Morsi's legacy: unlikely democrat, reluctant martyr

The New Turkey, 2019

Morsi’s legacy will always be remembered and kept alive in Turkey. The democratic struggle of the Egyptian people will receive never-ending support from Turkish people who resect democratic values, human rights and freedoms.

Lectures on 20th Century and Contemporary Issues - Class notes. The "Muslim Brotherhood", officially Jamiat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Arabic for "Society of Muslim Brothers"), is religious and political organization founded in 1928 in Egypt by Hasan al-Banna. Anti-British, anti-colonialist, and anti-Zionist, the organization sought to foster a return to the precepts of the Qur'an, and reverse secular and "Western" tendencies. Although it has faced many setbacks since its establishment, the Brotherhood has built an enduring educational, economic, military, and political infrastructure. Banned in Egypt since 2013, it has since existed largely as a clandestine but often militant group. The Muslim Brotherhood remains a powerful political player in Egypt, Syria, Sudan, and other Arab countries, and has organizations in most Islamic nations. In 2012, the Muslim Brotherhood reached its apex of power, as Mohammad Morsi become Egypt's president. He was overthrown a year later amid increasing unrest, and the Brotherhood was again banned and declared a terrorist group. Many of its leaders and supporters were arrested, and in 2014 some were sentenced to death or life in mass trials. Under Morsi, persecution of minorities by Islamic radicals was ignored, his administration alienated and marginalized democratic forces, and hard-line Islamists increasingly dominated politics. The Muslim Brotherhood has given rise to a number of militant and violent organizations, such as Hamas, Gama'a al-Islamiya, and Islamic Jihad.

2019

This Opinion Piece analyses the death of Dr Mohamed Morsi, the former president of Egypt as a public spectacle of execution. It argues that it was not just Dr Morsi who was on trial, but the concept of the Arab Spring itself was being systematically questioned to send a blatant message, no civil democracy in Egypt will be tolerated. Revisiting Michel Foucault’s theories of the end of public executions, this piece suggests that the theatricality of public punishment is still at play in the Middle East, the intentional humiliation of the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood is a clear example of that.

This journal aims to explain the reason why Egypt's government take the policy to declare Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a terrorist organization. As the policy taken after the era of Morsi, and the terrorist issue on 9/11 attack made the domestic situation in Egypt as well as international arena put more attention in addressing the issue of terrorism. To give the comprehensive understanding in this research, the writer try to explain this case with the theory of political system in terms of decision making process by Egypt government, and the theory will use the political system theory and also the concept of decision making process by David Easton. In this theory, the writer also try to explain the external factor which is becoming a part of the political system as well as the decision making process by Egypt government. Then we will find the answer why Egypt's government decide a policy to declare Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a terrorist organization. In the end of research, the writer found that the policy of Egypt's government based on interests by the three main power, liberal, nationalist, and secular who supported by the military that recently wants the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) in Egypt over. The support and even intervention by U.S and Saudi Arabia as the external factor make the Egypt government keep their policy to declare Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a terrorist organization.

After occurrence of public movements in Egypt that led the Egyptian Islamist movement of Muslim Brotherhood to come to power in ruling scene of this country, Mohamed Morsi as a candidate of this party won in the first democratic presidency elections in this country and after coming to power, he took a series of radical measures both in domestic and international scenes, which have caused him to be ousted in less than one year. The present essay is intended to reveal this fact based on theoretical framework of overthrowing government of Ibn Khaldun by proposing various reasons and documentations about several aspects of ousting of Morsi. Similarly, it indicates that with respect to removing this movement from Egypt political scene and confiscation of their properties, especially after the time when Field Marshal Abdel Fattah El-Sisi came to power as a president, so Muslim Brotherhood should pass through a very tumultuous path to return to political scene in Egypt compared to past time, especially this movement has lost noticeably its public support and backing. The paper's primary contribution is study of Mohamed Morsi " s radical measures both in domestic and international scenes in Egypt, which have caused him to be ousted in less than one year.

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 2021

This Political party was established in Egypt in 1920. His founder was Sheikh-al-hasan Al banna and he was from the village of Alexandria. He started this group in 1923 but it is properly established in 1929. His motivation was to reassure and implement the basic beliefs of Islam, but later it took political form. This movement was very popular in Egypt and its branches will also be established in other Arab countries. On the end of the Second World War, its members had a population of 20 million. It was a democratically party dictatorship and wanted to end the kingdom, abstain from militancy, it has many services for Egypt's people. In addition, he used to present in welfare works, they established thousands of schools in Egypt in which general public used to get education. The organization became very popular because it was consisting of educated people, the party of Palestine, Hamas was also the part of Muslim Brotherhood. The Muslim Brotherhood worked hard to end the kingdom...

Peter Lintl; Christian Thuselt and Christian Wolff eds. Religiöse Bewegungen als Politische Akteure, 2016

The paper discusses the transition of the Muslim Brotherhood during the period of the Arab Spring. It argues that the politically oriented and moderate reformist wing that led the Muslim Brotherhood's political development during the Mubarak era was side-tracked in the course of the Arab Spring. A conservative leadership thus took charge, leading the organisation on a path of ideological rigidity and, ultimately, failure.