" JAPAN" MADE BY

“ JAPAN” MADE BY : ERIKA HARDIYANTI (2201772831) LI21-MANAGEMENT BINA NUSANTARA UNIVERSITY 2019 INTRODUCTION Japan is an archipelago in East Asia. It is located at the western end of the Pacific Ocean, east of the Sea of ​​Japan, and adjacent to the People's Republic of China, Korea and Russia. The northernmost islands are in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, and the southernmost region consists of groups of small islands in the East China Sea, south of Okinawa which is adjacent to Taiwan. Japan consists of 6,852 islands and makes it an archipelago. The main islands from north to south are Hokkaido, Honshu (largest island), Shikoku, and Kyushu. About 97% of Japan's land area is on its largest island. Most of the islands in Japan are mountainous, and most are volcanoes. The highest mountain in Japan is Mount Fuji, which is a volcano. The Japanese population spends 128 million people, and is ranked as the 10th most populous country in the world. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, and is located as a prefecture. Tokyo is the name for Tokyo and several cities in the surrounding prefecture. As the largest metropolitan area in the world, Tokyo Raya has a population of more than 30 million people. According to traditional mythology, Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu in the 7th century BC. Emperor Jimmu started a chain of Japanese monarchies that has not been broken until now. Even so, throughout its history, for most of the time real power was in the hands of courtiers, shoguns, the military, and into modern times, in the hands of the prime minister. According to the Japanese Constitution of 1947, Japan was a constitutional monarchy under the leadership of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Parliament. As a developed country in the economic field, Japan has the second largest gross domestic product after the United States, and ranks in the top three in the balance of purchasing ability. Japan is a member of the United Nations, G8, OECD and APEC. Japan has adequate military power with modern defense systems such as AEGIS and a large fleet of destroyers. In foreign trade, Japan is ranked as the 4th largest exporting country and ranks the 6th largest importer in the world. As a developed country, the Japanese population has a high standard of living (ranked 8th in the Human Development Index) and the highest life expectancy in the world according to UN estimates. In the field of technology, Japan is a developed country in the field of telecommunications, machinery, and robotics. ETIMOLOGY Japan is called Nippon or Nihon in Japanese. These two words are written in the same kanji, namely 日本 (literally: the origin of the sun). The term Nippon is often used in official matters, including the name of the country in Japanese money, stamps, and international sporting events. Meanwhile, the term Nihon is used in informal business such as daily talks. The words Nippon and Nihon mean "country / country of the rising sun". This name is referred to in the correspondence of the Japanese Empire with the Sui Dynasty in China, and refers to the location of Japan which is in the east of mainland China. Before Japan had relations with China, this country was known as Yamato (大 和). In China in the era of the Three Countries, the term for Japan was the country of Wa (倭). In Chinese the Shanghai dialect which belongs to one of the Wu dialects, Chinese characters 日本 are read as Zeppen ([zəʔpən]). In the Wu dialect, the script 日 is unofficially read as [niʔ] while officially being read as [zəʔ]. In some Wu Selatan dialects, 日本 is read as [niʔpən] which is similar to the name in Japanese. The Japanese word in Indonesian is probably derived from Chinese, precisely the Chinese dialect of the Wu. Ancient Malay also calls this country Japan (but the Malay spelling is now: Japanese). This Japanese word in Malay was then brought to the West by Portuguese traders, who knew this designation while in Malacca in the 16th century. They were the first to introduce the Malay language name to Europe. The oldest document in English which mentions Japan is a letter from 1565, which says Giapan in it. HISTORY OF JAPAN Japan began in 1603. At that time, Ieyasu, who had succeeded in uniting all of Japan, built his empire in Edo, now known as Tokyo. Ieyasu tried to build every aspect in this country so that this country could stand alone without assistance from other countries. The results of politics conducted by Ieyasu were later utilized by the Tokugawa Empire in 1639 with the birth of the Politics of Isolation. The background of the birth of this