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Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Journal of Ayurveda A Peer Reviewed Journal Vol.X No. 4 Oct-Dec 2016 Contents Editorial Editorial- Conceptual Research ---- Need of Understanding the Science 03 Prof. Sanjeev Sharma Clinical Studies A Critical Analysis of the Basic Principles of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus & the 04 Role of Counseling and Medhya Rasayana in its Management Dr. M. W. S. Janakanthi Kumari, Dr. Hetal H. Dave, Dr. Baldev Kumar A Study on Role of Mustadi Yapana Basti In The Management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) 13 Praveen B S, Anil K Abraham, Kashinath Samagandi A Comparative Study of The Efficacy of Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried 22 Crude Water Extract As Pre-Medication With Diazepam on The Emergence Reactions Of Ketamine Anaesthesia -Dr. Saval Pratap Singh Jadoun, Dr.Rajesh Arora, Dr. Narinder Singh Clinical Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Kusthadi Churna With Udumbaradi Tail In 30 The Management Of Karnini Yonivyapada W.S.R. To Cervical Erosion Dr.Chaurasia Ranju Kumari, Dr. Diksha Khathuria, Prof. C.M. Jain, Dr. B. Pushplatha Anatomical Explanation on method of Abhyanga w.s.r. to muscle attachments 40 Dr. Sunil Kumar, Dr. Jula Rani, Dr. Sunil Kumar Yadav A Clinical Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Patolyadi Kwath & Kampillakadi Tail 51 In The Management Of Vrana - Dr. Shikha Nayak, Dr. B.B. Pandey, Dr. B. Swapna A clinical study on Diet and Yoga in the Management of Sthaulya (Obesity) 57 Dr Ravi Kumar, Dr Mangalagowri V. Rao Clinical Evaluation of The Effect of Anuvasana- Vasti (Matra-Vasti) And Pichu 64 In Pregnancy on The Phenomenon Of Labour] Dr. Varsha Singh, Dr. (Mrs.) Hetal H. Dave Pharmacological Study Pharmacognistical Study of Leaf of Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce Dr. Khandelwal Jyoti, Dr.Rath Sudipt, Prof. Kotecha Mita, Garg Naveen K., Sharma Gaurav 1 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com 73 Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Conceptual Studies ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄áÊ ∞ﬂ¢ Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ 79 «UÊÚ. ‚ÈŸË‹ ∑È§◊Ê⁄ ≥Ê◊Ê¸, «UÊÚ. ªÙÁﬂãº ¬Ê⁄Ë∑§, «UÊÚ. ÁﬂÁ¬Ÿ ∑È§◊Ê⁄U Literary Reviews Medical Ethics in Ayurveda- a Review 90 Dr. Manorma Singh, Prof. Sanjeev Sharma Review of Manahshila In Ancient Literatures 97 Parween Bano, Pralay Kumar Sahu, Prof. K Shankar Rao Critical Analysis of Vyadhi Vargikaran of Caraka, Sushruta And Vagbhatta 104 (literary research), Dr. Jeuti Rani Das, Dr. Sisir Kumar Mandal, Dr. Surendra Kumar Sharma A comprehensive review on Shalmali (Bombax ceiba Linn.) 113 Sankar Jyoti Das, Sumit Nathani, Richa Khandelwal A Concept of Mala In Ayurvedic System Of Medicine -A Short Review 125 Vaidya. Patil Arati S., Vd. Dnyaneshwar. K. Jadhav. Case Report A case study on Ayurvedic management of Hypothyroidism 129 Dr. Amarnath Shukla, Dr. Ashok Kumar Sinha, Dr. Utkarsha Nehra Instructions for Authors 133 Short Communication Ayurveda News & Views - Dr. Rizwana Parveen 147 Contributions are invited in the form of : Research Papers–Randomized trials, intervention studies, studies of screening and diagnostic tests, cohort studies, cost-effectiveness analyses, and case control studies. Short Communications– Brief accounts of descriptive studies, initial/partial results of a larger trial, and a series of cases; Correspondence– Letters commenting upon recent articles in Journal of Ayurveda, other topics of interest or useful clinical observations. Debate on important issues such as those raised in the editorial forum are most welcome. Images in practice– Interesting and original images which are worth a thousand words and help understand a particular concept. Images should accompany a certificate of ownership. A major criteria for acceptance of an article will be addition to existing knowledge and as such manuscripts are required to include ‘what this study adds’. 2 copies of Books may be sent for book review section. 2 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda EDITORIAL Conceptual Research ---- Need of Understanding the Science Ayurveda has been an integral part of life since time immemorial. It is not only a medical science but also is all pervading in social lifestyle and kitchen customs. It deals with all aspects and angles of life. It has contributed a lot regarding inculcation of moral values, ethical values, togetherness, secularism and uniformity. Ayurvedic physician having sound acquaintance of classical theory and their clinical consequence have propagated those beneficial thoughts and practices as social reformer along with their clinical profession to achieve the ultimate aim in the form of Hitayu. From the beginning of mankind the sense of pain pointed the man in the forms of disease and health bring him face to face confrontation with the reality in a tremendous vital manner. Faced with such an imperative call, the alternative to answering which was his annihilation, he gathered up all his strength, sincerity and determination and workout a realistic, practical and effective solution of the problem. According to the Ayurvedic there is an intimate identity between the part and the whole of the microcosm and the individual is considered as miniature of macrocosm, the universe. This very tune is fascinatingly haunted throughout the classics. The meanings suggested, the depth of height indicated and the stretched exposed by the rich words are purposely beautified in the compendium. This unitary principle is implemented right from the evolution, Tridosha theory, concepts of srotas, up to the organs of the body etc. The ideal health varies from a mere disease free condition to that of positive and perfect health. Ayurveda sets-up itself the very lofty ideal of positive health, perfect to the minutest detail. Each and every treatment modalities mentioned in the classics of ayurveda to mitigate the pain is based on solid foundations known as principles. The principles are derived by experts scientists in the series of continuous experimentations and justifying with the occult factors in the purview of practical applicability. Ample principles are noted in each branch of Ashatnga Ayurveda. These principles are thought to be everlasting. With the advent of time only explorations of the applicability in the clinical level should be done. Since last four decades classical textual learning are gradually lagging. Principles and their panapplicabilities are not always emphasized in Ayurveda learning, teaching and research. Proper and adequate understanding of the classical principles and occult thought process is utterly needed to explore the new horizon of clinical practice and that can only be able to give potential answer to need of mankind. Hence literary research in the form of exploring the various principles and their applicability in the purview of current era should be focus point of research in all disciplines. Prof. Sanjeev Sharma Director 3 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study A Critical Analysis of the Basic Principles of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus & the Role of Counseling and Medhya Rasayana in its Management *Dr. M. W. S. Janakanthi Kumari, **Dr. Hetal H. Dave, ***Dr. Baldev Kumar Abstract Diabetes is a universal disorder. Prameha, greatly resemble the characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus. The main objectives of this research work were to analyze critically the principle behind the Stress related Diabetes Mellitus and to assess the role of counseling and Medhya Rasayanain its management. For clinical study 60 Stress Related Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type II Diabetes) patients with Fasting Blood Glucose 110 mg/dl -250mg/dl have been selected in three (03) groups randomly, each containing 20.Formulas named as Bilvadi Churna and Kiratadi Churna in fine powder form have been selected for the clinical trial.Group I was treated with Bilvadi Churna 5g, three times a day, with proper counseling in each visit. GroupII received Kiratadi Churna5g, three times a day, besides counseling. Group IIIhas givenroasted Barley powder capsules asPlacebo 250 mg, three times a day, along counseling for 1/2 an hour in each visit. Duration of therapy was 2 months. When overall result was considered 100% Type II Diabetic patients were identified as suffering from chronic stress before the onset of Diabetes. None was also found without the acute stress in accordance with the Perceived Stress Scale. The effect of the therapies on the cardinal signs and symptoms has shown statistically significant reduction in all the parameters with various percentages of relief. Reduction of Prabhuta Mutrata (polyuria), kshudhadhikya (polyphagia), Pipasadhikya (polydipsia) were extremely significant in all three groups. Keywords: Prameha, Stress, Diabetes Mellitus, Counseling, Medhya Rasayana ‚Ê⁄UÊ¥‡Ê◊œÈ◊„ ∞∑§ Áﬂ‡ﬂSÃ⁄U ¬⁄U »Ò§‹Ë „ÈÿË √ÿÊÁœ „Ò, Á¡‚∑§Ê SﬂM§¬ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã ¬˝◊„ ⁄UÊª ‚ ‚ÊêÿÃÊ ⁄UπÃÊ „Ò– ß‚ •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ◊œÈ◊„ ⁄UÊª ◊¥ ÁøãÃÊ, ÷ÿ, ©mªÊÁŒ ∑§Ë ∑§Ê⁄UáÊÃÊ, ◊äÿ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ ÃÕÊ ∑§Ê©ã‚Á‹¥ª ∑§Ê ¬˝÷Êﬂ ¡ÊŸŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞‚ ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê øÿŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ, ¡Ê ßã‚ÈÁ‹Ÿ ¬⁄U •ÊÁüÊÃ Ÿ„Ë¥ Õ, •ÊÒ⁄U Á¡Ÿ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊÃ— ∑§Ê‹ πÊ‹Ë ¬≈U ⁄UQ§ªÃ ‡Ê∑¸§⁄UÊ ∑§Ë ◊ÊòÊÊ 110 Á◊.ª˝Ê. ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ-250 Á◊.ª˝Ê. ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ ÕË– ‚÷Ë 60 ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê 20-20 ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§ ‚◊Í„Ê¥ ◊¥ ’Ê°≈UÊ ªÿÊ– ¬˝Õ◊ ‚◊Í„ ∑§Ê ◊äÿ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ Á’ÀﬂÊÁŒ øÍáÊ¸ 5 ª˝Ê◊ ÁŒŸ ◊¥ ÃËŸ ’Ê⁄U ∑§ÊcáÊ ¡‹ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ ÷ÊﬂÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÈCÿÃ¸ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ŒÍ‚⁄U ‚◊Í„ ◊¥ ◊Èœ◊„ÊÁ⁄U øÍáÊ¸ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ Á∑§⁄UÊÃÊÁŒ øÍáÊ¸ 5 ª˝Ê◊ ÁŒŸ ◊¥ ÃËŸ ’Ê⁄U ∑§ÊcáÊ ¡‹ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ÃÕÊ ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ ÷ÊﬂÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÈCÿÕ¸ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÃË‚⁄U ‚◊Í„ ◊¥ ∞∑§ å‹Á‚’Ê ∑Ò§å‚Í‹ ÁŒŸ ◊¥ ÃËŸ ’Ê⁄U ∑§ÊcáÊ ¡‹ ‚ ÃÕÊ ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ ÷ÊﬂÊ¥ ∑§Ë ¬ÈCÿÕ¸ ¬⁄UÊ◊‡Ê¸ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ– ŒÊ ◊„ËŸ¥ Ã∑§ ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ŒﬂÊß¸ ŒË ªß¸– •äÿÿŸ ¬‡øÊÃ˜ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊Ã— ‚÷Ë ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê Áø⁄U∑§Ê‹ËŸ ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ ÃŸÊﬂ ‚ ª˝SÃ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ– ‚÷Ë ‚◊Í„ ∑§ ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝÷ÍÃ ◊ÍòÊÃÊ, ˇÊÈœÊÁœÄÿ ∞ﬂ¥ Á¬¬Ê‚ÊÁœÄÿ ‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ ‚ÊÕ¸∑§ ⁄U„¥– ◊äÿ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ ∞ﬂ¥ ∑§Ê©ã‚Á‹¥ª ∑§Ë ÷Ë ‚ÊÕ¸∑§ÃÊ ◊œÈ◊„ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ◊¥ Á‚h „Èß¸– *Senior Lecturer, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Shrilanka, **Asstt. Professor, P.G. Department of Stri even Prasuti Roga, Basic Principles, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, ***Director, AYUSH Department, Haryana, 4 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Clinical Study A Critical Analysis of the Basic Principles of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus & the Role of Counseling and Medhya Rasayana in its Management Dr. M. W. S. Janakanthi Kumari, Dr. Hetal H. Dave, Dr. Baldev Kumar Introduction Diabetes Mellitus, Counseling and Rasayanahas been compiled and reassessed with Ayurveda and modern scientific viewpoints to establish the Basic Principles underneath. For the clinical study 60 patients with Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) in-between 110 mg/dl to 250 mg / dl and suffering from Stress Related NonInsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) (Type II Diabetes) have been selected. They were treated in three (03) groups randomly, each containing 20 within the age group of 20-70 years irrespective of sex, religion, occupation and socio economic status etc., from the Out Patient Department and Indoor Patient Department of the Hospital of National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur. The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus is increasing around the world progressively in last few years in epidemic proportions.1 The costs of Diabetes affect everyone, everywhere. It is not only a financial problem but also has a great impact on the lives of the patients and their families. Diabetes is a metabolic disease precipitate due to multi-factorial reasons. Some studies have shown that its etiology is provoked by the psychic impairment.2 Ayurveda Classics exemplify the psychosomatic relation of Diabetes under the chapters of Prameh.3 The seat of the mental diseases is mind. 4 The inconsistency of mental health becomes enormous encumber owing to mental ill-health due to change of thinking, mood and behavior. Persistent stressors if not managed successfully, may lead to psychosomatic diseases. This research was carried out to critically analyze the basic principles of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus under the title “A Critical Analysis of the Basic Principles of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus & the Role of Counseling and Medhya Rasayna in its Management”. In this present study Prameha was co-related with Diabetes Mellitus to test the hypothesis forwarded. Two hypothetical formulas named as Bilvadi Churna and Kiratadi Churnain fine powder form and counseling therapy have been selected for clinical trial. Drugs were selected after considering their pharmacodynamic properties to impede the pathogenesis of the Diabetes Mellitus. Bilvadi Churna (Medhya Rasayana Drug) containedBilva(Aegle marmelosa), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Amrita (Tinospora cordifolia), Ashvagandha(Withania somnifera) and Pippali (Piper longum). Kiratadi Churna(Madhumehahara Drug) contained Kirata (Swertia chirata), Katuka (Picrorhiz kurroa), Methi (Trigonella foenum), Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) and Nimba (Azadirachta indica). Aims & Objectives This research work has been undertaken with the following aims and objectives. i. Patients in Group I were given Medhya Rasayana formula named as ‘Bilvadi Churna’, 5 g three times a day along with counseling. Patients in Group II were given Madhumehahara formula named as ‘Kiratadi Churna’, 5g three times a day and counseling. The vehicle was lukewarm water. Patients included in Group III have been given Placebo along with counseling. All the groups were subjected to appropriate counseling for half an hour along with their prescribed therapy. Total duration of the intervention was two (02) months. To establish the Psychosomatic Relation in the manifestation of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus ii. To assess the Role of Counseling and Medhya Rasayanain the management of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus. Materials & Methods The proposed study has been carried-out in two phases including Literary and Clinical Study. Literary material pertaining to the mind, Stress, 5 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Statistical Analysis arisen due to family disputes. Males who had higher education above graduate level more prone to stress due to their higher expectancies.Businesspersons had more stress owing to their nature of occupation. The profession itself has generated much stress, as the majority did not equip with problem solving skills. Housewives without any employment were more prone to stress.Lower and Middle Socio-economic status has influenced on precipitating stress. Financial crisis of these groups made them vulnerable to stress leading to Diabetes.Addiction to tea and coffee has indirectly led to consume more sugar facilitating the Nidana of Diabetes. Addiction to tea, coffee, smoking, alcohol etc. also highlighted the mental instability they encompass.Sedentary lifestyle including less working and more leisure, devoid any regular physical exercises (Avyayama) has precipitated Diabetes. Others who hadexcessive hours and overburden of work and rest less than 8 hours,also have precipitated stress. Disturbance of sleep (Alpa Nidra) presented in majority owing to stress.Irregular interval of the intake of food (Ahara Kala), intake of excessive quantity of food (Ati PramanaAhara), Food pattern (Ahara Vidhi)such asViruddhashana, VishamashanaandAdhyashana, excessive intake of Madhura Rasa has caused the excessive accumulation of Kapha leading to Samprapti of Prameha. Demographic and etiological data of the patients has been presented percentage wise (%). The data of the therapeutics assessments have been analyzed statistically in the terms of mean score ( ), Standard Deviation (SD), Standard Error (SE) and Paired and Unpaired t test.“GrafPad InStat 3” Statistical package was used for the Statistical Analysis. “Wilcoxon signed rank test (Non Parametric Non Gaussian Assumption)” was used to calculate Paired t test. Unpaired t test was computed by using “Mann-Whitney Test” ( between 2 Groups) and “Kruskal-Wallis Test (Nonparametric ANOVA)” and Dunn’s Multiple Comparisons Test (Between 3 groups). Results and Discussion Ikshuvalika Meha, shita Meha and Madhumehastated in Ayurveda greatly analogous with the characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes can be identified as a disease that is initiated and provoked by psychological factors and the some of these signs and symptoms observed can be placed under the broad heading of “Stress”. Anavasthita Cittatva (unstable mind) and Udvega, in Ayurveda terminology having a close resemble ofstress. Important reasons of stress related Diabetes can be traced from the causative factors of Vataja, Pittaja and Kaphaja Pramehas. Textual references such as bearing urges, avoiding meals, psychological trauma, anxiety, grievances, insomnia and distractive mannerism described in Vataja Prameha Nidana demonstrate characteristic signs of stress.Worries, tiredness and anger that are some key signs of stress described under Pittaja Prameha. Avoidance of daily routine, depression and sedentary lifestyle in Kaphaja Prameha indicate the stress. Harita Samhita has mentioned that stress and wrongful behavior lead to Diabetes. Derailment of Agni such as Tikshnagni, Vishamagni, Mandagni was obvious in stress related Diabetes. Digestion has hampered due to Prameha as well as Stress. Pravara Abyavaharana Shakti and Avara Jarana Shakti was found in the maximum patients. Predominance Vata /Pitta constitution (Sharirar Prakriti) has shown more tendencies to stress. Vata-Pitta Prakriti was the highest observed. Vata-Kapha, Pitta-Kapha, Vata and Pitta Ulbana Prakriti also considerably reported. Involvement of Rajasika Dosha was more prominent in stress related Diabetes Mellitus. Dvandaja Prakriti such as RajasikaTamasika, Satvika-Rajasika, Rajasika-Tamasika Prakriti has been identified as Manasika Prakriti. Avara Sattva personalities were more susceptible to stress. The majority enrolled for this study was not taking any regular treatment at the time of the enrolment to the study. Counseling has played a major role in educating patients to follow healthy lifestyle by managing day to day confrontation. The result of this study has highlighted thatMales (65%) were more prone to Stress related Diabetes Mellitus but a considerable percentage of females (35%) were also suffering from stress related Diabetes Mellitus. The education level has found to be having direct impact on stress.This also indicated that uneducated females and educated males were comparatively more prone to the stress. Uneducated females might not able to cope with stress which 6 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Consumed excessive Pishtanna, Taila, Kaphavardhaka Ahara Vihara, Snigdha Dravya Sevana, Payaþ Sevana,Dadhi Sevana, Madhura Dravya Sevana, Tyakta Vyayama/Avyayama,Guda Vikaraa/Sharkara,Grita and Guru Dravya Sevana noticeable causative factors found in this study.Bija Dosha (Heridity) was traced from the majority. They had strong positive family history of the Diabetes. Nevertheless, considerable percentage 46.66 without any family history and have shown suffering from chronic Stress due to the exposure to various kinds of environmental stressors. Shaiyaprasanga (indulgence of bed rest) and Mrija Varjana (avoid of cleanliness) found from the studied population presents thevitiating Kapha Dosha leading to Diabetes. Pittaja Prameha Nidana Sevana identified as Krodha (anger) and Vataja Prameha Nidana Sevana has shown Vega Sandharana (bearing manifested urges) and Udvega (stress/anxiety), Shoka (grief), Jagarana (keeping awake in night) and Manasika Abhighata (mental trauma). Vibandha. They were much similar to the description of Mehas intextual references.Rupa observed in the studied population were also tally with the descriptions of the classical texts about Prameha. Major signs and symptoms observed are Prabhuta Mutrata (polyurea) and Pipasadhikya (polydipsia), Klama (fatigue), Hastapada Sandhi shula, Galatalushosha (dryness of mouth) and Alasya (lassitude) and Vibandha (constipation).All the Srotas were derailed and major Srotodushti observed were Annavaha, Udakavaha, Rasavaha, Mutravaha, Manovaha Mansavaha, Asthivaha, Svedavaha and Medovaha Srotodushti. Sveda Atipravritti (excessive sweating) was resulted due to Medovaha of Srotodushtiin the majority. When the negative Manasika Bhavas were considered, all the patients have shown that they were not able to solve the problems (Upadhid) in their live hood successfully. Ultimate result was that the constant stress they have experienced either as acute or chronic stress Heavy pressure and unable to handle stress were found as root cause of Diabetes among newly identified (Chronicity less than 1 year) age group.Patients in middle and old age groups have faced to constant chronic stressors as stimulants which have precipitated the Diabetes. This was ensured by Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Purva Rupa described in the classical texts were observed practically such as Tandra, Karapadadaha, Klama, Nidra, Alasya, Galatalushosha, Pipasa, Prabhuta Mutrata, Kshudhadhikya, Hastapada Sandhi Shula, Karpadadaha, Atisveda, Pipasadhikya and The effect of the Therapies on Cardinal Signs and Symptoms 7 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 The effect of the therapies on the cardinal signs and symptoms has shown statistically significant reduction in all the parameters with various percentages of relief. Group I (Bilvadi Churna & Counseling) and Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) has shown the statistically extremely reduction of Prabhuta Mutrata (polyuria), Kshudhadhikya (polyphagia), Pipasadhikya (polydipsia). Group III (Counseling & Placebo) also has given statistically extremely significant relief for the cardinal signs and symptoms excluding Alasya (lassitude). Pressure. Weight reduced was insignificant. Compared to other two groups insignificant increase was observed in the body mass index. The Pulse, Systolic Pressure, Diastolic Pressure, frequency of urine output day and night did not statistically differ among the Group I, Group II and Group III. The Group I (Bilvadi Churna & Counseling) and the Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) has shown significant reduction of weight and Body Mass Index compared to Gr III. The effect of the Therapies on Serum Cortisol, Plasma Adrenaline and Noradrenalinein39 patients of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus Diet and life style modification can control the Diabetes to a great extent and the influence of counseling cannot be neglected in this context. The effect of counseling has obviously inclined better result in all the groups. Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) has shown statistically significant better result in Ati Sveda, Karpadadaha,Karapadasupti (than Gr I & III). Galatalushosha, Vibandha, Alasya (better than Gr III).Group I (Bilvadi Churna & Counseling) has shown statistically significant better result in Klama, Alasya (better than Gr III). Above tests were performed in 39 patients. Medhya Rasayana Drug (Bilvadi Churna& Counseling Group) (Group I) has shown extremely significant reduction in Serum Cortisol levels, statistically very significant reduction in Plasma Adrenaline levels and Noradrenaline levels. Group II and III also have shown statistically significant lowering of Serum Cortisol levels but insignificant lowering of Plasma Adrenaline and Noradrenaline. Group I (Bilvadi Churna & Counseling) has shown statistically significant reduction in frequency of urine output in day, weight variation and body mass index, frequency of urine output in night, pulse, Systolic Pressure. But insignificant lowering of Diastolic Pressure. Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) also given significant reduction in above said all the parameters tested, except the systolic pressure. Group III (Counseling & Placebo) also given good result except reduction of Diastolic The normal range of Cortisol, Adrenaline and Noradrenaline levels were very high therefore, majority of the patients were not exceeding the normal range. All the groups have reported various percentages of reduction of Serum Cortisol, Plasma Adrenaline and Plasma Noradrenaline.The results obtained from the intergroup comparison were statistically insignificant. It also indicated the ability of all the therapies to reduce the stress hormones in different percentages. 8 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Bilvadi Churna& Counseling was very effective on lowering Glycated Hemoglobin (G Hb %) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS). (P<0.001) (Paired t test). It was also able to reduced Serum Cholesterol, Serum Triglyceride, Low-density Cholesterol and Very Low Density Cholesterol insignificantly. Therapy was competent to significantly increase High Density Cholesterol (HDL), which is known as good cholesterol. This also supports the Medhya Rasayana effect of the drug. The proper counseling also has helped to reduce the stress factor and modify life style among the patients of this group thus resulted better glycaemic control and lowering hyperglycemia.The effect of Kiratadi Churna & Counseling on Group II patients was encouraging. The G Hb% and FBS reduction reported were significant. These values indicate that the therapy was effective to reduce the hyperglycemia. High density Cholesterol was significantly increased. Drug was also able to insignificantly lower Serum Cholesterol level, Serum Triglyceride, Low-Density Cholesterol and Very Low Density Cholesterol and correct the Medodushti. Counseling & Placebo therapy also able to significantly reduce G Hb % level and FBS. Very Low Density Cholesterol was insignificantly reduced. in Haemoglobin (HB) in Gr I also was reported (P<0.001). Urine of Group I was effectively improved after the treatment. Reduction observed in Turbidity, Specific Gravity, PH value, protein, Epithelial Cells, White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC) and Uric acid crystals. This proves that the Avilata was reduced due to the therapeutic effect of the Medhya Rasayanadrug and counseling. Urine Sugar was dropped by 78.02% (P<0.01).The results indicate the Bilvadi Churna & Counseling can effectively control glycosuria in stress related Diabetic Mellitus. Kiratadi Churna & Counseling was capable to reduce Urine Sugar. (P<0.001). Reduction of Protein Urea, Epithelial Cells, WBC, RBC and Specific Gravity indicates the effect of drug in reducing Avilata of the urine. Counseling (Group III) was able to reduce urine Sugar (P<0.01). Reduction of turbidity of urine, Specific Gravity. Proteinuria, Epithelial Cells, WBC, RBC directly helped to correct abnormalities and Avilataof the urine also have been reduced.Urine sugar reduction in Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) has shown significant result(P<0.01) (Unpaired t test). Maximum reduction was reported from Group I, 78.02%. In overall Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) has shown better reduction of urine sugar(68.67%) (P<0.001) (Paired t test). As Kiratadi Churna contained 5 Madhumehahara Drugs, the formula might have prevented glycosuria successfully than other two therapies. Only counseling also help to reduce urine sugar 60.34% (P<0.01) in Group III patients. In overall, all the groups have shown better reduction of pathological parameters in varying degrees. Specific Gravity and PH value of urine was not significantly changed when compared. The therapy has reduced epithelial cells, White Blood Cells and Red Blood Cells in urine in Group 1 patients when compared with Group III (Unpaired t test). Appearance of urine was reduced to pale color, not quite significant in Group III vs. Group I (P<0.10) (Unpaired t test). Reduction of the proteinuria within the groups was not changed significantly (P>0.05) (Unpaired t test). Protein Ureain all the groups have been reducedafter prescribed treatment. Epithelial Cells, White Blood Cells (WBC) were considerably lowered. Kiratadi Churna & Counseling therapy (Gr II) has shown decline in Eosinophils, Monocyte, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils. Increase observed in other hematological parameters was TRBC, MCH, MCHC, PCV, MCV, TPLC and MCHC. (Unpaired t test). Counseling & Placebo therapy in Group III patients did not show any significant change in other haematological and biochemical parameters. Apparent increase was observed in TRBC, TPLC, Hemoglobin, PCV, MCV, MCHand MCHC (P>0.05). The therapy was able to increase High Density Cholesterol (HDL). The reduction was observed in Serum Cholesterol level, Serum Triglyceride and Lowdensity Cholesterol, and it may due to the behavior of changing food intake and regular exercises. Counseling was able to fairly correct the Medodushti as well. The effect of lowering Glycated Haemoglobin in all three therapies was appreciable. Unpaired t test for intergroup comparison was statistically insignificant. When the inter-groups Fasting Blood Sugar was compared, Group I has shown very significant reduction. Extremely significant Increased 9 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Effect of Therapies on Lowering G Hb%, FBS & Glycosuria in Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus. The therapies were able to reduce the stress in all three groups. When the overall effect of the stress was calculated by Perceived Stress Scale, statistically very significant relief was observed in all the three groups (P<0.01). When intergroup comparison was performed Group 1 (Bilvadi Churna & Counseling) has shown statistically significant reduction of stress compared to Group II (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) (P<0.01) and Group III (Placebo & Counseling Group) (P<0.001), (Unpaired t test). Therefore Bilvadi Churna & Counseling therapy is the best therapy to reduce stress. were fallen in to the category of mild stress. After the treatment the number has increased up to 29 (48.33). This was observed when the chronic stress was considered. The majority of the patients of this study group have undergone chronic stress for many years before the onset of Diabetes. Others have reported severe acute stress before the signs and symptoms of the Diabetes developed. According to Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Scale, 48.33% were found to have severe stress, 38.33% moderate stress and 13.33% mild stress before the onset of Diabetes death of close family members, personal injury or, business readjustment, change in health of a family member, marital problems and change in financial state. Other causes observed were change in responsibilities at work, trouble with inlaws , change in work hours or conditions and mortgage or loan less than $30,000, death of close friend, change in living conditions, change in religious activities and change in social activities, death of spouse, and jail term / minor violations of the law, marriage, retirement, gain of new family member and change in sleeping habits, divorce, fired at work, change to different line of work, change in number of arguments with spouse, foreclosure of mortgage or loan, son or daughter leaving home, outstanding personal achievement, wife begins or stops work and trouble with boss were the underline causes. None was found without the stress when the data were analyzed in accordance with the Perceived Stress Scale before and after the treatment. As the stress is an unavoidable incident in our day to day life it is not possible to eradicate the stress. the severity of acute stress observed in 60 patients of Diabetes Mellitus has shown 29 (48.33%) of the patients have being suffering from moderate stress during the last month before commencement of the trial.22 patients had moderate stress (38.67%) after completing the treatment. Patients of moderate category have shifted to mild category and the severe category patients have shifted to moderate category after the therapy. 23 (38.33%) patients had severe distress before the treatment and after the treatment only 9 patients had severe stress (15%). Before treatment 8 (13.33%) 10 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda According to the sex, the underline causes of chronic stress in males were identified as business issues, readjustment, change in financial state, work place pressure, major change in living condition, personal injury or illness, change in health of a family member, change to different line of work, trouble with boss, death of close family member, death of close friend, retirement, death of spouse and marital separation. The main complaint of females was ill treatment of in-laws. Other causes reported were marital problems, disagreement with spouse, extended families and family disputes.When overall result was considered 100% Type II Diabetic patients were identified as suffering from chronic stress before the onset of Diabetes.All the patients have shown that they were not capable of solving the problems (Upadhida) in their daily life (100.00%), they also suffering from Manasika Bhavas reported were Krodhadha, Raja, Shoka, Dvesha,Mohaand Bhaya. Therefore educating them to manage the stress is obvious.The percentages of relief in all three groups owing to the reduction of stress ue to counseling. Percentage of relief in Group I (Bilvadi Churna & Counseling) was 59.08%, In Group II was (Kiratadi Churna & Counseling) 28.28% (P<0.01) and Group III (Placebo & Counseling Group) percentage of relief was 27.62. (P<0.01). The more influence observed in Group I may be due to the Medhya Rasayana effect of Bilvadi Churna. Overall effects of the Therapies on Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus. When the overall effect of three therapies was considered the majority 26 (43.33% ) patients has shown more than 75% improvement (Excellent Response), 10 (16.67%) patients had improvement in between 75% - 50% (Good Response). 17 (28.33%) patients have reported improvement between 49% 30%(Moderate Response). Three patients (5.00%) 11 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 modification, avoiding Apathya and using Pathya for stress and it can be used to reduce the prevailing stress by using client centered appropriate counseling methods. The studied group was able to change their food pattern, daily routines, engage in more physical exercises and activities to break the pathogenesis of Diabetes. Therefore the result obtained from the counseling and placebo group was very much encouraging. Counseling can be adopted as a tool to reduce the stress and give a good glycemic control in Stress related Diabetes Mellitus. It is also very useful as a combine therapy to promote the efficacy of the drug therapy.In this present study overall effects of all the therapies have ensured the specific mode of action of the each therapy to break the Samprapti of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus.The study has ensured the chronic stress as a risk and prevailing factor of Type II Diabetes and need of addressing coping strategies to manage the stress. Methods explained in the science of Ayurveda can be adopted and proper counseling and mental health promotion may prevent or delay the onset of Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus. had Improvement in-between 29% - 25%. (Mild Response). Four patients remained unchanged (6.67%). Group 1 (Bilvadi Churna&Counseling) has shown excellent response in 11 patients (55%), Group II, 8 patients (40%) and in Group III, 7 patients (35%) when the overall effect of the Therapies on Stress Related Diabetes Mellitus were considered. Conclusions Medhya Rasayana drug, Bilvadi Churnahas shown better result of reducing stress hormones when compared with the before and after treatment. All the parameters, Plasma Cortisol, Adrenaline and Noradrenaline levels were reduced markedly and the results were very highly significant (P<0.001- P <0.01). Medhya Rasayana effect of the drug might have given the better result in this context. Reduction observed in other two groups also highlights the therapeutic importance of counseling as well as controlling Diabetes to mitigate the diseases condition. Bilvadi Churnawas predominant by Tikta and Kashaya Rasa, Laghu and Snigdha Guna, Ushna Virya, Madhura Vipaka and Medhya Rasayana properties,which indicated the overall action of pacifying the vitiated Kapha Doùa in Prameha. Bilvadi Churnawas 100% Medhya Rasayana. Owing to its Prabhava, Bilvadi Churnahas reduced the stress of Diabetes patients, drug might have reached to the Sukshma Manovaha Srotas and performed the soothing effect. By these twofold actions Bilvadi Churnahas reduced the stress and hyperglycaemia in Stress Related Diabetic patients very effectively. References Kiratadi Churnawaspredominated by Tikta Rasa, Laghu andRuksha Guna,Shita Virya and KatuVipaka. Kiratadi Churnahaving the capacity to seize the general pathogenesis of Prameha due to the vitiation of Kapha Dosha. Probable mode of the action of the Kiratadi Churna can be suggested due to cumulative properties of Rasa, Guna, Virya and Vipaka and the result obtained was very satisfactory. Counseling has improved the problem solving skills, social skills, inter and intra personal skills and decision taking ability etc. in the studied population. Guiding the patients for the life style 1. Sharma, S.P Emerging therapies for diabetes mellitus in the new millennium, Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, ISSN: 2115-6156, September 2012 Volume 3 Issue 8, P. 30. 2. Sharma, H., Chadola, H.M., Prameha in Ayurveda : Correlation with Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes Mellitus, Part 2-Management of Prameha. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Volume 17, Number 7, 2011, P. 589-599. 3. Caraka Samhita Nidana Sthana 4/36,Caraka Samhita Nidana Sthana 4/24,Caraka Samhita Nidana Sthana 4/5,Ram Acharya N, Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandasamgraha of Sri Dalhanacarya and Nyayachandrika Panjika of Sri Gayadas Acharya on Nidanasthana, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan,Varanasi, India, (2010). 4. Caraka Samhita Sharira Sthana 1/136,Triamji Acharya, V. J., Ram Acharya N, Sushruta Samhita of Sushruta with Nibandasamgraha of Sri Dalhanacarya and Nyayachandrika Panjika of Sri Gayadas Acharya on Nidanasthana, Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan,Varanasi, India, (2010). 