The Watermills of John Lucas: Part 3
Pam Forbes
Greg Jackson
Authors Note: The number of images that can be included in this article is naturally
limited and many of them are hard to interpret in black and white so all the images in this
article as well as some extras can be viewed or downloaded from:
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/85728880/Woronora-Mill-Images.doc
Depending on your internet speed this download may take a little while.
This is the third article covering covered the history of John Lucas and his watermills. In
this article Lucas’ Woronora Mill, built in 1825 and its archaeology is discussed.
The Woronora Mill site is a steep valley on the Woronora River below the Pass of
Sabugal and about 60 meters upstream from the extent of navigation. The mill was on the
rivers south eastern bank with the dam extending across the river.
Latitude: 34.045753°S Longitude: 151.007679°E
NSW Department of Land and Property Information (SIX) 2012
The isolated Woronora Mill site is largely uncontaminated by later development. The
location of the site has long been subject to speculation by local historians such as
Cridland (1924:131) and Curbie (2004:25) but the location remained unknown or at least
unreported until recently and is undisturbed by human activity It has however been
largely destroyed by natural forces.
Description:
Causeway, Pass
of Sabugal
Woronora mill site
The site is in a steep valley with residential development currently restricted to the ridge
tops. The surrounding vegetation is open woodland. There is a fire trail that provides
public access upstream at the Pass of Sabugal. A large Water Board supply pipe from
Woronora Dam runs above the site on the southern bank of the river. The river is
navigable for small boats to approximately 60m below the dam site. The aerial map
above shows the mill site on a large, rough but level shelf of bedrock on the south eastern
bank of the Woronora River. Access to the site is provided either by
From the north side, walking down the Water Board access track shown on the
aerial photo. This track approximately follows Mitchell’s 1843 road from Sir
Thomas Mitchell Drive in the suburb of Barden Ridge.
From the south side, walking down the track leading from the end of Woronora
Road.
By boat up the Woronora to the extent of navigation.
On reaching the causeway, at the Pass of Sabugal, a bush track leads on the northern side
to the mill site along the north western riverbank. High water levels may cover some of
the archaeological features show on the site plan as well as making the crossing of the
river unsafe.
How the site was located:
On 18 May 1843 Major Sir Thomas Mitchell, then NSW Surveyor General, wrote to the
Governor describing the “direct line of road to the Illawarra” that he had surveyed and
was being built. A photocopy of this letter numbered 43/161 was located in the Local
Studied Section of the Sutherland Library (the original is in the State Archives). The
letter states, ‘It will be obvious from the accompanying map that the River Woronora
which is navigable for boats to Lucas’ Mill Dam, (at A)…’ and the ‘Punt proposed on the
Georges River’ at B’. The map mentioned was subsequently located in the State Library
of NSW and the relevant part of the map is shown below.
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