Isolation Politics are many Christian missionaries who came to spread Christianity. The development of Christianity would be a nightmare for the empire, so the Emperor took steps not to deal with foreign countries, except with Dutch traders who were considered profitable. That was only done in one place, namely on Dejima Island, Nagasaki. This politics of isolation lasted more than 200 years until 1853, Commodore Perry of the US Navy with 4 ships forced Japan to reopen itself to the outside world. The Tokugawa Empire ended in 1867, and was replaced with the Meiji Empire. In this day and age Japan has progressed a lot. And only in a few decades has it been able to align itself with western countries. In this age Edo changed its name to Tokyo, and the castes which existed in the feudal era were abolished. The Meiji Restoration was truly able to move all existing state assets, so that in some wars, Japan could win. The results of the victory included the capture of Taiwan from China in 1895 and southern Sakhalin in 1905 from Russia. After that Japan began to enlarge its colony by seizing Korea in 1910. Emperor Meiji died in 1912 and passed down the throne to the Taisho Emperor, and the Showa Empire began. The Showa Empire begins with promising conditions. The industry continues to grow, and political life has taken root in government parliaments. But new problems continue to emerge. The world economic crisis suppresses people's lives. The people began to disbelieve in the government because of the many scandals. This was exploited by extremists and succeeded in prioritizing the military in this country. Japan began to get involved in many wars. The function of Parliament has diminished. Everything is handled by the military. Until finally the Pacific War broke out in 1941. In 1945, Japan surrendered to the allies due to the weakening of its strength after Hiroshima and Nagasaki were paralyzed. During the allied occupation many things were changed. among them is the giving of rights to women to vote in elections, as well as the freedom to express opinions, embrace religion, and others. In 1951, after the signing of the San Francisco Peace Agreement, Japan regained its rights to carry out its politics again. One big task is to wait, which is to lift this country back from the devastation caused by the war. In a period of no more than 10 years, assisted by foreign countries, Japan was able to re-establish and compete in the international market. One proof of his revival was hosting the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, which also became a symbol of Japan's rise. Not only that, in 1975 Japan was recognized as a developed country and included in the group of G-7 countries. JAPANESE ART AND CULTURE In this world there are many islands that are separated based on Continents, even the State, each country itself has differences, such as state structure, government, even art and culture. It's the same as in Indonesia, even though Japan looks only on one island, but they are almost similar to Indonesia, which in fact has many islands, but Japan has interesting arts and culture, Even though Japan is a very developed country, Japan does not forget art and their culture is passed down from their ancestors. this is the Japanese arts and culture Traditional clothes ( KIMONO ) Japanese have Traditional clothes called Kimono, many people already know that kimono is Traditional Japanese clothing. Previously kimono was used for daily activities, but at this time, kimono was only used at special events. Kimono can be used by men or women, male kimono is generally simpler both in design, motif and color, which is usually dominated by dark colors such as dark green, dark brown, dark blue or black, while Kimono for women is known to have some type of age user, marital status, and level of formality of the event attended. Besides that the woman's kimono also has a lot of additional accessories. Tea Ceremony Tea ceremony or known as Chad or Sad. It is a ceremony that reflects the personality and knowledge of the host, which includes life goals, ways of thinking, religion, appreciation of tea ceremony equipment and how to put art objects in the tea ceremony (chashitsu) and various art knowledge in general which depends on the flow adopted tea ceremony. Ikebana Ikebana is the current flower arrangement. In Japan, flowers are special, they always put flowers that have been strung on the main altrar. Japanese people believe that flowers are a place of worship for God. At first ikebana was arranged simply and immediately placed on the main altar. However, in today's era ikebana starts to get complicated when