12 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Clinical Study A Study on Role of Mustadi Yapana Basti In The Management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) *Praveen B S, **Anil K Abraham, ***Kashinath Samagandi Abstract: Introduction: Low back pain is frequently confronted problem in clinical practice which is more common among people aging 40-80 years. About 40% of people experience low back pain at some point in their life. About 50-70% of people get affected by low back pain with incidence of Sciatica more than 40%. Gridhrasi is a variety of Vatavyadhi characterized by pain in low back radiating to lower limb. Due to the resemblance in signs and symptoms, Gridhrasi may be readily correlated to sciatica. A study was planned to ascertain the role of Musthadi Yapana Basti in the management of Gridhrasi (sciatica) as it is indicated in management of musculoskeletal disorders. Pancha Tikta Ghritha was selected as Anuvasana Dravya which is also indicated in Gridhrasi. Objectives of Study: To evaluate the efficacy of Mustadi Yapana Basti in the management of Gridhrasi. Materials and Methods: Source of data: Samples were selected from OPD and IPD of PG studies in Panchakarma of Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College & Hospital, Moodabidri, Karnataka. Methadology and Results: 20 Subjects fulfilling Diagnostic and Inclusion criteria were subjected for Mustadi Yapana Basti with Pancha Tiktaka Ghritam as Anuvasana in Yoga Basti schedule. This study has revealed that Mustadi Yapana Basti has produced statistically highly significant relief in symptoms like Ruk, Sthambha, Toda, Spandana, SLR test and duration of walking time at the level <0.001. Statistical significant relief was observed in other symptoms like Tandra Aruchi and Gaurava too. 60% of the patients showed moderate improvement and 40% of the patients had mild improvement in present clinical study. Conclusion: So it can be concluded that Musthadi Yapana Basti is effective in the management of Gridhrasi. Key Words : Sciatica, Gridhrasi, Basti Karma, Mustadi Yapana Basti, Yoga Basti, Vata Vyadhi. ‚Ê⁄UÊ¥‡Ê40-80 ﬂ·¸ ∑§Ë •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ ∑§Á≈U ‡ÊÍ‹ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§◊¸ ◊¥ ¬Êß¸ ¡ÊŸ ﬂÊ‹Ë ‚Ê◊Êãÿ √ÿÊÁœ „Ò– ¡ËﬂŸ ◊¥ Á∑§‚Ë Ÿ Á∑§‚Ë •ﬂ‚⁄U ◊¥ 40 ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§Á≈U ‡ÊÍ‹ „ÊÃÊ „Ò– ‹ª÷ª 50-70 ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ ∑§Á≈U ‡ÊÍ‹ •ÊÒ⁄U ©‚◊¥ ‚ 40 ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ ‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ê ªÎœ˝Á‚ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ∑§Á≈U ‡ÊÍ‹ „ÊÃÊ „Ò– ß‚∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ªÎœ˝‚Ë ‚ ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ „ÊŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ß‚∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ ªÎœ˝‚Ë ‚ ∑§Ë ¡ÊÃË „Ò– ÿ„ •äÿÿŸ ◊ÈSÃÊÁŒ ÿÊ¬Ÿ ’ÁSÃ ∑§Ê ¬˝÷Êﬂ ªÎœ˝‚Ë ◊¥ ŒπŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ß‚∑§Ê ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê ◊Ê¥‚ ﬂ •ÁSÕﬂ„ dÊÃ‚˜ ◊¥ ’ÃÊÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– •ŸÈﬂÊ‚Ÿ ’ÁSÃ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬¥øÁÃQ§ ÉÊÎÃ ∑§Ê Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ◊ÈSÃÊÁŒ ÿÊ¬Ÿ ’ÁSÃ ∑§Ê ªÎœ˝‚Ë ◊¥ ¬˝÷Êﬂ ŒπŸÊ- ß‚ •äÿÿŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝ÁÃŒ‡Ê¸ ’Á„⁄UX ⁄UÊª •ÊÒ⁄U •ãÃ⁄UX ⁄UÊª Áﬂ÷Êª •ÀﬂÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ÁŒ∑§ ◊Á«U∑§‹ ∑§ÊÚ‹¡ FÊÃ∑§ÊûÊ⁄U ¬¥ø∑§◊¸ Áﬂ÷Êª ∑§ŸÊ¸≈U∑§ ‚ Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– 20 ¬˝ÁÃŒ‡Ê¸ ¡Ê ÁŸŒÊŸ •ÊÒ⁄U ‡ÊÊœ ∑§ ’ŸÊ∞ ÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§ •ãÃª¸Ã •ÊÃ Õ ©Ÿ∑§Ê ◊ÈSÃÊÁŒ ÿÊ¬Ÿ ’ÁSÃ, ¬¥øÁÃQ§ ÉÊÎÃ •ŸÈﬂÊ‚Ÿ ŒŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ß‚ •äÿÿŸ ‚ ÿ„ ¬ÃÊ ø‹ÃÊ „Ò Á∑§ ◊ÈSÃÊÁŒ ÿÊ¬Ÿ ’ÁSÃ ‚ ‚Ê¥ÁÅÿ∑§Ëÿ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U M§¡ÊSÃê÷, ÃÊŒ S¬ãŒŸ, ∞‚.∞‹.•Ê⁄U ¬⁄UËˇÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ø‹Ÿ ∑§ ‚◊ÿ ◊¥ ¬Ë«∏Ê •ÊÁŒ ◊¥ •ë¿UÊ ¬˝÷Êﬂ „Ò– ‚Ê¥ÁÅÿ∑§Ëÿ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U•ãÿ ‹ˇÊáÊÊ¥ ¡Ò‚ ÃãŒ˝Ê, •M§Áø, ªÊÒ⁄UﬂÃÊ •ÊÁŒ ◊¥ •ë¿UÊ ¬˝÷Êﬂ „Ò– 60 ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ ⁄UÊÁªÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ◊äÿ◊ •ÊÒ⁄U 40 ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ ◊¥ ÕÊ«∏Ê ‚Ê ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ß‚ •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ŒπÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ß‚‚ ÿ„ ÁŸc∑§·¸ ÁŸ∑§‹ÃÊ „Ò Á∑§ ◊ÈSÃÊÁŒ ÿÊ¬Ÿ ’ÁSÃ ªÎœ˝‚Ë ◊¥ ¬˝÷ÊﬂË „Ò– *Associate Professor, Department of postgraduate studies in Panchakarma, Alvas Ayurveda Medical College, Moodabidri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka-574227, **P.G. scholar, Department of postgraduate studies in Panchakarma, Alvas Ayurveda Medical College, Moodabidri, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka-574227 ***Assistant Professor, Department of Svasthavrutta, National institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan. 13 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study A Study on Role of Mustadi Yapana Basti In The Management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica) Praveen B S, Anil K Abraham, Kashinath Samagandi Introduction: in signs and symptoms, Gridhrasi may be readily correlated to sciatica. Gridhrasi is classified in to Vataja and Vata Kaphaja Gridhrasi considering dominance of Dosha.[11] Musculoskeletal disorders are on the raise worldwide due to the drastic change in lifestyle of an individual. Sedentary lifestyle, stress, improper posture, frequent travelling and strain full works are often observed faults in general public resulting in to low back pain and thus losing quality of life[1]. Back pain is a highly prevalent disabling musculoskeletal condition affecting almost everyone at some time inflicting substantial direct and indirect costs on health, social and economic systems. [2]. Many musculoskeletal conditions start in middle-age and require interactions with health care providers over many years. [3][4] Globally back pain causes more disability than any other condition. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study ranked low back pain as the condition with the highest number of years lived with disability and sixth in terms of disabilityadjusted life years .[5][6] In 1990, the global burden of years lived with disabilities due to back pain in adults aged 50–69 was 59% in developing countries, but by 2010 this proportion had increased to 67%. [7] With rapid growth in the numbers and proportions of older adults in low- and middleincome countries the back pain burden in older adults in these countries is expected to grow significantly in coming decades.[8] Gridhrasi (sciatica) is a frequently confronted clinical condition in practice. Though numerous choices of treatments like NSAID’s, Surgery and physiotherapy are available, effective management of this condition is not been possible till date. Pain management, restoring the range of motion and increasing the muscle endurance needs to be considered while treating this clinical condition. Ayurveda emphasizes on Snehana, Svedana, Basti, Siravyadha and Agnikarma as choices of treatment in treatment of Gridhrasi. Basti is one of the prime modality of treatment in the management of Gridhrasi. [12] This is praised due to its multi dimensional actions viz Shodhana, Shamana, Lekhana, Brimhana based on drugs utilized in it.[13] Yapana Basti are Madhutailika Vikalpa Basti which is praised in managing many clinical conditions.[14] Musthadi Yapana Basti often considered as Raja Yapana Basti due to the superiority among all Yapana Basti. [15] It comprises of Musta Usheera, Bala, Aragvadha, Rasna, Manjishtha, Katurohini, Tayanti, Punarnava, Sthiradi Panchamoola and Madhanaphala as Ksheera Kashaya Dravya. Madhuka, Rasanjana, Shatapushpa and Vatsaka are considered as Kalka Dravya and Mamsarasa as Aavapa. This Yapana Basti is specifically indicated in Janushoola, Urushoola and Janghashoola. [16] These symptoms are often observed in Gridhrasi. So, Musthadi Yapana Basti is selected with Pancha Tikta Ghritha as Anuvasana Dravya which is also indicated in different varieties of Vata Vyadhi.[17]So this study is undertaken to assess the efficacy of Mustadi Yapana Basti in the management of Vataja Gridhrasi(sciatica) Low back pain is frequently observed among people aging 40-80 years. Approximately 9 to 12% of people experience low back pain at any given point of time and nearly 25% report having it at some point over one-month period. About 80% of people throughout the world have low back pain at some point in their lives[9]. About 50-70% of people get affected by low back pain with incidence of Sciatica more than 40%. It is particularly seen in most active period of life, involving working class people causing hindrance in their routine life. Gridhrasi is a variety of Vatavyadhi, characterized by pain in low back radiating to lower limb.[10] Due to the resemblance 14 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Materials & Methods: 2. Developmental anomalies. Objectives of the Study: 3. Patients with systemic disorders which interfere with the course of the treatment. To evaluate the efficacy of Mustadi Yapana Basti in the management of Gridhrasi. 4. Patient’s contra indicated for Basti. Source: 5. Pregnancy and lactating women. Drug source: Research Design: Medicines required for the treatment were prepared in Alva’s pharmacy, Mijar. Basti Dravya: Anuvasana: Panchatiktha Ghrita was administered in the dosage of 100 ml Source of data: Procedure of Anuvasana Basti: The patients were subjected for Sarvanga Abhyanga (oil massage) with Murchita Taila followed by Bashpa Swedana (steam bath). Later subject was asked to take hot water bath. Sample was advised to eat easily digestible food in little quantity. Then patient was made to lie down in left lateral position and Anuvasana Basti with luke warm ghee was administered with the help of catheter and metallic syringe. Patient was made to lift his lower limbs 4 times and buttocks were tapped. Abdominal massage was done in anticlockwise direction. Then patient was asked to lie down for a while. He was asked to attend natural urges when he gets the call. Samples were selected from OPD and IPD of PG studies in Panchakarma of Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College& Hospital, Moodabidri, Karnataka. Method of collection: 20 participants fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria belonging to either sex irrespective of socio-economical status and caste were selected for the clinical study. Diagnostic criteria Patients were diagnosed based on the following clinical features. 1 . Pain over Sphik, Kati, radiating to Prishtabhaga of Uru, Janu, Jangha and Pada. Niruha Basti Dravya: Ingreadient 2. Positive SLR Test. Inclusion criteria 1 . Patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria. Quantity Makshika 200 ml Saindhava Lavana 15 gms Pancha Tikta Ghritam 200 ml 2. Patients between the age group of 20 to 60 years. Mustadi Yapana Kalka 50 gms 3. Patients who were fit for Basti procedure. Mustadi Yapana Ksheerapaka 300 ml Exclusion criteria Aja Mamsa Rasa 100ml 1 . Traumatic, Infective, Neoplastic, Degenerative conditions of spine and Cauda equina syndrome. Niruha Basti Dravya was mixed properly with order of Makshika, Lavana, Sneha, Kalka, Kwatha and Aavapa. Schedule of Basti: Yoga Basti Basti Dose Niruha 865ml Anuvasana 100ml Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 ü ü Day 4 Day 5 ü ü Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 ü ü ü ü 15 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Procedure of Niruha Basti: Patient was subjected for Sarvanga Abhyanga (oil massage) with Murchita Taila followed by Bashpa Sveda (steam bath). The patient was asked to lie down comfortably on his left side. Then the patient was asked to the flex his right leg. Thereafter, anus and rubber catheter were lubricated with oil. The prepared Basti Dravya was heated indirectly keeping it above hot water bath and filled inside the can. Lubricated rubber catheter was introduced inside the anus slowly till 6 cm. While administering the Basti patient was asked to breathe in and out through mouth slowly. Thereafter, the content of enema was injected into the rectum till small quantity of the liquid remains in the can. After administering Basti the patient was allowed to turn on his back comfortably. Patient was asked to attend to his natural urges when he gets sensation. Patient was observed for any untoward Table No: 1 events. After observing the Samyak Niruha Lakshana the patient was advised to take hot water bath and light diet. Study duration-Total study duration 24 days Placebo- Placebo in the form of rice flour capsule was administered twice a day from 9th to 16th day for a period of 8 days for late assessment. Observation Treatment period: Patients were assessed on the before treatment and 9th day (After treatment) Follow up: on 24th day of treatment Assessment criteria: (Table-1) Assessment of the condition were done based on detailed Performa adopting standard scoring methods of subjective & objective parameters and were analyzed statistically using student ‘t ‘ test. Assessment Criteria Signs and Symptoms Assessment criteria Ruk (Pain) No pain 0 Painful, walks without limping 1 Painful, walks with limping but without support 2 Painful, can walk only with support 3 Painful, unable to walk 4 No Stiffness 0 Mild, occasionally, lasting for <1hr, not interfering with daily routines. 1 Moderate, occasionally, lasting for >1hr, interfering with daily routines 2 Moderate, oftenly, lasting for >2hr, interfering with daily routines. 3 Severe, oftenly, lasting for >3hr, interfering with daily routines 4 No pricking sensation 0 Occasionally pricking sensation 1 Mild pricking sensation 2 Moderate pricking sensation 3 Severe pricking sensation 4 Stambha (Stiffness): Toda (Pricking Sensation): Gradings 16 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Spandana (throbbing): Journal of Ayurveda No Spandana 0 Mild, occasional, found in either group of muscles (buttock, back of thigh, back of leg) 1 Moderate, occasional, found in any two groups Aruci (Anorexia): of muscles. 2 Severe, often, present in all 3 groups of muscles. 3 Willing towards all Bhojan padarth. 0 Unwilling towards some specific Ahara but less than normal. 1 Unwilling towards some specific Rasa’s i.e Katu/ Tandra (torpor): Gaurava (Heaviness): Amla/ Madhura. 2 Unwilling for food but could take the meal. 3 Totally unwilling for meal. 4 Nil. 0 Lasting for more than 2hr, not interfering with ADL. 1 Lasting for 2-4 hr, interfering with ADL. 2 Lasting for 4-6 hr, interfering with ADL. 3 Lasting for >6hr, interfering with ADL. 4 No heaviness. 0 Occasionally feeling of heaviness. 1 Feeling of heaviness but not affecting ADL. 2 Feeling of heaviness, interfering with ADL. 3 Feeling of heaviness for longer duration. 4 SLR Test: SLR was measured and recorded for Statistical calculation Walking time (For 50ft) 30-40sec 0 40-60sec 1 60-80sec 2 >80sec 3 Laboratory Investigations: Observations And Results: Blood routine investigations In the present study, maximum numbers of patients were belonging to the age group of 30-50 years. People belong to this age group work hard to achieve their goal, Vata Prakopa tend to be more Urine routine investigations. X- Ray of lumbo-sacral spine AP-lateral view. 17 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 i.e. 40.47%. 33.33% had Vata Kapha Prakruti, 26.19% had Pitta Kapha Prakruti. In maximum number of patients the pain was gradual in onset, dragging nature of pain, course of pain was continuous and radiation towards left leg. The symptoms of Ruk, Stambha, Toda and Spandana were observed in all the 21patients. Tandra was observed in 47.5%, Gourava in 37.5% and Aruchi in 45% of the population. which leads to condition like Gridhrasi. Moreover, progressive dehydration of disc with advancing age is confirmed in recent studies[11]. In present study majority i.e 64.28% were males and 35.71% were females. Majority of patients belonged to Middle class 57.14%. Strenuous and long working hours added with improper posture may be the reason. Most of the patients in the study were house wives (26.19%). Strenuous work, improper postures and irregular food habits might have contributed in outcome. 76.19% of patients out of 21 were having mixed diet habit and 23.80% were of vegetarian diet habit. 33.33% of patients showed less Vyayama, Excessive Vyayama was observed in 28.57% of the population. A maximum number of patients were having history of sedentary lifestyle (38.09%), whereas, 33.33% were manual workers. Thus this study revealed that indulging in sedentary lifestyle has more risk than working class.[12] Persons with history of sedentary lifestyle might find difficulty to adapt towards strenuous work instantly. This might be the reason for the outcome.73.80% of the patients had disturbed sleep. It is quite evident that the character of pain in this disease disturbed the sleep of patient which is a well known cause for Vata Prakopa. Majority of patients had Vata Pitta Prakruti This study has revealed that Mustadi Yapana Basti has produced statistically highly significant relief in symptoms like Ruk, Sthambha, Toda, Spandana, SLR test and duration of walking time at the level <0.001. Statistical significant relief was observed in other symptoms like Tandra Aruchi and Gaurava too. Patients were observed twice at the interval of 8 days each. On follow up, the patients had statistically highly significant improvement at the level of <0.001 in all the signs and symptoms of Gridhrasi. This reveal that the improvement got after the treatment is sustained and improved further on follow up. 60% of the patients showed moderate improvement and 40% of the patients had mild improvement with intervention of Musthadi Yapana Basti. Table No 2 Effect Of Treatment In Signs And Symptoms After Treatment Signs and Symptoms Mean % SD ± SE “t” “p” Value Value BT AT Ruk 3.4 2.5 26 0.447 ± 0.100 9 <0.001 Stambha 3.4 2.35 31 0.223± 0.050 21 <0.001 Toda 3.1 2.2 29 0.307 ± 0.068 13.077 <0.001 Spandana 2.85 1.9 33 0.223 ± 0.050 19 <0.001 Tandra 0.9 0.6 33 0.470 ± 0.105 2.853 0.01 Aruchi 1.15 0.75 35 0.502 ± 0.112 3.559 0.001 Gaurava 0.9 0.6 33 0.470 ± 0.105 2.83 0.01 SLR test 43.25 48.5 12 1.118 ± 0.250 21 <0.001 2.6 4.55 40 0.394 ± 0.088 11.917 <0.001 Duration of walking test 18 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table No: 03 Effect Of Treatment In Signs And Symptoms On 16th Day Signs and Symptoms Mean % SD ± SE “t” “p” Value Value BT AT Ruk 3.4 1.5 56 0.718 ± 0.160 11.831 <0.001 Stambha 3.4 1.45 57 0.223± 0.050 39 <0.001 Toda 3.1 1.2 61 0.307 ± 0.068 27.606 <0.001 Spandana 2.85 1.15 60 0.571 ± 0.127 13.309 <0.001 Tandra 0.9 0.15 83 0.910 ± 0.203 3.683 0.001 Aruchi 1.15 0.4 65 0.910 ± 0.203 3.683 0.001 Gaurava 0.9 0.15 83 0.966 ± 0.216 3.470 0.002 SLR test 43.25 54 25 2.446 ± 0.547 19.648 <0.001 2.6 1.45 44 0.366 ± 0.081 14.038 <0.001 Duration of walking test Effect Of Treatment On Signs And Symptoms On 24th Day Table No: 04 Signs and Symptoms Mean % SD ± SE “t” “p” Value Value BT AT Ruk 3.4 1.35 60 0.604 ± 0.135 15.158 <0.001 Stambha 3.4 1.35 60 0.223± 0.050 41 <0.001 Toda 3.1 1.1 65 0.324 ± 0.072 27.568 <0.001 Spandana 2.85 1.15 60 0.571 ± 0.127 13.309 <0.001 Tandra 0.9 0.15 83 0.910 ± 0.203 3.683 0.001 Aruchi 1.15 0.4 65 0.910 ± 0.203 3.683 0.001 Gaurava 0.9 0.15 83 0.966 ± 0.216 3.470 0.002 SLR test 43.25 55.75 29 3.034 ± 0.679 18.419 <0.001 2.6 1.3 50 0.470 ± 0.105 12.365 <0.001 Duration of walking test Table No: 05 Overall Effect Of The Treatment Effect of Therapy No of patients % Cured 100 % Relief 00 00.0 Markedly Improved >75% Relief 00 00.0 Moderately Improved 50-75 % Relief 12 60% Partially Improved 25-50 % Relief 08 40% No Change <25 % Relief 00 00.0 19 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Discussion: Conclusion: Basti Karma is one of the prime modality of treatment for Vata Dosha. It has multi dimentional action viz Shodhana, Shamana, Bramhana, Lekhana etc. This treatment may be implemented in conditions where, either individual or combinations of Dosha are involved. So it is often considered as Chikitsaardha.[18] Yapana Basti being a variety of Madhu Tailika Basti can be administered at any time. Musthadi Yapana Basti, often called as Raja Yapana Basti, acts by the virtue of action of ingredients present in it. Mustadi Yapana Basti as a whole has Tridosha Shamaka action. It produces Shodhana action due to the presence of Madhana phala in it. Pancha Tikataka Ghritam plays a major role in the action of combination. Tikataka Saghrita Ksheera Basti is more praised in the management of Asthivaha Sroto Vikara. It is believed to impart Poshana, Shoshana and Kathinata to the Asthi. [19] Gridhrasi being one of the Vata Vyadhi involving Asthivaha Srotas might have got treated well through Mustadi Yapana Basti. Mamsarasa present in the Mustadi Yapana Basti might have played a major role in mitigating Vata and thus produced symptomatic relief in cases of Gridhrasi. Mustadi Yapana Basti is often considered as Napumsaka Basti due to Naati snigdha Naati Ruksha property. Thus it might have alleviated both Vata and Kapha. Kalka Dravyas viz Yastimadhu, Kutajaphala, Rasanjana, Priyangu & Satapushpa, having Vatapittahara and Vatakaphahara properties. Kwatha Dravya viz Musta, Ushira, Bala, Aragwada, Rasna, Manjistha, Katurohini, Trayamana, Punarnava, Vibhithaki, Guduchi, Saliparni, Prishniparni, Brihathi, Katakari, Gokshura and Madanaphala possess Vatapittahara, Vatakaphahara and Tridoshahara properties. This might be the reason for getting equal benefits in cases of Vataja and Vata Kaphaja varieties of Gridhrasi. During follow up study also results remained significant which proved that Mustadi Yapana Basti imparted good relief in the patients of Gridhrasi by relieving all signs and symptoms immediately after treatment and during follow up. Moreover, Basti is believed to impart significant improvement in Parihara Kala which is confirmed in the present study. Musthadi Yapana Basti provided significant relief in Ruk (26%), Stambha (31%),Toda (29%), Spandana (33%), Tandra (33%), Aruchi (35%), Gourava (33%), SLR test (12%) and Duration of walking (40%). In this series 12 patients showed Moderate Improvement (60%) and 8 patients showed mild Improvement (40%). There is sustained effect seen in Musthadi Yapana Basti on symptoms like Ruk, Stambha and SLR test. So it can be concluded that Musthadi Yapana Basti is effective in the management of Gridhrasi (sciatica). References 1. Punnett L, Prüss-Utün A, Nelson DI, et al. Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures. Am J Ind Med. 2005;48:459–469. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20232. 2. Woolf AD, Pfleger B. Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions. Bull World Health Organization. 2003;81(9):646–56. 3. Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon GE, Gater R. Persistent pain and well-being. A World Health Organization Study in Primary Care. JAMA. 1998;280(2):147– 51. 4. 5. Brooks P. Issues pain. Rheumatology. 5. Hoy D, March L, Brooks P, Blyth F, Woolf A, Bain C, et al. The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014. Epub 24 March 2014. 6. 9. Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2012;380:2198–227. 7. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. http:// www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/gbd Seattle: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; 2013 [6 June 2013]. 8. Brooks PM. The burden of musculoskeletal disease—a global perspective. Clinical Rheumatology. 2006;25 778–81. 9. Walker BF. The prevalence of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature from 1966 to 1998. J Spinal Disord. 2000;13:205–217. doi: 10.1097/00002517-200006000-00003. 10. Agnivesha: Charaka with chronic musculoskeletal 2005;44:831–3. Samhita with 20 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Chakrapani Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda edition(2005), 548. Theeka,edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhamba Samskrita Samsthana, reprint(2004), Chikitsa Sthana, 28:56, pp 619 Chikitsasthana:38:106-111,pp 547- 16. Agnivesha: Charaka Samhita with Chakrapani Theeka,edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhamba Samskrita Samsthana, reprint (2004), SiddhiSthana, 12:16-1, pp 731 11. Agnivesha: Charaka Samhita with Chakrapani Theeka,edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhamba Samskrita Samsthana, reprint(2004), Chikitsa Sthana, 28:59, pp 619 1 7 . Govinda Dasa: Baishajya Ratnavali,edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhamba Samskrita Samsthana, reprint(2004), 54:257-260, pp 633-634. 12. Agnivesha: Charaka Samhita with Chakrapani Theeka,edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhamba Samskrita Samsthana, reprint(2004), Chikitsa Sthana, 28:101, pp 621 1 8 . Agnivesha: Charaka Samhita with Chakrapani Theeka,edited by Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhamba Samskrita Samsthana, reprint (2004), Siddhi Sthana, 1:38-39, pp 683 13. Sushruta : Sushruta Samhita with Dalhana Theeka, edited by Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi,eighth edition(2005), Chikitsasthana:35:3,pp 525. 1 9 . Vagbhata: Asthanga Hridaya, with Vidyotini hindi commentary by Kaviraja Atridev Gupta, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Sutrasthana:11:30-33, pp 88. 14. Sushruta : Sushruta Samhita with Dalhana Theeka, edited by Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi,eighth edition(2005), Chikitsasthana:35:18, pp526. 15. Sushruta : Sushruta Samhita with Dalhana Theeka, edited by Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi,eighth 21 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study A Comparative Study of The Efficacy of Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried Crude Water Extract As PreMedication With Diazepam on The Emergence Reactions Of Ketamine Anaesthesia *Dr. Saval Pratap Singh Jadoun,** Dr.Rajesh Arora,***Dr. Narinder Singh Abstract Clinical trial of Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried CrudeWater Extract as a pre-medicant is conducted on 30 female patients undergoing various surgical procedures under Ketamine anaesthesia. An effort has been made during this study to clinically analyze the efficacy of Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried Crude Water Extract as pre-medication agent in comparison to the diazepam. Iit is found that both Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried Crude Water Extract& diazepam were not able to fully control the cardiovascular stimulations along with visual & auditory hallucinations, terrifying delirium during induction and vivid (pleasant or unpleasant) dreams, purpose less movements, psychotic behavior during emergence, but the patients in whom Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried Crude Water Extract as this was administrated continuously for seven days as pre-medication showed better control over these adverse reactions. The incidences of pre-procedure & post-procedure amnesia are significantly less in theTagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried Crude Water Extract as pre-medicated group. Keywords - Anaesthesia, Ketamine, Dissociation, Emergence phenomenon, Premedication. ‚Ê⁄Ê¢≥ÊÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ¬⁄ËˇÊáÊ „ÃÈ 30 ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ◊Á„‹Ê ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù Á¡ã„¥ ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÀÿ ÁR§ÿÊ ∑‘ Á‹∞ ‚Êﬂ¸ºÒÁ„∑§ ∑§Ë≈Ê◊ÊßŸ ‚¢ôÊÊ—„⁄áÊ ‚ ¬Íﬂ¸ Ãª⁄ ∑¢§º (ﬂÒ‹Á⁄ÿÊŸÊ ﬂÒÀøËÿÊß¸) ≥ÊÈc∑§ ¡‹ ÁŸÿÊ¸‚ ºŸ „ÃÈ øÿŸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– Ãª⁄ ∑¢§º (ﬂÒ‹Á⁄ÿÊŸÊ ﬂÒÀøËÿÊß¸) ≥ÊÈc∑§ ¡‹ ÁŸÿÊ¸‚ ∑§Ë ∑§Ê◊È¸∑§ÃÊ ∑§Ê Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ ∞ﬂ◊˜ ÃÈ‹ŸÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ «UÊÿ¡¬Ê◊ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ ¬˝Ë-◊Á«U∑§≥ÊŸ ∑‘ M§¬ ◊¥ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ß‚ •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ∞‚Ê ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ ∑§Ë Ãª⁄∑¢§º (ﬂÒ‹Á⁄ÿÊŸÊ ﬂÒÀøËÿÊß¸)≥ÊÈc∑§ ¡‹ ÁŸÿÊ¸‚ ∞ﬂ◊˜ «UÊÿ¡Ë¬Ê◊ Ÿ Nºÿ ©ûÊ¡∑§, ŒÎÁC ÷˝◊, ∑§áÊ¸ŸÊº, ¬˝‹Ê¬, ‚ê¬˝·áÊ, ÁﬂÁﬂœ (‚Èπº •ÕﬂÊ ºÈπº) SﬂåŸ, •ŸÒÁë¿U∑§ ªÁÃ ∞ﬂ¢ •S¬C ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ √ÿﬂ„Ê⁄ ∑§Ê •ÊÁﬂ÷Ê¸ﬂ Á◊‹Ê– ‹Á∑§Ÿ Ãª⁄ ∑¢§º (ﬂÒ‹Á⁄ÿÊŸÊ ﬂÒÀøËÿÊß¸) ≥ÊÈc∑§ ¡‹ ÁŸÿÊ¸‚ ¡Ù ‚ÊÃ ÁºŸ ¬„‹ ‚ ¬˝Ë-◊Á«U∑§≥ÊŸ ∑‘ M§¬ ◊¥ ÁºÿÊ ªÿÊ ©‚Ÿ ©¬ÿÈ¸Q§ •ÊÁﬂ÷Í¸Ã ÁR§ÿÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ù ⁄Ù∑§Ÿ ∑‘ Á‹∞ •ë¿UÊ ¬˝÷Êﬂ ÁºπÊÿÊ– ≥ÊÀÿ ¬Íﬂ¸ ∞ﬂ◊˜ ≥ÊÀÿ ¬pÊÃ˜ Ãª⁄ ∑¢§º (ﬂÒ‹Á⁄ÿÊŸÊ ﬂÒÀøËÿÊß¸) ≥ÊÈc∑§ ¡‹ ÁŸÿÊ¸‚ ‚ ©¬øÊÁ⁄Ã ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ◊¥ S◊ÎÁÃŸÊ≥Ê ¬˝÷ÊﬂË M§¬ ‚ ∑§◊ Á◊‹Ê– *M.S.(Ayu.) Scholar P.G.Dept of Shalya tantra N.I.A. Jaipur, **Consultant A anesthesiologist, N.I.A., Jaipur,***Asstt. Prof., P.G. Dept of shalya tantra, N.I.A., Jaipur 22 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Clinical Study A Comparative Study of The Efficacy of Tagar-Rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) Dried Crude Water Extract As PreMedication With Diazepam on The Emergence Reactions Of Ketamine Anaesthesia Dr. Saval Pratap Singh Jadoun, Dr.Rajesh Arora, Dr. Narinder Singh After thorough pre-anesthetic assessment including complete examination & routine investigations 30 female patients of age group 20-45 years posted for short surgical procedures under Ketamine I.V bolus dose of 2mg/kg body had been selected for the trial. These were randomly divided in three groups: Introduction Keatmine produces a most useful state of dissociative anaesthesia. The patient rapidly goes in to a trance like state, with widely open eyes & nystagmus before proceeding towards unconsciousness, amnesia & deep analgesia. Although it is a marvelous drug that has made many operations possible that would otherwise have been impossible for lack of a trained anesthetist & adequate equipment. Group A In this single dose of Tagar-rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) dried crude water extract 10mg/ kg body weight with a sip of water orally 2 hours prior to induction had been administered as premedication. Ketamine also has a few disadvantages as it produces frightening hallucinations, terrifying delirium, vivid (pleasant or unpleasant) dreams, purpose less movements, psychotic behavior during induction & emergence. These emergence reactions are common in young adults recovering from Ketamine anaesthesia, but are much less common in children & in very old patients. Several drugs, including haloperidole, can usually prevent these emergence reactions, but Promethazine or Diazepam1 are the best. Although these drugs often referred to as “premedication”, specifically to counter the undesirable emergence reactions. Group B In this group Tagar-rhizome (Valeriana wallichii) dried crude water extract 5mg/kg body weight twice daily for continuously 7 days orally prior to surgery, along with the similar dose 2 hours prior to induction had been administered as premedication. Group C (Standard group) In this group Diazepam 0.2 mg/kg body weight which had been administered 2 hours prior to induction through oral route, as premedication. Materials & Methods Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) Pure Root Herb Extract, is compared in two therapeutic doses Group A Single dose of Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) Pure Root Herb 10mg/ kg body weight with a sip of water approx. 2 hours prior to induction & Group B Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) pure Root Herb Extract 5mg/ kg body weight twice daily for continuously for 7 days prior to surgery ,along with the similar dose approx. 2 hours prior to induction.) with Group C (Standard group) diazepam 0.2 mg/kg body weight which is administered 1-3 min. prior to induction through I.V route. Atropine sulphate 2 as 0.02 mg/kg body weight and Ondasetrone 8 mg/kg body weight as per pre-medication had been given to all the patients. Before shifting to the OT thorough examination along with the proper recording of parameters viz. orientation, temp., R/R, P/R, & B.P had been done. Two memory picture cards for performing amnesia test, were shown to the patient & told them to remember these two pictures. 23 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were of Madhyam and Pravar Vyayam Shakti i.e. 36.66 % followed by Avar Vyayam Shakti(26.66%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e five patients belonging to group B were of Pravar Vyayam Shakti. Observation Period - 2 hour prior to Anaesthesia up to 7th- post operative period Follow up – up to 7 thpost operative day Observations Pre-operative Observations- Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were of Sthool Body Built i.e 53.33% followed by Madhyam Body Built (26.66%) and Krish Body Built i.e (23.33%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e seven patients belonging to group B were of Sthool Body Built. Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were having Pitta-kaphaj deh prakriti (40%) followed by vat kaphaj (33.33%) deh prakriti and kapha-Vataj deh prakrat i.e (26.66%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e six patients belonging to group B were of kapha-Vataj deh prakriti. On scrutiny it was observed that 50 % study subjects were having the history of sound sleep and 50 % of the study subjects were having the history of disturbed sleep. On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e seven patients belonging to group B that is 70% of the total were having history of sound sleep. Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were having Tamsik manas prakriti (53.33%) followed by rajsik manas prakriti (46.66%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e seven patients belonging to group B and A were of rajsik and tamsik manas prakriti respectively. On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e six patients belonging to group B that is 60% of the total were having history of exertinous physical labour. Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were of Pravar satva.i.e 36.66% followed by Madhyam satva (33.33%) and avar satva.e (30%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e five patients belonging to group B and C were of Pravr Satva. On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e six patients belonging to group B that is 60% of the total were belonging to Lower middle class segment. Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were of Madhyam sara i.e 63.33% followed by Pravr sara (13.33%) and avar sara i.e. (10%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e seven patients belonging to group B were of Madhyam sara. Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were of Madhyam sahanan i.e. 60 % followed by avrar sahanan (30%) and Pravar sahanan i.e. (10%). On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e. seven patients belonging to group A were of Madhyam Sahanan. On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e eight patients belonging to group B that is 60% of the total were married. Majority of the patients enrolled for the study were of either 20-25 years or of 41-45 years of age. On further scrutiny it was observed that majority of the patients i.e five patients belonging to group B were of the age group 41-45 years and majority of the patients i.e four patients belonging to group A and C. Table No -1 Showing Pre-operative Status of the vitals in study subjects Group No. of patients Average age Average systolic B.P Average diastolic B.P Average P/R Average R/R A 10 32.6 116.1 76.8 69.2 15.01 B 10 38.7 118.4 73.4 71.1 13.7 C 10 33.2 108.6 70.1 69.4 12.99 24 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Post –induction Assessment recovery periodic assessment were made every 1/2 hourly for 4 hours & 4 hourly for 12 hours. Recording of R/R, P/R, & B.P had been done along with the strict vigil upon nausea, vomiting or any type of emergence reaction i.e. visual & auditory hallucinations, nystagmus,3 terrifying delirium, vivid (pleasant or unpleasant) dreams, purpose less movements, psychotic behavior during recovery. After the patients had gained complete recovery few question regarding the experience of anesthatic drug administration/surgical procedure/recovery phase were asked along with the query about the two memory picture cards shown for performing amnesia test that were shown to the patient in pre-operative phase. Intra-venous line is maintained with 18-20 FG intra-venous cannula in all the patients. Just prior to induction proper recording of parameters viz. orientation, temp., R/R, P/R, & B.P had been done. After pre-oxygenation Ketamine in the dose of 2mg/kg body weight as bolus intra-venous was administered to all the patients. During the intraoperative phase a proper vigil was kept on the general condition & vitals of the patient. During intra-operative phase assessment were made every 5th minute. Peri–Procedure observations Patients were kept in recovery room under observation until they regained full recovery. During Table No- 2 showing The Variations In Vitals (After 5 min. of induction-Peri-operative) Group A B C Sign Mean diff S.D S.E ‘T’ ‘P’ Systolic BP 22.3 2.32 1.8 7.33 >0.05 Diastolic BP 10.1 2.84 1.2 6.2 >0.05 Pulse rate 10.9 2.32 1.31 2.5 >0.05 Resp. Rate 1.69 0.22 1.2 2.1 >0.05 Systolic BP 12.5 3.1 6.2 8.2 <0.001 Diastolic BP 4.1 4.5 2.8 5.2 <0.005 Pulse rate 8.2 3.5 2.32 4.8 <0.001 Resp. Rate 1.6 0.22 0.12 0.33 >0.5 Systolic BP 41.5 6.1 3.3 5.7 <0.001 20.50 5.6 4.2 5.43 <0.001 Pulse rate 22.6 7.2 3.9 6.7 <0.001 Resp. Rate 1.01 0.3 0.5 1.2 >0.05 Diastolic BP 25 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table No -3 Showing The Variation In Vitals (After 10 min of induction-Peri operative) Group A B C Sign Mean S.D S.E ‘T’ ‘P’ Systolic BP 33.2 4.4 2.1 6.22 <0.05 Diastolic BP 12.6 2.3 3.6 3.1 <0.05 Pulse rate 8.8 4.5 1.9 1.4 >0.05 Resp. rate 2.8 0.5 0.2 1.3 >0.05 Systolic BP 11.5 12.3 6.8 8.9 <0.001 Diastolic BP 10.6 6.8 3.2 6.0 <0.001 Pulse rate 8.8 4.3 3.5 4.6 <0.001 Resp. Rate 1.8 0.6 0.02 0.04 >0.05 Systolic BP 21.51 16.8 8.6 10.2 <0.001 Diastolic BP 14.60 8.9 6.6 9.0 <0.001 Pulse rate 12.80 12.9 8.2 6.1 <0.001 Resp. Rate 1.21 0.6 0.2 1.1 >0.05 Table No – 4 Showing The Variation In Vitals (After 2 hour of completion of procedure) Group A B C Sign Mean S.D S.E ‘T’ ‘P’ Systolic BP 12.1 4.8 3.6 5.98 <0.05 Diastolic BP 6.7 2.8 2.0 3.9 <0.05 Pulse rate 7.9 2.6 2.0 4.03 <0.05 Resp. rate 0.39 0.8 0.36 1.05 >0.05 Systolic BP 8.6 5.8 3.1 4.8 <0.001 Diastolic BP 4.7 5.8 2.9 2.3 <0.001 Pulse rate 6.7 5.0 1.0 2.3 <0.001 Resp. Rate 1.3 0.02 0.04 0.02 >0.05 Systolic BP 1290 10.2 4.6 3.9 <0.001 Diastolic BP 9.4 3.8 1.6 2.80 <0.05 Pulse rate 8.4 10.2 4.5 4.9 <0.001 Resp. Rate 1.19 0.5 0.12 0.5 >0.05 After induction and during procedure group B 80% patient has less variation(rise) in blood pressure and pulse rate as compared to. 40% in group C and 20% in group A. Group B showed comparatively less variation (rise) in Blood pressure & pulse rate (Hemodynamic status) as compared to group A & C. Statistical observation Induction was comparatively prompt in Group B 24.20 ± 0.36 seconds as compared to Group C (28.22 ± 2.16 seconds) and Group A patients (30.90 ± 3.10 seconds). Blood pressure & Pulse rate -Variation in the blood pressure and pulse rate was of less variation (rise) in group B as compared to group A & C. Respiration -Variation in the respiration 26 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda peculiarly absent in patients of Group B, was observed 10% in patients of Group C and 50% in patients of Group A. rate was of nearly equal significance in all the three groups. Respiratory pattern after induction and during procedure in group B 60% patients has regular where as 80% patients of group A were found irregular respiration. Hic cough was found 30% in group A, 20% in group B & 10% only in standard group C. Restlessness The restlessness was observed 10% in patients of Group B, was observed 30% in patients of Group C and 60% in patients of Group A. Depression The depression was observed 20% in patients of Group A and Group B and was observed 30% in patients of Group C. Delirium The delirium was observed 40% in patients of Group A, 30% in patients of Group C and 10% in patients of Group B. Over all statistical observation proves that on comparing Group A and Group B Group A is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group B. On comparing Group A and Group C, Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group C is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group B. Coughing were noticed in group A of patient 40& 10% in group B. Breath Holding (Apnea) were found 30% in group A, 20% in group B & 10% in group C. NO incidence of laryngospasm, bronhospasm were found in any group, no incidence of cough noticed in group C. On comparing Group A and Group C Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group B is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group C. Secretions - Increased salivary secretions were noticed in 20% of patients of group B and C, and 40% in group A. Anterograde Amnesia-The anterograde amnesia was observed 40% in patients of Group A, 20% in patients of Group C and 10% in patients of Group B. Excitatory phenomenon- Excitatory phenomenon were found in 10% patients of Group B, 20% patients of group C and 40% patients of group A. Retrograde Amnesia The retrograde amnesia was observed 10% in patients of Group A and Group C and was absent in patients of Group B. Adequacy of Anaesthesia 4 - Plane of Surgical anaesthesia was adequately achieved in 90% in patients of Group B as compared to 80%patients of Group C & 60% patients of Group A. Overall statistical observation on secretion, excitatory phenomenon, adequacy of anaesthesia proves that on comparing Group A and Group B, Group B is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. Vivid dreams Feeling of auditory/visual hallucination, visual disturbances, bizarre feelings, floating sensations & sickness, clonus, convulsion, headache, purpose-less movement nausea and vomiting were reported to different extent ranging from 0%-20% in group B which were comparatively less in comparison to group A and group C. Table No 5 Showing Acceptability of Ketamine anaesthesia in different groups5 On comparing Group A and Group C, Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group B is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group C. Calmness The calmness was observed, 90% in patients of Group B, 60% in patients of Group C and 40% in patients of Group A. Disorientation The disorientation Group Yes No Don’t know A 4(40%) 5(50%) 1(10%) B 7(70%) 2(20%) 0(0%) C 9(90%) 1(10%) 0(0%) Acceptability- Ketamine with Diazepam as pre-medication is found to be more acceptable (90%) was 27 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Question regarding surgical procedureKetamine with Diazepam as pre-medication is found to be more acceptable 60% in comparison to 400% acceptability in Group B (Tagar8) & 20% acceptability in group A. in comparison to 70% acceptability in Group B & 40% acceptability in group A. Overall statistical observation proves that on comparing Group A and Group B (Tagar6) Group B is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group A and Group C, Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group B is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group C. Overall statistical observation proves that on comparing Group A and Group B, Group B is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group A and Group C, Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. Neuro-psychiatric adverse reactions are comparatively less in a pre-treated patients of group B treated patients. