Loyalty Islands (Dautzenberg Collection at the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels). Currently accepted as valid. Gabrielona sulcifera Robertson, 1973b, Phasianellidae. Holotype from English Harbour, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda (USNM 500636). Currently accepted as valid. Rissoella galba Robertson, 1961e, Rissoellidae. Holotype from northwestern end of South Bimini, Bahamas (MCZ 221105). Currently accepted as valid. Tricolia affinis beaui Robertson, 1958a, Phasianellidae. Holotype from Bathsheba, Barbados (MCZ 215664). Currently accepted as Eulithidium beaui (Robertson, 1958). Tricolia affinis cruenta Robertson, 1958a, Phasianellidae. Holotype from Bahia do Flamengo, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, MCZ 215666. Currently accepted as Eulithidium affine (C. B. Adams, 1850). Tricolia affinis pterocladica Robertson, 1958a, Phasianellidae. Holotype from Boynton Beach, Florida (MCZ 215662). Currently accepted as Eulithidium pterocladicum (Robertson, 1958). Tricolia ios Robertson, 1985a, Phasianellidae. Holotype from northeast of Mogadishu, Federal Republic of Somalia (ANSP 295535). Currently accepted as valid. Aperiovula robertsoni C. N. Cate, 1973, Ovulidae. Currently accepted as Quasisimnia robertsoni (Cate, 1973). Elachisina robertsoni Kay, 1979, Elachisinidae. Currently accepted as valid. Favartia robertsoni D’Attilio and Myers, 1986, Muricidae. Currently a synonym of Favartia brevicula (G. B. Sowerby II, 1834). Macromphalina robertsoni Rolán and Rubio, 1998, Tornidae. Currently accepted as valid. Microceramus (Spiroceramus) robertsoni Clench, 1963, Urocoptidae. Currently accepted as Insulaceramus robertsoni (Clench, 1963). Miralda robertsoni Regteren Altena, 1975, Pyramidellidae. Currently accepted as Iolaea robertsoni (van Regteren Altena, 1975). Rissoella confusa robertsoni Ponder and Yoo, 1977, Rissoellidae. Currently accepted as valid. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank the following: Harriet ‘Happy’ Robertson (for access to Robert’s files and photographs, and her memories), Paul Callomon (for access to ANSP photographs and records, and the AMS archives at ANSP), and Tim Pearce and Gary Rosenberg (for opinions on landsnail taxonomy). LITERATURE CITED Allen, J. A. 1987. Obituary: Sir Maurice Yonge … 1899−1986. Journal of Molluscan Studies 53(1): 117−119. American Malacological Union (AMU). 1953. American Malacological Union and American Malacological Union, Pacific Division, Annual Report, December 31, 1953. Privately published. Bieler, R. 1993. Architectonicidae of the Indo-Pacific (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 30: 1−376. Cate, C. N. 1973. A systematic revision of the recent Cypraeid family Ovulidae. The Veliger 15(supplement): 1−117. 170 AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN Clench, W. J. 1963. Land and freshwater mollusks of the Crooked Island group, Bahamas. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 128(8): 393−413, pls. 1−3. Clench, W. J. and R. D. Turner. 1962. New names introduced by H. A. Pilsbry in the Mollusca and Crustacea. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Publication 4: [i−iii], 1−218. D’Attilio, A. and B. W. Myers. 1986. Favartia brevicula (Sowerby, 1834) and two new species of Favartia from the western Pacific (Gastropoda: Muricidae). The Nautilus 100(2): 78−84. Dautzenberg, P. and J. L. Bouge. 1933. Les mollusques testacés marins des Établissements Français de l’Océanie. Journal de Conchyliologie 77(1): 41−108; 77(2): 145−326; 77(3): 351−469. Drake del Castillo, E. 1893. Flore de la Polynésie Française; description des plantes vasculaires qui croissant spontanément ou qui sont généralement cultivées aux Iles de la Société … Marquise, Pomotou [Tuamotus], Gambier et Wallis. G. Masson, Paris. Götting, K. J. 1984 [‘1983’]. Wulf Emmo Ankel (1897−1983). 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