assembled, there are even a few things to learn for flower arrangement. Matsuri Matsuri is a Japanese cultural festival held in the summer. This Matsuri deals with festivals from temples, Shinto temples and Buddhist temples. This Matsuri is actually an event to worship and pray. However, it does not emphasize the visitors who come too much, because there are many visitors who come just to see this Japanese cultural festival. Geisha Geisha is a Japanese culture that is an artist or a traditional entertainer in Japan. Geisha have been around since the 18th century, but the present era has been somewhat decreased geisha, there are some people who still maintain the culture japan japanese this one. usually this traditional Japanese culture has been trained since childhood, and usually geisha houses bring girls from poor families to live and practice. TYPICAL FOOD not only rich in culture, Japan has many special foods, including: Sushi Sushi is the most famous culinary in Japan and some people in the country have tried it. This culinary is in the form of rolled rice. Usually mixed with seafood, vegetables, there are also pieces of cucumber, eel (unagi), or salmon then wrapped in nori (seaweed) can also with leaves such as shiso using makisu (rectangular bamboo woven). Before serving, sushi can be cut into short pieces to make it easier to consume. Ramen Another name for ramen noodles is soba chuka. This ramen noodle is usually mixed with broth and contains inside it such as meat, fish, miso and also onion slices which make the taste of ramen noodles more tasty. Okonomiyaki Examples of Japanese foods made from wheat flour are then diluted using water and mixed with meat, eggs, cabbage and then fried. The meat used for okonomiyaki is pork and squid meat. Usually okonomiyaki is eaten with a flat kote or spoon which also serves to flip the okonomiyaki when frying it. Yakiniku This food is made from meat which is cooked by burning or just baking it. Usually using beef, lamb, barbecue and jerohan. Yakiniku is usually shaped or cut into rectangles and stabbed and then grilled or grilled. Takoyaki This typical Japanese food called takoyaki is very much loved by many people, especially nowadays Takoyaki is a food that has mushroomed in Indonesia. With flour based, it is formed in small rounds and inside filled with octopus makes its own characteristics as a very tasty snack. Plus toppings like beni shoga, katsuobushi, nori flakes, mayonnaise and takoyaki sauce, sweet soy sauce. TOURIST ATTRACTION Disneyland Tokyo Disneyland is a park with a playground that has the theme of films produced by Walt Disney. Inside Tokyo Disneyland, there are 7 themes, namely World Bazaar, Tomorrowland, Toontown, Adventureland, Westernland, Critter Country and Fantasyland, each of which has its own characteristics. Tokyo tower The uniqueness of this tower is the presence of a tool used to measure the direction of the wind and become a sanctuary when a major disaster occurs. On the ground floor of Tokyo Tower there are various shops and restaurants, all shops and restaurants are at Tokyo Tower Foot Town. Arashiyama Arashiyama is a tourist spot in the form of a bamboo forest. Visitors who come here can feel calm and calm. The name Arashiyama itself means mountains. In this tourist spot, visitors can see the famous bridge, Togetsu Kyo. The bridge is a classic bridge that visitors can use to cross the Katsura River. Kiyomizu temple The building in this temple is made of wood and there is a wide veranda supported by pillar-shaped wood. Under this temple there is a green landscape and there are lush trees. This temple is a Buddhist temple and includes a temple with a kuo building. Ueno park In spring, visitors can see cherry blossoms in bloom. Not surprisingly, in spring the park is visited by many tourists. Not only can the cherry blossoms be seen here, in the south of the park there is a pool whose name is Shinobazu pond. When summer comes, the surface of the pond is full of beautiful green leaves and pink plants. When it was winter in the pond there were birds that stopped by the place and made the pond a temporary haven. REFERENCES https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang https://pandri-16.blogspot.com/2011/12/sejarah-awal-berdiri-negara-jepang.html https://www.artforia.com/kesenian-dan-kebudayaan-negeri-jepang/ https://tempatwisataseru.com/tempat-wisata-di-jepang/ https://tempatwisataunik.com/wisata-dunia/wisata-asia/jepang/tempat-wisata-di-jepang https://www.google.com/search?q=taman+ueno&safe=strict&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjx8cCEnJviAhVc6XMBHTukC1EQ_AUICSgA&biw=1280&bih=610&dpr=1.5