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group B is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group C. Table No- 6 Showing Ques. Regarding Preanaesthetic drug Group A B C Good 1(10%) 6(60%) 7(70%) Satisfactory 2(20%) 2(20%) 3(30%) Unsatisfactory 7(70%) 2(20%) 0(0%) Table 9 Question Regarding recovery Period Group A B C Good 0(0%) 6(60%) 4(40%) Satisfactory 1(10%) 3(30%) 6(60%) Un-satisfactory 9(90%) 1(10%) 0(0%) Question regarding recovery periodKetamine with Diazepam as pre-medication is found to be more satisfactory 60% in comparison to 30% acceptability in Group B & 10% acceptability in group A. statistical observation proves that on comparing Group A and Group B, Group B is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. Diazepam as pre-medication is found to be more acceptable(70%) in comparison to 60% acceptability in Group B ( Tagar7 )& 10% group A. Overall statistical observation proves that on comparing Group A and Group B, Group B is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group A and Group C, Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A On comparing Group A and Group C, Group C is having better outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group A. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group B is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group C. On comparing Group B and Group C, Group B is having similar outcome in concern to the effect of intervention in comparison to group C. Probable mode of action Table No- 7 Showing questions regarding surgical procedure Group A B C Good 2(20%) 4(40%) 6(60%) Satisfactory 2(20%) 2(20%) 2(20%) Unsatisfactory 6(60%) 4(40%) 2(20%0 The effects of Tagar(Valeriana-wallichi) can be explained on the bases of it characters having effects on CNS viz. Sangya-sthapan, Medhya, Balya, Akshep-shaman, vedna-sthapan, nidrajanan & CVS viz. Hridya-niyamak & Rakta-bharshamak. As per current available literature this can be explained by the fact that the roots of Tagara contain Valerianic 28 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda acceptable as compared to Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) pre-treated patients of group A and B. acid (VA), Valerosidatum (iso-valery) glycoside, Valepotriates (a derivative of iridoid or monoterpene). VA in particular affects the GABA concentration at the corresponding receptors with GABA-A receptor modulation is responsible for its trenqulizing sedative and hypotensive actions. Suggestions During this study it is found that both Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) & diazepam were not able to fully control various emergence reactions, but the patients in whom the Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) was administrated continuously for seven days as pre-medication showed better control over these adverse reactions in comparison to the patients in which Tagar (Valeriana wallichi) was given in the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight as a single dose 2 hours prior to the surgery & diazepam pre-treated group. To establish this fact study with bigger sample size & more assessment criteria is needed. Conclusion Ø Present study was done on 30 female patients of age group 20-45 years posted for short surgical procedures under Ketamine I.V bolus dose of 2mg/kg body weight as sole anesthetic agent as emergence reactions are more commonly seen in females. Ø Induction was found to be more prompt in patients in which Tagar (Valerianawallichi)-is given in the dose of 5 mg/kg body weight as 7 days prior to the surgery twice daily. Ø Ø Ø Neither Tagar (Valerianawallichi) nor Diazepam efficiently controlled the rise in P/R & Respiration after induction with Ketamine as sole anesthetic agent. In Tagar (Valerianawallichi) pre-treated patients incidences of disorientation after recovery were significantly less. Feeling of auditory / visual hallucination, visual disturbances, bizarre feelings, floating sensations & sickness are less in Tagar (Valerianawallichi) pre-treated patients in which this was administrated in the dose of 5mg/kg body weight twice daily for seven days prior & than in immediate pre-operative phase. Ø Incidence of vivid dreams were seen in 10 % of the patients in all the groups. Ø Anterograde amnesia was significantly less in group B pre-treated patients as compared to group A pre-treated group Ø References- Retrograde amnesia is not seen in group B pretreated patients & is seen in 10% patients of group A and C pre-treated group. Ø Neuro-psychiatric adverse reactions are comparatively less in pre-treated patients of group B treated patients. Ø In regard to acceptability Ketamine with Diazepam as pre-medication is found to be more 1. Martin SM. The effect of diazepam on the body temperature change in human being cold exposure. J clim pharmacol 1985; 25: 611-13 2. matsukawa T, et al. atropine prevent midazolaminduced core hypothermia in elderly patients. J clin anesth 2001; 13: 504-8 3. Elder MJ. Diazepam aand its effect on visual field. Aust N Z J opthalmol 1992; 20: 267-70 4. Ben-Shlomo I, et al. Midazolam acts synergistically with fentanyl for induction of anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1900; 64:45-7 5. Kumagai K, et al. Antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic properties of diazepam demonstrated by electrophysiological study in humans. Clin Cardiol 1991; 14: 397-401 6. The decoction prepaired from haridra (Curcuma langa Linn.) Vidang ( Embelia ribes Burm.), tagar and daruharidra(Berberis aristata DC.) is used to management of kaphaj premeha. 7. An ointment is used in headache, chest and shoulder pain of yakshma patient, prepaired from satpuspa (Anethum sowa), yastimadhu (Glycryrrhiza gabra Linn.), kushta (Saussura lappa Linn.), tagar and chandan (Santalum album Linn.). 8. Used as vishagn, an imporent constituents in Mritijeevanagada, mahagandhahastiagada, masayadi yoga, kutajadi pradhaman nasaya. 29 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study Clinical Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Kusthadi Churna With Udumbaradi Tail In The Management Of Karnini Yonivyapada W.S.R. To Cervical Erosion *Dr.Chaurasia Ranju Kumari ** Dr. Diksha Khathuria ***Prof. C.M. Jain ****Dr. B. Pushplatha Abstract: Karnini yonivyapad is one of the gynaecological disorder in Ayurveda are found under the umbrella of the yonivyapad. According to the sign and symptoms, it is more nearer to the disease, cervical erosion. Benign lesion is sometimes much troublesome due to its chronicity and nature of recurrence. It is the replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium of the portio-vaginalis by the columnar epithelium of endocervix. The treatment is designed to destruct the columnar epithelium by any methods and to promote the re-epithelization of the squamous tissues. Keeping this point in view, the present clinical trial, clinical evaluation of efficacy of kusthadichurnawith udumbaradi tail in the management of karniniyonivyapad with special reference to cervical erosion” was taken.The kusthadichurna was applied locally on the eroded area and pichu of udumbaradi tail was used in one group, and other group contain only pichu ofudumbaradi tail, and result were assessed on the basis of the epithelization of erosion and improvement in the symptoms. The study reveals that the mixed therapy group showed better results than thesingle druggroup. Key words: Karnini, Cervical Erosion, Yonivyapad, Benign Lesion ‚Ê⁄Ê¢‡Ê∑§ÁáÊ¸ŸË ÿÊÁŸ√ÿÊ¬º (‚ﬂ¸Êß∑§∂ ß⁄Ù¡Ÿ) ◊Á„‹Ê•Ê ◊¥ „ÙŸ ﬂÊ∂Ë √ÿÊÁœ „Ò, ¡Ù ¬˝¡ŸŸ ∑§Ê∂ ∑§Ë •ﬂSÕÊ Ã∑§ „ÙÃË „Ò – ‚ﬂ¸Êß∑§∂ ß⁄Ù¡Ÿ ◊¥ ∑§Ù∂ÈêŸ⁄ß¬ËÁÕÁ∂ÿ◊ ¡Ù Á∑§ ‚ﬂ¸Êß∑§∂ ∑Ò§ŸÊ∂ ◊¥ ⁄„ÃË „Ò, ’…∏U∑§⁄ ª÷Ê¸‡Êÿ ª˝ËﬂÊ◊Èπ ∑§Ù …∏∑§ ∂ÃË „Ò– Á¡‚∑§ ∑§Ê⁄áÊ ÿÙÁŸ ‚ ∂ªÊÃÊ⁄ ‡ﬂÃ dÊﬂ „ÙÃÊ „Ò– ß‚∑§Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê Ÿ „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ÿ„ √ÿÊÁœ ∑Ò§ã‚⁄ ∑§Ê L§¬ œÊ⁄áÊ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§ÃË „Ò– ÿ„ √ÿÊÁœ ∑§»§ ∑§Ë ﬂÎÁh ÃÕÊ •¬ÊŸ ﬂÊÿÈ ∑§ ﬂÒªÈáÿ ‚ „ÙÃË „Ò¢– •Ã— ∑§»§ ﬂÊÃ ŸÊ‡Ê∑§ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∂Ê÷ºÊÿ∑§ „Ò¢– ¡ÙÁ∑§ ’…UË „Èß¸ ∑§Ù∂ÈêŸ⁄ß¬ËÁÕÁ∂ÿ◊ ∑§Ù Ÿc≈ ∑§⁄– •Ã— ß‚ ‡ÊÙœ ∑§Êÿ¸ ◊¥ L§ÇáÊÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ŒÊ ﬂªÊZ ◊¥ ÿÕÊ “∞” ﬂª¸; (∑È§c∆ÊÁº øÍáÊ¸ •ÊÒ⁄ ©ºÈê’⁄ÊÁº ÃÒ∂ ∑§Ë Á¬øÈ) ÃÕÊ “’Ë” ﬂª¸ (©ºÈê’⁄ÊÁº ÃÒ∂ ∑§Ë Á¬øÈ) ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊª∑§⁄ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§Ë ªÿË „Ò– Á¡‚◊¥ “∞” (∑È§c∆ÊÁº øÍáÊ¸ •ÊÒ⁄ ©ºÈê’⁄ÊÁº ÃÒ∂ Á¬øÈ) ‚ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ¬Á⁄áÊÊ◊ “’Ë” ﬂª¸ (©ºÈê’⁄ÊÁº ÃÒ∂ ∑§Ë Á¬øÈ) ∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ •ë¿U ¬Á⁄áÊÊ◊ ¬˝Ê# „È∞ „Ò¢– * P.G. Scholar of Prasuti-StreeRoga, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, ** P.G. Scholar of Prasuti-StreeRoga, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur,*** Retd. Prof. and Head, Department of Prasuti-StreeRoga, NIA, Jaipur, ****Asst Prof., Department of Prasuti-StreeRoga, NIA, Jaipur. 30 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Clinical Study Clinical Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Kusthadi Churna With Udumbaradi Tail In The Management Of Karnini Yonivyapada W.S.R. To Cervical Erosion Dr.Chaurasia Ranju Kumari, Dr. Diksha Khathuria, Prof. C.M. Jain, Dr. B. Pushplatha Introduction: system as well as psychological imbalance in the patient needs attention.4 When looking in to the Ayurvedic literature it becomes evident that all the gynaecological disorders are included in the yonivyapad. No direct reference regarding the karniniyonivyapad is present in the text which make it’s resemblance with cervical erosion. However, considering the pathology and main symptoms of cervical erosion, discharge and erosion (like in karnika) and the treatment mentioned in the Ayurvedic texts, it can be correlated with the karniniyonivyapad. On the basis of the etiology we can conclude that karniniis chiefly the disease of reproductive age group, and is more commonly seen in sexually active female.1 Nidanasevanvitiate the vata (apanavayu). Kha-vaigunya is present in the artavahastrotas so here the vitiated vataget mixed with kaphadosha and raktadhatu and in this way the doshadushyasammurchana is completed. Adhisthana of disease is the garbhashayadwaramukha i.e. cervix, so in the stage of vyaktaavashtha, karnika is formed here which is the cardinal symptom of karniniyonivyapada. So the Ayurvedic treatment having the properties of lekhana, sodhana, ropana, stambhana, kaphaghna can effectively cure this disease. Kaphavatashamakdoshakarma of drugs in the trial group were responsible for sampraptivighatana of karniniyonivyapada as vitiation of vatakaphadosha is responsible for this disease.5 Cervical erosion is one of the commonest gynaecological conditions seen in the OPDs. About 80% women suffer from the cervical erosion i.e. benign condition of female genital tract during their life time. It is not an area denuded of epithelium as its name implies.2 It appears as red velvet like area or raw-looking granular appearance on the ectocervix when visualized with speculum.In cervical erosion the cervix is not eroded and there is no ulceration, the reason to make cervix look red and raw is that the columnar epithelium is much thinner than the squamous epithelium and so the underlying blood vessels seen more clearly from outside. 3 Although the cardinal symptom of the disease is excessive vaginal discharge, but often the long term sequel of the disease like lower abdominal pain, lower back ache, fatigue, joint pain etc become too much troublesome to the patients and start affecting their daily routine. So they visit the physician with this problem posing them as their chief complaint. In chronic stage it can show malignant changes. So treatment must be started as soon as the diagnosis of erosion is confirmed. Though it is not fatal, yet the long term association with the disease and a number of symptoms both related to the genitourinary Over all the aim of treatment is to destruct the over grown columnar epithelium by use of local drugs. After the destruction of the columnar epithelium the normal squamous epithelium from the basal cell grows and heals the erosion.6 To enhance this process of epithelization, drugs were used which helps in the healing and regeneration of the tissue.With this background, drugs named ‘kusthadi churna (same ingredients of Kusthadi Varti of Charaka Chikitsa 30/109) for local application on the eroded area for about 10 minutes, and after washing it with sterile water a pichu soaked in the udumbaradi tail was put in the vagina for about 4-6 hours. A comparative study has been made to see the effect of the kusthadi churna with udumbaradi tailand udumbaradi tailpichu in cervical erosion. Kusthadi churna7 (all the content of Kusthadi Varti Ch. Chi 30/109) the drug were collected and, dried in shade, and churna was prepared with the help of grinder, trituration of this churna was done with 31 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 vastamutra for twenty one time and dried in shade every time. Udumbaradi Tail (Ch, Chi. 30/73-76) was prepared according to ‘TailaPakaVidhi’ mentioned in Sharangdhara Samhita. Paka was done till 5 days daily for two hours on manda heat) till the samyakalakshana of madhyamapaka were obtained. Exclusion criteria: Women of age less than 18 and above the age of 45 years, Adolescent girl, Pregnant women, Organic pathology of uterus and adnexae like cervical carcinoma,any malignant growth, Patient having coagulation disorders, Patient having 2nd and 3rd degree of prolapsed, HIV, VDRL, HBsAg positive patients, Patient using I.U.C.D., Patient having Genital tuberculosis, Diabetes mellitus, Congestive cardiac failure. Aims And Objective: 1 . To study the pathogenesis and concept of cervical erosion as per Ayurvedic and modern literature. Grouping of Patients: Group A: Kusthadichurnaas local application on eroded area andUdumbaradi Tail Pichuboth were given maximum seven seating alternate day for maximum two consecutive menstrual cycles. 2. To compare the clinical efficacy of kusthadichurna and udumbaradi tail pichu and only udumbaraditailapichu in the management of karnini yonivyapad (cervical erosion) and to assess the reduction in the symptoms of both subjective as well as objective criteria. Group B: Udumbaradi tail pichu administered for fourteen days for maximum two consecutive cycles after the bleeding phase of menstrual cycle. 3. To study any side effect related to the drug. 4. To stablish the Ayurvedic treatise in the management of cervical erosion. The treatment should be started after bleeding phase of menstrual cycle is over. Abstinence from sex will be advised during the period of treatment. Patients were called for drug application on the 2nd or 3 rd day after clearance of menstrual flow. Material And Methods Study designRandomized control trial, Open trial, on a single centre. Investigation-Blood-Hb, T.L.C, D.L.C, E.S.R, R.B.S, HIV, HBsAg, VDRL, MT, Urine for routine and microscopic examination,Pap’s smear for cervical cytology. All investigations were done before and after the completion of trial. Selection of cases l Total 30 clinically diagnosed and confirmed cases of cervical erosion were registered for the present clinical trial, from the O.P.D. / I.P.D. of P.G. Department of Prasuti-StreeRoga, National Institute of Ayurveda(N.I.A.) Hospital, Jaipur. l Those patients were selected who had given ‘informed consent’. l Selected patients were examined thoroughly with the help of proforma especially designed for the study. Assessment Criteria1. Inclusion criteria l l Clinically diagnosed and confirmed patients of cervical erosion who were married and having the age in between 18-45 years, were registered for the present clinical trial. Amount of Vaginal Discharge 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : Persistent vulvae moistening only. 2 (++) : Persistent staining of undergarments 3 (+++) : Profuse / heavy and needs applying of vulval pads 2. Pruritis vulvae Patient willing to go through trial. 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : Itching occasionally 32 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda 2 (++) : Itching during day & night with disturbed sleep 2 (++) : Pain increase on exertion, not relieved by rest 3 (+++) : Intolerable itching 3 (+++) : Day & night & relieved by pain killers & rest 3. Dysmenorrhoea 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : Mild pain throughout the day but B. Objective parameters 1. Extent of cervical erosion:8 Cervix was measured at six to eight different angles with modified compass and measurements were marked on a graph paper having 100 divisions in one square inch and shape and size of cervix was drawn. Now the area covered with erosion was also measured and drawn on the graph paper over diagram of cervix. The squares of graph paper covered with cervix and erosion were counted separately and percent area of cervix covered with erosion was calculated by following formula. relieved by rest 2 (++) 3 (+++) : Moderate pain interfering physical activity & not relieved by rest : pain interfering physical activity & relieved by taking analgesics 4. Pain in lower abdomen 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : Mild pain throughout the day but relieved by rest No. of square covered with erosion 2 (++) : Moderate pain interfering physical activity & not relieved by rest 0 (-) : No erosion 3 (+++) : pain interfering physical activity & relieved by taking analgesics 1 (+) : Erosion covering less than 25% area of cervix. 2 (++) : Erosion covering, 26 to 50% : Erosion covering 51 to 75% as No. of square covered with cervix 5. Fatigue X 100 0 (-) : Absent 3 (+++) 1 (+) : Occasionally on doing heavy work 4(++++) 2 (++) : After doing extra work 2. Oozing of blood on rubbing with a gauze piece 3 (+++) : Even without doing work 6. Joint Pain Erosion covering 75% to above 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : 3-5 pin points of oozing on rubbing with gauze 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : Pain increase on exertion, relieved by rest 2 (++) : >5 pin points of oozing on rubbing with gauze 2 (++) : Pain increase on exertion, not relieved by rest 3 (+++) : Excessive oozing / bleeding on touching with gauze 3 (+++) : Day & night & relieved by pain killers & rest Statistical analysis - All the information which were based on various parameters were gathered and statistical study was carried out in terms of mean (x) standard deviation (S.D), standard error (S.E.) paired test. (t. value) Finally result were shown in terms of probability (P) as p>0.05Insignificant, p<0.05-Significant, p<0.01 and P<0.001- Highly significant 7. Lower Backache 0 (-) : Absent 1 (+) : Pain increase on exertion, relieved by rest 33 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Observation And Results - The observation and results were concluded in 2 groups1. General demographic profile of the patients under study. 2. Clinical observation of group A and group B Table No.I: Shows the incidence of sign and symptoms of cervical erosion. Sign and Symptoms Group A Group B Total %age a)Vaginal Discharge 15 15 30 100% b)Pruritus vulvae 2 6 8 26.66% c)Dysmenorrhoea 5 7 12 40% d)Pain in lower abdomen 10 11 21 70% e)Fatigue 12 15 27 90% f)Joint pain 6 7 13 43.33% g)Low back pain 13 12 25 83.33% h)Erosion on cervix 15 15 30 100% i)oozing of blood on rubbing with gauze 15 15 30 100% Results of assessment criteria given belowTable No.II: Shows the pattern of clinical recovery in various symptoms of Cervical erosion in 15 patients treated with Kusthadi Churna and Udumbaradi Tail Pichu’ - Group A S Symptoms No. Mean BT AT Dif % of SD SE P Results Change (±) (±) value 1. Vaginal discharge 2.2 0.53 1.66 75.75 0.488 0.126 <0.0001 E.S 2. Dysmenorrhoea 0.8 0.2 0.6 75 0.91 0.23 0.0625 NQS. 3. Pruritus Vulvae 0.26 0.06 0.2 75 0.56 0.14 0.50 N.S. 4. Lowerabdominal pain 1.33 0.26 1.06 80 1.09 0.28 .0039 V.S. 5. Fatigue 2.46 1.46 1 40.54 0.84 0.21 0.0024 V.S. 6. Joint Pain 0.933 0.5 0.4 42.85 0.63 1.163 0.0625 NQS 7. Lower Backache 2.2 1.2 1 45.45 0.84 0.21 0.001 E.S. Table No.III: Showing the pattern of clinical recovery in various objective parameters of Cervical Erosion in 15 patients treated with KusthadichurnaandUdumbaradi Tail Group A. S Symptoms No. 1. Extent of erosion 2. Oozing of blood on rubbing with a gauze piece. Mean Dif % of SD SE t P Res- Change (±) (±) value value ults BT AT 1.66 0.53 1.13 68 0.83 0.21 5.26 0.0001 E .S. 1.6 0.466 0.13 70.833 0.51 0.13 8.5 <0.0001 E .S. 34 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table No.IV: Shows the pattern of clinical recovery in various symptoms of cervical erosion in 15 patients treated with ‘ Udumbaradi Tail’ - Group B S Symptoms No. Mean BT AT Dif % of SD SE P Results Change (±) (±) value 1. Vaginal discharge 2.4 1.53 0.86 36.11 0.63 0.16 0.001 E.S. 2. Dysmenorrhoea 1.2 0.5 0.8 57.89 0.96 0.24 0.0156 S. 3. Pruritus Vulvae 1.26 0.6 0.66 52 1.2 0.31 0.0625 NQS. 4. Lower abdominal pain 1.67 0.6 1.06 64 0.96 0.24 0.0020 V .S. 5. Fatigue 2.3 1.5 0.8 34.28 0.82 0.21 0.0010 E .S. 6. Joint Pain 0.86 0.26 0.6 69 0.82 0.21 0.0313 S. 7. Lower Backache 1.46 0.53 0.93 63.63 0.79 0.20 0.0020 V.S. Table No.V: Shows the pattern of clinical recovery in various objective parameters of Cervical Erosion in 15 patients treated with Udumbaradi Tail pichu. S Symptoms No. 1. Extent of erosion 2. Oozing of blood on rubbing with a gauze piece. Mean Dif % of SD SE t P Res- Change (±) (±) value value ults BT AT 1.86 1.26 0.6 32.14 0.73 0.19 3.15 0.0070 V .S. 1.467 1.067 0.4 27.27 0.63 0.16 2.44 0.0281 S. 35 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table No.VI: Shows the % improvement of symptoms and signs in both groups Cardinal Symptoms Result In Percentage Group A Group B 75.75 % 36.11% Dysmenorrhoea 75% 57.89% Pruritis Vulvae 75% 52% Lower abdominal pain 80% 64% Fatigue 40.54% 34.28% Joint Pain 42.85% 69% Lower Backache 45.45% 63.63% Extent of erosion 68% 32.14% 70.83% 27.27% Vaginal discharge Oozing of blood on rubbing with gauze. 36 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table No.VII: Overall effect of therapy S. Effect of therapy No. of patients No. Group A % Group B % 1 No relief 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 Mild relief 25% 0 0% 5 33.33% 3 Moderate Relief 26-50% 6 40% 5 33.33% 4 Significant relief 51-75% 5 33.3% 3 20% 5 Excellent Relief 76-100% 4 26.7% 2 13.33% Discussion: region,or the vitiation of apana vayu may cause the increase frequency of micturation.There was no definite relationship found between menstrual disturbances and cervical erosion. Observation related to parity showed that the incidence of the disease increases with the parity because 50% patients among study were having parity more than two this is because during child birth there is more chances of development of cervical erosion due to Akalevahamanaya. 70% patients were of VK prakriti, it deals with the causative dosha involved in this disease was also vataand kapha so these patients were more prone to suffer from vitiation of vatakaphadosha. 40% patients had duration of illness was in between 1-2, this shows the chronicity nature of the disease, symptomless in starting but along with due course of time when associated with other complications, then only the patients visit a doctor. 53.33% were showing normal sized cervix, followed 46.67% patients were having hypertrophied Discussion on demographic data9 The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 31-35 (36.67%). This incidence of age manifest that the disease mainly affects the reproductive age group as the period is the greater sexual activity, child birth, abortion, trauma, and infections. 100% women were married. This shows that the disease is more prone to the sexually active females. Maximum patients belong to Hindu religion i.e. 63.33%, may be due to Hindu dominant population. Maximum 73.33% were housewife, this may be due to they often neglect their own health related issue and remain busy in family care. Maximum 40% of patients were educated up to primary level only; this may be because of their unawareness towards health care. Maximum 56.67% were having increased micturition, may be due to the local irritation of the organ near by the cervical 37 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 cervix. Cervix become hypertrophied when there was any infection present as incidence of vaginal discharge, and maximum no. of patients were having mucoid discharge i.e. in maximum patient there were involvement of secondary infection was absent this direct related with condition of cervix i.e. it was normal in size. 66.67% were showing erosion on both lips of cervix, 53.33% were having erosion on cervix up to 25% area of the cervix, followed by 23.33% patients in whom the extent of erosion was between 26-50%and 51-75% which was probably due to the reason that generally the disease is symptomless in starting but along with due course of time when associated with other complications, then only the patients visit a doctor. Due to chronicity of disease more area of cervix may be involved in erosion. squamous cell formed properly the vaginal discharge will minimize. Pruritis vulvae: This is because antimicrobial & anti-inflammatory activities was present in almost 80-90% drugs of udumbaraditaila. As the symptoms present in few patients (2 patients in group A and 6 patients in group B) in both group that’s why the improvement was insignificant. Dysmenorrhoea: Maximum percentage of relief was found in group A,this may be because of anti-inflammatory activities were present in almost 80-90% drugs and uterine tonic effect of udumbaraditaila, which may helps in decrease prostaglandin secretions which is major cause of the pain during menses. Lower abdominal pain : Maximum percentage of improvement i.e. 80% was recorded in group A. Improvement was very significant in both the groups almost equal and differences were minimal, because in both the group the sothahara, and anti-inflammatory drugs are present due to which the congestion in the lower abdomen is minimized. Improvement in group B is more because of the presence of the Arka and pippali of kusthadi churna which having the analgesic properties. Discussion of comparison of Results between Group-A & Group-B Vaginal discharge and extent of erosion: Out of total 100% patient complained for vaginal discharge and having eroded cervix. It may be due to the hyperplasia of cervical glands, which causes the excessive vaginal discharge and over growth of columnar epithelium which make cervix to look roded. Corresponding to epithelization of cervical erosion the vaginal discharge was one of the symptoms also disappeared earlier in more number of cases in group A. Use of the udumbaradi tail probably preventedcongestion or hyperamemia, thus prevented regeneration of superficial few columnar cell left over after destruction by kusthadichurna and helped in better epithelization. Antiinflammatory activities of arka, pippali, kustha and saindhav in the kusthadichurna along with the garbhashayashothahara, stambhanaand uterine tonicproperties of udumbaraditail. The reepithelization takes place rapidly on the destruction of the columnar epithelium. Most of drug present in the kusthadichurna having the anti-inflammmatory, antiseptic and antimicrobial activities which helps in fast healing of the erosion area, which may helped in decrease vaginal secretion, and also prevent invasion of the microorganisms. Most of the drugs n i kusthadichurna having deepana, pachan properties, this may increase the metabolic activities of the cell and the generation of new DNA materials so that new squamous cell are formed. As the Fatigue : This is due to overall effect of kusthadichurna and udumbaraditailapitchu which decreases in amount of vaginal discharge (shwetapradar) which is also responsible for fatigue. Joint Pain : Percentage of improvement i.e. 42.85% was recorded in group A and 34.28% in group B. This was probably due to virtue of sukshma, vyavayi and vikasiguna of taila, due to these properties drug is easily absorbed thorough the mucosa when taila used alone. Tail is the best vatashamaka. The joint pain is produced by the effect of Vata. So it gives considerable relief in lower backache. Oozing blood from erosion on rubbing with gauze piece : It was reduced in both groups and improvement was more in group A. Changes in haematological investigations In all the two groups although some improvement was noticed i.e. group A followed by improvement in group B but the result were not significant. 38 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Conclusion: References l Bahirparimarjanchikitsa in the form of kusthadichurna and udumbaradi taila pichu group A is highly effective in disintegration of the pathogenesis of the disease. 1. Dadlani Bharti ; Nidanatmaka Study of Karnini Yonivyapad with special reference to Chronic Cervicitis with Erosion 2003 , P.G. Deptt. of Rog Nidana & VikritiVigyana , National Institute of Ayurveda l Re-epithelisation occurs earlier when both the trial drugs kusthadi churna and udumbaradi taila pichu (Group A) are used in combination, it become more effective in removing of karnika (nobothian follicles) and managing the associated chronic cervicitis as compared to udumbaradi tailapichu. 2. Dutta D.C, Text book of Gyanaecology.fifth Edition: revised reprint: 2009; Kolkata; New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd, 2008. 3. Howkins and Bourne, shaw’s textbook of gynacology. Elsevier publications; 14 th edition 2008. 4. Berek & Novak’s Gynaecology, 14 th edition, edited by Jonathen S. Berek, Lippincott William & Wilkins Publishers 5. Tiwari Premvati, Ayurvedia Striroga, Vol.2 Second Orientalia Varanasi;1999. Better results was observed in Group A patients, suggest that probably both the drugs kusthadi churna and udumbaradi taila pichu act synergistically, the therapeutic effects of are potentiated with the use of udumbaradi taila pichu. 6. Herrison’s principle of internal medicine, Hill Companies Publication, 16 th edition. 7. Charaka, CharakaSamhita, ChikitsaSthan 30, Vol.2 Commented By ShastriKashinath And ChaturvediGorakhanath, Published By ChaukhambhaBharti Academy, Varanasi, Reprint Year 2003. Comparing the symptomatic improvement in both groups it was found that overall relief was highest in group A followed by group B i.e. Hence it can be concluded that combined use of kusthadi churna and udumbaradi taila pichu is effectively helps in managing the disease cervical erosion. But in joint pain and low back pain the relief was seen well in group B. 8. http://www.google.com/derekeqplan.hmt on 25 Dec. 2012. 9. Kulkarni RN, Durge PM: Role of socioeconomic factors and cytology in cervical erosion in reproductive age group women: Indian J Med. Sci.2002,Dec. 56 (12): 598-601 l l l l No adverse effect or complications is produced with the use of this treatment. This is treatment is safe economic, non surgical, very effective and can be used for treatment of cervical erosion Prasuti tantra Avam Edition. Chaukamba Infertility was not taken in assessment criteria of this trial. But it was observed that relief in infertility associated due to the erosion by this drug. Out of 30 registered patients 3 were conceived after trial was completed. So the drug should be used for the treatment of infertility associated with cervical erosion. 39 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com site McGraw visited Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study Anatomical Explanation on method of Abhyanga w.s.r. to muscle attachments *Dr. Sunil Kumar, **Dr. Jula Rani, ***Dr. Sunil Kumar Yadav Abstract: Massaging the body with oil in specific direction is well known by the name Abhyanga in Ayurveda. The beneficial effects of this process are brought about by the medicines as well as the manoeuvres adopted for this process. A survey carried out among one hundred patients of fifty Ayurvedic centres revealed that in the upper limb, lower limb and back regions, the direction of Abhyanga was mainly from origin to insertion of muscle and random method was employed over the chest and abdomen. The comparative effectiveness of two different methods of Abhyanga was tested through a clinical trial and the results showed that, the direction of Abhyanga from origin to insertion of muscle is more effective than the random method. Key words: Abhyanga, muscle attachments ‚Ê⁄Ê¢≥ÊÃ‹ mÊ⁄Ê Áﬂ≥Ê· Áº≥ÊÊ ◊¥ ≥Ê⁄Ë⁄ ∑§Ë ◊ÊÁ‹≥Ê ∑§Ù •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ •èÿ¢ª ∑‘ ŸÊ◊ ‚ ∑§„Ê ªÿÊ „Ò– ß‚ ¬˝ÁR§ÿÊ ∑§Ê ‹Ê÷∑§Ê⁄Ë ¬˝÷Êﬂ ¡Ò‚Ê •ÊÒ·Áœ ‚ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò ﬂÒ‚Ê „Ë •èÿ¢ª ÁﬂÁœ ‚ ÷Ë ¬˝Ê# „ÙÃÊ „Ò ß‚ ¬˝ÁR§ÿÊ ◊¥ 100 •ÊÃÈ⁄Ê¥ ◊¥ •èÿ¢ª ÁﬂÁœ ∑§Ê 50 •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áº∑§ ∑§ãŒ˝Ù¥ ¬⁄ ©äﬂ¸ ≥ÊÊπÊ, •œ— ≥ÊÊπÊ, ∑§ÙD ÃÕÊ ¬ÎD ¬⁄ •ﬂ‹Ù∑§Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ •èÿ¢ª ÁﬂÁœ ∑§Ë Áº≥ÊÊ ◊ÈÅÿÃ— ©äﬂ¸ ≥ÊÊπÊ, •œ— ≥ÊÊπÊ ÃÕÊ ¬ÎD ◊¥ ◊Ê¢‚¬≥ÊË ∑§Ë ©jﬂ SÕ‹ ‚ ÁŸﬂ‡Ê SÕ‹ ‚ ÁŸﬂ‡Ê ∑§Ë •Ê⁄ ÕË ÃÕÊ ©º⁄ •ÊÒ⁄ ﬂˇÊ ◊¥ •ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Ã Áº≥ÊÊ ∑§Ê ©¬ÿÙª Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– •èÿ¢ª ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ ßŸ ºÙ ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ÁﬂÁœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÃÈ‹ŸÊà◊∑§ ¬˝÷Êﬂ ∞∑§ ŸÒºÊÁŸ∑§ ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ mÊ⁄Ê ¬⁄ËÁˇÊÃ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ Á¡‚‚ ÿ„ ¬Á⁄áÊÊ◊ „È•Ê ∑§Ë •èÿ¢ª ∑§Ë •ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Ã Áº≥ÊÊ ∑§Ë •¬ˇÊÊ •èÿ¢ª ∑§Ë ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Ã Áº≥ÊÊ ¬≥ÊË ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁÃ ‚ ÁŸﬂ≥Ê ∑§Ë •Ê⁄ ÖÿÊºÊ ‹Ê÷∑§Ê⁄Ë „Ò– *Associate professor, PG Dept. of Sharira Rachana, NIA, Jaipur, **PG Scholar, Dept. of Sharira Rachana, NIA, ***Assistant professor, PG Dept. of Sharira Rachana, NIA, Jaipur 40 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Jaipur, Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Clinical Study Anatomical Explanation on method of Abhyanga w.s.r. to muscle attachments Dr. Sunil Kumar, Dr. Jula Rani, Dr. Sunil Kumar Yadav Introduction 2. To compare the effectiveness of Abhyanga of two different methods: from origin to insertion of muscle direction and random direction i.e. without any particular direction excluding origin to insertion of muscle direction. Abhyanga therapy is an ancient practice which predates the Vedic period. Early humans practiced life-sustaining ways, for manipulating the body to produce strength, mobility, flexibility and memory which interlaced with the cosmos. Application of oil over the body followed by massage in specific directions is well known by the name Abhyanga in Ayurveda.1 Abhyanga is not a simple procedure of oil application and manoeuvres rather it maintains the excellence of body tissues, if the oil applied is suitable for the Prakriti of the patients.2 Hence it is recommended in normal persons for routine daily practice. Added to this in a plethora of diseases Abhyanga has curative effect by the pharmacological action of the drugs used in the processing of the oil.3 Considering these advantageous effects of this special manoeuvre, in the promotion and maintenance of health in the healthy, as well as cure of illness in diseased, this procedure has gained ample importance in the clinical practice. Thus two factors are responsible for the beneficial effects of Abhyanga; the drug and the method employed for this process. Neither the Ayurvedic classics nor the modern Ayurvedic books depict the modus operandi of Abhyanga. Thus practitioners adopt their own way for conducting this process. The study was designed to conduct in two parts: (1) survey study and (2) clinical study. Survey: The survey was done to draw information about the method of Abhyanga and to deduce its relationship with the muscular system. The information was collected from Ayurvedic doctors and traditional Vaidyas. Materials and Methods A questionnaire was prepared for the survey in a view to get information about the methods of Abhyanga adopted at various centres. Fifty Ayurvedic Panchakarma centres were selected randomly from Kerala and Rajasthan and sent the questionnaires. The doctors were asked to fill up two questionnaires for two separate cases. Out of fifty, doctors of 47 centres were responded and based on the questionnaire, doctors observed the Abhyanga procedures and filled up two questionnaires of different cases and sent back. Assessment The study entitled as “Anatomical explanation on method of Abhyanga w.s.r to muscle attachments” is aimed to find out the relationship in between method of Abhyanga and muscle attachments. Survey is the right option for collecting the details of different methods of Abhyanga which is in practice. Thus a survey about the method of Abhyanga was conducted among Ayurvedic doctors and traditional Vaidyas. An assessment chart was made in order to compare the act of Abhyanga and the attachments of muscle fibres.4 The superficial muscles which form the contour of the body were listed and the direction of Abhyanga was compared with each muscle Observations of survey study: 1. Over the limbs, 76 (80.85%) patients showed, the direction of Abhyanga as from origin to insertion of muscle, 16(17.02%) patients showed random type of Abhyanga, and 2 (2.13%) patients showed the direction of Abhyanga as from insertion to origin of muscle. Methodology Aims of the study 1 . To find out the relationship between method of Abhyanga and the muscle attachments. 41 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table No.1 showing the relationship between the method of Abhyanga and the attachments of superficial muscles of upper limb Region Muscle Direction of Abhyanga No. of patients From origin to insertion of muscle From insertion to origin of muscle Random No. % No. % No. % Upper arm Deltoid 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Upper arm Biceps brachii 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Upper arm Triceps brachii 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Forearm Superficial flexors of forearm 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Forearm Superficial extensors of forearm 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Hand Thenar muscles 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Hand Hypothenar muscles 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Table No.2 showing the relationship between the method of Abhyanga and the attachments of superficial muscles of lower limb Region Muscle Direction of Abhyanga No. of patients From origin to insertion of muscle From insertion to origin of muscle Random No. % No. % No. % Gluteal Gluteus maximus 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Thigh Quadriceps femoris 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Thigh Hamstring muscles 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Leg Tibialis anterior 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Leg Calf muscles 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Foot Flexor digitorum brevis 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Foot Abductor digiti minimi 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 Foot Abductor hallucis 94 76 80.85 2 2.13 16 17.02 2. Over the chest and abdomen, 28 (29.79%) patients underwent Abhyanga of the direction from origin to insertion of muscle and 66 (70.21%) patients underwent random way of Abhyanga. The direction of Abhyanga from insertion to origin of muscle was not found in this region. 42 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table No.3 showing the relationship between the method of Abhyanga and the attachments of superficial muscles of chest and abdomen Region Muscle Direction of Abhyanga No. of patients From origin to insertion of muscle From insertion to origin of muscle Random No. % No. % No. % Chest Pectoralis major 94 28 29.79 0 0 66 70.21 Abdomen External oblique abdominis 94 28 29.79 0 0 66 70.21 Abdomen Rectus abdominis 94 28 29.79 0 0 66 70.21 3. Over the back, the direction of Abhyanga was from origin to insertion of muscles in 68 (72.34%) patients, 22 (23.40%) patients underwent random type of Abhyanga and 4 (4.26%) patients showed the direction of Abhyanga from insertion to origin of muscle. Table no.4 showing the relationship between the method of Abhyanga and the attachments of superficial muscles of back Region Muscle Direction of Abhyanga No. of patients From origin to insertion of muscle From insertion to origin of muscle Random No. % No. % No. % Back Trapezius 94 68 72.34 4 4.26 22 23.40 Back Latissimus dorsi 94 68 72.34 4 4.26 22 23.40 Results of survey study The survey results showed that in the upper and lower limbs the direction of Abhyanga was mainly from origin to insertion of muscle direction (80.85%). Random type of Abhyanga was found in 17.02% and insertion to origin type was found in 2.13%. Table no.5 showing the results of survey study Sl. Direction of Abhyanga Region No. Origin to insertion of muscle Insertion to origin of muscle Random 1 Upper limb 76(80.85%) 2(2.13%) 16(17.02%) 2 Lower limb 76(80.85%) 2(2.13%) 16(17.02%) 3 Chest and abdomen 28(29.79%) 0(0%) 66(70.21%) 4 Back 68(72.34%) 4(4.26%) 22(23.40%) 43 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 at the end of the clinical trial, and follow up was done after one month. Clinical study: A clinical trial of Abhyanga was conducted on Katigraha patients in order to compare the effectiveness of method of Abhyanga, done from origin to insertion of muscle and Abhyanga done randomly (Abhyanga without a particular direction). Criteria for assessment The difference in the scores at the end of the clinical trial from the scores recorded at the beginning of the clinical trial was taken as the assessment criteria of the study. Methodology: The study was conducted at department of Panchakarma, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur. 60 cases of Katigraha were selected randomly according to the proforma prepared for this purpose after thorough examination. The patients were divided into two groups of equal size: Group A and Group B. In GroupA Abhyanga was done from origin to insertion of muscle while in Group B random method of Abhyanga was adopted. Observations Of Clinical Study Symptoms and signs of Katigraha 100% of both groups had low back ache (LBA) as the main presenting complaint. The pain was radiated to back of the leg in 73.33% of total patients and 98.33% of total patients had movement restriction of various degree. 85% of total patients complained of difficulty to climb steps and tenderness over the lower back were elicited in 60% of total cases. Straight leg raising test was positive for 75% cases with various degrees. Period of clinical trial: The duration of clinical trial was 2 weeks. Follow up study: Each case was reviewed Table No.6 and Graph No.1 Showing the symptoms and signs of Katigraha Sl. No Symptoms Grp A % Grp B % 1 LBA* 30 30 30 100 100 2 Pain radiates to back of leg 30 23 21 76.66 70 3 Difficulty to climb steps 30 29 22 96.66 73.33 4 Movement restriction 30 30 29 100 96.66 5 Tenderness over the lower back 30 21 15 70 50 6 SLR** 30 24 21 80 70 *LBA – low back ache Total patients Number of patients Group A Group B **SLR - straight leg raising test 44 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda The symptom score for difficulty in climbing steps was 50 before the trial and 19 after the trial. Movement restriction showed a symptom score of 56 before the trial and 15 after the trial. Symptom score for tenderness over the lower back was 22 before the trial and 4 after the trial. Straight leg raising test showed a symptom score of 49 before the trial and 15 after the trial. 1. Pattern of symptom relief in GroupA patients The symptom score for low back ache was 88 before the clinical trial and was reduced to 37 after the trial, which showed a relief of 40.8%. The associated symptom, pain radiates to back of leg was relieved by 67.86%. Its symptom score was 47 before the trial and was reduced to 9 after the trial. Table No.7 Symptom scores before and after the clinical trial in Group A Group Symptoms 1 LBA 88 37 51 40.8 2 Pain radiates to back of leg 47 9 38 67.86 3 Difficulty in climbing steps 59 19 40 51.28 4 Movement restriction 56 15 41 57.75 5 Tenderness over the lower back 22 4 18 69.23 6 SLR 49 15 34 53.13 *BT – Before treatment Symptom score BT* Symptom Symptom score AT** score difference Symptom score difference % **AT – After treatment Pattern of symptom relief in Group B patients Low back ache showed a symptom score of 82 before the trial and 46 after the trial. The symptom score for pain radiates to back of leg was 38 before the trial and 23 after the trial. Difficulty in climbing steps showed a symptom score of 41 before the trial and 27 after the trial. Symptom score for movement restriction was 48 before the trial and 24 after the trial. Before the trial symptom score for tenderness over the lower back was 19 and after the trial it was reduced to 12. Straight leg raising test showed a score of 34 before the trial and was reduced to 24 after the trial. Table No. 8 Symptom scores before and after the clinical trial in Group B Group Symptoms 1 LBA 82 46 36 28.13 2 Pain radiates to back of leg 38 23 15 24.59 3 Difficulty in climbing steps 41 27 14 20.59 4 Movement restriction 48 24 24 33.33 5 Tenderness over the lower back 19 12 7 22.58 6 SLR 34 24 10 17.24 *BT – Before treatment Symptom score BT* Symptom Symptom score AT** score difference Symptom score difference % **AT – After treatment 45 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 shows that all the t values are more than the table value at 0.1% level. Thus, the method of Abhyanga of Group A is effective for reducing the symptoms of Katigraha. Results of clinical study - The outcomes of the clinical trial are tabulated below. Effects of Abhyanga on symptoms of Group A patients In Group A, symptoms were reduced considerably after the clinical trial. Paired t test Table No. 9 Showing effect of Abhyanga on symptoms of Group A patients Sl. no. Symptom 1 LBA 2 3 4 5 6 Time of Mean assessment symptom score SD SE BT 2.933 ±0.583 ±0.106 AT 1.233 ±0.817 ±0.149 Pain radiates to BT 1.567 ±0.935 ±0.171 back of leg AT 0.300 ±0.466 ±0.085 Difficulty to BT 1.967 ±0.556 ±0.102 climb steps AT 0.633 ±0.556 ±0.102 Movement BT 1.867 ±0.629 ±0.115 restriction AT 0.500 ±0.572 ±0.104 Tenderness over BT 0.733 ±0.740 ±0.135 the lower back AT 0.133 ±0.346 ±0.063 SLR test BT 1.633 ±1.098 ±0.2 AT 0.500 ±0.630 ±0.115 Mean t difference value P value 1.700 15.624 <0.001 1.267 7.990 <0.001 1.333 13.359 <0.001 1.367 12.173 <0.001 0.600 5.288 <0.001 1.133 7.999 <0.001 Effects of Abhyanga on symptoms of Group B patients In Group B there is marked difference in symptom scores after the clinical trial. The t value of paired t test shows that the results are statistically significant. Hence the clinical trial is effective for reducing the symptoms of Katigraha. Table No.10 Showing effect of Abhyanga on symptoms of Group B patients Sl. no. Symptom 1 LBA 2 Time of Mean assessment symptom score SD SE BT 2.733 ±0.450 ±0.082 AT 1.533 ±0.730 ±0.133 Pain radiates to BT 1.267 ±0.907 ±0.166 back of leg AT 0.767 ±0.679 ±0.124 Mean t difference value P value 1.200 10.770 <0.001 0.500 4.349 <0.001 46 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 3 4 5 6 Journal of Ayurveda Difficulty to BT 1.367 ±0.890 ±0.162 climb steps AT 0.900 ±0.712 ±0.130 Movement BT 1.600 ±0.563 ±0.103 restriction AT 0.800 ±0.484 ±0.088 Tenderness over BT 0.633 ±0.718 ±0.131 the lower back AT 0.400 ±0.498 ±0.091 SLR test BT 1.133 ±0.860 ±0.157 AT 0.800 ±0.714 ±0.13 0.467 4.474 <0.001 0.800 9.049 <0.001 0.233 2.971 <0.005 0.333 3.808 <0.001 1. Comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on LBA: Group A upon Group B Since the student t test is statistically significant, the Abhyanga method used in Group A is more effective than Group B to relieve LBA statistically. Table No. 11 Showing comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on LBA: Group A upon Group B Sl. Group Mean SD SE Mean Difference t value P value 1 A 1.7 ±0.586 ± 0.107 0.5 3.267 <0.001 2 B 1.2 ±0.6 ± 0.110 2. Comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on pain radiates to back of the leg: Group A upon Group B The student t test is statistically significant at 0.1% level. Therefore, Abhyanga employed in Group A is more effective than Group B for relieving the symptom, pain radiates to the back of the leg statistically. Table No. 12 Showing comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on pain radiates to back of the leg: Group A upon Group B Sl. Group Mean SD SE Mean Difference t value P value 1 A 1.267 ±0.854 ± 0.156 0.767 3.97 <0.001 2 B 0.5 ±0.619 ± 0.113 3. Comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on difficulty to climb steps: Grp A upon Grp B Since the t value of student t test is more than the table value at 0.1% level, the test is statistically highly significant. Hence the Abhyanga method employed in Group A is more effective than Group B to relieve the symptom, difficulty to climb steps statistically. Table No. 13 Showing comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on difficulty to climb steps: Group A upon Group B Sl. Group Mean SD SE Mean Difference t value P value 1 A 1.333 0.537 ± 0.098 0.866 6.098 <0.001 2 B 0.467 0.562 ± 0.103 47 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 4. Comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on movement restriction: Group A upon Group B Student t test proved that the test is highly significant at 0.1% level. Thus the method of Abhyanga employed in Group A is more effective than Group B to improve movement restriction statistically. Table No. 14 Showing comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on movement restriction: Group A upon Group B Sl. Group Mean SD SE Mean Difference t value P value 1 A 1.367 0.604 ± 0.110 0.567 4.139 <0.001 2 B 0.8 0.447 ± 0.081 5. Comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on tenderness: Group A upon Group B The t value of student t test showed that the test is significant at 1% level. So Abhyanga method used in Group A is more effective than Group B to reduce tenderness statistically. Table No. 15 Showing comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on tenderness: Group A upon Group B Sl. Group Mean SD SE Mean Difference t value P value 1 A 0.6 0.611 ± 0.112 0.367 2.698 <0.01 2 B 0.233 0.423 ± 0.077 6. Comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on SLR test: Group A upon Group B Since t value of student t test is more than the table value at 0.1% level, the test is highly significant. Thus the Abhyanga method used in Group A is more effective than Group B to improve the test straight leg raising statistically. Table No. 16 Showing comparative effectiveness of Abhyanga on SLR test: Group A upon Group B Sl. Group Mean SD SE Mean Difference t value P value 1 A 1.133 0.763 ± 0.139 0.8 4.878 <0.001 2 B 0.333 0.471 ± 0.086 Discussion The results obtained after the clinical trial were as follows: Survey study - The Mamsapeshi (muscles) form the smooth outer contour of the body. Since it is derived from the Mamsadhatu through the act of Vata Dosha during the foetal period, Vata Dosha must have dominance in its performance. 5 Muscles are the prime movers and Vata Dosha is responsible for movements. Contraction and relaxation of muscle fibres brings about all types of movements in the body and the motor nerve fibres provide sufficient impulses to the muscles. Abhyanga stimulates the cutaneous nerve endings, muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs and fibres of the autonomic nervous system. 6 1 . The clinical trial was effective for relieving the symptoms of Katigraha in both groups (Paired t test done after the clinical trial was highly significant for both groups). 2. The Abhyanga method of Group A (from origin to insertion of muscle direction) is more effective than that of Group B (random method). Student t test conducted to compare the effectiveness of Abhyanga between the groups proved that Abhyanga method of group A is more effective than Group B. 48 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Twenty superficial muscles / muscle groups were selected for the study. Deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, extensors of forearm, flexors of forearm, thenar muscles and hypothenar muscles were selected from the upper limb for the study. The muscles selected from the lower limb were gluteus maximus, hamstring group muscles, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, calf muscles, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi and abductor hallucis. The superficial muscles of upper and lower limbs have linear orientation. They have a proximal origin and, cross one or more joints and inserted into a lower region. 7 Since superficial muscles of upper and lower limbs have this type of attachments Abhyanga from above downwards means a direction from origin to insertion of muscle. to the arm pit. The fibres of external oblique abdominis arises from the ribs and passes downwards and laterally towards the groin, and that of rectus abdominis passes upwards from the midline to the sternum. 7 Thus all these muscles form a circular course roughly, begin and end at the sternum. 66 (70.21%) cases were presented with random type of Abhyanga over the chest and abdomen. Since muscles of chest and abdomen cover the vital organs, while performing Abhyanga importance was given to the underlying organs rather than the muscles. So a soft massage is preferred in these sites without harming the underlying structures and no preference was given to the direction of muscle fibres. Direction of Abhyanga from insertion to origin of muscle was not found over the chest and abdomen. In the upper and lower limbs Abhyanga was carried out from origin to insertion of muscles in 76 (80.85%) cases, and in 16 (17.2%) cases, the Abhyanga was done without any particular direction (randomly). Only 2 (2.13%) cases showed Abhyanga direction, from insertion to origin of muscle. Clinical study - Low back ache, pain radiates to back of leg, difficulty to climb steps, movement restriction, and tenderness over the low back and straight leg raising test (SLR test) were the symptoms taken for assessment. The symptoms of Katigraha are caused by vitiation of Vata Dosha. 8 Since Abhyanga is a treatment for vitiated Vata Dosha it relieves the symptoms of Katigraha in both groups.9 Paired t test conducted after the clinical test is highly significant, which proved that the clinical trials of both groups are effective for relieving the symptoms of Katigraha. The comparative effectiveness of two Abhyanga methods was tested statistically by student t test. The t values of student t test were highly significant, which proves that the Abhyanga from origin to insertion is more effective than the random method of Abhyanga. Over the back of neck, the Abhyanga was commenced from the cervical spine and passes downwards and laterally towards the shoulder in 68 (72.34%) cases, which is the origin and insertion of trapezius (descending part) muscle.7 And the centre part of the back was massaged from the thoracic spine to the shoulder in the same cases, i.e. the middle and ascending parts of trapezius. In the lower back, 68 (72.34%) cases showed the direction of Abhyanga as from the lower back to the shoulder that means along the direction of origin to insertion of latissimus dorsi muscle.7 Presumed mechanisms of Abhyanga therapy on Katigraha - After the clinical trial it was obvious that, Abhyanga was truly effective for relieving the symptoms of Katigraha. Since Katigraha is a Vata predominant disease, measures that help to pacify the Vata Dosha are prescribed for this condition.8 Abhyanga is one of the Upakramas (prescriptions) for Vata Dosha. It provides both Snehana and Swedana, which is the basic treatment principle of Vata Roga. 10 Proper Snehana and Swedana offered at the right time, in a patient of Vata Roga, helps to alleviate its symptoms.10 On the back, 22 (23.40%) cases underwent Abhyanga randomly, i.e. they did not follow any particular direction, or in other words muscle attachment was not considered in these cases. 4 (4.26%) cases showed direction of Abhyanga, from insertion to origin of muscles. Direction of Abhyanga on the chest and abdomen showed that, 28 (29.79%) cases underwent Abhyanga along the direction of origin to insertion of muscles. Pectoralis major, rectus abdominis and external oblique abdominis muscles were selected from the region, chest and abdomen. Pectoralis major muscle covers the front of chest wall and converges The theories regarding the analgesic effects of Abhyanga include the gate theory, the serotonin hypothesis, and the restorative sleep hypothesis. 11 49 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 were not disturbed, instead it provides a soothing effect and also manipulate the deep fascia in a favourable manner. This way of Abhyanga is also supportive for the neurovasculatue of skeletal muscles. This methodical process is good enough to bring about flexibility at joints. On the other hand the Abhyanga of random type disrupt the muscle bundles as it is handled physically without considering the muscle arrangement. According to gate theory, pressure receptors are longer and more myelinated than pain fibres, and thus the pressure signals from Abhyanga are transmitted faster, closing the gate to pain signals. The serotonin hypothesis maintains that massage increases levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that modulates the pain control system. The restorative sleep hypothesis holds that because substance P, a neurotransmitter associated with pain is released in the absence of deep sleep, the ability of Abhyanga to increase restorative sleep, reduces substance P and consequent pain. Conclusions The outcomes of the study are as follows: In essence, Abhyanga create Vatanuloma, i.e. it pacifies the Vata Dosha. Abhyanga is the manipulation of soft tissues of the body. Hence its method has crucial role, to bring about the desired tasks in the body. Most of the Ayurvedic practitioners conducted Abhyanga, along the direction of body hair, since this direction is Anuloma to Vata Dosha (calm down the Vata Dosha). The course of muscle fibres from origin to insertion is identical to the direction of body hair in most part of the body. Thus an Anuloma direction of Ayurvedic view is same as origin to insertion of superficial muscles. Survey study revealed that: 1 . The direction of Abhyanga, over the limbs and back of the body was from origin to insertion of muscle, in majority of cases. 2. Over the chest and abdomen, random type of Abhyanga was mainly employed. 3. The direction of Abhyanga from insertion to origin of muscle, was not found in the region of chest and abdomen, and is negligible in limbs and back. 4. Random type of Abhyanga comes in the second position after origin to insertion of muscle direction of Abhyanga. Skin, fascia and muscles are the structures that get benefits through this process. The superficial fascia can stretch in any direction and adjust quickly to strains of all kinds.12 The smooth coating of deep fascia permits neighbouring structures to glide and slide over one another. The collagen fibres of the deep fascia are oriented in a wavy pattern parallel to the direction of pull. Deep fasciae are flexible structures able to resist unidirectional tensile forces until the wavy pattern of the fibres has been straightened by the pulling force.13 Clinical trial revealed that: 5. The direction of Abhyanga from origin to insertion of muscle was more effective than the random type of Abhyanga, to relive the symptoms of Katigraha. References The microscopic structure of muscle shows that, it is composed of parallel fibres, enveloped in connective tissue sheath. The epimysial, perimysial and endomysial sheaths coalesce where the muscles connect to adjacent structures: tendons, aponeurosis and fasciae.4 The vessels course and branch within the connective tissue framework of the muscle, with the smaller arteries and arterioles ramifying in the perimysial septa and giving off capillaries that run in the endomysium. While the smaller vessels lie mainly parallel to the muscle fibres they also branch and anastomose around the fibres forming an elongated mesh. When abhyanga was conducted from origin to insertion of muscle, the muscle fibres and bundles 1. Kasthuri Haridas Vaidya, Ayurvedeeya Panchakarma Vijnaan, Illahabad: Sri Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Ltd, Seventh Edition 2003, pages 104-107 2. Ashtanga Samgraha of Vagbhata, Hindi Commentary By Kaviraj Atridev Gupt, Edited By Rajvaidya Nandkishor Sharma Bhishgaacharya, Published By Choukamba krishnadas academy Varanasi (2011) Sutrasthana 3/55, Page29 3. Sushutra Samhita of Sushutra With Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika, Hindi Commentary By Kaviraja Ambika Dutta Shastri, Published By Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan , Varanasi. Reprint 2009, (Su. Chi. 24/30)Page133 4. Gray, Henry, Williams. Peter. L, Bannister, Lawrence H, Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis 50 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda of Medicine and Surgery,38th Livingstone (1995) edition, Churchill Choukhambha (A.Hr.Su.13/1) Prakashan Page 96 Varanasi,, Reprint 2007 5. Sushutra Samhita of Sushutra With Ayurveda Tatva Sandipika, Hindi Commentary By Kaviraja Ambika Dutta Shastri, Published By Choukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi. Reprint 2009, (Su.Sha.4/28)Page42 9. 6. Internet 7. Romanes G.J, Cunningham’s Manual of Anatomy, Volume-1 and 2, Oxford publication (2006) 8. Astanga Hridaya of Vagbhata With Vidyotini The Commentary By Kaviraj Atridev Gupt, Edited By Vaidya Yadunandan Upadhyay, Published By 1 0 . Astanga Hridaya of Vagbhata With Vidyotini The Commentary By Kaviraj Atridev Gupt, Edited By Vaidya Yadunandan Upadhyay, Published By Choukhambha Prakashan Varanasi,, Reprint 2007 (A.Hr.chi.21/6-7) Page 416 references about massage Practical medical Astanga Hridaya of Vagbhata With Vidyotini The Commentary By Kaviraj Atridev Gupt, Edited By Vaidya Yadunandan Upadhyay, Published By Choukhambha Prakashan Varanasi,, Reprint 2007 (A.Hr.chi.21/4) Page 416 1 1 . Internet references about the effects of massage 1 2 . www.learnmuscle.com 1 3 . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia Clinical Study A Clinical Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Patolyadi Kwath & Kampillakadi Tail In The Management Of Vrana *Dr.Shikha Nayak, **Dr.B.B.Pandey, ***Dr. B. Swapna Abstract: Sadyo-Vrana with a correlation to traumatic wound is frequently encountered into routine life and routine surgical practice. The patient demands the relief of pain and healing simultaneously. The incidence of traumatic wound has risen significantly, therefore, taken up in the present study with an objective to provide relief from pain and complete healing. Based on Ayurvedic principles, 30 patients suffering from traumatic wounds were selected. Complete history and clinical data were recorded in a specific designed Performa and divided into three Groups, viz. Group-A: sterile gauze dressing after cleaning with normal saline. Group-B: Treated with Patolyadi Kwath prakshalan and dressed with sterile dressing materials and GroupC: Treated with application of Kampillakadi Tail followed by Patolyadi Kwath prakshalan and dressed with sterile dressing materials. Duration of treatment in all three Groups was 7 days. After therapy statistical analysis concluded that Group- C showed better result in comparison to Group-A and Group-B. Key words: Sadyo Vrana, Agantuja Vrana, Traumatic Wound, Patolyadi Kwath, Kampillakadi Tail. ‚Ê⁄Ê¢‡Ê ‚l ∞ﬂ¥ •ÊªãÃÈ¡ ﬂ˝áÊ „◊Ê⁄Ë ºÒÁŸ∑§ ¡ËﬂŸ ‡ÊÒ∂Ë ﬂ ‡ÊÀÿ •èÿÊ‚ ∑§ ºÊÒ⁄ÊŸ ‚ﬂÊ¸Áœ∑§ ◊ÊGÊ ◊¢ •ÊŸ ﬂÊ∂Ê ﬂ˝áÊ „Ò– M§ÇáÊ √ÿÁÄÃ ﬂºŸÊ ‡Ê◊Ÿ ﬂ ﬂ˝áÊ ⁄Ù¬áÊ ∑§Ë ‚ﬂ¸¬˝Õ◊˜ •¬ˇÊÊ ∑§⁄ÃÊ „Ò– •ÊªãÃÈ¡ ﬂ˝áÊ ∑§ ’…U∏Ã •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ ∑§Ù äÿÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄π∑§⁄ ©¬⁄ÙÄÃ ‡ÊÙœ ∑§Êÿ¸ ﬂºŸÊ ‡Ê◊ŸÊÕ¸ ﬂ ﬂ˝áÊ ⁄Ù¬áÊÊÕ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áº∑§ ÃâÿÙ¥ ¬⁄ ÁŸœÊ¸Á⁄Ã ÉÊÎc≈ ﬂ˝áÊ ‚ ¬ËÁ«∏Ã 30 ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ‡ÊÙœ ◊¥ ‚ê◊Á∂Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄Ë •¢Á∑§Ã ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§ ¬‡øÊÃ˜ 30 ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë 3 ªÈ˝¬ ◊¥ R§◊‡Ê— ª˝È¬-∞ (10 ⁄ÙªË) Á¡‚∑§Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ŸÊ◊¸∂ ‚∂ÊßŸ ¬˝ˇÊÊ∂Ÿ ﬂ ¡ËﬂÊáÊÈ ◊ÈÄÃ ﬂ˝áÊ ’ãœŸ ‚ ∑§Ë ªÿË– ª˝È¬-’Ë (10 ⁄ÙªË) Á¡‚∑§Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ¬≈ÙÀÿÊÁº `§ÊÕ ¬˝ˇÊÊ∂Ÿ ﬂ ¡ËﬂÊáÊÈ◊ÈÄÃ ﬂ˝áÊ ’ãœŸ ‚ ∑§Ë ªÿË– ª˝È¬- ‚Ë (10 ⁄ÙªË) ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ¬≈ÙÀÿÊÁº `§ÊÕ ¬˝ˇÊÊ∂Ÿ ∑§ ¬‡øÊÃ˜ ∑§Áê¬Ñ∑§ÊÁº ÃÒ∂ Á‚¢ÁøÃ Áﬂ∑§Á‡Ê∑§Ê ﬂ ¡ËﬂÊáÊÈ◊ÈÄÃ ﬂ˝áÊ ’ãœŸ ‚ ∑§Ë ªÿË– ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê •Áﬂœ 7 ÁºŸ Ã∑§ ⁄Ù¡ÊŸÊ ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄ ∑§Ë ⁄πË ªÿË– ‚Ê¢Åÿ∑§Ëÿ •Ê∑§∂Ÿ ∑§ ¬‡øÊÃ˜ ÿ„ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ Á∑§ ª˝È¬-∞ ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄áÊÊ◊ •ãÿ ºÙŸÙ¥ ª˝È¬ ‚ •ë¿UÊ ⁄„Ê– *M. S. Scholar, **Asst. Prof., ***Asstt Prof., P.G. Dept. Of Shalya-Tantra, N.I.A., Jaipur. 51 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study A Clinical Study To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Patolyadi Kwath & Kampillakadi Tail In The Management Of Vrana Dr. Shikha Nayak, Dr. B.B. Pandey, Dr. B. Swapna Introduction: 2. Follow up period –7 days (changes were assessed on 3rd day, 5th day, 7 th day), where Initial sign & symptoms were taken as 1st day (i.e. B.T.). Vrana may be classified as Nija & Agantuj, where Sadyovrana 1 with a correlation to traumatic wound are of six types and free from Tridosha involvement which may be converted into Dustavrana if not treated properly. In Sadyovrana, pain, edema and fresh bleeding are main features .So basic principle of management runs through2 –Shothahara and Rakta stambhaka aushadhi prayoga (that should have Vedana shamaka guna, Shodhan and Ropana karma) and pathya -apathya prayoga .Kampillakadi tail application after washing by Patolyadi kwath seems to possess above mentioned properties and hypothetical support. The results are encouraging. This study has opened a new avenue for further exploration in the field. 3. Inclusion Criteria – i. Patients having traumatic wounds up to 6x8 cm. size of any site. ii. Acute traumatic wound (upto 4 weeks). iii. Patients of 20-50 year age Group of any sex. 4. Exclusion Criteria – i. Infected wounds. ii. Punctured, stabbed & surgical wounds. iii. Wound with systemic involvement and morbid changes. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Patolyadi Kwath and Kampillakadi Tail in the management of Sadyo Vrana (traumatic wound). vi. Wound with visceral, bony & spinal injury. 5. Investigation: Complete blood count., Blood sugar, Urine examination. Materials & Methods: 1. Method of collection of data: -The study was Randomized Controlled clinical Trial, in which 30 patients were selected by simple random sampling procedure. The selected patients were divided into three Groups, 10 in each. Initially all wounds were cleaned by normal saline. 6. Selection of Drugs: Selected drugs for study Kampillakadi Tail3 are mentioned in Charak Samhita in the reference of Vrana Chikitsa and Patolyadi Kwath4 is mentioned in Chakra Datt Samihata. Group – A (Control Group): In this Group patients were treated with sterile dressing with normal saline and sterile dress materials once daily for 7 days. 7. Preperation of Drugs: Both the drugs have been prepared in the GMP Certified pharmacy of N.I.A. ,Jaipur, under close supervision of the experts. Group – B – In this Group wound have been washed with PATOLYADI KWATH. 8. Parameter of assessment:The patients were assessed on the basis of subjective and objective parameters before and after treatment: Group – C – In this Group the patients have been treated with PATOLYADI KWATH & KAMPILLAKADI TAIL. Duration of treatment– Once daily for 7 days. 52 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda A. Colour:l Grade – 0 – healed wound/equivalent to skin colour. l Grade – 1 - healing wound/equivalent to brownish-white. l Grade – 2 –Cleaned wound/equivalent to reddish-white. l Grade – 3–Contaminated with dust or soiled wound/equivalent to congested Reddish-black. l G2 – 4 to 6 mark on scale - Moderate – pain that cannot be ignored, interferes with function, and needs treatment from time to time. l G3 – 7 to 10 marks on scale - Severe – That is present most of the time demanding constant attention. D. Swelling of the surrounding area: l G0 – Absent l G1 - Slight swelling around the wound margin without induration. l G2 - Swelling around wound margin with little area of induration. G3 - Swelling with marked induration. B. Discharge:l Grade – 0 - No discharge l Grade – 1 - If wound wets 1 pad of4x4 cm gauze piece (mild) per day. l l Grade – 2 - If wound wets 2 pads of 4x4 cm gauze piece (moderate) per day. l Size of wound: The size was directly recorded with sterile blotting paper was placed over the wound. l Grade – 3 - If wound wets more than 2 pads of4x 4 cm gauze piece (Profuse) per day . l Grade - 0 – 0 to 1 cm2 l Grade – 1 - Within 1.1- 4 cm2 C. Pain on VAS- As the patient himself/herself expressed the pain in his/her own terms, so this was Graded, starting from mild to severe as par with the VAS. l Grade – 2 - Within 4.1-9 cm2 l Grade – 3 -Within 9.1-16 cm2 or more l G0 – 0 -Absence of pain/no pain. l G1 – 1 to 3 mark on scale - Mild – Pain that can easily be ignored. E. Unit healing time (cm2 / day) = Initial surface area of wound – surface area of wound after 7 days of treatment / duration of study (7 days) = surface area healed in sq cm / no of days. Observation And Results: Table No.1: Effect Of Group-A, Group-B And Group-C On Intensity Of Pain:Grp Mean B.T. Mean A.T. Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. P S Group A 7.00 5.10 1.90 27.14% 10 3.03 0.96 0.08 I.S. Group B 6.90 4.60 2.30 33.33% 10 2.16 0.68 0.019 S. Group C 7.40 0.80 6.60 89.19% 10 1.71 0.54 0.002 H.S. Table No.2: Effect Of Group-A, Group-B And Group-C On Swelling:Grp Mean B.T. Mean A.T. Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. P S Group A 1.60 1.00 0.60 37.50% 10 0.52 0.16 0.03 S. Group B 1.70 0.80 0.90 52.94% 10 0.74 0.23 0.015 S. Group C 1.60 0.40 1.20 75.00% 10 0.42 0.13 0.002 H.S. 53 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table No.3: Effect Of Group-A, Group-B And Group-C On Colour:Grp Mean B.T. Mean A.T. Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. P S Group A 2.90 2.30 0.60 20.69% 10 0.97 0.31 0.09 I.S. Group B 2.90 2.50 0.40 13.79% 10 0.70 0.22 0.15 I.S. Group C 2.90 1.80 1.10 37.93% 10 1.10 0.35 0.019 S. Table No.4: Effect Of Group-A, Group-B And Group-C On Discharge:Grp Mean B.T. Mean A.T. Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. P S Group A 2.50 1.40 1.10 44.00% 10 0.99 0.31 0.015 S. Group B 2.80 1.90 0.90 32.14% 10 0.74 0.23 0.015 S Group C 2.60 1.30 1.30 50.00% 10 1.06 0.33 0.01 S. Table No.5: Effect Of Group-A, Group-B And Group-C On Size Of Wound (M):Grp Mean B.T. Mean A.T. Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. P S Group A 7.55 7.11 0.44 5.83% 10 0.73 0.23 0.1 I.S. Group B 7.12 6.06 1.06 14.89% 10 1.41 0.45 0.013 S. Group C 6.88 2.11 4.77 69.33% 10 1.31 0.41 0.002 H.S. Table No.6:- Showing Symptoms Wise Improvement After Each Follow-Up In All Groups: Group A Group B Group C 3rd day 5 thday 7 thday 3rd day 5 thday 7 th day 3 rdday 5 thday 7 th day Pain 14.29% 18.57% 27.14% 15.94% 28.99% 33.33% 17.57% 58.11% 89.19% Swelling 12.50% 25.00% 37.50% 17.65% 47.06% 52.94% 12.50% 37.50% 75.00% Colour 6.90% 17.24% 20.69% 3.45% 10.34% 13.79% 10.34% 27.59% 37.93% Discharge 4.00% 20.00% 44.00% 3.57% 14.29% 32.14% 11.54% 19.23% 50.00% Size of wound 1.72% 3.09% 8.01% 14.89% 10.90% 24.27% 69.33% 4.24% 5.83% 54 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table No.7:Inter-Group Comparison Between Gr-A And Gr-B For Effectiveness On Sign & Symptoms: (Mann-Whitney Test) Parameters U- value P- value Result Pain 37.00 0.32 I.S. Swelling 27.50 0.05 S Colour 47.00 0.8 I.S. Discharge 45.00 0.7 I.S. Size of Wound (M) 9.50 0.002 H.S. Unit Healing Time 3rd 9.50 0.002 H.S. (HS: Highly Significant S.: Significant I.S.: In Significant) TABLE NO.8: Inter-Group Comparison Between Gr-A And Gr-C For Effectiveness On Sign & Symptoms: (Mann-Whitney Test) Parameters U- value P- value Result Pain 18.50 0.01 S Swelling 20.00 0.008 H.S. Colour 19.50 0.01 S Discharge 24.50 0.04 S Size of Wound (M) 0.00 0.002 H.S. Unit Healing Time 0.00 0.0002 H.S. (HS: Highly Significant S.: Significant I.S.: In Significant) Table No.9:- Showing Improvement After Each Follow Up In All Groups: Effect of No. of Patients therapy Group A Group B Group C 3 rdday 5thday 7 th day 3rd day 5 thday 7 th day 3 rdday 5 thday 7 th day 10 (100%) 5 (50%) 1 (10%) 9 (90%) 5 (50%) 0 6 (60%) 0 0 Partial improved (25%-50%) 0 5 (50%) 4 (40%) 1 (10%) 4 (40%) 4 (40%) 4 (40%) 4 (40%) 0 Moderate improved (50%-75%) 0 0 5 (50%) 0 1 (10%) 4 (40%) 0 6 (60%) 4 (40%) Marked improved (above 75%) 0 0 0 0 0 2 (20%) 0 0 6 (60%) Unimproved (0-25%) 55 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Group-A and Group-C, stastical analysis signifies that Trial Group-C (Patolyadi Kwath + Kampillakadi Tail) showed significant effect over Control Group-A in 7th day-up in reducing pain with p-value 0.01, in improving colour with p-value 0.01 and in reducing discharge with p-value 0.049. DISCUSSION: Effect on Group- A (Sterile Dressing): On the 7th day 27.14% relief in pain, 37.25% relief in swelling, 20.69% improvement in colour 44% relief in discharge and 5.83% improvement in size of wound was observed. On statistical analysis the overall effect of Group- A was Significant on swelling and discharge and In-significant on Intensity of pain, colour and size of wound. * Regarding swelling, Granulation tissue, size of wound and unit healing time Trial Group-C showed Very-significant and highly-significant effect over Control Group-A on 7th day-up with p-value 0.008, 0.005, 0.0002, 0.0002 res. Effect on Group- B (Patolyadi Kwath): On the 7th day 33.33% relief in pain, 52.94% relief in swelling, 13.79% improvement in colour, 32.14% relief in discharge and 14.89% improvement in size of wound were observed. On statistical analysis the overall effect of Group- B was significantly effective on Intensity of pain, on swelling, on discharge and on size of wound. Group-B was In-significant on discharge. Probable Mode of action of Drugs: Both the drugs possess Tikta, Kashaya as predominant rasa, as well as Laghu and Ruksha Guna and Sheeta Virya and Katu Vipaka followed by some Madhur vipaka also. So as such the Gross action of Kampillakadi Tail on the Dosha should be definitely Tridosha shamaka, mainly Pitta and vata dosha shamaka as Vrana is Pitta (causes burning sensation) and Vata dosha (causes pain) pradhanaya vyadhi. The contents of Patolyadi Kwath and Kampillakadi Tail do Vrana-Shodhana, VranaRopana, Rakata-Stambhana, Vedana-Sthapana, Shothahara and Daha-Shamaka karma. Due to Laghu Guna 5, Tail absorbed in Vrana deeply and due to Ruksha Guna it does Shodhana of Vrana. Effect on Group- C (Patolyadi Kwath + Kampillakadi Tail): On the 7th day 89.19% relief in pain, 75% relief in swelling, 37.93% improvement in colour, 50% relief in discharge and 69.33% improvement in size of wound was observed. On statistical analysis the overall effect of Group- C was highly-significant on Intensity of pain, on swelling and size of wound. Group-C was significantly effective on colour and discharge. Comparative Analysis Of Groups Subjective And Objective Parameters: As well Til Tail has Vitamin-A, which increases the inflammatory responses, stimulates collagen synthesis and epithelialisation 6 by topical application. It also acts as anti-keratinizing property. Vitamin-A can reverse the inhibitory effect of corticosteroids on wound healing, thus, acting as anti-inflammatory 7. On Inter Group Comparison between Group-A and Group-B: * Out of this study the statistical analysis as a whole signifies that the trial Group-B (Patolyadi Kwath) is showing significant effect in reducing swelling on 7th day over control Group-A with pvalue 0.0469 and in improving Granulation tissue with p-value 0.0234. CONCLUSION: Overall assessment shows that application of Kampillakadi Tail followed by Patolyadi Kwath prakshalan accelerate healing process of Vrana (Agantuja type) by giving relief in all cardinal sign & symptoms than only Patolyadi Kwath prakshalan (Group-B) and only sterile dressing (Group-A). *Group-B also showed very-significant effects over Group- A on 7th day in reducing size of wound and unit healing time with p-values 0.002 res. * Regarding the Pain, Colour and Discharge Group-B and Group-A showed In-significant effects. Since the clinical study was conducted on a limited number of patients, it may not be claimed as final, so detailed study should be done on a large sample size. Inter Group Comparison between Group-A and Group-C: * On Inter-Group comparison between 56 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda References: 1. 2. 3. Sushruta Samhita; Hindi commentary of Kaviraj Ambikadatt Shastri, Ayurvedatatva Sandipika; Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi; reprint 2008; Chikitsa Sthana; 2/4-9. Sushruta Samhita; Hindi commentary of Kaviraj Ambikadatt Shastri, Ayurvedatatva Sandipika; Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi; reprint 2008;Chikitsa Sthana; 2/23-25. Charaka Samhita Dvitiya Bhag; Hindi Commentary of Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; reprient 2006; Chikitsa Sthana; 25/91. 4. Chakrapanidatta. CharakaSamhita of edition, New Delhi, Chaukhambha 2001; 44/25. 5. Charaka Samhita Pratham Bhag; Hindi Commentary of Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi; reprient 2005; Chikitsa Sthana; 27/286-288. 6. S.Das:A edition: 7. Baily & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, edited by Norman S. Williams, Christopher J.K. Bulstrode, P. Ronan O’Connel; 26th edition, 2013: 3; 24-25. concise 1;1-7. textbook of surgery; Agnivesh.5th publications, S.Das; 6th Clinical Study A clinical study on Diet and Yoga in the Management of Sthaulya (Obesity) *Dr Ravi Kumar, **Dr Mangalagowri V. Rao Abstract Due to the faulty lifestyle and over consumption of sweet and unctuous substances etc Sthaulya (Obesity) and its complications like reduced life span, debility, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases etc are increasing day by day and causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ideal way to break the etiopathogenesis of Sthaulya is through the modifications of diet, conduct and actions advised in Ayurvedic and Yogic texts. The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate the role of diet management and some yogic practices in prevention and management of Sthaulya (Obesity). This study was conducted at OPD and Department of Swasthavritta and Yoga as well as at OPD and Department of Kayachikitsa, Sir Sundar Lal Hospital, B.H.U., Varanasi. Research design selected for the present study was consist of intra group comparison of BT and AT as well as inter group comparison between three groups A, B and C respectively. It was an open, prospective and randomized clinical trial. Conclusion treatment was most effective in the group C treated with diet and Yogic practices. Keywords : sthaulya, diet, yogic practices etc ‚Ê⁄Ê¢‡Ê Áﬂ∑Î§Ã ª‹Ã ¡ËﬂŸ ‡ÊÒ∂Ë, ◊œÈ⁄ ∞ﬂ¢ ÁFÇœ Œ˝√ÿÙ¥ ∑§ •ÁÃ‚ﬂŸ ‚ SÕÊÒÀÿ ∞ﬂ¢ SÕÊÒÀÿ ¡ÁŸÃ ©¬Œ˝ﬂ ¡Ò‚ ºÊÒ’¸Àÿ, •ÊÿÈs‚, ◊œÈ◊„ NºÿÁﬂ∑§Ê⁄ÊÁº ÁºŸ-¬˝ÁÃÁºŸ ’…U∏Ã ¡Ê ⁄„ „Ò¢– •SﬂSÕÃÊ ∞ﬂ¢ ◊ÎàÿÈ º⁄ ◊¥ ﬂÎÁh ∑§ ÿ ¬˝◊Èπ ∑§Ê⁄áÊ „Ò¢– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ∞ﬂ¢ ÿÙª‡ÊÊSG mÊ⁄Ê ¬˝ÁÃ¬ÊÁºÃ √ÿÊÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ¡ËﬂŸ ‡ÊÒ∂Ë ∞ﬂ¢ •Ê„Ê⁄ ◊¥ ¬Á⁄ﬂÃ¸Ÿ mÊ⁄Ê SÕÊÒÀÿ ¡Ò‚ •¬âÿÁŸÁ◊ûÊ¡ Áﬂ∑§Ê⁄Ù¥ ∑§Ë ©ÁøÃ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ‚ ⁄Ù∑§ÕÊ◊ ÃÕÊ ©¬øÊ⁄ ‚¢÷ﬂ „Ò– •Ê„Ê⁄ ∞ﬂ¢ ÿÙª ∑§Ê SÕÊÒÀÿ ◊¥ ¬˝÷Êﬂ ∑§ ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ „ÃÈ ÿ„ ‡ÊÙœ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ; ÿ„ ∞∑§ ⁄á«U◊Êß¸Ö«U •Ê¬Ÿ ¬˝ÙS¬ÒÁÄ≈ﬂ ≈˛Êÿ‹ ÕÊ– ÿ„ ∑§Êÿ¸ SﬂSÕﬂÎûÊ ∞ﬂ¢ ÿÙª ÃÕÊÊ ∑§ÊÿÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê Áﬂ÷Êª, ’Ë.∞ø.ÿÍ ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë (©ûÊ⁄U¬˝Œ‡Ê) ◊¥ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ; Á¡‚◊¥ ∑È§∂ 60 SÕÊÒÀÿ ∑§ ◊⁄Ë¡Ù¥ ∑§Ù ÃËŸ ªÈ˝¬ ◊¥ ’Ê°≈∑§⁄ •Ê„Ê⁄, ÿÙª ∞ﬂ¢ •Ê„Ê⁄ÿÙª ºÙŸÙ¥ •∂ª-•∂ª ¬˝àÿ∑§ ª˝È¬ ◊¥ ¬˝÷Êﬂ ºπÊ ªÿÊ ÕÊ– ß‚ ‡ÊÙœ ∑§Êÿ¸ ◊¥ ÿ„ ÁŸc∑§·¸ ÁŸ∑§∂ÃÊ „Ò Á∑§ ª˝È¬ ‚Ë ◊¥ (•Ê„Ê⁄-ÿÙª ºÙŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÙª Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ) ‚ﬂÊ¸Áœ∑§ ∂Ê÷ ºπÊ ªÿÊ– *Lecturer, Department of Swasthavritta, NIA, Jaipur, Rajasthan **Associate Professor, Department of Swasthavritta, AIIA, Sarita Vihara, Delhi 57 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Clinical Study A clinical study on Diet and Yoga in the Management of Sthaulya (Obesity) Dr Ravi Kumar, Dr Mangalagowri V. Rao Introduction The diet advised should be heavy to counteract the enhanced digestive power and nonnourishing to bring about depletion of abnormally increased adipose tissue[6]. In this study food items like sprouted green gram (Mudga) is used which is one among Sada Pathyas[7], heavy at the same time; non-nourishing due to high fiber content is chosen for breakfast along with large servings of fresh vegetables like cucumber, onion, radish etc which are again heavy due to high fiber content and nonnourishing as they yield less calorie. Further low fat diet is suggested along with advocating of pathyas and apathyas. Sthoulya (Obesity) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Sthaulya mammoth is stamping the universe by its giant feet due to this people are suffocated with its complications like reduced life span, debility, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases etc. Sedentary lifestyle and over consumption of fatty foods etc. is the main cause of this disease.[2,3,15] The mention of this disease can be traced back to the period of Vedas and even mythological era where in Lord Ganesha suffered from Obesity and its complications diabetes mellitus due to his overeating habit accompanied with sedentary life style. Even in Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita as early as 2 century B.C. etiological factors have been discussed in detail. Acharya Charaka considers Sahaja or Beejasvabhavavaja (Hereditary) and Apathyanimittaja (Life style) Sthaulya[4], among types of Obesity which can be compared to the contemporary concept of Obesity. Life style modification in the form of Yogic practices like asana, pranayama and nadishodhana help to bring about physical and mental equipoise along with opening a gateway for spiritual path are advocated in this study. Aim and objective The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate the role of diet management and some yogic practices in prevention and management of Sthaulya (Obesity) The ideal way to manage is to break the etiopathogenesis of Obesity. According to Ayurvedic concepts pathophysiolgy of Sthaulya includes overeating of Kaphavardhaka foods like sweet and unctuous food items. Excess consumption of these food items leads to production of Ama at Dhatvagni level due to Dhatvagni mandya. Deeptagni at Jatharagni level further increase the appetite, leading again a morbid increase of Medas and improper formation of other Dhatus, leading to again loss of strength and shortening of life span. Even heredity is also one among the contributing factors, as it is impossible to change them, but the life style factors should be addressed by means of diet control and change of life style4 . In Charaka Samhita modifications of diet, conduct and actions are advised5. One desirous of well being in this world and the world beyond should try his level best to follow the principles of health relating to diet, conduct and action. Material and Methods This study was conducted at OPD and Department of Swasthavritta and Yoga as well as at OPD and Department of Kayachikitsa, Sir Sundar Lal Hospital, B.H.U., Varanasi. Patients were registered with consent from hospital directly, while a few of them registered in the camp organized by the Department of Swasthavritta and yoga. Some of them were registered from surrounding area of the hospital. Research design Research design selected for the present study was consist of intra group comparison of BT and AT as well as inter group comparison between three groups A, B and C respectively. It was an open, 58 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda prospective and randomized clinical trial. E.Relaxing Asana Inclusion Criteria Age : 16-60 years 1.Shavasana : Minimum- 10min/day after performing above asanas. BMI : BMI F.Others WHR : Women > 0.7 Men > 0.9 25 and BMI < 40 1. Agnisara Kriya : upto 100 rounds/day 2. Kapalabhati : upto 100 rounds/day Exclusion criteria 3. Anuloma-viloma : 10 rounds/day Age below 16 and above 60 years. Hypothyroidism, Hypogonadism, Hyperandrogen, ovary syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, GH abnormality, Pseudo hyperparathyroidism, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic disorders. II.Group B-Treated with diet management Patients of this group were advised to adhere to the Pathya ahara and vihara according to the principles of Ayurveda. Each patient was advised to follow instructions given below 1 . Eat 50gms sprouted Mudga(green gram) per day in breakfast with lemon juice, salt and black piper powder according to taste. Study design and treatment schedule 25 In this study 60 patient having BMI and < 40 were selected. The cases were randomly selected regardless of their age, sex and socioeconomic considerations, but fully satisfying the diagnostic criteria for Sthaulya (Obesity) as per modern medicine as well as in Ayurvedic system of medicine. All the 60 patients were divided into three groups each having 20 patients. 2. Decrease 1/2 chappati (35 gm of wheat flour or 35 gm of rice per day approximately 120 cal/ meal). 3. Generous servings of fresh vegetables and fruits like Carrot, Cucumber, Radish, Jamun, Mango or any other seasonal fruit . I. Group A -Treated with yogic practices. Apart from this following Pathya and Apathya chart was also given to the patients of group B and were advised to select food items from this chart and to follow conducts. Patients of this group were advised to practice regularly yogic practices in following order. A general schedule for yoga was designed as follows DIET REGIMEN FOR OBESITY A Standing Asanas 1. Tadasana : 5 rounds/day 2. Padahastasana : 5 rounds/day 3. Ardhakatichakrasana : 5 rounds/day 4. Trikonasana GENERAL Katu-Tikta-Kashaya Rasa dravya, Ruksha dravya, Low salt diet and Green salad, DIET : 5 rounds/day B.Sitting Asana l FLOUR-Wheat, Barley, Jvara, Bajra l RICE-Old Shali or Sathi rice l PULSES-Moonga, Chana, Masoora, Arhar, Rajma, Kulatha l VEGETABLES-Green leafy vegetables, Brinjal, Kohda, Tauri, Karaila, Parval, Sobhanjana 1. Paschimottanasana : 5 rounds/day C.Supine Asanas 1. Pawanmuktasana : 5 rounds/day 2. Naukasana : 5 rounds/day D.Prone Asanas l FRUITS-Jamuna, Mango, Ber, Guava, Amla, Unripe Bel, Citrus fruit 1. Bhujangasana : 5 rounds/day l 2. Shalabhasana : 5 rounds/day OTHERS-Ginger, Lasuna, Black Maricha, Pippali, Elaichi, Dhaniya, Turmeric, Hingu 59 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Error, Paired’t’ tests (Intra group comparison), Unpaired’t’ test (Inter-group comparison), Friedman’s analysis test, Cochran’s Q test, Pearson’s chi-square test LIQUIDS - Honey with water, Lukewarm water in morning, Hot Manda, Water before meals, Mustard oil for preparation of vegetable and Takra DIET SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN - New cereals, sugarcane products, Meat, Black gram, Fried items, Dry fruits, Potato, Alcohol, Junk food and Soft drinks Diagnostic criteria A. Clinical diagnosis - It was made on the BMI, WHR, weight and symptoms of Sthaulya described in Ayurvedic classics. III. Group C - Treated with yogic practices and diet management. Patients of this group were advised to follow instructions given to group A and B respectively. After giving the treatment for all three groups, patients were reviewed at an interval of one month for total period of three months. B. Laboratory diagnosis Routine investigations: Hb%, TLC, DLC, ESR, Blood Sugar, Lipid profile and urine microscopy. Assessment criteria - The assessment of the treatment was based on objective parameters. STATISTICAL METHODS - All the data was collected in tabulated form. The intra-group comparison was done to see the effect of treatment using c 2 test for subjective and paired t test for objective parameters. The inter-group comparison between different groups was done using the unpaired t test. l Weight l BMI (body mass index) l WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) Investigations Following statistical formulas were applied to obtain results: Mean, Standard deviation, Standard l Serum Cholesterol l Serum LDL l Serum HDL l Serum triglyceride Observation and results Table 1.Effect of treatment on weight Group Mean ± SD BT Group A 75.2±10.44 Group B 76.55±10.67 Group C 79.70±8.14 Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test 74.47±10.17 73.70±10.12 72.55±9.82 2.65±1.23 t = 7.04 p < 0.001 76.27±10.60 75.58±10.58 74.45±10.40 2.1±1.984 t = 6.02 p < 0.001 77.30±8.08 75.30±7.73 4.4±2.92 t = 8.25 p < 0.001 76.00±8.02 Table 2. Effect of treatment on BMI Group Mean ± SD BT Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test Group A 30.35±1.74 30.35±1.74 30.17±1.73 29.72±1.67 0.63±0.3 t = 8.99 p < 0.001 Group B 29.95±1.46 29.89±1.46 29.66±1.33 29.40±1.21 0.54±0.37 t = 7.02 p < 0.001 Group C 30.13±1.67 29.64±1.52 28.36±1.50 27.79±1.39 2.34±2.37 t = 11.75 p < 0.001 60 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table 3. Effect of treatment on WHR Group Mean ± SD BT Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test Group A 0.99±0.9 .97±0.9 0.94±0.20 0.93±0.76 0.06±0.11 t = 4.98 p < 0.001 Group B 0.97±0.07 0.96±0.07 0.95±0.07 0.93±0.06 0.04±0.019 t = 03.49 p < 0.001 Group C 1.06±0.13 1.06±0.13 1.03±0.12 0.98±0.10 0.08±0.05 t = 5.05 p < 0.001 Table 4. Effect of treatment on Serum cholesterol (mg/dl) Group Mean ± SD BT Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test Group A 172.75±47.80 172.25±47.38 170.45±46.82 168.55±46.11 4.2±0.67 t = 4.2 p < 0.001 Group B 183.60±42.30 181.10±36.55 180.05±35.41 180.10±33.72 3.5±0.29 t = 5.75 p < 0.001 5.15±0.79 t = 6.56 p < 0.001 Group C 179±42.30 178±39.05 176±39.62 174.40±38.58 Table 5. Effect of treatment on Serum Triglyceride (mg/dl) Group Mean ± SD BT Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test Group A 60.90±21.36 60.19±21.20 58.57±20.47 57.40±20.79 3.5±1.48 t = 10.51 p < 0.02 Group B 65.59±21.96 64.93±21.45 63.33±21.13 61.95±20.67 3.64±1.7 t = 9.2 p < 0.02 Group C 65.29±22.46 65.27±22.42 64.39±22.27 61.13±20.57 4.16±1.16 t = 11.63 p < 0.001 (HS) Table 6. Effect of treatment on Serum LDL (mg/dl) Group Mean ± SD BT Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test Group A 76.21±18.95 76.21±18.95 74.50±18.00 71.50±15.63 4.71±5.03 t = 03.88 p < 0.001 Group B 83.09±24.82 84.63±23.07 83.98±22.84 81.40±21.55 01.69±07.4 t = 2.01 p > 0.05 Group C 77.02±23.25 76.24±22.58 73.95±22.02 71.15±21.19 5.87±2.85 t = 4.19 p < 0.001 61 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table 7 Effect of treatment on Serum HDL (mg/dl) Group Mean ± SD BT Mean ± SD FU1 Mean ± SD FU2 Mean ± SD FU3 (AT) Mean ± SD BT-AT Intra group comparison paired ‘t’ test Group A 49.84±16.96 51.50±13.47 53.15±13.31 54.65±13.06 -4.81±2.98 t = -2.71 p < 0.02 Group B 50.35±12.58 49.90±12.05 50.70±11.66 52.80±11.27 -2.45±3.052 Group C 54.40±19.10 55.25±18.91 57.40±18.29 60.00±17.89 -5.6±2.85 t = -1.82 p < 0.05 t = -2.84 p < 0.001 (HS) as the study was time bound. Sthaulya vis-à-vis Obesity is a condition considered under eight undesirable constitutions[8]. It is difficult to manage because it needs depletion of Medodhatu by using non-nourishing and heavy substances having Kapha,Vata and Medohara properties. Ideal management for this disease is modification of life style and diet. In the present study Yogic practices and Ayurvedic diet were included for the management of Sthaulya vis-à-vis Obesity. The Yogic practices established a harmony in the orchestra of body organs associated with bringing about control over mind by vitalizing and purifying them and connecting with internal self. Even though Yogic practices, the asanas involve stretching and relaxation of various muscles steadily without jerky movements. This steady movement activates slow twitch muscle fibers which metabolize fatty acids efficiently without forming lactic acid, this help to reduce fat (Guyton). In the same way probably fat utilization increases due to release of epinephrine and nor epinephrine by the adrenal medulla as a result of sympathetic stimulation. These two hormones directly activate hormone sensitive triglyceride lipase that is present in abundance in the fat cells and this cause rapid breakdown of triglycerides and mobilization of fatty acids [9]. Yoga practices increases adreno-cortical efficiency and competence, endocrine and metabolic competence [10]. Asanas like Ardhakatichakrasana, Trikonasana, Paschimottanasana etc. tone and massage the entire abdominal and pelvic regions and remove fat especially from abdominal areas. Anuloma-Viloma pranayama increase respiratory efficiency has positive effect on pulmonary and respiratory functions. It helps people with respiratory problems. In obese patients Kshudrashwasa improved with regular practice of yogic practices [11].Anuloma- On intragroup comparison (between BT and AT), the effect of therapy was significant with respect to weight, BMI and WHR. These values were significantly reduced in all the groups. In the patient of Obesity, the weight, BMI and WHR remain high due to the accumulation of excess body fat. There was gradual decrease in the said parameters after therapeutic intervention. On inter group comparison between three groups; group C was most effective with respect to weight, BMI and WHR. This is due to the synergetic effect of Yogic practices and diet management. On intragroup comparison, the effect of therapy was highly significant (p < 0.001) with respect to serum cholesterol. The serum cholesterol reduced after treatment in all the groups. On inter group comparison result was found non significant statistically. On Intra group comparison (between BTAT) in group A serum triglyceride level decreased significantly, serum LDL level highly significantly and serum HDL level increased statistically significantly. While in group B improvement by therapeutic intervention was non significant for serum LDL and found significant for serum triglyceride and serum HDL. In group C result was found statistically highly significant for all the parameters i.e. serum triglyceride, serum LDL and serum HDL. A inter group comparison of the means for the serum triglyceride, serum LDL and serum HDL level under study, revealed non significant differences. These findings revealed that group C was most effective group with respect to plasma lipid level. On intra group comparison (between BT and AT), the effect of therapy revealed promising results. Disscusion There were some limitations in this study. The sample size was small; the follow up period was short 62 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda generous servings of fresh vegetables and fruits accompanied with reduction in the intake of food (approximately 240cal/day) help in reduction of weight. The group C treated with diet and Yogic practices was most effective showing the synergistic effect of diet and Yoga. The treatment is cost effective and devoid of side effects, so it can be applied in the community. Viloma pranayama. Kapalabhati and Agnisara kriya possibly act on central Obesity dissolve abdominal fat; increase dhatvagni at cellular level as a result fat metabolism is corrected leading to normalcy of succeeding dhatus. These practices purify the nadis and open obstructed microchannels, alleviate lethargy and sleepiness. The diet is one of the governing factors in causation of Obesity [12]. The patients were advised to take 50gms sprouted green gram in the breakfast, which is one among sada pathyas and guru as it is taken uncooked, so that it helps to pacify the Tikshanagni. It is having more fiber content so gives feeling of satiety. The ruksha, vishada and sleshmahara properties help in alleviation of Medas. The sprouted green gram is rich in proteins and vitamins, with an added advantage of preservation of thermo labile nutritients. This helps to reduce constipation which is one of the common complaints among obese. Lemon salt and pepper powder were used to provide taste. Lemon is Hridya, ruchikara and Pepper is pramathi, helps in srotoshodhana [13]. According to Ayurvedic principles in the condition of tikshnagni excessive reduction of food leads to dhatupaka which may further complicate already existing dhatu depletion, so only 240 cal/day was reduced. Further the patients were suggested to minimize the intake of sweets, oily foods, junk foods, potato, meat and alcohol. Generous servings of fresh vegetables and fruits were advocated as they are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, provide good nourishment to the dhatus, help to prevent atherosclerosis, cancer etc. at the same time help in reducing Obesity. Starchy part of vegetables and grains are complex carbohydrates, thus they supply minimum calories. These fresh fruits and vegetables are heavy and help to counteract Tikshnagni. Patients were advised to drink water before and in between meals as it produce leanness and pacifies Tikshnagni which is the culprit in Sthaulya[14] References Conclusion Tikshnagni at Jatharagni level due to entrapment of Vata in Kostha and agnimandya as well as amotpatti at dhatvangi level produce Sthaulya and its complications. So it has to be managed with guru, apatarpana, Kaphavata-Medohara drugs and diets along with exercise. The diet sprouted Mudga, 1. Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz G, Dietz WH. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 1999; 282: 1523-9. 2. Blair SN, Brodney S. Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: current evidence and research issues. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 1999 Nov 1; 31:S646-62. 3. Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH. Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents: a follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. New England journal of medicine. 1992 Nov 5;327(19):1350-5. 4. Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Jadavaji, Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi Reprint edition, 1992 sutrasthana 21 shloka 4. 5. Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Jadavaji, Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi Reprint edition, 1992 sutrasthana 21 shloka 28. 6. Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Jadavaji, Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi Reprint edition, 1992 sutrasthana 21 shloka 20. 7. Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Jadavaji, Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi Reprint edition, 1992 sutrasthana 05 shloka 12. 8. Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Jadavaji, Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi Reprint edition, 1992 sutrasthana 21 shloka 3 9. Seo DY, Lee S, Figueroa A, Kim HK, Baek YH, Kwak YS, Kim N, Choi TH, Rhee BD, Ko KS, Park BJ. Yoga training improves metabolic parameters in obese boys. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology. 2012 Jun 1;16(3):175-80. 1 0 . Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine. 2010 Jan 1;16(1):3-12. 1 1 . Posadzki P, Cramer H, Kuzdzal A, Lee MS, Ernst E. 63 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Yoga for hypertension: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2014 Jun 30; 22(3):511-22. 1 4 . Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, 8th ed. Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya., editor. Varanasi: Choukhambha Orientalia; 2005; Sutra Sthana 46 shloka 488 1 2 . Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget A, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Burcelin R. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet–induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008 Jun 1;57(6):1470-81. 1 5 . Hill JO, Peters JC. Environmental contributions to the obesity epidemic. Science. 1998 May 29; 280(5368):1371-4. 1 3 . Charaka Samhita edited by Vaidya Jadavaji, Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi Reprint edition, 1992 sutrasthana 27 shloka 153-154. Clinical Study Clinical Evaluation of The Effect of Anuvasana- Vasti (MatraVasti) And Pichu In Pregnancy on The Phenomenon Of Labour *Dr. Varsha Singh, *** Dr.(Mrs.)Hetal H. Dave Abstract: Garbhini Paricharya/Antenatal care in pregnancy is essential to achieve the aim to bring healthy offspring and to prevent the pathological changes that occur during pregnancy and labour. The present study was conducted on 30 patients who fulfill the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Study was conducted with an objective of evaluating the effect of Madhura-aushadha-sidhha Taila, if it used as both i.e. Anuvasana Vasti and Pichu or it is used as only Pichu have the same effect/ different effect on the phenomenon of labour. Group-A patients were treated with Anuvasana Vasti in the dose of 60 ml twice weekly and use of Pichu daily in night from the 9th month of pregnancy till delivery while Group-B patients were treated only with Pichu daily in night from the 9th month of pregnancy till delivery. Group-A was more effective on different parameters than Group-B. Key-words: - Garbhini Paricharya, Madhura aushadha sidhha Taila, Anuvasana-vasti, Pichu. ‚Ê⁄Ê¢≥Ê— •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ºËÿ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ê ◊ ‚÷Ë •ÊøÊÿÙ¸ Ÿ ◊Ê‚ÊŸÈ◊ÊÁ‚∑§ ªÁ÷¸áÊË- ¬Á⁄øÿÊ¸ ∑§Ê ÁﬂSÃÎÃ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– ªÁ÷¸áÊË-¬Á⁄øÿÊ¸ ∑§Ê ◊ÈÅÿ ©g≥ÿ ª÷Ê¸ﬂSÕÊ ∑‘ ºı⁄ÊŸ, ¬˝‚ﬂ ∑‘ ºı⁄ÊŸ ÃÕÊ ¬˝‚ﬂ ∑‘ ¬pÊÃ˜ „ÙŸ ﬂÊ‹ ©¬Œ˝ﬂ ∑§Ù ⁄Ù∑§ŸÊ/ ∑§◊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ „Ò– •Ã— •ÊøÊÿ¸ ø⁄∑§ mÊ⁄Ê Áºÿ ªÿ 9ﬂ¥ ◊Ê„ ∑‘ ªÁ÷¸áÊË-¬Á⁄øÿÊ¸ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ¬Ê‹Ÿ ¬˝SÃÈÃ ≥ÊÙœ-∑§Êÿ¸ ◊¥ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ¬˝SÃÈÃ ≥ÊÙœ-∑§Êÿ¸ ◊¥ 30 ªÁ÷¸áÊË ÁùÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê øÿŸ ’Á„¸ÁŸáÊ¸ÿÊà◊∑§ ◊Ê¬º¢«U ∞ﬂ¢ •¢Ã—ÁŸáÊ¸ÿÊà◊∑§ ◊Ê¬º¢«U ∑‘ •ÊœÊ⁄ ¬⁄ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò, ÃÕÊ ©ã„¥ ºÙ ﬂªÙ¸ (ﬂª¸-• ÃÕÊ ﬂª¸-’) ◊¥ Áﬂ÷ÊÁ¡Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ”ﬂª¸-•” ∑‘ ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ◊œÈ⁄ı·œ Á‚h ÃÒ‹ ‚ •ŸÈﬂÊ‚Ÿ ﬂÁSÃ (◊ÊGÊ-ﬂÁSÃ) ‚#Ê„ ◊¥ ºÙ ’Ê⁄ ÃÕÊ ¬˝ÁÃÁºŸ ⁄ÊÁG ◊¥ ◊œÈ⁄ı·œ Á‚h ÃÒ‹ ‚ Á¬øÈ œÊ⁄áÊ ∑§⁄ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ, ÃÕÊ ”ﬂª¸-’ ∑‘ ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬˝ÁÃÁºŸ ⁄ÊÁG ◊¥ ∑‘ﬂ‹ ◊œÈ⁄ı·œ Á‚h ÃÒ‹ ‚ Á¬øÈ œÊ⁄áÊ ∑§⁄ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ– •ŸÈﬂÊ‚Ÿ ﬂÁSÃ ∑§Ë ◊ÊGÊ 60 Á◊Á‹ ÕË– ÿ„ ¬˝ÁR§ÿÊ 9ﬂ¥ ◊Ê„ ‚ ¬˝Ê⁄ê÷ ∑§⁄ ¬˝‚ﬂ Ã∑§ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ, •ÊÒ⁄ ≥ÊÙœ-∑§Êÿ¸ ∑‘ •¢Ã ◊¥ ”ﬂª¸ -•” ∑‘ ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ ∑§Ù ”ﬂª¸-’” ∑‘ ⁄ÙÁªÿÙ¥ ‚ •Áœ∑§ ¬˝÷Êﬂ∑§Ê⁄Ë ¬Á⁄áÊÊ◊ ¬˝Ê# „Èÿ¥– *M.S. Scholar, P.G. Department of Prasuti-Stri Roga, N.I.A., Jaipur, ***Asstt. Prof. P.G. Department of Prasuti-Stri Roga, N.I.A., Jaipur. 64 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Clinical Study Clinical Evaluation of The Effect of Anuvasana- Vasti (MatraVasti) And Pichu In Pregnancy on The Phenomenon Of Labour Dr. Varsha Singh, Dr. (Mrs.) Hetal H. Dave Introduction: Ø Ayurveda places an enormous emphasis on the importance of caring of mother before, during and after pregnancy. The prophylactic value of antenatal supervision is so much tested and recognized in the advanced countries that it is needless to stress its importance. Antenatal care is very much essential to prevent or to detect the medical obstetrical complications at the earliest. It also gives the psychological support to the patient so that, she finds herself confident during the ordeal of labour. Main aim of antenatal care is “to bring healthy offspring” into the society. To prevent the pathological changes that occur during labour proper antenatal care is essential. Materials And Methods: Material For present study two types of materials were utilized as furnished below:— [1] Literary MaterialLiterary references were collected from Ayurvedic as well as modern science. [2] Clinical Material [A] Patients: - Patients were fulfilling all the selection (inclusion and exclusion) criteria, visiting NIA OPD and IPD. o S Acharyas have described the “Masanumasika Garbhini Paricharya” from the 1st day of conception till labour. So it has been decided to work out the clinical efficacy of Garbhini Paricharya as mentioned by Aacharya Charaka in 9 th month of pregnancy i. e. use of Madhura ausadha siddha taila Anuvasana-Vasti and Pichu for the purpose of Sukha and Nirupadrava prasava [B] Laboratory: - Assistance had been taken from central lab of NIA hospital. [C] Drug: - Drugs were purchased and medicine (Madhura - ausadha siddha Taila) prepared through pharmacy of NIA, Jaipur. Drug ingredients of Madhura - ausadha siddha Taila are- Tila-taila, Shatavari, Vidarikanda, Yastimadhu, Ashwagandha, Mudgaparni, Masaparni, Jeevanti and Bala Charaka has used a new term “Prasuti Maruta” Apana Vayu is responsible for the Nishkramana of Garbha. Since, Apana Vayu controls specifically the process of expulsion of foetus; it can be referred to Prasuti Maruta. It may also be considered as a subtype of Apana Vayu, having a special function of Garbha Nishkramana. The Vyana vayu is essential for contraction and retraction of myometrium. So, the Vyana and Apana vayu have an important role in the fetal expulsion. To keep these two Vayus in balanced state, Aacharyas have advised administration of Anuvasana-Vasti and Pichu. Methods: Source of Data: Total 30 patients fulfilling the criteria for inclusion were randomly selected from O.P.D. /I.P.D. of NIA Hospital, Jaipur. These patients were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients each: {1} Group A—15 registered patients of this group were given Madhura - ausadha siddha Taila Anuvasana -Vasti (Matra-Basti) in the dose of 60 ml twice weekly and Madhura - ausadha siddha Taila Pichu once daily in night till delivery. Aims And Objectives: Ø As Anuvasana Vasti is a part of Garbhini Paricharya, so to establish the effect of GarbhiniParicharya in minimizing the Garbhini updravas, getting healthy offspring. To assess the efficacy of Anuvasana Vasti and Pichu in different parameters of labour as compared to only Pichu. 65 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Criteria for Exclusion- Patients having cephalopelvic-disproportion, malpresentations, abnormal size of foetus, contracted-pelvis, history of A.P.H, patients having systemic diseases (like diabetes-mellitus, thyroid-disorders, hypertension, tuberculosis, jaundice, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, heart-diseases, epilepsy, polyhydroamnios, ascitis, generalized-edema, I.U.G.R., chronic renal diseases etc.) multiple-pregnancy, any type of malignancy, pelvic-masses causing obstruction and vaginal obstruction (atresia and stenosis), previous caesarean-delivery and bad-obstetrics history. {2} Group B —15 registered patients of this group includes the patients under observation with the use of Madhura -ausadha siddha Taila Pichu once daily in night till delivery. Instructions for administration of Pichu to pregnant lady- Patient was instructed to insert the Pichu which was soaked in Madhura- aushadha Siddha Taila herself daily at bed time after micturition and Pichu was removed in morning or that time if she passes urine in night. Before inserting the Pichu she must clean her hand and wear gloves. Ending part of Pichu was kept outside the vagina for ease of its removal. Criteria for Assessment: Duration of trial: from 9th month of pregnancy up to delivery. Follow Up: [A] Assessment of present trial was done on the basis of sign and symptoms found during pregnancy such as—Shevta-srava, Yoni-kandu, Vibandha, Udara-shoola, Katishoola, Kshudhavaishmya, Daurbalyata, Nidra-Vaishmyata. Assessment of present trial was also done on these parameters present during labour such as - incidence of Prasava kala, incidence of rupture of membrane, nature of labour, feeling of intensity of pain, use of episiotomy, cause of perineal tear, duration of labour, operative-procedure and symptoms observed in Sutikas. two times in a week. Criteria for Inclusion – l Patients who are ready to give written informed consent. l Pregnant women of 9th month will be randomly selected for the trial with age-group between 1835 years. l Normal fetal position at the term. l Normal pelvic measurement (adequate pelvis). l Height of female more than 4 feet 10 inches. [B] Results of the trial were assessed on the basis of time reduction as compared to standard time. Observation & Result: Table- I Effect of Anuvaasana Vasti on different Lakshanas of Group-A S.N. Lakshanas Number of Patients B.T. Percentage A.T. 1. Udarshoola 09 02 77.77% 2. Katishoola 10 02 08.00% 3. Darubalyata 05 01 80.00% 4. Kshudha Vaishmya 05 02 60.00% 5. Nidra Vaishamya 08 04 50.00% 6. Vibandha 08 00 100.00% This table shows that in 100% relief was observed in Vibandha, 80% relief was observed in Katishoola and Dourbalyata, 77.77% relief in Udarshoola, 60% relief in Kshudha Vaishmya and 50% relief was observed in Nidra Vaishyma. 66 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table-II Effects of Pichu on different Lakshanas on both Groups Lakshanas S.N. Number of Patients Group A Group B B.T. A.T. % B.T. A.T. % 1. Sveta Shrava 10 02 80.00 10 02 80.00 2. Yoni Kandu 03 01 66.66 02 01 33.33 This table shows that administration of Pichu provided relief in Shveta-srava in 80% patients and Yoni kandu in 66.66% patients in Group-A and in Group-B Pichu provided relief in Sveta srava in 80% patients also but relief in Yoni kandu was 33.33%. Table-III S.N. Prasava Kala Incidence of Prasava kala in patients of both Groups Number of Patients Total Group A Group B Patients Percentage 1. 37-40 Wks 14 12 26 86.66 2. < 37 Wks 01 01 02 6.66 3. > 40 Wks 00 02 02 6.66 By observing the above table it is noted that among 30 patients, 86.66% i.e. maximum patients had onset of labour between 37-40 weeks, 6.66% had onset of labour after 40 weeks and 6.66 had onset of labour before 37 weeks. Table-IV Incidence of Rupture of Membrane in Both Groups S.N. Rupture of No. of Patients Membrane Percentage (%) Group A Group B Group A Group B 1. Pre-labour 02 04 13.33 26.66 2. At Labour 13 11 86.66 73.33 Above table reveals that in Group-A 86.66% patients had rupture of membrane after the onset of labour while in Group-B 73.33% patients had rupture of membrane after the onset of labour and 26.66% patients had rupture of membrane before the onset of labour. Table-V Incidence of Comparison of Intensity of pain S.N. Intensity of Pain No. of Patients Percentage (%) Group A Group B Group A Group B 1. 0 00 00 00 00 2. + 00 00 00 00 3. ++ 13 07 86.66 46.66 4. +++ 02 08 13.33 53.33 67 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Scoring system was adopted to assess the intensity of pain experienced by the patients during the entire process of labour. Gradation was done according to the history given by the patients. No Pain = 0 Easily tolerate pain = + Moderate (but tolerable pain) = ++ Severe (untolerable) pain = +++ Above table deciphers that in Group A moderate pain was observed in maximum no. of patients i.e. 86.66% whereas in Group B 53.33% patients, experienced severe pain followed by 46.66% experienced moderate pain. Table-VI S.N. Incidence of Nature of Labour in Patients in Both Groups Nature of Labour No. of Patients Percentage (%) Group A Group B Group A Group B 1. Spontaneous 13 08 86.66 53.33 2. Induction 02 07 13.33 46.66 This table depicts that in Group A, 86.66% deliveries were spontaneous in onset while in Group B, 53.33% patients had spontaneous labour and 46.66% patients had induced labour. Table-VII Sr. Condition of No. Delivery 1. Incidence of condition of delivery in Patients No. of Patients Percentage (%) Group A Group B Group A Group B Normal 09 05 60.00 33.33 2. Perineal Tear 00 04 00 26.66 3. Episiotomy 04 05 26.66 33.33 4. L.S.C.S. 02 01 13.33 06.66 Above table reveals that in Group-A maximum no. of patients i.e. (60%) delivered normally without episiotomy or without perineal tear. Table-VIII S.N. Distributions of patients according to the cause of Perineal tear Cause of Perineal Tear No. of Patients Percentage (%) Group A Group B Group A Group B 1. Poor Contraction 00 03 00 20.00 2. Head Caput 00 01 00 06.66 3. Increased head circumference 00 00 00 00 4. Rigid Perineum 00 00 00 00 68 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Above table reveals that poor contraction was a cause of perineal tear in 20% patients in Group B and 6.66% patients of Group B have perineal tear due to caput formation. Table-IX S.N. Symptoms observed in Sutika Symptoms in early Sutika kala No. of Patients % of Patients Group A Group B Group A Group B 1. Post Partum Haemorrhage 01 03 6.66 20.00 2. Yoni Bhedan 04 05 26.66 33.33 3. Yoni Kshat 00 04 00 26.66 4. Udarashoola 01 03 06.66 20.00 5. Kati Shoola 01 02 6.66 13.33 6. Daurbalya 01 01 06.66 06.66 7. Chhardi 00 01 00 06.66 8. Ateesar 00 01 00 06.66 The symptoms which were observed in maximum no. of patients of Group B are Post Partum Haemarrhage, Yoni Bhedan, Yoni Kshat, Udarshoola, Kati Shoola, Daurbalya Chhardi and Ateesar. In Group– A, immediately after the expulsion of placenta, P.P.H. (Post Partum Haemorrhage) was observed only in 6.66% (1 patient ) of patient compare to 20% (3patient) patient of Group-B, Udara shoola was observed in 6.66% patients in Group-A compare to 20% patients in Group-B. Kati Shoola was observed in 6.66% patients in Group-A while it was found 20% patients in Group-B. In both group 6.66% of patient had shown the symptom of Daurbalyata. The other symptoms like Chhardi and Ateesara etc.were not observed in Group-A patients. In Group-B, Chhardi and Ateesara was observed in 6.66% patients Statistical Assessment of Time Reduction as compared to Standard Time Table-X Time Reduction as Compare to Standard Time Required in Group-A Group A Mean Std Time (Hr.) Mean Actual time (Hr.) Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. t value p value Stage I 8.54 4.05 4.48 52.52% 13 1.32 0.36 12.29 < 0.001 Stage II 57.69 21.85 35.85 62.13% 13 30.58 8.48 4.23 < 0.001 Stage III 15.00 7.38 7.62 50.77% 13 4.25 1.18 6.46 < 0.001 1 . Mean actual time consumed in stage I was 4.05 (Hr.) while standard mean time was 8.54 (Hr.) the mean difference got here 4.48 (Hr) the time reduction in stage I found to be 52.52% and statistically result found was highly significant (p<0.001) 2. Mean actual time consumed in stage II was 21.85 (Hr.) while standard mean time was 57.69 (Hr.) the mean difference got here 35.85 (Hr) the time reduction in stage I found to be 62.13% and statistically result found was highly significant (p<0.001) 69 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 3. Mean actual time consumed in stage III was 7.38 (Hr.) while standard mean time was 15.00 (Hr.) the mean difference got here 7.62 (Hr) the time reduction in stage III found to be 50.77% and statistically result found was highly significant (p<0.001) Table-XI: Time Reduction As Compare To Standard Time Required In Group-B Group B Mean Std Time (Hr.) Mean Actual time (Hr.) Mean Dif. Mean % N S.D. S.E. t value p value Stage I 7.71 6.61 1.11 14.35% 14 1.24 0.33 3.34 < 0.001 Stage II 42.86 33.00 9.86 23.00% 14 11.20 2.99 3.29 < 0.001 Stage III 15.00 9.71 5.29 35.24% 14 3.24 0.87 6.10 < 0.001 1 . Mean actual time consumed in stage I was 6.61 (Hr.) while standard mean time was 7.71 (Hr.) the mean difference got here 1.11 (Hr) the time reduction in stage I found to be 14.35% and statistically result found was highly significant (p<0.001) 2. Mean actual time consumed in stage II was 33.00 (Hr.) while standard mean time was 42.86 (Hr.)the mean difference got here 9.86 (Hr) the time reduction in stage II found to be 23.00% and statistically result found was highly significant (p<0.001) 3. Mean actual time consumed in stage III was 9.71 (Hr.) while standard mean time was 15.00 (Hr.) the mean difference got here 5.29 (Hr) the time reduction in stage III found to be 35.24% and statistically result found was highly significant (p<0.001) Table-XII Comparison of the effect of therapy on the duration of 1st stage of labour in 27 patients Stage –I Mean Dif. N S.D. F T P S Group A -3.37 25 1.32 1.12 6.86 < 0.0001 H.S. Group B 1.24 Above table depicts that the mean difference between two groups is found to be -3.37, statistically two groups showed highly significant difference. Table-XIII Stage –II Group A Group B Comparison of the effect of therapy on the duration of 2nd stage of labour in 27 patients Mean Dif. N S.D. F T P S -25.98 25 30.58 7.44 2.97 <0.006 H.S. 11.20 Above table depicts that the mean difference between two groups is found to be -25.98, statistically two groups showed highly significant difference. 70 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table-XIV Journal of Ayurveda Comparison of the effect of therapy on the duration of 3rd stage of labour in 27 patients Stage –III Group A Mean Dif. N S.D. F T P S -2.33 25 4.25 1.71 1.60 0.12 I.S. Group B 3.24 Above table depicts that the mean difference between two groups is found to be -2.33, statistically insignificant difference got between two groups. Incidence of rupture of membrane effect may be due to Krimighna property of Madhura-aushadha Siddha Taila Pichu, as infection plays on important role in the rupture of membranes. DiscussionI. On ObservationEffect of Anuvaasana Vasti on different Lakshanas l Vibhandha is due to pressure of gravid uterus on the rectum, effect of progesterone and diminished physical activities. Anuvasana Vasti causes Apana Vayu Anulomana and expulsions of Mala out-side of the body. l Relief in Katishoola and Udarshoola may be due to Vedananashaka property of Madhuraaushadha Siddha Taila and also Anuvaasana Vasti promotes the Anulomana of Vayu. l The effect of therapy on Daurbalyata is due to Balya, Brimhaneeya and Rasayana property of Madhura-aushadha Siddha Taila. l As the drugs of Madhura-aushadha Siddha Taila are Deepaneeya and Pachaneeya so that may cause relief in Kshudhavaishmya. l Psychological preparation of patient for normal labour may play an important role in the relief of Nidra Vaishmya along with the effect of Anuvaasana Vasti. Incidence of Comparison of Intensity of pain:-The effect of therapy in pain is due to psychological preparation of patients for easy delivery and Balya action of the drugs causing Bala in patients to tolerate pain. However, the contractions are equally painful in both groups. Incidence of Nature of Labour:- That is due to softening of cervix because of lubricant action of Pichu of Madhura-aushadha Siddha Taila and Anulomana of Vayu due to Vasti effect. Incidence of condition of delivery in Patients:- It is due to the effect of Pichu on vaginal passage and effect of Vasti on contraction. Cause of Perineal tear:- Cause of the perineal tear in 20% patients was poor contraction of uterus, which may be probably due to use of only Pichu in Group-B not use of Anuvaasana Vasti along with Pichu, because Anuvaasana-Vasti keeps the Apana vayu and Vyana vayu in Samavastha , and in caput formation of head showed that it is due to delayed labour. It was also due to; Anuvaasana Vasti in Group-B is not given. In Group-B only use of Pichu, without use of Anuvaasana vasti, produces only local effect i.e. elasticity or Mriduta of perineal region not to allover body /or not its action on myometrium. Effects of Pichu on different Lakshanas :Effect of therapy is due to local Krimighna effect of Madhura-Aushadha Siddha Taila and also Pichu might affect the pH of vagina. Incidence of Prasava-Kala:- if Apana Vayu and Vyana Vayu are stated in Samavastha, they will initiate the labour at proper time with regular uterine contractions and Anuvaasana Vasti keeps these Vayus in Samavastha. Symptoms observed in Sutika- Vyana Vayu is responsible for this function. Here more number of P.P.H. patients occur in Group-B as compare to Group-A that it is due to improper 71 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 contraction of myometrium. Here, P.P.H. occurred means the Vasti, which was not given in Group-B to suppress the Vitiated Vayu. II. References 1. Agnivesha, Charaka,CharakaSamhita, Sharirasthan 8/32 Hindi Commentary by Pandit Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Orientalia Publication Varanasi, Reprinted in 2013, page 939. 2. Ibidem, Charaka, Sharirasthan 3. Ibidem, Charaka, Chikitsa-sthan 28/11 4. Ibidem, Charaka, Chikitsa-sthan 28/9 On Result- Time reduction- Although, both the groups have H. S. result, but there is markedly reduced time duration of all the stages in Group-A than Group-B. In Group-A Vasti by its nature caused Vataanulomana and promoted Prasuti marut to expel the foetus in time without undue prolongation, as the birth canal also become soft and smooth due to Vasti and Pichu helped in easily and timely expulsion of foetus. Vasti also helped to coordinate uterine contractions. It shows that if larger samplesize taken, there may be stastically Group-A is more significant than Group-B, on the duration of labour . 6/24 page Conclusion 1 . Both Groups had approximately same effect on Sveta-srava and Yoni-Kandu. 2. Anuvasana vasti and Pichu were more effective than only use of Pichu on these symptomsVibandha, Udarshoola, Katishoola, Dourbalyata, Kshudha-vaishmya, Nidravaishmya, Intensity of pain, Nature of onset of labour, P.P.H., on duration of labour, rupture of membrane, on perineal tear. 3. Group-A and Group-B has H.S. result on 1st ,2nd and 3rd stage of labour but in Group-A mean duration time of labour-stages was markedly less than Group-B. It shows that if larger sample-size taken, then there may be stastically Group-A has better result than Group-B. 4. There was no marked result on episiotomy in primipara in both groups, as no. of primipara patients in this study were less. 5. Group-A had less no. of perineal tear patient as compared to Group-B. 6. No side effect of Madhura aushadha sidhha Taila is proved in present study. So the drug is safe. Thus it can be concluded that the Anuvasana-vasti and Pichu (Group-A) is more effective than the only use of Pichu (Group-B).Since the sample of study is very small, so the conclusion drawn is not the ultimate. 72 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com 906. page page 778. 777. Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Pharmacological Study Pharmacognistical Study of Leaf of Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce *Dr. Khandelwal Jyoti, **Dr.Rath Sudipt, ***Prof. Kotecha Mita, ****Garg Naveen K., *****Sharma Gaurav Abstract: Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce commonly known as Shami or “Khejari” in Hindi is a small to moderate tree belonging to the family Fabaceae and a member of subfamily Mimosaceae. The present study deals macroscopic, microscopic, microchemical investigations of green and dry leaf of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Organoleptic charecters of leaves of plant are Color dark green, odorless, astringent in taste. The diagnostic characters of leaves of this plant are presence of multicellular trichomes, lignified fibers, tannin containing cells and Starch grains. The information generated in this study will provide relevant pharmacognostical data needed for proper identification and authentication of leaves of this particular species. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce exhibits antidysentric, antileprotic, antiasthamatic actions. Key words: Pharmacognostical study, Shami, Prosopis cineraria, Microscopy & Macroscopy ‚Ê⁄UÊ¥‡Ê¬˝Ê‚ÊÁ¬‚ Á‚Ÿ⁄UÁ⁄UÿÊ ‚Ê◊ÊãÿÃ— ‡Ê◊Ë ﬂ π¡«∏Ë ŸÊ◊ ‚ ¡ÊŸÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ¬˝SÃÈÃ •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ‡Ê◊Ë ∑§ „Á⁄UÃ ÃÕÊ ‡ÊÈc∑§ ¬òÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ’Ês ÃÕÊ •ÊèÿãÃÁ⁄U∑§ ⁄UøŸÊ ∑§Ê ‚Íˇ◊Œ‡ÊË¸ÿ ﬂ ‚Íˇ◊ ⁄UÊ‚ÊÿÁŸ∑§ ÁﬂÁœÿÊ¥ ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ß‚∑§ ’Ês •∑§ÊÁ⁄U∑§Ë •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò Á∑§ ß‚∑§ ¬òÊ ª„⁄U „Á⁄UÃ ﬂáÊ¸ ∑§ ªãœ ⁄UÁ„Ã ÃÕÊ ∑§·Êÿ ⁄U‚ ÿÈQ§ „ÊÃ „Ò¥– ß‚∑§ ¬òÊÊ¥ ∑§ ‚Íˇ◊Œ‡ÊË¸ÿ •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ’„È∑§ÊÁ‡Ê∑§Ëÿ ⁄UÊ◊, Á‹ÁªAŸ ÿÈQ§, ÃãÃÈ ≈ÒUÁ≈UŸ ÿÈQ§ ∑§ÊÁ‡Ê∑§Êÿ¥ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊á«U ∑§áÊ ßàÿÊÁŒ ⁄UøŸÊÿ¥ ¬ÊÿË ªÿË „Ò– ÿ„ •äÿÿŸ „◊¥ ß‚ ¡ÊÁÃ ∑§ ﬂÎˇÊÊ¥ ∑§Ë ‚„Ë ¬„øÊŸ ﬂ ¬˝◊ÊáÊË∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ •Êﬂ‡ÿ∑§ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË ©¬‹éœ ∑§⁄UﬂÊÃÊ „Ò– ¬˝Ê‚ÊÁ¬‚ Á‚Ÿ⁄UÁ⁄UÿÊ •ÁÃ‚Ê⁄U, ∑È§D, •SÕ◊Ê •ÊÁŒ ⁄UÊªÊ¥ ◊¥ ‹Ê÷∑§Ê⁄UË „Ò– *P.G. Scholar, P.G. Deptt. of Dravya Guna, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: jyotimddg@gmail.com **Asstt Prof., P.G. Deptt. of Dravya Guna. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: sudipt@gmail.com ***Professor and HOD, P.G. Deptt. of Dravya Guna. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan ****Pharmacognosist, P.G. Deptt. of Dravya Guna. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, *****Pharmacologist, P.G. Deptt. of Dravya Guna. National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan. 73 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Pharmacological Study Pharmacognistical Study of Leaf of Prosopis Cineraria (L.) Druce Dr. Khandelwal Jyoti, Dr.Rath Sudipt, Prof. Kotecha Mita, Garg Naveen K., Sharma Gaurav Introduction Leaves- are double compound. The leaflets are dark green, and have a tiny point. The tree is evergreen or nearly so. It produces new flush leaves before summer. Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (family: Fabaceae, subfamily: Mimosaceae) commonly known as “Khejari” in Rajasthan. It is the State tree of Rajasthan, India.{1} Khejari is the golden tree of Indian deserts, plays a vital role in preserving the ecosystem of arid and semi-arid areas. Since all the parts of the tree are useful. Flower- flowers are small in size and yellow or creamy white in color, appear from March to May after the new flush of leaves. Flowers are small, cream-yellow clustered in acute spikes with a 1-2.5 mm long peduncle. Distribution& habitat: Prosopis species of spiny trees and shrubs found in sub tropical and tropical regions of the America, Africa, Western Asia, & South Asia. The plant is distributed in the dry and arid regions of north-western India, southern India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Arabia and Iran.{2} Pods- The pods are formed soon thereafter and grow rapidly in size. Pods are pale yellow, 8-15 cm long x 4-8 mm wide, cylindrical and hanging, containing 10-20 seeds ovoid in shape and dark brown in color, packed in a brown pulp. Seed have a moderately hard testa. The seed retains its vitality for at least a year. Scientific Classification{3} : Kingdom - Plantae Class - Angiospermae Order - Fabales Family - Fabaceae Genus - Prosopis Species - P. cineraria Binomial name - Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khejari has played a significant role in the rural economy in the northwest arid region of Indian sub-continent. This tree is a legume and it improves soil fertility. It is an important constituent of the vegetation system. It is well adapted to the arid conditions and stands well to the adverse vagaries of climate and browsing by animals. Khejari is most important feed species providing nutritious and good palatable green as well as dry fodder, which is readily eaten by camels, goats, and sheep constituting a major feed requirement of desert livestock. General description:{4} Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce is a small moderate sized evergreen thorny tree, with slender branches armed with conical thorns and with light bluish-green foliage. It does not exceed a height of 40ft. and a girth of 4 ft., the maximum attained being 50ft. and 6ft. respectively. The leaves are of high nutritive value, locally it is called ‘’Loong’’. The pods are a sweetish pulp and are also used as fodder for livestock. Khejari Pods are locally called ‘’sangar’’ or ‘’sangri’’. The dried pods locally called ‘’Kho-Kha’’ are eaten. Dried pods also form rich animal feed, which is liked by all livestock. Green pods also form rich animal feed.{5-8} Bark - Rough, exfoliating in thin flakes. Stem- Glabrous, green or reddish, covered with prickles. The bark of the tree is dry, acrid, bitter with a sharp taste, cooling, anthelmintic, tonic, cures leprosy, dysentery, bronchitis, asthma, leucoderma, hemorrhoids and muscle tremors.{9} The smoke of the Roots- Primary root long, thin, Lateral root few, short, fibrous, distributed down, main root: nodules present. 74 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda leaves is good for eye troubles. Leaf paste is applied on boils and blisters, including mouth ulcers in livestock and leaf infusion on open sores on the skin.{10} opposite, shaped oblong with an entire margin, & mucronate apex. Leaves are dark green in color on both upper and lower surface respectively. Organoleptic charecters of leaf: Aims & Objectives Color - Dark green 1. Pharmacognostical Study of leaf of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Odor - Odorless Taste – Astringent Material & Methods Microscopic Characters of leaflet{12} Plant material The transverse section of leaf (Fig.1 ) showed dorsi-ventral condition with rectangular shaped cells of single layer epidermis with a thick cuticle. A bilayered upper palisade was present on the inner side of upper epidermis respectively. Sclerenchyma forms a continuous zone connecting two or more vascular bundles, or it occurs as a patch flanking a vascular bundle. Vascular bundles were Consists of xylem, which always lies towards the upper epidermis. The phloem always lies towards the lower epidermis. A single layer lower epidermis with a thin cuticle is finding. It is interspersed with numerous stomata, the two guard cells of which contain some chloroplasts. Long multicellular trichomes were present on both the surfaces. The leaves of Khejari (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce) were collected from the field area near Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj.) for the present study. Macroscopic study of leaf Plant was macroscopically examined for shape of leaves, apex, base, margin etc. Organoleptic characters were recorded for usual parameters like color, taste and odour. Microscopic study Qualitative anatomical studies were done. Free hand cut transverse sections of leaf were studied for different microscopic characters. The sections were stained with saffrenine. Photographs of the section were taken with the help of Carlzeiss binocular microscope attached with camera. Powder analysis{11} The shade dried leaves were powdered, and powder was passed through 100 # sieve to get fine powder. The dried powder was mounted in the distilled water, ethenol, phloroglucinol, ferric chloride, sulphuric acid, millon’s reagent, saffranine & iodine solution to detect the trichome, epidermal cells, allurone grains, tannin, lignin, protein, cellulose, calcium carbonate. Cu-cuticle; Tr-trichome; Up E-upper epidermis; Pp-palisade parenchyma; Scsclerenchyma; Vb-vascular bundle; St-stomata; Spp- spongy parenchyma; Lo E-lower epidermis Results And Disscusion I. Macroscopic Study: Powder analysis Leaves- Leaf is compound and alternate bipinnate with oblong shape mucoranate apex and average length of leaf is 3-7cm. Single leaflet is 4– 10 mm. long and 2–4.5 mm in breadth. First leaf pinnate, rachis 0.5 inch long with occasional rudimentary or minute prickles. On an average, in a mature compound leaf, there are 7-14 paired leaflets Organoleptic characters of dried powder: Organoleptic characters like color, odor and taste are recorded as shown in Table.1. 75 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table 1: Organoleptic characters of leaf powder of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Sr. no. Character Observation 1. Color Light green 2. Texture Fine 3. Taste Astringent 4. Smell Odorless Dried powder microscopy: Diagnostic characters of leaf powder like stomata from epidermis, simple trichomes of epidermis, parenchyma cells, aggregates of crystals of calcium carbonate, called as cystoliths, lignified fibres, dark bluish greenish black tannin fragments, protein contained cells, starch grains, aleurone grains. [Fig. 2-10]. Table 2: Microscopic chracters of leaves powder in different test reagent{13} Test reagent Observation Characteristics Component 1. Ethanol Red Aleurone grains consists of amorphous mass of protein Aleurone grains 2. Ferric chloride Bluish or greenish black Non-nitrogenous, phenolic compounds of high molecular weight. Tannin containing cell 3. Phloroglucinol Hard, permeable to water. Lignified tissues provide mechanical rigidity of plant body Lignified fiber, trichomes 4. Iodine Blue or purple It is fibrous material of cell wall and together with lignin responsible for structural rigidity of plant. Starch grains or cellulose content 5. Saffranine Pink Hard, permeable to water. Lignified tissues provide mechanical rigidity of plant body Lignified cells 6. Millon’s reagent Brick red Nitrogenous complex compound Protein content 7. Sulphuric acid Dissolves with effervescence Aggregates of crystals of calcium carbonate, called as cystoliths. Calcium carbonate 8. Water Colorless cellular structure Epidermal structure having two identical guard cells, forming a pore in centre. Stomata Deep purplish red 76 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Fig.2-Alleuron grains Fig.3-Tannin Fig.4-Lignified fiber Fig.5-Multicelluler trichome Fig.6-Starch grains Fig.7-Parenchyma cell 77 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Fig.8-Protein Fig.9- Stomata Fig.10- Cystolith Conclusion: Culture, Arts and Heritage, Doha, Pharmacognostical evaluation of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce leaves provided specific parameters that will be useful in scientific evaluation, identification and authentication of the drug. 6. Gupta RK, Prakash I, Environmental analysis of the Thar Desert, English Book Depot., Dehra Dun, 1975. 7. Kaul RN, Trees or grass lands in the Rajasthan- Old problems and New approaches, Indian Forester, 1967, 93, pp 434-435. 8. Burdak LR, Recent Advances in Desert AfforestationDissertation, Forestry Research, F.R.I., Dehra Dun 1982 9. Medicinal-uses 9Aug.,2012. Reference 1. Kalwar SC, Sharma ML, Gurjar RD, Khandelwal MK, Wadhawan SK, Geomorphology and environmental sustainability, Edn. 1 st , Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2005, 351. 2. Malik A, Kalidhar SB, Indian J Pharm Sci., 2007, 69, 576-578. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis. 4. Khatri Anirudh, Rathore Anita, Patil U K, PROSOPIS CINERARIA (L.) DRUCE: A BOON PLANT OF DESERTAN OVERVIEW. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research(2010) 01(05) 5. 2007 http://giveghaf.gecostore.com. 1 0 . K. M. Nandkarni, Indian Materia Medica, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, India, 2000. vol. 1, 1 1 . Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB, Pharmacognosy, Edn.37 st , Nirali prakashan, Pune, 2007, 99-103. 1 2 . Dutta A.C., Botany, edn6 th,Oxford New Delhi, 2003, pp192-193. Bari EA, Fahmy G, Thani NA, Thani RA, Dayem MA, The Ghaf Tree, Prosopis cineraria in Qatar, published by Qatar University and National Council for university press, 1 3 . Dr. Khandelwal KR, Practical pharmacognosy, Edn.12 th , Nirali prakashan, Pune, 2010, 5.2-5.5. 78 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Conceptual Study ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄áÊ ∞ﬂ¢ Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ * «UÊÚ. ‚ÈŸË‹ ∑È§◊Ê⁄ ≥Ê◊Ê¸, **«UÊÚ. ªÙÁﬂãº ¬Ê⁄Ë∑§, ***«UÊÚ. ÁﬂÁ¬Ÿ ∑È§◊Ê⁄U Abstract:Ayurveda is termed as Sarvapaarishada shastra. The essence of the knowledge of Vedas, Puranas, Smriti and Darshanas is included in Ayurveda.The knowledge of Ayurveda relevant in term of treatment is found in ‘Manusmriti’ too. Hence in the present work the ‘Manusmriti’ along with their available commentaries were studied and Ayurvedic Samhita Grantas with their commentaries were studied by which it was deciphered that out of this knowledge a part of it is found as it is in Ayurvedic Samhitas, another with a few contradictions and a part of is mentioned here which is not found in Ayurvedic Samhitas but is important in terms of treatment like number of the Yamas and Niyamas, number of Malas of the body, topic related to religion, appropriate age for marriage, inappropriate Kula of marriage, reparations of various Paapa Karmas, adverse results of marriages in the other cast and various food preparations that should not be consumed. The above mentioned facts found in ‘Manusmriti’ actually complete the Ayurveda as a science in a distinct way. Keywords: - Ayurveda, Vedas, Puranas, Manusmriti, Samhitas, treatment etc. ‚Ê⁄UÊ¥‡Ê•ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ‡ÊÊSòÊ ∑§Ê ‚ﬂ¸ ¬ÊÁ⁄U·Ã˜ ‡ÊÊù ÷Ë ∑§„Ê ªÿÊ „Ò, Á¡‚◊¥ ﬂŒÊ¥, ¬È⁄UÊáÊÊ¥, ©¬ÁŸ·ŒÊ¥, S◊ÎÁÃÿÊ¥ ÃÕÊ Œ‡Ê¸ŸÊ¥ ∑§Ê ‚Ê⁄U ÷ÍÃ ôÊÊŸ „Ò– ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ÷Ë •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ŒËÿ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ‚ ‚ê’ÁãœÃ Áﬂ·ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò, ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑§Ê ≈UË∑§Ê ∑§ ‚ÊÕ Áﬂ‡ÊŒ˜ ÁﬂﬂøŸ ÃÕÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ‡ÊÊù ∑§ ª˝ãÕÊ¥ ∑§Ê ÷Ë Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄U∑§ ©¬⁄UÊQ§ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÍáÊ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑§ ’„ÈÃ ‚ •¥‡Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ‡ÊÊù ∑§Ê ¬Á⁄U¬ÍáÊ¸ ∑§⁄UŸ ﬂÊ‹ „Ò, ßŸ◊¥ ‚ ∑È§¿U •¥‡Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ŒËÿ Áﬂ·ÿÊ¥ ‚ ‚Ê◊ã¡Sÿ ⁄UπŸ ﬂÊ‹ „Ò, ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§ ∑È§¿U Áﬂ·ÿ ∞‚ „Ò, Á¡Ÿ◊¥ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ﬂ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ Á÷ÛÊÃÊ „Ò, ∑§ÁÃ¬ÿ Áﬂ·ÿ ∞‚ ÷Ë „Ò, ¡Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò, ¬⁄UãÃÈ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ≤ÁC ‚ ◊„àﬂ¬ÍáÊ¸ „Ò ¡Ò‚-ÿ◊Ê¥ ﬂ ÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¥ÅÿÊ, ◊‹Ê¥ ∑§Ë ‚¥ÅÿÊ, œ◊¸ ‚ ‚ê’ÁãœÃ Áﬂ·ÿ, ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ∑§Ë ©ÁøÃ •ÊÿÈ, ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÁŸÁ·h ∑È§‹, ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ¬Ê¬∑§◊ÊZ ∑§ ¬˝ÊÿÁ‡øÃ˜, •ãÃ¡Ê¸ÃËÿ ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ∑§ ŒÈc¬˝÷Êﬂ ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ÁŸÁ·h ÷Êíÿ ¬ŒÊÕ¸ •ÊÁŒ– ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã ©Q§ ÃâÿÊ¥ ‚ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Œ ÁﬂôÊÊŸ ∑§Ë ÁﬂÁ‡ÊC ¬˝ÁÃ¬ÍÁÃ¸ „Èß¸ „Ò– *FÊÃ∑§ÙûÊ⁄ •äÿÃÊ, ***¬Ë∞ø.«UË. •äÿÃÊ, **‚„Êÿ∑§ •ÊøÊÿ¸, ◊ıÁ‹∑§ Á‚hÊãÃ ∞ﬂ¢ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ Áﬂ÷Êª, ⁄ÊC˛Ëÿ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢SÕÊŸ, ¡ÿ¬È⁄– 79 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Conceptual Study ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄áÊ ∞ﬂ¢ Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ «UÊÚ. ‚ÈŸË‹ ∑È§◊Ê⁄ ≥Ê◊Ê¸, «UÊÚ. ªÙÁﬂãº ¬Ê⁄Ë∑§, «UÊÚ. ÁﬂÁ¬Ÿ ∑È§◊Ê⁄U ¬˝SÃÊﬂŸÊ - ©¬⁄ÙQ§ ≥ÊÙœ ∑§Ù ¬ÍáÊ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò–ß‚ „ÃÈ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ©¬‹éœ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ≥ÊÊù ‚ ‚¢’ÁãœÃ ÃâÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§‹Ÿ ∑§⁄∑‘ ©Ÿ◊¥ ‚Ê◊¢¡Sÿ SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ ÃÕÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ºËÿ ª˝¢ÕÙ ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ◊Ã Á÷ÛÊÃÊ ﬂÊ‹ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ¬⁄ ÁﬂøÊ⁄-Áﬂ◊≥Ê¸ ∑§⁄ ºÙŸÙ¥ ◊ÃÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚ÊÕ¸∑§ÃÊ Á‚h ∑§Ë ªÿË ÃÕÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚ Á÷ÛÊ Áﬂ·ÿ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ≤ÁC ‚ ◊„àﬂ¬ÍáÊ¸ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§‹Ÿ ∑§⁄∑‘ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑‘ ◊ıÁ‹∑§ •ﬂºÊŸ ∑§Ù S¬C ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ë ∑§ÙÁ≥Ê≥Ê ∑§Ë ªÿË „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ≥ÊÊù ∑§Ù ‚ﬂ¸ ¬ÊÁ⁄·Ã˜ ≥ÊÊù ÷Ë ∑§„Ê ªÿÊ „Ò, ¡Ù ﬂºÙ¥, ¬È⁄ÊáÊÙ¥, ©¬ÁŸ·ºÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚Ê⁄÷ÍÃ ôÊÊŸ „Ò, Á¡‚ ¬⁄ º≥Ê¸ŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÷Ë ¬˝÷Êﬂ ¬«UÊ „Ò– ©‚Ë ≤ÁC ‚ ‚ÎÁC ∑‘ ∑§ÃÊ¸ •ÊøÊÿ¸ ◊ŸÈ Ÿ ÷Ë ¡ËﬂŸ ÁﬂôÊÊŸ ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ “◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ” ∑§Ë ⁄øŸÊ ∑§Ë, Á¡‚∑‘ ’„ÈÃ ‚ •¢≥Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ≥ÊÊù ∑§Ù ¬Á⁄¬ÍáÊ¸ ∑§⁄Ÿ¥ ﬂÊ‹ „Ò, ßŸ◊¥ ‚ ∑È§¿U •¢≥Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ‚ ‚Ê◊¢¡Sÿ ⁄πŸ ﬂÊ‹ „Ò, ß‚∑‘ •ÁÃÁ⁄Q˜§ ∑È§¿U Áﬂ·ÿ ∞‚ „Ò¥, Á¡Ÿ◊¥ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ﬂ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ Á÷ÛÊÃÊ „Ò, ∑§ÁÃ¬ÿ Áﬂ·ÿ ∞‚ ÷Ë „Ò, ¡Ù •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò, ¬⁄ãÃÈ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ≤ÁC ‚ ◊„àﬂ¬ÍáÊ¸ „Ò, Á¡Ÿ∑§Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ‚◊Êﬂ≥Ê Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ •àÿÊﬂ≥ÿ∑§ „Ò– Áﬂ◊≥Ê¸—◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄áÊ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄áÊ ÁŸêŸ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ‚ ∑§⁄ ‚∑§Ã „Ò– •Ã— ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑‘ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ﬂªË¸∑Î§Ã ∑§⁄∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê Á‹Á¬’h∑§⁄áÊ ÃÕÊ Á÷ÛÊ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ÃÕÊ •ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÷Ë Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄∑‘ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ﬂÊX◊ÿ ∑§Ù ¬Í⁄Ê ∑§⁄ŸÊ ﬂÃ¸◊ÊŸ ‚◊ÿ ◊¥ •àÿÊﬂ≥ÿ∑§ „Ò– 1. •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§‹Ÿ – 2. •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ◊Ã Á÷ÛÊÃÊ– 3. •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚ •ÁÃÁ⁄Q§ Áﬂ·ÿ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ≤ÁC ‚ ◊„àﬂ¬ÍáÊ¸ Áﬂ·ÿ– ‚Ê◊ª˝Ë ∞ﬂ¢ ÁﬂÁœ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑§Ê ≈Ë∑§Ê ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ Áﬂ≥Êº ÁﬂﬂøŸ ÃÕÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ≥ÊÊù ∑‘ ª˝¢ÕÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÷Ë Áﬂ‡‹·áÊÊà◊∑§ •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄∑‘ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§‹Ÿ - ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-1 R§.‚¢. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã Áﬂ·ÿ ∞ﬂ¢ ‚¢º÷¸ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ∞ﬂ¢ ‚¢º÷¸ ‚ÎÁC ©à¬ÁûÊ ‚ ‚¢’ÁãœÃ Áﬂ·ÿ 1. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ øÃÈÁﬂ¸œ ÷ÍÃª˝Ê◊ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/6-7) ‚ÈüÊÈÃ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (‚È.‚Í.1/22) 2. ¬⁄◊Êà◊Ê ∑§Ù Sﬂÿ¢÷Í, •√ÿQ§ ﬂ •Áøãàÿ ∑§„Ê „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/12) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë •Êà◊Ê ∑§Ù •ŸÊÁº, •√ÿQ§ ﬂ •Áøãàÿ ∑§„Ê „Ò–(ø.≥ÊÊ.1/60,3/8) 3. ‚÷Ë ◊„Ê÷ÍÃÙ¥ ◊¥ ¬Íﬂ¸-¬Íﬂ¸ ◊„Ê÷ÍÃÙ¥ ∑‘ ªÈáÊ •Áª˝◊ ◊„Ê÷ÍÃ ∑§Ù ¬˝Ê# „ÙÃ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/20) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.1/27-28) 4. ¬¢øÃã◊ÊGÊ ‚ „Ë ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ‚ÎÁC ∑§Ë R§◊≥Ê— ©à¬ÁûÊ ◊ÊŸË „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/27) ø⁄∑§ Ÿ ÷Ë ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò (ø.≥ÊÊ.1/66-67) 80 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda 5. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ Ÿ •√ÿQ§ ∑§Ù ‚¢¬ÍáÊ¸ ¡ªÃ ∑§Ê ∑§Ê⁄áÊ ◊ÊŸÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/11) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ÷Ë •√ÿQ§ ∑§Ù ‚¢¬ÍáÊ¸ ¡ªÃ ∑§Ê ∑§Ê⁄áÊ ◊ÊŸÃÊ „Ò– (‚È.≥ÊÊ.1/3) 6. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ Ÿ ÿÈªÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄ øıÕÊß¸ •ÊÿÈ „ËŸ „ÙŸÊ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/83-84) ø⁄∑§‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ¬˝àÿ∑§ ÿÈª ◊¥ øıÕÊß¸ •ÊÿÈ ∑‘ „ËŸ „ÙŸ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (ø.Áﬂ.3/25,26) 7. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ øÃÈÁﬂ¸œ SÕÊﬂ⁄ ∑‘ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ◊¥ ‚ÈüÊÈÃ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ‚ ‚Ê◊¢¡Sÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/48) ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ Ÿ •Ê∑§Ê≥ÊÊÁº ¬¢ø◊„Ê÷ÍÃÙ¥ ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ ÃÕÊ ©Ÿ∑‘ ªÈáÊ R§◊≥Ê— ≥Êéº, S¬≥Ê¸, M§¬, ⁄‚, ª¢œ ’ÃÊÿ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 1/75-76) øÃÈÁﬂ¸œ SÕÊﬂ⁄ ∑‘ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ◊¥ ‚ÈüÊÈÃ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ﬂ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ Á◊‹ÃË „Ò– (‚È.‚Í. 1/37) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ ÷Ë ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ„Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.1/27) 8. ‚ºﬂÎÃ, •ÊøÊ⁄- ⁄‚ÊÿŸ •ÊÁº ‚ ‚¢’ÁãœÃ Áﬂ·ÿ—1. ¬˝ÊÃ—∑§Ê‹ ’˝ÊrÊ ◊È„ÍÃ¸ ◊¥ ©∆Ÿ¥ ∑§Ê ÁŸº¸≥Ê „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 4/92) •CÊ¢ª Nºÿ ◊¥ ÷Ë ¬˝ÊÃ—∑§Ê‹ ’˝ÊrÊ ◊È„ÍÃ¸ ◊¥ ©∆Ÿ¥ ∑§Ê ÁŸº¸≥Ê „Ò– (•.O.‚Í. 2/1) 2. ¡È•Ê π‹ŸÊ, ¤Êª«∏Ê, ¬⁄ÁŸãºÊ, ¤ÊÍ∆, ÁùÿÙ¥ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ ÁºÑªË ÃÕÊ ºÍ‚⁄ ∑§Ê ©¬ÉÊÊÃ Ÿ ∑§⁄¥– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 2/80) ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.8/18,22,23 , ‚È.Áø.24/101) 3. ≥ÊÈR§ ∑§Ë ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ê ÁŸº¸≥Ê „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 2/80) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ≥ÊÈR§ ∑§Ù •Ê„Ê⁄ ∑§Ê ¬⁄◊ œÊ◊ ’ÃÊ∑§⁄ ©‚∑§Ë ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§Ê ÁŸº ¸ ≥ Ê Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò – (ø.ÁŸ. 6/9) 4. ◊ÊÃÊ-Á¬ÃÊ •ÊÒ⁄ ªÈL§ ∑§Ë ‚ÈüÊÈ·Ê ¬⁄◊ Ã¬ ∑§„‹ÊÃË „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 2/229) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ºﬂ, ªÙ, ’˝ÊrÊáÊ, •ÊøÊÿÙZ ∑§Ë •ø¸ŸÊ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ „Ò– (ø. ‚Í. 8/18, ø.Áﬂ.8/14 ø.Áø.) 5. ‚¢äÿÊ ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ ÷Ù¡Ÿ, ≥ÊÿŸ , ÿÊGÊ Ÿ ∑§⁄¥– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 4/55) ﬂÊáÊË, ’Ê„Í, ©º⁄, ßŸ∑§Ê ‚¢ÿ◊ ∑§⁄– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 4/76) ‚¢äÿÊ ◊ÒÕÈŸ ø⁄∑§ Á∑§ÿÊ ¬⁄ùËª◊Ÿ ∑§Ù ¬Ê¬ﬂÃ˜ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 9/41) ø⁄∑§ ﬂ ‚ÈüÊÈÃ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ºÙŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ¬⁄ùËª◊Ÿ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.8/22,‚È.Áø. 24/115,116,119) 6. 7. ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ ÷Ù¡Ÿ, ≥ÊÿŸ, •äÿÿŸ, Ÿ ∑§⁄¥– (ø.‚Í.8/25) ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ œÊ⁄áÊËÿ ﬂªÙ¥ ∑‘ •ãÃª¸Ã ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.7/26,28,29) •ÊäÿÊÁà◊∑§ ∞ﬂ¢ ÿÙª ‚ ‚¢’ÁãœÃ Áﬂ·ÿ—1. ÿÕÊ≥ÊÁQ§ ﬂº ∑§Ù ¡ÊŸŸ ﬂÊ‹ ÁŸ‚X ’˝ÊrÊáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ù œŸ ºŸ ﬂÊ‹Ê ¬⁄‹Ù∑§ ◊¥ Sﬂª¸ ∑§Ù ¬˝Ê# „ÙÃÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 11/6) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ºÊŸ, Ã¬, ‚àÿ, •Á„¢‚Ê ‚ •èÿÈºÿ (Sﬂª¸ ¬˝ÊÁ#) ∞ﬂ¢ ÁŸ—üÊÿ‚ (◊ÙˇÊ) ¬˝ÊÁ# ∑§Ê „ÙŸÊ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.11/27) 2. ¬⁄◊Êà◊Ê ∑§Ë ‚Íˇ◊ÃÊ ∑§Ê äÿÊŸ ÿÙª ∑‘ mÊ⁄Ê ∑§⁄– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 6/6) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ÿÙª ∑§Ù ◊ÙˇÊ ¬˝ÊÁ# ∑§Ê ©¬Êÿ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.1/137) (ø.≥ÊÊ.5/12) 3. ßÁãŒ˝ÿ-ÁŸ⁄Ùœ, ⁄Êª-m· ŸÊ≥Ê ÃÕÊ •Á„¢‚Ê ‚ ◊ÙˇÊ ¬˝ÊÁ# ∑§Ê „ÙŸÊ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò–(◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 6/59-60) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ◊ÙˇÊ ¬˝ÊÁ# ∑‘ ‚ÊœŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.11/27), (ø.≥ÊÊ.5/12) 81 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda 4. Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 ◊ÙˇÊ ¬˝ÊÁ# „ÃÈ ﬂº ﬂÊÄÿ ∑§Ê ¡¬ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 6/83-84) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë œ◊¸≥ÊÊùÙ¥ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ∑§⁄áÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ◊ÙˇÊ ¬˝ÊÁ# ∑§Ê ‚ÊœŸ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.5/12 ÁﬂﬂÊ„, ◊ÒÕÈŸ ÃÕÊ ª÷Ù¸à¬ÁûÊ ‚ê’ÁãœÃ Áﬂ·ÿ—1. ¬ﬂ¸ ÁºŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚◊Êª◊ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 3/45) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ÷Ë ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (‚È. Áø.24/116) 2. ÿÈÇ◊ ÁºŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚◊Êª◊ ‚ ¬ÈG ÃÕÊ •ÿÈÇ◊ ÁºŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ¬ÈGË ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ ◊ÊŸË „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 3/48) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ºÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ÿÈÇ◊ ÁºŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚◊Êª◊ ‚ ¬ÈG ÃÕÊ •ÿÈÇ◊ ÁºŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ¬ÈGË ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ ◊ÊŸË „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.8/5) 3. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑‘ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ≥ÊÈR§ ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ÃÊ „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ¬ÈG ∑§Ë ÃÕÊ •ÊÃ¸ﬂ ’Ê„ÈÀÿ „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ¬ÈGË ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ „ÙÃË „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 3/49) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ÷Ë ≥ÊÈR§ ∑§Ë •Áœ∑§ÃÊ „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ¬ÈG ∑§Ë ÃÕÊ •ÊÃ¸ﬂ ’Ê„ÈÀÿ „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ¬ÈGË ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ „ÙÃË „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.2/12, •. N.1/5) 4. ’Ë¡ ∑‘ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ „Ë ‚¢ÃÊŸ ©à¬ÛÊ „ÙÃË „Ò– ¡Ò‚- ’˝Ë„Ë, ≥ÊÊÁ‹, ◊Èe, ÁÃ‹, ◊Ê· •ÊÁº– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 9/39-40) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÿÈÁQ§ ¬˝◊ÊáÊ ∑‘ ©ºÊ„⁄áÊ ∑‘ M§¬ ◊¥ ‚◊ÊŸ Áﬂ·ÿ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.11/32) 5. •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ „Ë ´§ÃÈ, ˇÊG •ÊÁº ‚ ª÷¸ ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ ’ÃÊß¸ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 9/33-34) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ÷Ë ´§ÃÈ, ˇÊG •ÊÁº ‚ ª÷¸ ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ ’ÃÊß¸ „Ò– (‚È. ≥ÊÊ.2/35) •ãÿ Áﬂ·ÿ 1. ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ∑§◊¸ ºÒﬂ ÃÕÊ ◊ŸÈcÿ ∑‘ •œËŸ „Ò, ¬⁄ãÃÈ ©Ÿ ºÙŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ºÒﬂ •Áøãàÿ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 7/205) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ºÒﬂ ∞ﬂ¢ ¬ÈL§·∑§Ê⁄ ∑‘ ∑§Ê⁄áÊ ÁGÁﬂœ ∑§◊¸ ÃÕÊ ÁGÁﬂœ •ÊÿÈ „ÙÃË „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.3/30-31) 2. G‚⁄áÊÈ, EÃ-‚·¸¬, ⁄ûÊË, ◊Ê·, ¬‹, œ⁄áÊ ßàÿÊÁº ¬˝◊ÊáÊ/◊ÊŸ ’ÃÊÿ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 8/33-36) ÿ ‚÷Ë ¬˝◊ÊáÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ ÷Ë ◊ÊŸ¥ „Ò– (ø.∑§À¬12/87-97 ∞ﬂ¢ øR§¬ÊáÊË ≈Ë∑§Ê) 3. •◊ÊﬂSÿÊ, ¬ÍÁáÊ¸◊Ê, øÃÈº¸≥ÊË ﬂ •C◊Ë ◊¥ •äÿÿŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 4/113-114) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ ÷Ë ßŸ ÁÃÁÕÿÙ¥ ◊¥ •äÿÿŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– (‚È.‚Í.2/9) 4. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ÷Ë ∑§◊Ê¸ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ »§‹ ∑‘ Á◊‹Ÿ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 12/3-4) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÿÈÁQ§ ¬˝◊ÊáÊ ∑‘ ‚¢º÷¸ ◊¥ ∑§◊Ê¸ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ »§‹ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (ø.Áø.11/32) 5. ⁄ÙÁ„Ã ◊àSÿ ∑§Ù •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ﬂ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ¬âÿ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 5/16) •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊ ÷Ë ⁄ÙÁ„Ã ◊àSÿ ∑§Ù ¬âÿ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í.25/38) 6. ﬂº¬Ê∆Ë mÊ⁄Ê ∑‘≥ÊŸπ∑§Ã¸Ÿ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (◊.S◊ÎÁÃ 4/35) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ‚ºﬂÎÃ ∑‘ •ãÃª¸Ã ∑‘≥ÊŸπ∑§Ã¸Ÿ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– (ø.‚Í. 8/18) 7. •ÁÃ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§Ù •ŸÊÿÈcÿ ÃÕÊ •ŸÊ⁄ÙÇÿ ∑§„Ê „Ò– (◊. S◊ÎÁÃ, 2/57) ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë •ÁÃ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§Ù ÁGºÙ·¬˝∑§Ù¬ ∑§⁄Ÿ ﬂÊ‹Ê ÃÕÊ ⁄ÙªÙà¬Êº∑§ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– (ø.≥ÊÊ.2/7) 8. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ’ÃÊÿ ‚ÊÁàﬂ∑§, ⁄Ê¡Á‚∑§, ÃÊ◊Á‚∑§ ¬˝∑Î§ÁÃ ∑‘ ‹ˇÊáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚◊ÊŸÃÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚ Á◊‹ÃË „Ò– (◊. S◊ÎÁÃ 12/23-50) ø⁄∑§ ÃÕÊ ‚ÈüÊÈÃ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã ßŸ ¬˝∑Î§ÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑‘ ‹ˇÊáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÃÈ‹ŸÊ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ‚ Á◊‹ÃË „Ò– (ø. ≥ÊÊ. 4/ 36-38) 82 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ Áﬂ·ÿ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ◊Ã Á÷ÛÊÃÊ- ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-2 1. •¬” ≥Êéº ‚ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º Ÿ “”¡‹ Ãàﬂ ∑§Ê •Õ¸ ª˝„áÊ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò,1 ¡’Á∑§ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ∑È¿U ≈Ë∑§Ê∑§Ê⁄Ù¥ ∑‘ ◊ÃÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ‚÷Ë ¬¢ø◊„Ê÷ÍÃÙ¥ (‚Íˇ◊ ÷ÍÃ) ∑§Ê ª˝„áÊ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò,2 ¡Ù Á∑§ ‚◊ËøËŸ ¡ÊŸ ¬«UÃÊ „Ò, ÄÿÙ¥Á∑§ ‚Íˇ◊ ÷ÍÃÙ¥ ‚ ¬¢ø◊„Ê÷ÍÃÙ¥ ∑§Ë ©à¬ÁûÊ „ÙÃË „Ò ÃÕÊ ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ‚ÎÁC ¬¢ø◊„Ê÷ıÁÃ∑§ „Ò– 2. ¬ÊÃT‹ÿÙª º≥Ê¸Ÿ ◊¥ 5 ÿ◊ ÃÕÊ 5 ÁŸÿ◊Ù¥ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò,3 ¡’Á∑§ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ 10 ÿ◊ ﬂ 10 ÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò ß‚∑‘ •ÁÃ⁄Q§ 5 ÁŸÿ◊/ ©¬ﬂ˝Ã ﬂ 5 ÿ◊/ ©¬ﬂ˝Ã ÷Ë ’ÃÊÿ „Ò– ÿÕÊ- ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 1. ∑Î§Á· 1. ©Ü¿U ﬂ Á≥Ê‹=´§Ã˜ ﬂÎÁûÊ 2. ¬≥ÊÈ¬Ê‹Ÿ 2. •◊ÎÃ ﬂÎÁûÊ= Ÿ ◊Ê°ªŸ ∑§Ë ﬂÎÁûÊ 3. ﬂÊÁáÊÖÿ 3. ◊ÎÃ ﬂÎÁûÊ= Á÷ˇÊÊ ﬂÎÁûÊ 4. ⁄Ê¡‚ﬂÊ 4. ∑Î§Á·= ¬˝◊ÎûÊ ﬂÎÁûÊ 5. ﬂÊÁáÊÖÿ= ‚àÿÊŸÎÃ ﬂÎÁûÊ 6. ‚ﬂÊ= EﬂÎÁûÊ •ÊŸÎ≥Ê¢Sÿ ˇÊ◊Ê ‚àÿ◊Á„¢‚Ê º◊◊S¬Î„Ê – äÿÊŸ¢ ¬˝‚ÊºÙ ◊ÊœÈÿ¸◊Ê¡¸ﬂ¢ ø ÿ◊Ê º≥Ê H •Á„¢‚Ê ‚àÿﬂøŸ¢ ’˝rÊøÿ¸◊∑§À∑§ÃÊ– •SÃÿÁ◊ÁÃ ¬¢øÒÃ ÿ◊ÊpÙ¬ﬂ˝ÃÊÁŸ ø H ≥ÊıøÁ◊ÖÿÊ Ã¬ÙºÊŸ¢ SﬂÊäÿÊÿÙ¬SÕ ÁŸª˝„ı– ﬂ˝ÃÙ¬ﬂÊ‚Ù ◊ıŸ¢ ø FÊŸ¢ ø ÁŸÿ◊Ê º≥Ê H •R§ÙœÙ ªÈM§≥ÊÈüÊÈ·Ê ≥Êıø◊Ê„Ê⁄‹ÊÉÊﬂ◊– •¬˝◊Êºp ÁŸÿ◊Ê— ¬@ÒﬂÙ¬ﬂ˝ÃÊÁŸ øHy ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑§◊¸ ¬˝œÊŸ ª˝¢Õ „ÙŸ ‚ ß‚◊¥ ﬂÎÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ÖÿÊºÊ ◊ÊŸË „Ò, ß‚◊¥ Ÿ ◊Ê°ªŸ ∑§Ë ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§Ù üÊD ◊ÊŸ∑§⁄ ß‚ •◊ÎÃ ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§„Ê ªÿÊ „Ò, Á÷ˇÊÊ ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§Ù ◊ÎÃ ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§„∑§⁄ ÁŸ∑Î§C ◊ÊŸÊ „Ò– ∑Î§Á· ∑§Ù ¬˝◊ÎÃ ﬂÎÁÃ ∑§„Ê „Ò, Á¡‚ „◊ ◊äÿ◊ ﬂÎÁÃ ◊ÊŸ ‚∑§Ã „Ò– ©Ü¿U ﬂ Á≥Ê‹ ﬂÎÁÃ ∑§Ù ßœ⁄-©œ⁄ ‚ ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄Ÿ •ÕﬂÊ ∞∑§ÁGÃ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑‘ ∑§Ê⁄áÊ ´§Ã˜ ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§„Ê „Ò– ﬂÊÁáÊÖÿ ◊¥ ‚àÿ ﬂ •‚àÿ ∑§Ê ‚„Ê⁄Ê ‹ŸÊ ¬«UÃÊ „Ò, •Ã— ß‚ ‚àÿÊŸÎÃ ﬂÎÁÃ ÷Ë ∑§„Ã „Ò– ‚ﬂÊ ﬂÎÁÃ ∑§Ù •œ◊ ◊ÊŸ∑§⁄ ß‚ EﬂÎÁÃ ÷Ë ∑§„Ê „Ò– 5 ÿ◊ - ‚àÿ, •Á„¢‚Ê, •SÃÿ, ’˝rÊøÿ¸, •¬Á⁄ª˝„– 5 ÁŸÿ◊- ≥Êıø, ‚¢ÃÙ·, Ã¬, SﬂÊäÿÊÿ, ß¸E⁄¬˝ÁáÊœÊŸ– 5. •CÊ¢X Nºÿ◊˜ ◊¥ ÃËŸ ◊‹ ◊ÊŸ „Ò,9 ¡’Á∑§ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ 12 ◊‹ ◊ÊŸ „Ò–10 ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑§◊¸»§‹ ÃÕÊ œ◊¸-•œ◊¸ ‚ ‚¢’ÁãœÃ ≥ÊÊù „Ò, •Ã— ÿ„ÊÚ 10 ÿ◊ ﬂ 10 ÁŸÿ◊ ’ÃÊÿ „Ò– ¡’Á∑§ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ‚ ‚ê’ÁãœÃ ≥ÊÊù „Ò, •Ã— ÿ„Ê° ÿ◊Ù¥ ﬂ ÁŸÿ◊Ù¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§Ë ªáÊŸÊ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ◊¥ ©¬ÿÙÁªÃÊ ∑§Ë ≤ÁC ‚ ∑§Ë ªÿË „Ò– ÿ„Ê¢ ßŸ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ ∑§◊ „Ù∑§⁄ 5-5 „Ë ⁄„ ªÿË „Ò ¡Ù Á∑§ ‚◊ËøËŸ „Ë „Ò– ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-3 3. ‚àﬂ, ⁄¡ ﬂ Ã◊ ∑§Ù ◊Ÿ ∑‘ ªÈáÊ Ÿ„Ë ◊ÊŸ∑§⁄ •Êà◊Ê ∑‘ ªÈáÊ ◊ÊŸ „Ò¥–5 •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ÿ ◊Ÿ ∑‘ ªÈáÊ ◊ÊŸ „Ò¥–6 ÿ„Ê° ÿÁº •Êà◊Ê ∑§Ù ◊Ÿ ‚ ÿÈQ§ ¡ËﬂÊà◊Ê ◊ÊŸË ¡Êÿ ÃÙ ÿ„ ◊Ã ‚◊ËøËŸ „Ë „Ò– •CÊ¢X Nºÿ◊˜ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ÃËŸ, Sﬂº, ◊ÍG ∞ﬂ¢ ¬È⁄Ë· ﬂ‚Ê ≥ÊÈR§◊‚Î˘◊îÊÊ◊ÍGÁﬂ≈˜ÉÊ˝ÊáÊ∑§áÊ¸Áﬂ≈˜– ü‹c◊ÊüÊÈ ºÍÁ·∑§Ê SﬂºÙ mÊº≥ÊÒÃ ŸÎáÊÊ¢ ◊‹Ê— H ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ‚¢’ãœË ≥ÊÊù Ÿ„Ë¥ „ÙŸ ‚ ß‚◊¥ ºÙ·, œÊÃÈ, ©¬œÊÃÈ ÃÕÊ ◊‹Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬ÎÕP§⁄áÊ Ÿ„Ë Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò, •Ã— ÿ„Ê° ◊‹Ù¥ ∑§Ë ‚¢ÅÿÊ 12 ©ÁøÃ „Ë „Ò– 4. ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ ◊¥ ¡ËﬂŸ ÁŸﬂÊ¸„ „ÃÈ 4 ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ∑§Ë ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò,7 ¡’Á∑§ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ 6 ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ∑§Ë ﬂÎÁûÊ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò–8 6. œ◊¸ ∑‘ 10 ‹ˇÊáÊ ◊ÊŸ¥ „Ò¥, ¡Ù Á∑§ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã Ÿ„Ë „Ò¥ – œÎÁÃ— ˇÊ◊Êº◊Ù˘SÃÿ¢ ≥ÊıøÁ◊ÁãŒ˝ÿ ÁŸª˝„—– œËÁﬂ¸lÊ ‚àÿ◊R§ÙœÙ º≥Ê∑¢§ œ◊¸ ‹ˇÊáÊ◊ H11 83 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ œÊ⁄áÊËÿ ﬂª, ‚ºﬂÎÃ, •ÊøÊ⁄ ⁄‚ÊÿŸ ßàÿÊÁº ∑‘ •ãÃª¸Ã ßŸ∑§Ê ©Ñπ ∑§⁄ ÁºÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò, •Ã— •‹ª ‚ ßŸ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Ÿ„Ë Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò, ¡Ù ∑§Ë ©ÁøÃ „Ë „Ò– ’˝rÊøÊ⁄Ë „ÃÈ ÁŸÿ◊—1. ¬⁄ùË, ¡Ù ÿÙÁŸ ‚◊’ãœ ﬂÊ‹Ë Ÿ „Ù ©‚ ‚È÷ª •ÕﬂÊ ÷ÁªŸË ∑§„ – 2. ◊ÊÃÊ ∑§Ë ÷ÁªŸË, ◊Ê◊Ë, ‚Ê‚ •ÊÒ⁄ Á¬ÃÎ ÷ÁªŸË, ÿ ªÈL§ ÷ÊÿÊ¸ ∑‘ ÃÈÀÿ „Ò– ÖÿD ÷˝ÊÃÊ ∑§Ë ÷ÊÿÊ¸ ∑§Ù Ÿ◊S∑§Ê⁄ ∑§⁄, ◊ÊÃÎ¬ˇÊ ∑§Ë ◊ÊÃÈ‹ÊŸË ßàÿÊÁº ﬂ Á¬ÃÎ¬ˇÊ ∑§Ë Á¬ÃÎ√ÿÊÁº∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ë ÁùÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬⁄º ≥ Ê ‚ •ÊŸ ¬⁄ Ÿ◊S∑§Ê⁄ ∑§⁄ ¥ – Á¬ÃÎ÷ªËŸË, ◊ÊÃÎ÷ÁªŸË, •ÊÒ⁄ •¬ŸË ÖÿD ÷ÁªŸË ∑§Ê ◊ÊÃÊ ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ •Êº⁄ ∑§⁄ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ◊Ã ßŸ‚ •Áœ∑§Ã⁄ „Ò–19 7. ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ∑§Ë •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ ◊Ã Á÷ÛÊÃÊ Á◊‹ÃË „Ò– ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-4 ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ÁﬂﬂÊ„ •ÊÿÈ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ÁﬂﬂÊ„ •ÊÿÈ ¬ÈM§· 30 ﬂ·¸, ∑§ãÿÊ 12 ﬂ·¸ ¬ÈM§· 25 ﬂ·¸, ∑§ãÿÊ 12 ﬂ·¸12 ¬ÈM§· 24 ﬂ·¸, ∑§ãÿÊ 8 ﬂ·¸ ¬ÈM§· 20 ﬂ·¸, ∑§ãÿÊ 16 ﬂ·¸vx 3. ¬˝ÊÁáÊÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù üÊÿ •ÕÊ¸Ã ∑§ÀÿÊáÊ∑§Ê⁄Ë •Õ¸ ∑§Ë Á≥ÊˇÊÊ “•Á„¢‚Ê” (ºÈ—π Ÿ º∑§⁄) „Ë ∑§⁄, ÃÕÊ S¬C ﬂ ◊œÈ⁄ ∑§„, œ◊¸ ∑§Ë ßë¿UÊ ∑§⁄Ÿ ﬂÊ‹ R§˛Â⁄ ÷Ê·áÊÊÁº Ÿ ∑§⁄– ¬ÈL§·Ù¥ ◊¥ ≥ÊÈR§œÊÃÈ ∑§Ë ©¬ÁSÕÁÃ ﬂÎhÊﬂSÕÊ Ã∑§ „ÙÃË „Ò, ¡’Á∑§ ◊Á„‹Ê•Ê ◊¥ ⁄¡ÙÁŸﬂÎÁÃ 50-55 Ã∑§ „Ù ¡ÊÃË „Ò, ÿÁº ﬂÎhÊﬂSÕÊ 70 ﬂ·¸ ◊ÊŸË ¡Êÿ ÃÙ ÿ„ •ãÃ⁄Ê‹ 1520 ﬂ·¸ ∑§Ê „ÙÃÊ „Ò, ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ÷Ë ‹ª÷ª ßÃŸÊ „Ë •ãÃ⁄Ê‹ Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò ¡Ù Á∑§ ©ÁøÃ „Ë „Ò– ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ∑§Ê»§Ë ¬˝ÊøËŸ ª˝¢Õ „Ò, ©‚ ‚◊ÿ ∑§Ê»§Ë ∑§◊ •ÊÿÈ ◊¥ „Ë ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ∑§⁄ ÁºÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ ÕÊ, ÃÕÊ ‹Ò¥Áª∑§ ¬ÍáÊ¸ÃÊ „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ¬ÈŸ⁄Êª◊Ÿ ‚¢S∑§Ê⁄ ∑‘ ¬pÊÃ „Ë ©‚∑§Ê Á¬ÃÊ ∑‘ ÉÊ⁄ ‚ ¬ÁÃ ∑‘ ÉÊ⁄ ◊¥ ¬˝ﬂ≥Ê „ÙÃÊ ÕÊ– •Ã— ÿ„ ◊Ã ‚◊ËøËŸ „Ë „Ò– 4. º’Êﬂ ¬«UŸ ¬⁄ ÷Ë Á∑§‚Ë ‚ ◊◊¸ë¿UºŸ ﬂÊ‹Ë ’ÊÃ Ÿ ’Ù‹–20 5. ≥Ê⁄Ë⁄ ◊‹ŸÊ, Ÿ„‹ÊŸÊ, ©Áë¿UD ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§⁄ŸÊ •ÊÒ⁄ ¬Ò⁄ œÙŸÊ, ÿ ªÈM§ ∑§Ë ∑§⁄ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ªÈM§¬ÈG ∑§Ë Ÿ„Ë– 6. ©’≈Ÿ ‹ªÊŸÊ, FÊŸ ∑§⁄ŸÊ, º„ º’ÊŸÊ, »Í‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ’Ê‹ ªÍ¢ÕŸÊ ÿ ªÈM§ ¬%Ë ∑§Ë Ÿ ∑§⁄¥– 21 7. ªÈM§ ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ •Ê‚Ÿ ﬂ Á’¿UıŸÊ Ÿ ª˝„áÊ ∑§⁄ ŸËøÊ ª˝„áÊ ∑§⁄– 22 8. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ ﬂ·Ê¸ ´§ÃÈ 4-◊Ê‚ ∑§Ë ◊ÊŸË „Ò14 ¡’Á∑§ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ 2 ◊Ê‚ ◊ÊŸË „Ò–15 (π) ’˝rÊøÊ⁄Ë „ÃÈ ﬂÖÿ¸—1. ◊œÈ, ◊Ê¢‚, ªãœ, ◊ÊÀÿ, •ë¿U ◊œÈ⁄ÊÁº ⁄‚, ùË, Á‚⁄∑§Ê ßàÿÊÁº ‚«UË ﬂSÃÈÿ¥, ¬˝ÊáÊË Á„¢‚Ê, ÃÒ‹ÊÁº ∑§Ê ◊º¸Ÿ, •Ê¢πÙ¥ ◊¥ •TŸ, ¡ÍÃÊ ¬„ŸŸÊ, ¿UG œÊ⁄áÊ, ∑§Ê◊, R§Ùœ, ‹Ù÷, ŸÊøŸÊ, ªÊŸÊ, ’¡ÊŸÊ– 23 •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ •ÿŸÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ∞ﬂ¢ ºÙ· ¬˝∑§Ù¬ÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄ 2-2 ◊Ê‚ ∑§Ë 6 ´§ÃÈ∞¥ ◊ÊŸË „Ò, ¡’Á∑§ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê¬⁄∑§ ª˝¢Õ Ÿ„Ë „ÙŸ ‚ ÿ„Ê° 4-4 ◊Ê‚ ∑§Ë ÃËŸ ´§ÃÈ∞¥ „Ë ◊ÊŸË „Ò, ¡Ù Á∑§ ‚◊ËøËŸ „Ë „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ‚ •ÁÃÁ⁄Q§ Áﬂ·ÿ ¬⁄ãÃÈ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§Ëÿ ≤ÁC ‚ ◊„àﬂ¬ÍáÊ¸ Áﬂ·ÿ - 2. ÁﬂﬂÊ„ Ÿ ∑§⁄Ÿ¥ ÿÙÇÿ º≥Ê ∑È§‹— „ËŸÁR§ÿ¢ ÁŸc¬ÈM§·¢ ÁŸ≥¿UãºÙ ⁄Ù◊≥ÊÊ≥Ê¸‚◊– ˇÊƒÿÊ◊ÿÊ√ÿ¬S◊ÊÁ⁄ÁEÁG∑È§ÁD∑È§‹ÊÁŸ øH24 1. Á¡ÃÁãŒ˝ÿ ¬ÈL§· ∑‘ ‹ˇÊáÊ ’ÃÊÿ „Ò ÿÕÊ üÊÈàﬂÊ S¬ÎCﬂÊ ø ≤CﬂÊ ø ÷ÈQ§ﬂÊ ÉÊ˝ÊàﬂÊ ø ÿÙ Ÿ⁄—– Ÿ NcÿÁÃ Ç‹ÊÿÁÃ ﬂÊ ‚ ÁﬂôÊÿÙ Á¡ÃÁãŒ˝ÿ—H16 3. üÊÊh ‚ê’ãœË ÁﬂÁœ-ÁﬂœÊŸ ∑§Ê ÁﬂSÃÊ⁄ ‚ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò ÿÕÊ¤§ Á¬Ã⁄Ù¥ ‚ ¬˝ËÁÃ øÊ„Ÿ ﬂÊ‹Ê •ÛÊÊÁº, ºÈÇœ, »§‹ •ÊÒ⁄ 2. ©¬ÊäÿÊÿ ∑§Ë ¬Á⁄÷Ê·Ê ’ÃÊÿË „Ò– ÿÕÊ- ¡Ù ﬂº ∑‘ ∞∑§ º≥Ê •ÕﬂÊ ﬂº ∑‘ •X (ÖÿÙÁÃ·, √ÿÊ∑§⁄áÊÊÁº) ∑§Ù ﬂÎÁÃ ∑‘ Á‹ÿ ¬…UÊÿ, ©‚ ©¬ÊäÿÊÿ ∑§„Ã „Ò–17 ¡‹ ‚ ¬˝ÁÃÁºŸ üÊÊh ∑§⁄–25 ¤ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§Ù ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§⁄ÊŸ ‚ ¬Íﬂ¸ „Ù◊ ∑§⁄ÊŸ ÃÕÊ „Ù◊ ∑‘ ¬pÊÃ ∑‘ ’Á‹ ∑§Ê ÁŸº¸≥Ê Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– Á¬ûÊ⁄Ù¥ ∑‘ ◊ÊÁ‚∑§ üÊÊh ◊¥ ÃËŸ, ºﬂ üÊÊh ◊¥ ºÙ •ÕﬂÊ ºﬂ ﬂ Á¬ÃÎ üÊÊh 3. ’˝rÊøÊ⁄Ë ∑‘ Á‹ÿ ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ÁŸÿ◊ ÃÕÊ ﬂÖÿÙZ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– ÿÕÊ84 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda ◊¥ ∞∑§-∞∑§ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§Ù ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§⁄ÊŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸº¸≥Ê „Ò–26 ¤ üÊÊh ◊¥ ¬˝Ê⁄ê÷ ﬂ •ÁãÃ◊ ºÙŸÙ¥ ºﬂÃÊ¬Íﬂ¸∑§ ∑§⁄¥–28 ¤§ üÊÊh ◊¥ ÁŸ◊¢ÁGÃ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ﬂ üÊÊh ∑§⁄Ÿ ﬂÊ‹Ê üÊÊh 4. ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ∑‘ ¬Ê¬Ù „ÃÈ ¬˝ÊÿÁpÃÙ¥ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò ÿÕÊ- 27 ∑‘ ÁºŸ ÁŸÿ◊ ﬂÊ‹Ê „Ù ÃÕÊ ©‚ ÁºŸ ﬂºÊäÿÿŸ Ÿ ∑§⁄¥– ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-6 ¬Ê¬ ¬˝ÊÿÁpÃ ’˝rÊ„àÿÊ - ’˝rÊ„àÿÊ ∑‘ ‚◊ÊŸ ¬Ê¬—Á’ŸÊ ¡ÊŸ ª÷¸ ∑§Ù ◊Ê⁄ŸÊ ÿÊ ÿôÊ ∑§⁄Ã „Èÿ ˇÊÁGÿ ﬂÒ≥ÿ •ÊÒ⁄ ª÷¸ﬂÃË ùË ∑§Ê ﬂœ ∑§⁄ŸÊ–36 -’˝rÊ„àÿÊ ∑‘ ¬˝ÊÿÁpÃ „ÃÈ ﬂŸ ◊¥ ∑È≈Ë ’ŸÊ∑§⁄ 12 ﬂ·¸ Ã∑§ Á÷ˇÊÊ ◊Ê°ª∑§⁄ πÊÿ– 29 -Á∑§‚Ë ∞∑§ ﬂº ∑§Ê ¡¬ ∑§⁄ÃÊ „È•Ê ‚ı ÿÙ¡Ÿ ª◊Ÿ ∑§⁄, Á◊Ã÷È∑§ ﬂ Á¡ÃÁãŒ˝ÿ ⁄„– -•¬ŸÊ ‚’ ∑È¿U ﬂº ¡ÊŸŸ ﬂÊ‹ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§Ù ºÊŸ ∑§⁄ º–30 ‚ÙŸ ∑§Ë øÙ⁄Ë ∑§⁄ŸÊ ⁄Ê¡Ê ∑§Ù øÙ⁄Ë ∑‘ ’Ê⁄ ◊¥ ’ÃÊÿ ÃÕÊ ⁄Ê¡Ê ©‚ ◊Í‚‹ ‚ ºÁá«UÃ ∑§⁄– 31 ªÈM§÷ÊÿÊ¸ ª◊Ÿ ‹Ù„ ∑§Ë Ã#Á≥Ê‹Ê ∑§Ê •ÊÁ‹¢ªŸ ∑§⁄Ê∑§⁄ ÿÊ ‚È‹Ê∑§⁄ ◊ÎàÿÈºá«U º– 32 ªÙ „àÿÊ 2 ◊Ê‚ Ã∑§ ªÙ◊ÍG ‚ FÊŸ ∑§⁄ÃÊ „È•Ê, ‹ﬂáÊ ﬂÁ¡¸Ã •ÛÊ ∑§Ê, ÕÙ«UÊ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§⁄ ÃÕÊ ªÊÿÙ¥ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ ©∆ŸÊ-’Ò∆ŸÊ, ©Ÿ∑§Ë ⁄ˇÊÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ •ÊÁº ∑§◊¸ ∑§⁄Ã „Èÿ ÃËŸ ◊Á„Ÿ ◊¥ ªÙ „àÿÊ ∑‘ ¬Ê¬ ‚ ◊ÈQ§ „Ù ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò–33 •ãÿ ¬Ê¬Ù¥ „ÃÈ ¬˝ÊÿÁpÃ ‚¬¸ ∑§Ù ◊Ê⁄Ÿ ¬⁄- ∑§⁄¿ÍU‹ ∑§Ê ºÊŸ ‚Í∑§⁄ ∑§Ù ◊Ê⁄Ÿ ¬⁄- ÉÊË ÷⁄ ÉÊ«U ∑§Ê ºÊŸ ÁÃûÊ⁄ ∑§Ù ◊Ê⁄Ÿ ¬⁄ - 4 •Ê…U∑§ ÁÃ‹ ∑§Ê ºÊŸ ÃÙÃ ∑§Ù ◊Ê⁄Ÿ ¬⁄ - 2 ﬂ·¸ ∑‘ ’¿U«U ∑§Ê ºÊŸ R§ı¥ø ¬ˇÊË ∑§Ù ◊Ê⁄Ÿ ¬⁄ - 3 ﬂ·¸ ∑‘ ’¿U«U ∑§Ê ºÊŸ34 5. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ◊¥ •ãÃﬂ¸áÊ¸ ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ‚ê’ãœË ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ •äÿÊÿ ÁºÿÊ „Ò ÃÕÊ ºÍ‚⁄ ﬂáÊ¸ ◊¥ ÁﬂﬂÊ„ ‚ „ÙŸ ﬂÊ‹Ë Áﬂ∑Î§ÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò 35ÿÕÊ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-7 ﬂÒ≥ÿ ‚ ˇÊÁGÿÊ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ ◊Êªœ ﬂÒ≥ÿ ‚ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ ﬂÒº„ ≥ÊÍŒ˝ ‚ ﬂÒ≥ÿ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ •ÊÿÙªﬂ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ‚ ﬂÒ≥ÿ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ •ê’D ≥ÊÍŒ˝ ‚ ˇÊÁGÿ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ ˇÊÃÊ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ‚ ≥ÊÍŒ˝Ê ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ ÁŸ·Êº/¬Ê⁄Ê≥Êﬂ ≥ÊÍŒ˝ ‚ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ øÊá«UÊ‹ ˇÊÁGÿ ‚ ≥ÊÍŒ˝ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ ©ª˝ ˇÊÁGÿ ‚ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§ãÿÊ ◊¥ ‚ÍÃ 6. ﬂáÊÊ¸ŸÈ‚Ê⁄(’˝ÊrÊáÊÊÁº ﬂáÊ¸) ∑§◊ÙZ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò ÃÕÊ ∑§◊Ê¸ŸÈ‚Ê⁄ ºÍ‚⁄ ﬂáÊ¸ ◊¥ ¬Á⁄ﬂÃ¸Ÿ „ÙŸÊ ÷Ë ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò, ÿÕÊ85 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.8 ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ˇÊÁGÿ ﬂÒ≥ÿ ∑§◊¸/œ◊¸- 6 ∑§◊¸- ¬…UŸÊ,¬…UÊŸÊ, ÿôÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ, ÿôÊ ∑§⁄ÊŸÊ ºÊŸ ºŸÊ, ºÊŸ ‹ŸÊ •Ê¡ËÁﬂ∑§Ê-ÿôÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ, ¬…UŸÊ, ≥ÊÈh Ám¡ÊÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚ ºÊŸ ‹ŸÊ– 36 ∑§◊¸/œ◊¸- ºÊŸ ∑§⁄ŸÊ,ÿôÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ– •Ê¡ËÁﬂ∑§Ê- •ù-≥Êù œÊ⁄áÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ– ∑§◊¸/œ◊¸- ºÊŸ ∑§⁄ŸÊ, ÿôÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ– •Ê¡ËÁﬂ∑§Ê- √ÿÊ¬Ê⁄ ∞ﬂ¢ πÃË ∑§⁄ŸÊ– 37 8. ‚ÊÁ◊·- ÁŸ⁄ÊÁ◊· ÷Ù¡Ÿ ŸÊ◊∑§ •äÿÊÿ ◊¥ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ÁﬂÁœ ∞ﬂ¢ ﬂÖÿÙZ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò ÿÕÊ- ﬂáÊ¸ ¬Á⁄ﬂÃ¸Ÿ - ÿÕÊ1. ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ◊Ê¢‚, ‹Êπ ∞ﬂ¢ ‹ﬂáÊ ’øŸ ‚ ¬ÁÃÃ „Ù ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò ∞ﬂ¢ ºÍœ ’øŸ ‚ ÃËŸ ÁºŸ ◊¥ ≥ÊÍŒ˝ÃÊ ∑§Ù ¬˝Ê# „Ù ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– 1. ‹„‚ÈŸ, ≥Ê‹¡◊, ∑È§∑È§⁄◊ÈûÊÊ •ÊÁº Ám¡ÊÁÃÿÙ „ÃÈ •÷ˇÿ „Ò– 2. ‚l— ¬˝‚ÍÃÊ ªÊÿ, ∞∑§ πÈ⁄ ﬂÊ‹ ¬≥ÊÈ, ÷«U, ´§ÃÈ◊ÃË ùË, ’¿U«U ⁄Á„Ã ªÊÿ ∑‘ ºÍœ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– ÷Ò¥‚ ∑§Ù ¿UÙ«U∑§⁄ •ãÿ ◊ÎªÙ¥ ∑§Ê ÃÕÊ ÁŸ¡ ùË ∑‘ ºÍœ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò 41 2. ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ◊Ê¢‚ÊÁº ∑‘ •ÁÃÁ⁄Q§ ¬áÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ßë¿UÊ¬Íﬂ¸∑§ ’øŸ ‚ 7 ÁºŸ ◊¥ ﬂÒ≥ÿ „Ù ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– 38 6. øÊ⁄Ù¥ •ÊüÊ◊Ù¥ (’˝rÊøÿ¸ •ÊüÊ◊, ªÎ„SÕ •ÊüÊ◊, ﬂÊŸ¬˝SÕ •üÊ◊ ÃÕÊ ‚ãÿÊ‚ •ÊüÊ◊) ‚¢’ãœË ÁŸÿ◊Ù¥ ∑§Ê ÁﬂSÃÊ⁄ ‚ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò–39 3. ◊Ê¢‚ ◊¥ ÁﬂÁc∑§⁄, ¡Ê‹¬Êº ∑‘ ◊Ê¢‚, ’ªÈ‹Ê, ’Ãπ ∑§Ê ◊Ê¢‚, ◊¿UÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù πÊŸ ﬂÊ‹, ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ◊¿U‹Ë ÃÕÊ ÁﬂCÊ÷ˇÊË ≥ÊÍ∑§⁄ ∑‘ ◊Ê¢‚ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò–ÿôÊ ∑‘ •ÁÃÁ⁄Q§ ◊Ê¢‚ ÷ˇÊáÊ ∑§Ê ÁŸ·œ ∑§⁄Ã „È∞ ß‚ ⁄ÊˇÊ‚ ÁﬂÁœ ∑§„Ê „Ò– 42 7. •CÊ¢ª ÿÙª ∑‘ •¢ªÙ ∑§Ê ≥ÊÊ⁄ËÁ⁄∑§ ∞ﬂ¢ ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ ≥ÊÈÁh ◊¥ ◊„àﬂ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò40 ÿÕÊ ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-9 ¬˝ÊÿÊáÊÊ◊ ‚ ⁄ÊªÊÁº ºÙ·Ù¥ ∑§Ê ŸÊ≥Ê œÊ⁄áÊÊ•Ù¥ ‚ ¬Ê¬ ∑§Ê ŸÊ≥Ê ¬˝àÿÊ„Ê⁄ ‚ Áﬂ·ÿ ‚¢‚ª¸ ∑§Ê ÁŸ⁄Ùœ äÿÊŸ ‚ ◊Ù„ÊÁº ªÈáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ê ŸÊ≥Ê 9. œÊÃÈ•Ù¥ ∑‘ ≥ÊÙœŸ ∑§Ë ÁﬂÁœ, ≥ÊÊ⁄UËÁ⁄U∑§ ∞ﬂ¢ ◊ÊŸÁ‚∑§ ≥ÊÙœŸ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ- ‚ÊÕ •‹ª- •‹ª ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ∑‘ ◊ŸÈcÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò,44 ÿÕÊ- ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-10 ÁﬂmÊŸÙ¥ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ˇÊ◊Ê ‚ ÿôÊÊÁº ⁄Á„Ã ◊ŸÈcÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ºÊŸ ‚ ©ûÊ◊ ﬂº ∑§Ù ¡ÊŸŸ ﬂÊ‹Ù ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh Ã¬ ‚ ◊‹ ÿÈQ§ •≥ÊÈh ﬂSÃÈ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ◊ÎÁÃ∑§Ê ﬂ ¡‹ ‚ ŸºË ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ﬂª ‚ ◊Ÿ ‚ ºÍÁ·Ã ùË ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ⁄¡—Sﬂ‹Ê „ÙŸ ¬⁄ ’˝ÊrÊáÊ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh àÿÊª ‚ 86 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda ≥Ê⁄Ë⁄ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ¬ÊŸË ‚ ◊Ÿ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ‚àÿ ’Ù‹Ÿ ‚ ‚Íˇ◊ Á‹¢ª ≥Ê⁄Ë⁄ ‚ ÿÈQ§ ¡ËﬂÊà◊Ê ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ÁﬂlÊ ﬂ Ã¬ ‚ ’ÈÁh ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ôÊÊŸ ‚ ‚ÈﬂáÊ¸, „Ë⁄Ê, ◊ÁáÊ ﬂ ‚¢¬ÍáÊ¸ ¬Ê·ÊáÊ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh Á◊^Ë ﬂ ¡‹ ‚ ÁŸ‹¸¬ ‚ÈﬂáÊ¸¬ÊG, ≥Ê¢π, ◊ÙÃË, •≥◊, •ŸÈ¬S∑Î§Ã ⁄¡Ã ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ∑‘ﬂ‹ ¡‹ ‚ ÃÊ◊˝, ‹ı„, ∑§Ê¢Sÿ, ¬ËûÊ‹, ‹Êπ, ‚Ë‚∑§ ∑§Ë ≥ÊÈÁh ˇÊÊ⁄Ùº∑§ ﬂ ∑‘ﬂ‹ ¡‹ ‚ 10. Ám¡Ù¥ „ÃÈ œ◊¸ ∑‘ 10 ‹ˇÊáÊ ’ÃÊ∑§⁄ ©Ÿ‚ ◊ÙˇÊ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÊÁ# „ÙŸÊ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– œÎÁÃ— ˇÊ◊Ê º◊Ù˘SÃÿ¢ ≥ÊıøÁ◊ÁãŒ˝ÿ ÁŸª˝„—– œËÁﬂ¸lÊ ‚àÿ◊R§ÙœÙ º≥Ê∑¢§ œ◊¸‹ˇÊáÊ◊˜ H 45 11. ◊„Ê¬ÊÃ∑§ ﬂ ©¬¬ÊÃ∑§ ºÙ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄ ∑‘ ¬Ê¬ ’ÃÊ∑§⁄ ©Ÿ∑‘ Á‹ÿ R§◊≥Ê— •Áœ∑§ ¬Ë«U Ê ºÊÿ∑§ ∞ﬂ¢ ∑§Á∆Ÿ ÃÕÊ •¬ˇÊÊ∑Î§Ã ∑§◊ ¬Ë«UÊºÊÿ∑§ ∞ﬂ¢ ∑§Á∆Ÿ ¬˝ÊÿÁpÃ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-11 ◊„Ê¬ÊÃ∑§ ©¬¬ÊÃ∑§ ’˝rÊ„àÿÊ, ◊Áº⁄Ê¬ÊŸ, øÙ⁄Ë ∑§⁄ŸÊ, ªÈM§ ¬%Ë ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ √ÿÁ÷øÊ⁄ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ßàÿÊÁº–46 •ÁªA„ÙG Ÿ ∑§⁄ŸÊ, ´§áÊ Ÿ øÈ∑§ÊŸÊ, •‚Ã ≥ÊÊùÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬…UŸÊ, ŸÊøŸ ªÊŸ ’¡ÊŸ ∑§Ê ‚ﬂŸ, œÊãÿ •ÊÒ⁄ ¬≥ÊÈ•Ù¥ ∑§Ë øÙ⁄Ë, ◊l ¬ËŸ ﬂÊ‹Ë ùË ‚ √ÿÊÁ÷øÊ⁄, ˇÊÁGÿ ∑§Ê ﬂœ ∞ﬂ¢ ŸÊÁSÃ∑§ÃÊ ßàÿÊÁº–47 12. ŸÊÁ÷ ∑‘ ™§¬⁄ ∑§Ë ßÁãŒ˝ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¬ÁﬂG ÃÕÊ ŸÊÁ÷ ‚ ŸËø ∑§Ë ßÁãŒ˝ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù •¬ÁﬂG ◊ÊŸÊ „Ò48 13. ∑§Ê◊ ‚ ©à¬ÛÊ 10 ÃÕÊ R§Ùœ ‚ ©à¬ÛÊ 8 √ÿ‚ŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê ©Ñπ ∑§⁄Ã „È∞ ©ã„¥ ÿ% ‚ ¿UÙ«UŸ ∑§Ê ÁŸº¸≥Ê Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò–49 ‚Ê⁄áÊË Ÿ¢.-12 ∑§Ê◊ ‚ ©à¬ÛÊ √ÿ‚Ÿ R§Ùœ ‚ ©à¬ÛÊ √ÿ‚Ÿ Á≥Ê∑§Ê⁄ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ◊l¬ÊŸ øÈª‹Ë ∑§⁄ŸÊ ºÍ‚⁄ ∑‘ ªÈáÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ºÙ· ‹ªÊŸÊ ¡È•Ê π‹ŸÊ ŸÊøŸÊ ‚Ê„‚ Œ˝√ÿ „⁄áÊ ÁºŸ ◊¥ ‚ÙŸÊ ªÊŸÊ Œ˝Ù„ ªÊ‹Ë ºŸÊ ¬Á⁄ﬂÊº ∑§⁄ŸÊ (ºÍ‚⁄ ∑‘ ºÙ·Ù¥ ∑§Ù ∑§„ŸÊ) ’¡ÊŸÊ ß¸cÿÊ¸ ∑§∆Ù⁄ÃÊ ùË ‚¢÷Ùª Á’ŸÊ ¬˝ÿÙ¡Ÿ ÉÊÍ◊ŸÊ ©¬‚¢„Ê⁄ - 14. 100 ﬂ·¸ Ã∑§ ¬˝ÁÃÁºŸ •E◊ÉÊ ÿôÊ ∑§⁄ŸÊ ÃÕÊ •Ê¡ËﬂŸ ◊Ê¢‚ ÷ˇÊáÊ Ÿ„Ë, ºÙŸÙ¥ ∑§Ê »§‹ ‚◊ÊŸ ’ÃÊÿÊ „Ò– 50 ‚ÎÁC ◊¥ ﬂº ôÊÊŸ ∑§Ë •◊ÍÀÿ œ⁄Ù„⁄ „Ò– ‚ê¬ÍáÊ¸ ôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê •ÊÁﬂ÷Ê¸ﬂ ﬂºÙ¥ ‚ „Ë „È•Ê „Ò– ﬂºÊ¢ªÙ¥ ∑‘ ◊Êäÿ◊ ‚ ß‚Ë ôÊÊŸ ∑§Ù ‚⁄‹ ﬂ ‚È√ÿÊÁSÕÃ …U¢ª‚ ¬˝SÃÈÃ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿ% Á∑§ÿÊ 87 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 ¬¢.∑Î§cáÊ≥ÊÊùË Ÿﬂ⁄ ¬Á⁄c∑§ûÊÊ¸ ¬¢. „Á⁄ ‚ºÊÁ≥Êﬂ ≥ÊÊùË ¬⁄Ê«˜∑§⁄ Á÷·ªÊøÊÿ¸, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ, ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë,(•.N.‚Í.1/ 13),¬Î.‚¢.10 „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ‚¢ª˝Á„Ã ôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê dÙÃ ÷Ë •Õﬂ¸ﬂº ÿÊ •ãÿ ©¬ÁŸ·º ﬂ S◊ÎÁÃÿÊ° ⁄„Ë „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ ﬂÊX◊ÿ ∑‘ ¬˝ÁÃ¬Í⁄áÊÊÕ¸ Á¡Ÿ ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ º≥Ê¸ŸÙ¥, ¬È⁄ÊáÊÙ¥ ﬂ S◊ÎÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚ Áﬂ·ÿ ∑§Ù Á‹ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò, ©Ÿ◊¥ ‚ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ÷Ë ∞∑§ „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ ¡ËﬂŸ º≥Ê¸Ÿ ∑‘ ’„ÈÃ ‚ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ©ºª◊ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ‚ ¡ÊŸ ¬«UÃÊ „Ò–ﬂ„Ë¥ ∑È¿U Áﬂ·ÿ ∞‚ ÷Ë „Ò¥, ¡Ù Á∑§ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ ≤ÁC ‚ ◊„àﬂ¬ÍáÊ¸ „Ò¥, ◊ª⁄ ©ã„¥ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ ª˝¢ÕÙ¥ ◊¥ SÕÊŸ Ÿ„Ë¥ Á◊‹Ê „Ò, •Ã— ∞‚ Áﬂ·ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ◊Í‹ dÙÃ ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ ‚ ©ºÉÊÊÁ≈Ã ∑§⁄∑‘ ©Ÿ∑§Ê ÁﬂﬂøŸ ∑§⁄Ÿ ‚ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áºÿ ﬂÊX◊ÿ ∑§Ë ºÈ‹¸÷ ¬˝ÁÃ¬ÍÁÃ¸ „Èß¸ „Ò– 10. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/35) ,¬Î.‚¢ 178 11. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 6/92) ,¬Î.‚¢197 12. üÊË◊mÊÇ÷≈Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃ◊˜ •CÊX Nºÿê(2007) üÊË◊ºL§áÊºûÊÁﬂ⁄ÁøÃÿÊ ‚ﬂÊ¸X‚Èãº⁄ÊÅÿÿÊ √ÿÊÅÿÿÊ „◊ÊÁŒ˝¬˝áÊËÃÿÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ̧º⁄‚ÊÿŸÊuÿÊ ≈Ë∑§ÿÊ ø ‚◊È Ñ ÊÁ‚Ãê¬˝ Á Ã‚¢ S ∑§ûÊÊ¸ ⁄ ı «U Ê Ú . •ááÊÊ ◊ı⁄ E ⁄ ∑È á ≈ ÃÕÊ ¬¢.∑Î§cáÊ≥ÊÊùË Ÿﬂ⁄ ¬Á⁄c∑§ûÊÊ¸ ¬¢. „Á⁄ ‚ºÊÁ≥Êﬂ ≥ÊÊùË ¬⁄Ê«˜∑§⁄ Á÷·ªÊøÊÿ¸, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ, ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë,(•.N.≥ÊÊ.1/ 8),¬Î.‚¢.363 ‚¢º÷¸—- 13. ◊„Á·¸áÊÊ ‚ÈüÊÈÃŸ Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃÊ ‚ÈüÊÈÃ‚¢Á„ÃÊ üÊË«UÀ„áÊÊøÊÿ¸Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃÊ ÁŸ’ãœ‚¢ª˝„ÊÅÿ√ÿÊÅÿÿÊ ÁŸºÊŸSÕÊŸSÿ üÊËªÿºÊ‚ÊøÊÿ¸Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃÿÊ ãÿÊÿøÁãŒ˝∑§ÊÅÿÿÊ ø ‚◊ÈÑÁ‚Ã •ÊøÊÿÙ¸¬ÊuŸ ÁGÁﬂR§◊Êà◊¡Ÿ ÿÊºﬂ≥Ê◊¸áÊÊ, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ,ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë, (‚È.‚Í.35/13), ¬Î.‚¢.151 1. ◊„Á·¸ ¬ È Ÿ ﬂ¸ ‚ È - •ÊG ÿ Ù¬Áº·CÊ, ÃÁë¿U c ÿÊÁªA ﬂ  ≥ Ê¬˝ á ÊËÃÊ, ø⁄∑§≤…U’‹¬˝ÁÃ‚¢S∑Î§ÃÊ, ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ (2014) üÊË øR§¬ÊáÊË ºûÊ Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ººËÁ¬∑§ÊÁﬂ÷ÍÁ·ÃÊ ‚ê¬Êº∑§ ÿÊºﬂ¡ËÁG∑§◊¡Ë•ÊøÊÿ¸, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë, (ø.≥ÊÊ. 1/27, øR§¬ÊáÊË ≈Ë∑§Ê), ¬Î.‚¢. 28 14. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 9/304) ,¬Î.‚¢.343 2. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 1/8, ãÿ •ÊøÊÿ¸ ≈Ë∑§Ê) ,¬Î.‚¢ 9 15. ◊„Á·¸ ¬ È Ÿ ﬂ¸ ‚ È - •ÊG ÿ Ù¬ÁºCÊ, ÃÁë¿U c ÿÊÁªA ﬂ  ≥ Ê¬˝ á ÊËÃÊ, ø⁄∑§≤…U’‹¬˝ÁÃ‚¢S∑Î§ÃÊ, ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ (2014) üÊË øR§¬ÊáÊË ºûÊ Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ººËÁ¬∑§ÊÁﬂ÷ÍÁ·ÃÊ ‚ê¬Êº∑§ ÿÊºﬂ¡ËÁG∑§◊¡Ë•ÊøÊÿ¸, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë, (ø.≥ÊÊ. 1/27), ¬Î.‚¢. 289 3. ◊„Á·¸- ¬ÃTÁ‹◊ÈÁŸ¬˝áÊËÃ¢,¬ÊÃT‹ÿÙªº≥Ê¸Ÿ◊˜ √ÿÊ‚÷Êcÿ ‚¢ﬂÁ‹Ã◊˜ ÃìÊ ÿÙªÁ‚Áh-Á„ãºË√ÿÊÅÿÙ¬Ã◊,√ÿÊÅÿÊ∑§Ê⁄ «UÊ.Ú ‚È⁄≥ ÊøãŒ˝ üÊËﬂÊSÃ√ÿ ≥ÊÊùË, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ, ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë(‚ÊœŸ¬Êº 30,32 ) ¬Î.‚¢.266,273 16. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/98) ,¬Î.‚¢.46 4. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 4/204(1-4),¬Î.‚¢.143 17. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/141) ,¬Î.‚¢.53 5. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 12/24) ,¬Î.‚¢ 416 18. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/129) ,¬Î.‚¢.51 6. ◊„Á·¸ ¬ È Ÿ ﬂ¸ ‚ È - •ÊG ÿ Ù¬Áº·CÊ, ÃÁë¿U c ÿÊÁªA ﬂ  ≥ Ê¬˝ á ÊËÃÊ, ø⁄∑§≤…U’‹¬˝ÁÃ‚¢S∑Î§ÃÊ, ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ (2014) üÊË øR§¬ÊáÊË ºûÊ Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ººËÁ¬∑§ÊÁﬂ÷ÍÁ·ÃÊ ‚ê¬Êº∑§ ÿÊºﬂ¡ËÁG∑§◊¡Ë•ÊøÊÿ¸, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë, (ø.≥ÊÊ. 4/36), ¬Î.‚¢. 32 19. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/131-133) ,¬Î.‚¢.5 7. ◊„Á·¸ ¬ È Ÿ ﬂ¸ ‚ È - •ÊG ÿ Ù¬Áº·CÊ, ÃÁë¿U c ÿÊÁªA ﬂ  ≥ Ê¬˝ á ÊËÃÊ, ø⁄∑§≤…U’‹¬˝ÁÃ‚¢S∑Î§ÃÊ, ø⁄∑§ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ (2014) üÊË øR§¬ÊáÊË ºûÊ Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ººËÁ¬∑§ÊÁﬂ÷ÍÁ·ÃÊ ‚ê¬Êº∑§ ÿÊºﬂ¡ËÁG∑§◊¡Ë•ÊøÊÿ¸, øıπê÷Ê ‚È⁄÷Ê⁄ÃË ¬˝∑§Ê≥ÊŸ ﬂÊ⁄ÊáÊ‚Ë, (ø.‚Í.11/5), ¬Î.‚¢. 68 20. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/159,161) ,¬Î.‚¢.55,56 8. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ4 /5-6) ,¬Î.‚¢ 112 22. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/198) ,¬Î.‚¢.61 9. üÊË◊mÊÇ÷≈Áﬂ⁄ÁøÃ◊˜ •CÊX Nºÿ◊˜ (2007) üÊË◊ºL§áÊºûÊÁﬂ⁄ÁøÃÿÊ ‚ﬂÊ¸X‚Èãº⁄ÊÅÿÿÊ √ÿÊÅÿÿÊ „◊ÊÁŒ˝¬˝áÊËÃÿÊ •ÊÿÈﬂ̧º⁄‚ÊÿŸÊuÿÊ ≈Ë∑§ÿÊ ø ‚◊È Ñ ÊÁ‚Ã◊˜ ¬˝ Á Ã‚¢ S ∑§ûÊÊ¸ ⁄ ı «U Ê Ú . •ááÊÊ ◊ı⁄ E ⁄ ∑È á ≈ ÃÕÊ 23. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/177-178), ¬Î.‚¢.58 21. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2/209,211) ,¬Î.‚¢.63 88 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda 24. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 3/7), ¬Î.‚¢.70 43. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/131),¬Î.‚¢.160 25. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 3/81-87), ¬Î.‚¢.80,81 44. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/107-114),¬Î.‚¢.174-175 26. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 3/125), ¬Î.‚¢.91 45. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 6/92),¬Î.‚¢.197 27. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 3/188),¬Î.‚¢.98 46. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 9/234 ), ¬Î.‚¢.335 28. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 3/205),¬Î.‚¢.100 47. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/65-66), ¬Î.‚¢.381 29. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/87),¬Î.‚¢384 48. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/132), ¬Î.‚¢.178 30. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/72, 75, 76),¬Î.‚¢.382 49. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 7/47-48), ¬Î.‚¢.205 31. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/99-100),¬Î.‚¢.386 50. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/53), ¬Î.‚¢.164 32. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/103),¬Î.‚¢.387 33. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/109-115),¬Î.‚¢.387-388 34. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 11/133-136),¬Î.‚¢.391 35. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 10/7-12),¬Î.‚¢.350 36. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 10/74-76),¬Î.‚¢.359-360 37. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 10/79),¬Î.‚¢.36 38. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 10/92, 93),¬Î.‚¢.36 39. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 2,4,6) 40. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 6/72),¬Î.‚¢.195 41. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/5, 7-8, 9),¬Î.‚¢.154 42. ◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ(2008), ÷Êcÿ∑§Ê⁄ ÃÈ‹‚Ë⁄Ê◊ SﬂÊ◊Ë, ⁄¢¡Ÿ ¬Áé‹∑‘≥Êã‚, ºÁ⁄ÿÊª¢¡, Ÿß¸ ÁºÑË, (◊ŸÈS◊ÎÁÃ 5/13-14),¬Î.‚¢.157 89 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Literary Review Medical Ethics in Ayurveda- a Review *Dr. Manorma Singh, **Prof. Sanjeev Sharma Abstract Ethics is an important discipline of medical practice. Ethics constitute the application of moral principles, values and standards to the practice of medicine. In the modern times awareness has increased regarding the matters related to human rights and consumer protection. Doctors face medico-legal controversial issues on regular basis. The basic aim behind the knowledge and practice of ethics is to avoid unwanted legal issues and to develop healthy professionalism. The practice of ethics is indispensable and has been given special consideration in the National Health Policy 2015. Centuries back, Ayurveda has advocated the practice of ethics in the field of medicine, necessitating the competence of the physician, getting consent, to develop the virtues of integrity, compassion and self effacement, to maintain good relation with co-professionals, to abstain from making false claims, advertisements and malpractices.References are available where matters of confidentiality and privacy of the patient have been given importance. Modern medical ethics has its roots in ayurveda. Ayurvedic code of conduct and ethics should be endorsed with zeal in the present medical practice. 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Deptt. of Shalya Tantra, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. P.G. Ayurvedic College, Paprola 176115 H. P. (India) E-mail profsanjeevhp@gmail.com, Mob. +91-94180-79691 90 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Literary Review Medical Ethics in Ayurveda- a Review Dr. Manorma Singh, Prof. Sanjeev Sharma Introduction accused of conducting experiments on human participants without their consent and exposing them to grave risk of death or permanent impairment of their faculties raised grave concern about subjecting human subjects to medical research. This resulted into Nuremberg code in 1947.3 Ethics is an essential supporting discipline, also an integral part of a good medical practice. Ethics simply means the rules or principles which govern right conduct.1 The application of ethics to the situation specific to medical practice is termed as Medical Ethics. In the current National Health Policy 2015; professionalism, integrity and ethics constitute the key policy principles. In Ayurveda, an elaborated description regarding ethics related to medical practice has been given.The documentation of medical ethics is not available at a single place but the references are available scattered at numerous places in the ancient ayurvedic treatises. It is a very vast topic. This is an attempt to review the medical ethics in brief, as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. The application of ethics to the situation specific to medical practice is termed as Medical Ethics. Ancient India’s contributions to ethics and surgical training are remarkable and, almost 3000 years later, continue to have great relevance in modern times as well. In this era of enormous technical advances and innovative therapies, the influence and power of crass materialism and rampant commercialization grows ominously. Sadly, the benefits of advanced technology are far from available to all, and the business of health care becomes increasingly venal. Doctors are better informed about their conditions of service and their career opportunities than the rights and welfare of their patients. It is inevitable, under such circumstances, that deviant practices and tendencies will come to taint ethical medical practice and training.4 In the current National Health Policy 2015; professionalism, integrity and ethics constitute the key policy principles. In Ayurveda, an elaborated description regarding ethics related to medical practice has been given.5 Historical Background and Importance of Medical Ethics The history of western medical ethics may be traced back to the guidelines on conduct of the physician as stated in the Hippocratic Oath. The first code of medical ethics, ‘Formula Comitis Archiatrorum, was published in the fifth century, during the reign of Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great. In the medieval and early modern period, the credit goes to Ishaqibn Ali al-Ruhawi to write the first book dedicated to medical ethics. By eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the concept of medical ethics had emerged as a more self conscious discourse. In England, Thomas Percival, a physician and author, crafted the first modern code of medical ethics. In 1803, he coined the terms ‘medical ethics’ and ‘medical jurisprudence’. In 1815, the Apothecaries Act was passed by the parliament of United Kingdom. This was the beginning of regulation of medical profession in U.K.2 Principle of Professional Competence In the recent times more emphasis has been laid on the ethics in medical science. In fact this is the result of Nazis atrocities in the name of research. The shocking details of the post Second World war (1939-45) trial of German medical practitioners First and the foremost requirement in ethical medical practice is the competence of physician (vaidya/bhishaga). The physician who has completed the study of the texts, understood the meaning/interpretation (of the precepts), observed Medical Ethics Main principle of medical practice is to provide high quality care to the patient. Medical ethics is a practical tool designed to improve patient care, innovation and research. Description of ethics in Ayurveda are summarised as under. 91 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 the actions (application of therapies and their effects), made fit (through practical training), recapitulating the teachings of the science always; should enter into the profession. 6 The vaidya desirous of bringing equilibrium of Dhatus should first of all examine himself i.e have introspection that whether will I be able to perform the act (of treating this patient) or not?7 Acharya Sushruta was the first to emphasize upon practical training in experimental and clinical surgery. Acharya Charaka has stated that the physician should contantly endeavour to improvise his skills and proficiency.8 Principle of Informed Consent Surgery is an integral branch of medicine. It is an ancient specialty and technology constituting a direct physical intervention on body tissues.In the context of surgical intervention in renal calculus (Ashmari Chikitsa Prakarana) there is the reference of prior consent of the well wishers of the patient.19 Acharya Dalhana has commented that if surgery is done without obtaining consent then surgeon is liable to be punished by death sentence.20 Now-a-days also, surgeons have a legal as well as moral obligation to obtain consent for the treatment based on appropriate levels of information. Failure to do so could result into civil proceedings against surgeon.21 It is the choice of the patient to receive or refuse the treatment. In the context of Moodh-Garbh Chikitsa, reference of prior consent and permission of the husband /guardian is available. 22 Also Acharya Vagbhatta has quoted to seek the permission prior to surgical intervention.23 The surgeon must respect the autonomy of patient. Informed consent is the central Dogma of medical ethics. Qualities of the physician The physician should have a clear vision in theory (shrut paryanvadatatva), extensive practical experience (bahu drishta karmata), skill (dakshya) and purity (shaucha). 9 The qualities of an ideal physician has been described by Acharya charak at various places.10,11,12,13,14 Principles of Regulation of Medical practice Before entering the field of medical practice it was mandatory to obtain permission from the king (Raja-anugya).15 It is suggestive of existence of rules regarding control and regulation of medical practice even during ancient times, similar to the registration of the medical practitioners of present days. He, who is skilled in practice through audacity and acts apart from the dictates of the science, does not get respect from the wise and deserves killing by the king. The kuvaidhya (quack physician/surgeon) thrive due to the inefficiency of the king. 16Acharya Vriddha Vagbhatta has quoted that the permission of the teacher (Guru) is an essential pre-requisite for a student of Medical Sciences to be designated as Physician (Bhishaga).17 Principle of Responsibility and Execution of full Professional Skill As described in Ayurveda, firstly proper examination of the disease and diseased has been advocated (Roga-Rogi Pariksha). The diseases have been broadly classified as curable and incurable based on prognosis.24,25 The wise physician has to act after careful examination .26 In case of incurable diseases, surgeon has to clearly prognosticate before starting the treatment. ‘Pratyakhyana’ term is used at various places. 27,28,29 Physician after determining curability or incurability of the disease, then proceeding with treatment well in time, after thorough knowledge certainly succeeds. The physician treating incurable diseases suffers from loss of wealth, knowledge/learning, fame and gets censure and unpopularity. 30 It has been quoted that the treatment should be continued till the last breath because sometimes even after appearance of Arishta Lakshana (features of bad prognosis/impending death), the patient survives by luck/God?s grace.31 In the modern medical practice also the physician is not entitled to refuse to treat a patient with incurable diseases like AIDS or HIV positive status. Surgeon making wrong operation on the body of his patient Principles of Ideal Treatment The ideal/correct treatment/therapy is that which while pacifying a disorder does not excite/ produce another one, while that which though pacifies one disorder, yet at the same time gives rise to another one is not correct. 18 This is a very important principle that must be kept in mind while managing the diseases. 92 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda either through mistake, or through the want of necessary skill or knowledge or out of greed, fear, nervousness or haste, or in the consequence of being abused, should be condemned as the direct cause of many new and unforeseen maladies.32 Care should be taken not to leave any room for the occurrence of those evils in connection with a surgical procedure.33 Principle of conservativism Ayurveda embarks to refrain from unwanted surgery and to perform the same only when it is absolutely necessary. In Ayurveda surgical intervention has been considered as the last resort when all the conservative measures fail or when the disease is of such type that urgent surgery is required to save the life of the patient.42,43 Principles of Limitations of the Practice and Referrals Non malficens The medical ethics bound the physician to practice his skill within the limits of individual competence, has been well described at various places in Ayurvedic literature. One should not enter in the horizon of other specialty and patient should be referred to concerned specialist. Ayurveda as whole has eight branches or specializations (Ashtangayurveda). 34 (SU. SU.1/6-7) From the thorough study of Ayurvedic literature it can be concluded that the concept of specialization was well developed at that time and there were different expert practitioners of all these specializations. In the context of Pakva Gulma, it has clearly been advised to refer the patient to the specialist (surgeon) who is skilled to manage the same. 35,36 Similarly in the case of Udar-Roga Chikitsa.37 Thus, It was a routine practice to refer the patients to the experts of concerned speciality. Invasive therapeutic procedures should be adopted after carefully and accurately determining the risk/benefit ratio, has been well described in Ayurveda. He who cuts the unripe swelling due to ignorance and he who ignores the ripe one (without cutting) both are to be considered as mean fellows and performers of uncertain action.44 To conduct research Success comes to that physician who practices therapeutic techniques daily.45 It is duty of Physician to improvise his abilities and competence constantly.46 To teach in accordance with standards of intellectual and moral excellence A number of seminars and symposia (Sambhasha-Parishad) have been described mainly in Charak Samhita to clarify, interpret and deduce proper inferences. Forty four terms for debate (44 Vada Marg-pada) have been described in detail in Charak Samhita. 47 Under various pretexts the basic principles of teaching have been described. In Sushruta Samhita the description of teaching techniques and methods to study the medical science have been given.48 Practical training (Yogya) to the students of medical sciences to make them competent for the Surgical practice is a great contribution by Acharya Sushruta. 49 He is designated as the first medical man who advocated practical study of anatomy by dissection. 50 In Brihattrayee (Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Astang Hridya) an elaborated description of ethics related to conduct of teacher and the student has been given. Principles of False Claims, Advertisements and Malpractices The person himself being incompetent but claims to be an expert physician has been condemned. 38 The patients have been advised to refrain from consulting such type of persons and should never rely on them. Relationship with other co-professionals The vaidya (physician) should not enter into controversy with other vaidyas; should advise treatment with collective opinion.39 Consultation with group of vaidyas (physicians) alleviates all the confusions and doubts.40 Professional virtues Concept of qualities of Physician, attendant, Patient and Medicine has been contributed by Ayurveda for the overall success of medical practice. 41 The concept of Tantrayukti is described for the better and precise knowledge of the texts. A physician who is not conversant with the canons of 93 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 exposition, though he may be a student of many treatises, will fail to grasp the meaning of these treatises, just as aman fails to acquire wealth when fortune has deserted him.51,52 that which is devoid of allurement.58 One should not take cereals, foods, drinks or money from a patient.59 Those who trade their medical skill for livelihood; leaving heap of gold aside collect a pile of dust.60 Compassion Professional Gains / Benefits It simply means alertness or preparedness to respond to pain, anxiety and misery of the patient. “My patient comes first” is the basic medical ethics. “Friendliness with all living beings, showing compassion towards the suffering and wishing the happiness of all” is the philosophy of the medical profession which all physicians should inculcate in their life. 53Compassion for patients is greatest piety, the Vaidya (physician) who observes this excels all others. The patient might suspect his own mother, father, sons or relatives but reposes faith in physician, submits himself to him (the physician) and does not suspect him. Hence the physician should protect the patient like his own son.54 Acharya Vagbhatta has described ‘Addhya’ (rich/resourceful/ affordable) guna (quality) of the patient. 61 In the literature related to Rasa Shastra ‘Dhanwantri Bhag’ and ‘Rudra Bhag’ have been described for the physician, thereby fixing the gains from the patient and the persons selling medical goods/drugs. Beyond that fixed limits, nothing should be taken. The evil minded/wicked who does not repay the vaidya in return for being treated by him, the fruits of all his virtuous acts go to the vaidya.Thus the rights of physician has also been given due consideration while describing the professional ethics. Moral ethics Self effacement The ethical approach of Ayurveda deals with up liftment of moral character of the surgeon. He should avoid sitting together with women, residing with them, cutting jokes with them, accepting anything given by them except food.62 The physician should have the qualities like Sumansa (maintaining good mind), Kalyanbhivyaharen (wishing the good of all in word and deed), Bandhubhuten (remaining friendly with all living beings) and Akuhaka (not behaving like a quack).55 In Charak Samhita four basic qualities of the physician have been described viz. Maitri (friendship), Karuna (compassion), Harsh (cheerfulness), Upeksha (indifference and calmness). The physician should be devoted to these virtues.56 Friendliness and also compassion towards the diseased, deep concern for those likely to be cured, indifference to those advancing towards death; these fourfold disciplines/attitudes of a physician have been described.It is further stated that the surgeon should be in easy reach of all people especially the poor, who may not have the courage to come near him if he is bearing gorgeous and wealthy dress. The physician should be careful always in his conduct and behaviour lest he may lose respect and reputation.57 Confidentiality It is clearly mentioned in Ayurvedic texts that the physician should not disclose the private matters of the patient to anyone else.63 Respect of Autonomy Ayurvedic ethics bound the surgeon to visit the house of the patient only when asked.64 Under no circumstances the medical treatment should be given without the will of the patient. Conclusion Ethics is an indispensable part of medical science. To inculcate the moral values, continuous practice of medical ethics is imperative. In Ayurveda great emphasis has been given on the practice of ethics to strengthen the bond of therapeutic relationship between the patient and the surgeon.It also improvises the quality of professional life of the surgeon. Moral values of Ayurveda are milestones to guide the surgeon of modern times. It is vital to understand the legal and professional importance of High Ideals of Treatment Acharya Charak has strongly condemned the physician who indulges in to the medical practice just to make money. He has described the concept of Naishishthki Chikitsa. The supreme treatment is 94 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda surgical ethics and to practice the same at all the levels of medical care. This safeguards the interest of patient, surgeon and profession as well. An ethically designed medical practice benefits all. 1 3 . KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 9: 21, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p198. References 1 4 . KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 9: 22, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p198. 1. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed. W.B.Saunders Company: An Imprint of Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA:2000; p646 2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ethics. 3. VasanthaMuthuswamy and Nandini K. Kumar (2008): Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi; p2. 1 5 . Ibid SushrutaSamhita, verse 3, p41. Sutra 1 6 . Ibid SushrutaSamhita, verse 49, p19 Sutra Sthana, Sthana, Chapter Chapter 10, 3, 4. Singh, B., and Swami Sardananada (2008): Ethics and surgical training in ancient India – a cue for current practice. South African Medical Journal, 98: p218-221 1 7 . ShailajaSrivastava. Hindi Commentary on AstangaSamgraha, Part I, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 2 verse no. 9, 1 st ed. ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, 2006; p30. 5. AmbikadattaShastri, translator, Ayurvedatatvasandeepika Hindi commentary on Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, 10:3-10, Second ed. (reprint) Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p41-45. 1 8 . KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakaSamhita, Part 1, NidanaSthana, Chapter 8 verse no. 23, 1 st ed. (reprint). ChaukhambhaBharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p667. 6. Ibid 7. KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, VimanaSthana, 8: 86, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p768. 1 9 . AmbikadattaShastri, translator, Ayurvedatatvasandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, ChikitsaSthana, Chapter 7, verse 29, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p54. 8. KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 1: 134, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p49. 9. SushrutaSamhita, Sutra Sthana, 10:3, p41. 2 0 . Ibid SushrutaSamhita, verse 29, p54. ChikitsaSthana, Chapter 7, 2 1 . Norman S, et. al (2008): Bailey & Loves? Short Practice of Surgery Part-1Chapter 9- Surgical Ethics. 25th ed.; International Students Edition, Edward Arnold; p120. KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 9: 6, First ed. (reprint). ChaukhambhaBharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p193. 2 2 . KavirajaAtrideva Gupta. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on AshtangaHridaya, ShariraSthana, Chapter 2, verse no. 26, 1 st ed. (reprint), ChaukhambhaPrakashan, Varanasi, 2010; p246 2 3 . AmbikadattaShastri, translator, Ayurvedatatvasandeepika Hindi commentary on Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 5, verse 10, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p24. 1 0 . KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 1: 124, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p48. 2 4 . ShailajaSrivastava. Hindi Commentary on Astanga Samgraha, Part I, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 2 verse 2 6 , 1 st e d . C h a u k h a m b h a O r i e n t a l i a , V a r a n a s i , 2 0 0 6 ; p 3 4 . 1 1 . KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 9: 18, First ed. (reprint). ChaukhambhaBharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p197. 2 5 . K. Shastri and G. N. Chaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita,Part 1, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 10 verse no. 5, 1st ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p201. 1 2 . KashinathShastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 9: 19, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p197. 2 6 . AmbikadattaShastri, translator, sandeepika Hindi commentary on Ayurvedatatva SushrutaSamhita, 95 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 8, verse 33, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p60. 2 7 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 8; p86-87. ChikitsaSthana, Chapter 14, 2 8 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 39; p98. ChikitsaSthana, Chapter 16, 3 3 . Ibid: verse ChikitsaSthana, SushrutaSamhita, 29; p54. Chapter Chapter CharakSamhita, 44; p207. 5 3 6 . Ibid: Charak Samhita, ChikitsaSthana, verse 184-190; p410-411. Chapter 13 3 7 . Ibid: verse Chapter 11 CharakSamhita, Sutra 51, 52; p237-238. Sthana, Sthana, Chapter 24, 5, Sutra Sthana, ShariraSthana, Chapter 8 Chapter 9, Chapter 5, 5 0 . Ambikadatta Shastri translator, Ayurvedatatva sandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, ShariraSthana, 5: 61, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p66. 7, Chapter Chapter CharakSamhita, VimanaSthana, 27-65; p749-763. 4 9 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 60, 61; p66. 25, ChikitsaSthana, SushrutaSamhita, 41; p27. 4 8 . Ibid: Sushruta Samhita, all verse; p40-41. 5 1 . K. Shastri and G. N. Chaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part II, Siddhi Sthana, Ch.12 verse no. 41-48, 1 st ed. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p1118. 3 4 . Ambikadatta Shastri, translator, Ayurvedatatva sandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Ch.1,verse 6-7,2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p5. 3 5 . Ibid: verse Sutra 4 7 . Ibid: verse 3 1 . AmbikadattaShastri, translator, Ayurvedatatva sandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 25, verse 30, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p136. Sthana, 4 4 . Ibid: verse Sthana, 4 6 . Kashinath Shastri and GorakhaNathaChaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, 1: 134, First ed. (reprint). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p49. 3 0 . LakshmipatiShastri, Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on YogRatnakara, Chapter 1 Shloka 13, Edited by Braham Shankar Shastri. Ist ed. (reprint), Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, 2010; p2 Sutra Sutra 4 5 . K. Shastri and G. NathaChaturvedi. Elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Ch.1 verse 134, 1 st ed. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p49. 2 9 . K. Shastri and G. N. Chaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part 1, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 10 verse 7,8, 1st ed. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p203. 3 2 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 42; p138. 4 3 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 3; p126. 5 2 . Ibid: Sushruta Samhita, Uttar Tantra, Chapter 65, all verses; p627-640. 5 3 . Premvati Tewari. Medical Ethics in Ayurveda. Ch.4, 1st ed. ChaukhambhaVishvabharati, Varanasi, 2012; p83. 5 4 . AmbikadattaShastri, translator, Ayurvedatatva sandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, SutraSthana, Ch.25, verse 43-44, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p138. 3 8 . Satyapala B.. Hindi Translation on Kashyap Samhita, VimanaSthana, Chapter 1-Shishyop kramniya Adhyaya, verse no. 8, 1st ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2010, p60-61. 5 5 . AmbikadattaShastri translator, Ayurvedatatva sandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 10, verse 3, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p41. 3 9 . K. Shastri and G. N. Chaturvedi. Elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part I, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 25 verse no. 40, 1st ed. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p469. 5 6 . Ibid: CharakSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 9 verse 26; p199. 4 0 . Ibid: CharakSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 9 verse 6- 9; p193-195. 5 7 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 3; p41. 4 1 . Ambikadatta Shastri, Ayurvedatatvasandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Ch.8, verse no. 20, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p39. 5 8 . Priyavrat Sharma. Editor and Translator of Charak Samhita, Volume I, ShariraSthana, Chapter 1 verse 94, 1 st edition (reprint). ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, 2011; p405. 4 2 . Ibid: SushrutaSamhita, verse 9; p92. 5 9 . K. Shastri and G. N. Chaturvedi. Elaborated Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, ChikitsaSthana, Chapter 15, Sutra Sthana, 96 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Chapter 10, Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Part I, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 1 verse no. 133, 1 st ed. ChaukhambhaBharati Academy, Varanasi, 2009; p49. 6 2 . AmbikadattaShastri translator, Ayurvedatatva sandeepika Hindi commentary on SushrutaSamhita, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 10, verse 9, 2nd ed. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi, 2012; p45. 6 0 . K. Shastri and G. N. Chaturvedi. Vidyotini Hindi Commentary on CharakSamhita, Part II, Chikitsa Sthana, Ch.1(4) verse no. 59, 1 st ed. Chaukhambha BharatiAcademy, Varanasi, 2009; p63. 6 3 . Shailaja Srivastava. Hindi Commentary on Astanga Samgraha, Part I, Sutra Sthana, Ch. 2 verse 17, 1 st ed. Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi,2006; p32 6 1 . ShailajaSrivastava. Hindi Commentary on Astanga Samgraha, Part I, Sutra Sthana, Chapter 2 verse 24, 1 st ed. ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, 2006; p33 6 4 . ShailajaSrivastava. Hindi Commentary on Astanga Samgraha, Part I, Sutra Sthana, Ch.2 verse 15, 1 st ed. ChaukhambhaOrientalia,Varanasi, 2006; p31 Literary Review Review of Manahshila In Ancient Literatures *Parween Bano, **Pralay Kumar Sahu, ***Prof. K Shankar Rao Abstract Various metals and minerals have been illustrated with their uses in Vedic period but has not mentioned Manahshila any of those texts. Although therapeutic use of Manahshila has been found from the Samhita Period, but there is no pharmaceutical description. Pharmaceutical & therapeutic description of Manahshila has been found in the different classical text of Rasa Shastra. In this review article we have tried to compile inclusive description of Manahsila in Samhita as well as literatures of Rasa Shastra. Key words – Manahshila, Samhita, therapeutic, Pharmaceutical, Rasa Shastra. ‚Ê⁄Ê¢‡Ê ﬂÒÁº∑§ ª˝ãÕÊ¥ ◊¥ ÁﬂÁ÷ãŸ œÊÃÈ ∞ﬂ¥ ©¬œÊÃÈ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸¸Ÿ „Ò, ¬⁄ãÃÈ ◊Ÿ—Á‡Ê‹Ê ∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸¸Ÿ Ÿ„Ë Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò– ÿlÁ¬ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ ◊Ÿ—Á‡Ê‹Ê ∑§Ê ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§Ê ©Ñπ „Ò, ¬⁄ãÃÈ ß‚∑§ ÷º, ‡ÊÙœŸ, ◊Ê⁄áÊ, •ÊÒ·œ ÁŸ◊Ê¸áÊ •ÊÁº ∑§Ê ∑§Ùß¸ S¬c≈ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ¬˝Ê# Ÿ„Ë „ÙÃÊ „Ò– ◊Ÿ—Á‡Ê‹Ê ∑§Ê ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ◊¢ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§ ‚ÊÕ •ÊÒ·œ ÁŸ◊Ê¸áÊ ÁﬂôÊÊŸ ∑§Ê ÁﬂSÃÎÃ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ⁄‚ ‡ÊÊÊSòÊ ∑§ ª˝ãÕÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝Ê# „ÙÃÊ „Ò– ¬˝SÃÈÃ ‹π ◊¥ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ÃÕÊ ⁄‚ ‡ÊÊSòÊ ∑§ ª˝ãÕÊ¥ ‚ ◊Ÿ—Á‡Ê‹Ê ∑§Ê ÁﬂSÃÎÃ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ∑§Ê ‚¢∑§‹Ÿ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿ% Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– *PG Scholar, **PG Scholar, ***Professor and H.O.D, Dept.of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, NIA, Jaipur 97 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Literary Review Review of Manahshila In Ancient Literatures Parween Bano, Pralay Kumar Sahu, Prof. K Shankar Rao Introduction: almost same. There are Varity of synonyms described in different literatures; some of these are given below with its possible explanation. Rasa Shastra is a new development in Ayurveda, as it is not mentioned in traditional eight specialties i.e. Ashtanga Ayurveda. This branch of Ayurveda which deals with the various pharmaceutical processes such as Shodhana, Marana, Jarana, Murchana, Satwapatana and description of metals, minerals etc and their therapeutic usage. In Rasa Shastra Manahshila has great importance, both in alchemical and therapeutic point of view. Manahshila is included in Uparasa and Upadhatu group by different authors. According to its accessible features, different types of Manahshila are also described in different texts. SynonymsManahshila ( found in stone form) Kunti13,14 (as facial paint in drama) Nepali (found abundantly in Nepal) Manohva (pleasant color) Roga shila15 Divya aushadhi, Karanji, Goni16 Laxami veerya 17 Manahshila in Ancient Literatures : Manogupta, , Nagajihvika, Gola, Shila18 During Samhita Period : Table No- 1: Types of ManahShila in various classics of Rasa Shastra. In the Samhita period the Literatures are mainly augmented with the therapeutic importance of Manahshila. But there are no description found regarding pharmaceutical processing. Therapeutic indication of Manahshila in diseases like Kustha, Kilasa1, Hikka, Swasa, Kasa,2, 3 Netrar oga, Vishama Jwar4, Kshataj Kasa5 in form of Churna, Lepa, Varti, Anjana and Dhumpana in different Samhitas. Types Reference (Text) 1 . Shayamangi R. Chu19, RRS20 2. Kanavirka 3. Khandakhya 1 . Shayama Manahshila in Rasa Literatures : RPSu21 2. Rakta Manahshila is described in almost all texts of Rasa Shastra in details. The Pharmaceutical process including Shodhana, Marana and Satwapatana, and other alchemical processing of the mineral are developed in Rasa literatures gradualy. Manahshila is mentioned in different groups by different Rasa texts like Upa Rasa 6,7,8 Upadhatu9 and Paradadi verga10.Regarding types of Manahsila most of the literature described three types but some experts have the opinion that it may be of two types. Artificial preparation of Manahshila also mention in text of Rasa11. Manahshila has some adverse or toxic effects like Ashmari, Mandagni, Mutrakruchchha, Malbaddha12 etc. which accept all most all the texts. Antidotes of adverse effect described in all texts 3. Khandika 1 . Shayamangi R.Cha22, A.P 23, 2. Kanavirka BRRSu24, R.S 25 3. Dvi Khanda 1 . Shayma RJN26 2. Kanviraka 3. Khandakhya 1 . Shayamangi R.P27 2. Kanaveerika 98 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Table No- 2: Best Varities of Manahshila according to Rasa Accharyas. Sr.No. Best varity Refernce 1 Khandakhya R. Chu28, RRS29, RJN30 2 Kanavirka R. Cha31 BRRSu32 A.P33 R. S34 3 Shyama RPSu35 Table No-3: Methods of Shodhana of Manahshila. Sr No Process Adopted 1. Mardana 2. Bhavana Drugs Required References Godugdha takra or beejapura rasa+ Jaya neera Y.T36 ,R.S37 Agastya Patra, Adraka, Bijora, Bhringraj, Lime water, Ajapitta, R.Chan 38, R. Chu39, RPSu40, RRS41, A.P 42, B R R Su 43, RJN44, Rm45, R. S46, R.Mi 47, R.T48 3. Nipatita Churna odaka R.T49 4. Pachana Ajamutra A.P 50 5. Pachana Bhavana Ajamutra 6. Pachana Bhavana Gomansa+ Lunga amla Shila tala vat draveta pushpa Rasa+ Pitta 7. Pachana & bhavana Ajamutra & Ajapitta BRRSu53 8. Swedana Jayantica drava or Ajmutra or Bhringraja Swarasa, Agastya or Adraka rasa, goats urine, R.Cha54, R. chu55, R.P BRRSu57, RJNi58 Table No-4: Ajapitta Sh.Sa Tripushpa Rakta, pita, 51 Rasarnava52 56 , Marana of Manahshila in different texts of Rasashastra. Sr. No Dravya required 1. Hartala like 2. Hanspadi+Bandal+ Vata+ ark+Snuhi dugdha 3. l Sudha churna+ water l Manhshila+ Swarjika kshar®Keep in Sudha churna Process Priciple Type of Agni No of Puta References - - - Rasayana sara59 Mardana - - 7 BRRSu60, R.S61 Bhavana - 1 kudava Gorvar agni - - SiBMM62 - - 5 prastha kando ki agni - 99 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Table No-5: Manahshila Sattavapatana mention in Rasa Classics. Sr No Dravya used 1. Gugglu+ Lohakitta+ Sarpi 2. l Kschar+Amla Ratio Yantra Used Time of Agni References 1/8 : 1: 1 Andhamusha - BRRSu63, R. S 64 1:1 - - R.Cha65 l Talvata Guna Karma of Manahshila: l In Lauha Dravana as Kalka for Lepa73 l In Hema Bija Praparation74 l In Kanchani Kkarana of Copper75 l In Preparation of Gold from Silver76 l In Kramana Samsakar of Parada77 acceptable varities are mentioned clearly in different texts. Artificial Manahshila preparation is also described in only one literature of Rasa Shastra. Regarding Shodhana few of classics have been described only one procedura like Bhavana, Mardana, Swedana etc. and some others classics described in in two different process like Pachana & Bhavana both (Table No-3). All texts are described same adverse effects and Antidote of its are same in all texts, except Rasayana Sara has little different opinion that Shadaguna Gandhakajarita Parada & Madhu for 7 day instead of Godugdha and Sarpi for 3 days. Marana of Manahshila did not mentioned in most of classics, only few texts described it, but they are also could not clearly stated about types of Putas and measurement of temperature etc. Appearently old classics are described Sattvapatana, but newer texts are not described about it. l In preparation of gold from copper78 Conclusion: l In Hema karana of copper, silver & Lead79 Manahshila is a very important mineral having therapeutic as well as alchemical superiority described in all most all literatures of Rasa Shastra. Although Its alchemical uses are described in different literatures vividly but now a days use of its not popular. Now the therapeutic use of it in different field of treatment like Jwar, Kustha, Kasa, Swasa, Netra Roga etc in form of Churna, Varti, Lepa, Anjana, Dhumapana etc. There are so many scopes for research in field of toxicity, clinical study etc. Guna- Guru, Snigdha66 Rasa- katu, tikta67 Veerya- Ushna68 Karma - Destroyer of V-K, Poison, Kandu, Kshaya, Agnimandya69, Jwar70, blood disorder71 and Excellent Rasayana, has an Ample of essence72. Use of Manahshila as Alchemi: Discussion: Manahshila has a wide range of therapeutic application and has been used since Samhita period to modern age of Rasashastra. Since from medieval period till the modern era literatures are enriched with the pharmaceutic and therapeutic description of it. With time and according to need of the society its alchemical uses are gradually decreases and therapeutic use became prominent. In modern era mostly it is used for medicinal purposes. There had not mention of any classification and types in Samhitas and Rasarnava regarding it. But further literatures of modern era mostly describe it under the Uparasa and Upadhatu group and divided it into three or two types (Table No-1). In SiBMM it is mentioned in Paradaadi verga. There are little controversy regarding the best varities of it (Table No-2). So many synonyms and features of its References: 1. Charaka, Charaka Samhita (Purvardha) Elaborated Hindi Commentry by Pt. Kashinatha Shastri & Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi, chp 3/11-12, Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Varansi, reprint 2008, pg 59. 2. Charaka, Charaka Samhita (Uttarardha) Elaborated Hindi Commentry by Pt. Kashinatha Shastri & Dr. Gorakha Nath Chaturvedi, chp 17/77, 145 & 18/69- 100 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 70, 18/71-72, 73-75, 1146-147,, Bharati Academy, Varansi, reprint 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Journal of Ayurveda pg Chaukhamba 2009. 1 5 . Sadanand Sharma, Rasa Tarangini, Prasadni Hindi Commentry by Sri Haridatta Shastri, tranga 11, sloka 104, Motilal Banarsi Dasa, Varansi, edition 11 th, pg 260. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Uttartantra, Edited with Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Hindy commentary by Kaviraj Ambikadutta Shastri, chp 50/19, 51/50, 52/23, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Sansthan, varansi, reprint 2011. 1 6 . Bhudeb Mookerjee, Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2, Sanskrit Text With English Translation, Chapter 2, Chaukhamba Publishers, Varansi, edition 3 rd , pg 196. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, Uttartantra, Edited with Ayurveda Tattva Sandipika, Hindy commentary by Kaviraj Ambikadutta Shastri, chp 39/263, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Sansthan, varansi, reprint 2011, pg 261. 1 7 . Krishnaram Bhatta, Siddha Bhesaja ‘Vaishwanara’ Hindi commentary R.Kaladhara Bhatta, guccha 2, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi. Vagbhatta, Astanga Hridayam, chikitsa 3/149-150, Nirmala hindy commentary by Dr.Brahmanand Tripathi, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi, reprint 2014, pg 604. 1 9 . Accharya Somdeva, Rasendra chudamani, Translated by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 11, sloka 54, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varansi, reprint edition 2013, pg 181. Upaddhayamadhava, Ayurveda Prakasha, Arthavidyotini & Arthaprakashini Sanskrit & Hindi Commentary by Vaidya Gulrajasharma Mishra, Addhya 2, sloka 1, Chaukhamba, Bharati, Academy, Varanasi, reprint 2014, pg 252. Bhudeb Mookerjee, Rasa Jala Nidhi, Sanskrit text with English translation, Chapter 1, vol 2, Chaukhamba Publishers, Varansi, edition 3 rd, pg 2. 9. Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhita, Maddhayama Khanda, Dipika & Gudharta Dipika, Sanskrita Commentries by Adhamala & Kashirama, Addhaya 11, sloka 53, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashana, Varanasi, edition 2006, pg 249. Mani Mala, by Sri Chaukhamba 1 8 . 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Upaddhayamadhava, Ayurveda Prakasha, Arthavidyotini & Arthaprakashini Sanskrit & Hindi Commentary by Vaidya Gulrajasharma Mishra, Addhya 2, sloka 217, Chaukhamba, Bharati, Academy, Varanasi, reprint 2014, pg 312. 3 4 . Rasendra Sambhava, Pt. Vishwanath ‘Vaidya’ sloka123, Krishnadas Academy, reprint 1997, pg111. 4 8 . Sadanand Sharma, Rasa Tarangini, Prasadni Hindi Commentry by Sri Haridatta Shastri, tranga 11, sloka 111, Motilal Banarsi Dasa, Varansi, edition 11 th , pg 262. Dwivedi Varansi, 4 9 . Sadanand Sharma, Rasa Tarangini, Prasadni Hindi Commentry by Sri Haridatta Shastri, tranga 11, sloka 109, Motilal Banarsi Dasa, Varansi, edition 11 th , pg 261. 5 0 . Upaddhayamadhava, Ayurveda Prakasha, Arthavidyotini & Arthaprakashini Sanskrit & Hindi Commentary by Vaidya Gulrajasharma Mishra, Addhya 2, sloka 221, Chaukhamba, Bharati, Academy, Varanasi, reprint 201, pg 313. 3 6 . Trimall Bhatta, Yoga Tarangini, Bhashatika by Dattaram Mathur, sloka 86, Chaukhamba Viddya Bhavana, Varansi, Reprint 2003, pg 68. Dwivedi Varansi, 5 1 . Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhita, Maddhayama Khanda, Sanskrita Commentries, Dipika & Gudharta Dipika by Adhamala & Kashirama, Addhaya 11, sloka 72, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashana, Varanasi, edition 2006, pg 251. 3 8 . Rasa chandanshu, Rasa Ratna Sangraha by Pro. Jyanedra Pande, sloka256, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, edition 1 st . 3 9 . Accharya Somdeva, Rasendra chudamani, translated by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 11, sloka 58, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varansi, reprint edition 2013, pg 182. 5 2 . Rasarnavam, edited with Rasachandrika, Hindy Commentry by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, patal 7, sloka 78, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Series Office, Varansi, Edition 5, pg 98. 4 0 . Accharya Yashodhar, Rasa Prakasha Sudhakar, Siddhiprada, Hindi Commentry by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 6, sloka 19, Chaukhambha, Orientalia, Varanasi, edition: reprint 2009, pg 117. 4 1 . Rasa Vag Bhatta, Rasa Ratna Samuccaya, Dwivedi Varansi, 4 7 . Tryambak Nath Sharma, Rasa Mitra, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Series Office, Varansi, reprint 2001,pg92. 3 5 . Accharya Yashodhara, Rasa Prakasha Sudhakar, Siddhiprada, Hindi Commentry by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 6, sloka 18, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, edition: reprint 2009, pg 116. 3 7 . Rasendra Sambhava, Pt. Vishwanath ‘Vaidya’ sloka127, Krishnadas Academy, rprint 1997, pg111. by Dr. sloka 12, Varanasi, 5 3 . Brihad Rasa Raja Sunder (Incomplete Rasa Grantha), Hindy Commentry by Pt. Dattaram Chaube, chaukhamba Orientelia, Varansi, edition 3 rd, 2000, pg 171. Vol-1, 102 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda 5 4 . Rasa chandanshu, Rasa Ratna Sangraha by Pro. Jyanedra Pande, sloka 257, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, edition 1 st . 6 8 . Rasa chandanshu, Rasa Ratna Sangraha by Pro. Jyanedra Pande, sloka 259, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, edition 1 st . 5 5 . Accharya Somdeva, Rasendra chudamani, Translated by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 11, sloka 54, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varansi, reprint edition 2013, pg 181. 6 9 . Rasa Vag Bhatta, Rasa Ratna Samuccaya, Vijanabodhini, Vol-1, Hindi Commentry by Prof. Dattatrey Anant Kulkarni, Adhhaya 3, sloka 91, Meharchand Lachhmandas Publications, New Delhi, reprint 2010, pg57. 5 6 . Accharya Bindu, Rasa Paddhati, Siddhiprada, Hindy Commentry by Dr.Siddhinandan Mishra, sloka 87, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varansi, reprint edition 2013, pg115. 7 0 . Yadav Ji Tikram Ji Accharya, Rasa Amritam, Hindy Commentry by Dr. Devanatha Singh Gautam, Addhaya 4, sloka 13, Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashana, Varanasi, Edition 2014, pg75. 5 7 . Brihad Rasa Raja Sunder (Incomplete Rasa Grantha), Hindy Commentry by Pt. Dattaram Chaube, Chaukhamba Orientelia, Varansi, edition 3 rd, 2000, pg 171. 7 1 . Krishnaram Bhatta, Siddha Bhesaja Mani Mala, ‘Vaishwanara’ Hindi commentary by Sri R.Kaladhara Bhatta, guccha 2, sloka 296, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi. 5 8 . Bhudeb Mookerjee, Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2, Sanskrit Text With English Translation, Chapter 2, Chaukhamba Publishers, Varansi, edition 3 rd , pg 199. 7 2 . Bhudeb Mookerjee, Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 2, Sanskrit Text With English Translation, Chapter 2, Chaukhamba Publishers, Varansi, pg 197, edition 3 rd, pg 5 9 . Pt. Shayamsundaracharya Vaishya, Rasayan Sara, vol 1st, sloka 387, Krishnadas Akademy, Varansi, edition 6 th ,pg 319. 7 3 . Rasarnavam, Edited with Rasachandrika, Hindy Commentry by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, patal 7, sloka 126-128, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varansi, pg 106. 6 0 . Brihad Rasa Raja Sunder (Incomplete Rasa Grantha), Hindy Commentry by Pt. Dattaram Chaube, Chaukhamba Orientelia, Varansi,edition 3 rd, 2000, pg 171. 6 1 . Pt. Vishwanath Dwivedi ‘Vaidya’ sambhava, sloka 128, Krishnadas Varansi, reprint 1997, pg111. 7 4 . Rasarnavam, Edited with Rasachandrika, Hindy Commentry by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, patal 8, sloka 58, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Series Office, Varansi, pg 120. Rasendra Academy, 7 5 . Rasarnavam, Edited with Rasachandrika, Hindy Commentry by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, patal 16, sloka 64-66, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Series Office, Varansi, pg 291. 6 2 . Krishnaram Bhatta, Siddha Bhesaja Mani Mala, ‘Vaishwanara’ Hindi commentary by Sri R.Kaladhara Bhatta, guccha 2, sloka 72, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi. 7 6 . Rasarnavam, Edited with Rasachandrika, Hindy Commentry by Dr. Indradeo Tripathi, patal 16, sloka 69-73, Chaukhamba, Sanskrit Series Office, Varansi, pg 291-292. 6 3 . Brihad Rasa Raja Sunder (Incomplete Rasa Grantha), Hindy Commentry by Pt. Dattaram Chaube, chaukhamba Orientelia, Varansi, edition 3 rd, 2000, pg 171. 7 7 . Upaddhayamadhava, Ayurveda Prakasha, Arthavidyotini & Arthaprakashini Sanskrit & Hindi Commentary by Vaidya Gulrajasharma Mishra, Addhya 1, sloka 312, Chaukhamba, Bharati, Academy, Varanasi, reprint 2014, pg 160. 6 4 . Pt. Vishwanath Dwivedi ‘Vaidya’ Rasendra sambhava, sloka129, Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, reprint 1997, pg112. 6 5 . Rasa chandanshu, Rasa Ratna Sangraha by Pro. Jyanedra Pande, sloka260, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Academy, Varansi, edition 1 st . 7 8 . Upaddhayamadhava, Ayurveda Prakasha, Arthavidyotini & Arthaprakashini Sanskrit & Hindi Commentary by Vaidya Gulrajasharma Mishra, Addhya 1, sloka 320, Chaukhamba, Bharati, Academy, Varanasi, reprint 2014, pg 162. 6 6 . Accharya Yashodhar, Rasa Prakasha Sudhakar, Siddhiprada, Hindi Commentry by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 6, sloka 18, Chaukhambha, Orientalia, Varanasi, edition: reprint 2009, pg 116. 7 9 . Accharya Yashodhar, Rasa Prakasha Sudhakar, Siddhiprada, Hindi Commentry by Dr. Siddhinandan Mishra, Addhaya 11, sloka 2-4, Chaukhambha, Orientalia, Varanasi, edition: reprint 2009, pg 247. 6 7 . Upaddhayamadhava, Ayurveda Prakasha, Arthavidyotini & Arthaprakashini Sanskrit & Hindi Commentary by Vaidya Gulrajasharma Mishra, Addhya 2, sloka 218, Chaukhamba, Bharati, Academy, Varanasi, reprint 2014, pg 313. 103 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Literary Review Critical Analysis of Vyadhi Vargikaran of Caraka, Sushruta And Vagbhatta (literary research) *Dr. Jeuti Rani Das, **Dr. Sisir Kumar Mandal, ***Dr. Surendra Kumar Sharma Abstract: Vyadhi vargikaran is not an easy task. Though there are no specific chapter has been mentioned for classification of the disease in the text, more over it is mentioned as scattered manner to maintain the proper logic thorough out the texts. Acharya caraka, sushruta and vagbhatta has given different classification according to their need. So analysis of their classification gives their proper reason. They classified the disease according to their time period. Addition of new diseases due to time course create new classification. But their aim of classification was same, means for proper diagnosis and treatment. Key words: vyadhi vargikaran ‚Ê⁄UÊ¥‡Ê√ÿÊÁœ ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ ∞∑§ •Ê‚ÊŸ ∑§Êÿ¸ Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò– •ÊÒ⁄U ß‚∑§ ∑§Êß¸ Áﬂ‡Ê· ‹ˇÊáÊ √ÿÊÁœ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ Á∑§‚Ë •äÿÊÿ ◊¥ Ÿ„Ë¥ ÁŒÿ ª∞ „Ò– •ÊÒ⁄U ÿ„ ÿŒÊ ∑§ŒÊ ∑§„Ë¥ ÿÈÁQ§ ‚¥ª˝„ ∑§ M§¬ ◊¥ Á◊‹Ã „Ò¥– •ÊøÊÿ¸ ø⁄U∑§ ‚ÈüÊÈÃ •ÊÒ⁄U ﬂÊÇ÷^ Ÿ ÁﬂÁ÷ÛÊ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ ◊¥ ß‚∑§Ê ©¬ÿÊª Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– ß‚Á‹∞ ß‚∑§ Áﬂ‡‹·áÊ ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ ‚êÿ∑˜§ M§¬ ‚ ÁŒÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– •ÊÒ⁄U •ÊøÊÿ¸ ‹ÊªÊ¥ Ÿ ß‚∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ •¬Ÿ ‚◊ÿ •ŸÈM§¬ ß‚∑§Ê ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò– ß‚Á‹∞ ‚◊ÿÊŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ∞∑§ ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ë •Êﬂ‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ „Ê ‚∑§ÃË „Ò– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ©Ÿ∑§Ê ◊ÈÅÿ ©g‡ÿ ﬂªË¸∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ Á‹∞ ‚◊ÊŸ M§¬ ‚ √ÿÊÁœ ∑§ ‹ˇÊáÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ◊¥ ©¬ÿÊª ∑§ Á‹∞ ¬˝SÃÈÃ ∑§⁄UŸÊ øÊÁ„∞– *PG Scholar, Department of Roga Evam Vikriti Vijanana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, **Assistant Prof. Department of Roga Evam Vikriti Vijanana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, ***Associate Prof. Department of Roga Evam Vikriti Vijanana, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan 104 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Literary Review Critical Analysis of Vyadhi Vargikaran of Caraka, Sushruta And Vagbhatta (literary research) Dr. Jeuti Rani Das, Dr. Sisir Kumar Mandal, Dr. Surendra Kumar Sharma classification, e.g. as he gives priority to shalyatantra so he classify the disease according to shastra sadhya and snehadikarmasadhya. Sushruta has also mentioned swabhavik vyadhi in addition to the nija, agantuja and manasika vyadhi. Again vagbhatta has added karmaja vyadhi, where the cause of disease is not pratyaksha, and some past sinful deed of the victim is responsible. Again sushruta and vagbhatta has mentioned about kshudra roga, which cannot be categorized under any heading of classification due to samanya hetu and treatment. Caraka and sushruta mentioned manashik vyadhi. Where the disease classification is based on hetu ashaya adhisthan and bhautik lakshana, there diagnosis of disease become easy and where disease classification based on prabhava bala anubandha, ama etc. seems its direction to the mode of management. They not only classify the disease, but also clarify reason behind it. Introduction: For a systematic approach for diagnosis and treatment it is very important to analyze the vyadhi vargikaran given by different acharyas. Though it is not simple but the classical ayurvedic texts feel its need. Mainly classification of disease fully based on for the purpose of its diagnosis as well as treatment. The treaties make different classification in different angle which ultimately make the treatment procedure more specific and simple. Vyadhi vargikaran is important because it provides a common language for monitoring diseases. This allows the school of ayurveda to diagnosis and treat in a consistent and standard way. It defines the diseases, disorders, injuries and other related health conditions. These entities are listed in a comprehensive way so that almost everything is covered. It organizes information into standard groupings of diseases. Aims and Objectives:- It can be the classification standard for all clinical and research purposes. These include monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of diseases. To analyze the vyadhivargikaran of caraka, sushruta and vagbhatta Materials and Methods The ultimate goal of the classification is treatment so they have mentioned that the treatment of those vyadhi which cannot be named, as per dosa, dushya and nidan. The sages classify the disease to some extent as far as possible. They classify the disease on the basis of nidan(~ cause) which may be internal (dosa) or external (agantuja), involving of dushya, different stages of roga, ashay, marg, its prabhav etc. After reviewing the order of classification by great trios it seems that in due course some new classification has been added with the older, perhaps it may be due to better understanding as well as some variation of the disease. The three acharyas has given different classification according to their principle of treatment and course of time. At first caraka gives classification, where sushruta adds some another This article is based on a review of ayurvedic texts. Materials related to vyadhi vargikaran, has been collected. The main ayurvedic texts used in this study are Caraka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Samgraha, Ashtanga Hridaya and available commentaries on these. Conceptual study: Acharya caraka has mentioned in maharogaadhyaya that vyadhi is only one type “rogattamekavidham bhavati ruksamanyat” 1, again he has mentioned in trisothiya chapter that vyadhi is innumerable according to its types of pain, colour, site of origin & involvement and character,2 so the first logic was metaphorical meaning of disease but the second one based on etiopathological concern of the disease. 105 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 According to caraka Classification of disese Name of adhyaya 1. Nija 2. Agantuja Maharogaadhyaya of caraka sutrasthan 1. Samanyaja 2. Nanatmaja Maharogaadhyaya of caraka sutrasthan 1. Vataja 2. Pittaja 3. Kaphaja 4. Agantuja Maharogaadhyaya of caraka sutrasthan 1. Santarpanotha 2. Apatarpanotha Santarpaniyaadhyaya of caraka sutrasthan 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. vividhasitpita adhyaya of caraka sutrasthan Rasapradosaja 2. Raktapradosaja Mamsapradosaja 4. Medojapradosaja asthipradosaja 6. Majjapradosaja sukrapradosaja 8. Indriyapradosaja snayusirapradosaja 10. Malapradosaja 1. Sakhasrita 2.marmasthisandhiasrita 3. kosthasrita Trisreishaniyaadhyaya of caraka sutrasthan 1. Agneya 2.saumya 3.vayavya Jwarnidan adhyaya of caraka nidansthan Roga of 1. Udakvahasrota 2. Annavahasrota 3.pranvahasrota 4. Rasavahasrota 5. Raktavaha 6. Mamsavahasrota 7. Medovahasrota 8. Asthivahasrota 9. Majjavahasrota 10. Sukravahasrota 11. Mutravahasrota 12. Purishvahasrota 13. Swedavahasrota srotasam viman adhyaya of caraka vimansthan 1. Anubandhaya 2. Anubandha Roganikvimanadhyaya of caraka vimansthan 1. Sadhya, 2. Asadhya Roganikvimanadhyaya of caraka vimansthan 1. Mridu, 2. Darun Roganikvimanadhyaya of caraka vimansthan 1. Manasik, 2. Sharirik Roganikvimanadhyaya of caraka vimansthan 1. Amasay, 2. Pakwasaya Roganikvimanadhyaya of caraka vimansthan 1. Sukhasadhya 2. Kricchasadhya 3.Yapya, 4. pratyakheya Mahachatuspadadhyaya of caraka sutrasthan According to sushruta: Classification of disease Name of adhyaya 1. Agantuja 2. Sharirik 3. Manasik 4.swabhavik Vedopattiadhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 1.adhyatmik 2.adhibhautic 3. adhidaivik Vyadhisamuddesiya adhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 1.adibala 2.janmabala 3.doshabala 4.kalabala 5. sanghatbala 6.daivabala 7.swabhavbala Vyadhisamuddesiya adhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 1. Shastrasadhya 2. snehadikriyasadhyaya Vyadhisamuddesiya adhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 1. Aupasargik 2. Prakebala 3. Anyalakshana aturupakramaniya adhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 106 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Acharya sushruta has given different classification under different branches of ayurveda. Though acharya sushruta was a shalya chikitsak but acharya has given different classification of other branches. In shalya chikitsa some examples are given below Classification of disease Name of adhyaya ksharadagdha-a. hinadagdha b.atidagdha Ksharpakvidhya adyaya of sushruta sutrasthan agnidagdha- a.plusta b.durdagdha c.atidagdha Agnikarmavidhya adhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 6 types of sopha roga Amapakwaesaniya adhyaya of sushruta sutrasthan 6 types of bran Arsha Arshanidan adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan Bhagandar Bhagandar adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan Ashmari Ashmari adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan Bhagna Bhagnanidan adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan Mudhagarbha mudhagarbhanidan adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan Vidradhi vidradhinidan adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan In shalakya chikitsa some examples are given below Classification of disease Name of adhyaya Mukhagata roga Mukharoganamnidan adhyaya of sushruta nidansthan netragataroga aupadravik adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Sirogataroga Sirorogavigyanadhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Nasagataroga Nasagatarogavigyanioupakram of sushruta uttarsthan Karnagata karnagatarogavigyaniam of sushruta uttarsthan In kaumarbhritya some examples are given below Classification of disease Name of adhyaya Graha roga Navagrahakritivigyanbarnan adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Yonivyapad Yonivyapat pratisedh upakram of sushruta uttarsthan In agadatantra : acharya keep the disease which occur by poison 107 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 In kayachikitsa some examples are given below Classification of disease Name of adhyaya Jwar Jwarpratisedhupakramvarnan of sushruta uttarsthan Atisar Atisarpratisedhvarnam of sushruta uttarsthan Sosh Soshpratisedhupakram of sushruta uttarsthan Gulma Shool Gulmapratisedhupakram of sushruta uttarsthan Hridroga Hridrogapratisedhupakram of sushruta uttarsthan Pandu Pandurogapratisedhupakram of sushruta uttarsthan Raktapitta Raktapittapratisedhbarnan of sushruta uttarsthan Murcha Murchapratisedhbarnan of sushruta uttarsthan Madatyaya Panatyayapratisedhbarnan of sushruta uttarsthan Trishna Trishnapratisedha adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Chardi Chardiapratisedha adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Hikka Hikkapratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Swas Swaspratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Kash Kashpratisedha adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Swarbheda Swarpratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Krimiroga Krimirogapratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Udavarta Udavartapratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Amadoshajanita vikar Vichusikapratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Arochak Arochakpratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Mutraghat Mutraghatpratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Mutrakriccha Mutrakicchapratisedhabarnam adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Other classification some examples are given below Classification of disease Name of adhyaya Ksudra roga -44 types swabhavikroganidan adhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Under bhutavidya some ex]amples are given below Classification of disease Name of adhyaya Unmad Unmadpratisedhbarnanadhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan Apasmar Apasmarpratisedhbarnanadhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan According to name of pichas amanushupasargapratisedhbarnanadhyaya of sushruta uttarsthan 108 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda According to Vagbhatta Classification of disease Name of adhyaya 1. Swatantra Doshbhediya adhyaya of astanga hridaya sutrasthan 1. Purvaja 2. Paratantra 2. Pachaja Doshbhediya adhyaya of astanga hridaya sutrasthan 1. Dosaja 2. Karmaja 3. Dosakarmaja Doshbhediya adhyaya of astanga hridaya sutrasthan 1. Sama 2. Niram Doshbhupakramaniya adhyaya of astanga hridaya sutrasthan 1.Pratyutparnakarmaja 2.Purvakarmajjasha Rogbhediyam adhyaya of astanga sangraha sutrasthan 1. Pratyutparnakarmaja 2. Daivakarmaja 3. Parakritakarmaja Rogbhediyam adhyaya of astanga sangraha sutrasthan 1.vataja 2.pittaja 3.kaphaja 4.vatajpittaja 5.vatajakaphaja 6.pittajakaphaja 7.sannipataja Rogbhediyam adhyaya of astanga sangraha sutrasthan 1.Garbhaja 2. Jataja 3. Pidaja 4.kalaja 5 .sahaja 6.prabhabaja 7.swabhabaja Rogbhediyam adhyaya of astanga sangraha sutrasthan maharogaadhyaya it is said that disease is of 4 types which nature is under the heading nija and agantuja.6 All the disease is come under the heading manashik and sharirik as per the location of the disease which is mentioned in roganik vimanadhyaya.7 Acharya not mention the chapter of manasik vyadhi separately, but the cause of manasik vyadhi mention scattered manner. The vyadhi under manasik vyadhi also not mention in one chapter only e.g. unmad, apasmar etc. Again these roga are classified under the heading santarpanotha apatarpanotha which occur after the affect of sadupakrama(~6 types of therpy), where some treatment are given which may be due to more santarpan and more apatarpan. 8 Acharya classified the disease according to involvement of dhatu, by different vitiated dosha 9 because without involvement of dhatu there is no disease, again classified the disease according to the involvement srota.10 For treatment and to know the sadhyta and asadhyata there should be the knowledge of marga, i.e. the acharya classify the disease according to involvement of marga. 11 To diagnose that which dosha is involved, classify the disease according to ashaya because in amasayasamutha vyadhi there is involvement of pitta and kapha and in pakwasaya samutha vyadhi there is involvement of vata.12 Again all the disease The diseases described by vagbhatta covered by above mention classification. Discussion : It is mention in introduction that how much important is the classification of disease for a systematic approach for giving treatment. Its necessity is feel by our acharya thousands of years back. Their classification was so scientific that there is no question to revised it. In every classification of disease they have given proper logic. There is difference between the classification of caraka, sushruta and vagbhatta. Caraka classify the disease according to kayachikitsa, sushruta as a shalya chikitsak, classify the disease according to shalya chikitsa. Vagbhatta also classify the disease according to kayachikitsa and shalya chikitsa but there is some difference between caraka, sushruta and vagbhatta. Caraka classify the disease nija and agantuja in 19th chapter which is again classified under nimittaja roga in roganikvimanadhyaya, 3 where nija roga are those which occur due to dhatu vaisamya at first and in agantuja, roga occurs at first 4 , these nija roga are again classified as samanyaja and nanatmaja vyadhi, these samanyaja roga occur due to any one of the dosha , and nanatmaja roga occur due to specific dosha. 5 In 109 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 is classified according to curability, which is under the heading prabhava as sadhya and asadhya , 13 again both the types as mridu and darun as per bala of the disease.14 ultimately comes under agantuja roga. Acharya has classified the disease of kayachikitsa in uttaratantra, the disease of which come under sharirika, agantuja and swabhavika. In bhutavidya the disease unmad, apasmar etc. come which classification is very important according to the treatment. Acharya classify the disease ksudra roga which cover the disease under the following points- 1. which are small disease included under kshudra roga, 2. Which cannot be included in any classification, 3. Which are not described according to dosha and dushya. 4. Which hetu, lakshana and chikitsa is very simple.24 Acharya sushruta has described broadly that disease is of 4 types in vedoutpatti adhyaya. 15 Though caraka also mention the disease agantuja, sharirik, sushruta add the 4 th one swabhavika. Swabhavika are those which occur in every person, like hunger, thirst, sleep, and old age .16 Because these fulfill the definition of vyadhi. During the period of acharya sushruta the surgery part of treatment developed so, acharya classify the disease according to shastra sadhya and snehadikriya sadhya. 17 Though it is shalaytantra pradhan , in sutrasthan 24th chapter acharya described the classification of disease so scientifically that all disease of the world come under these heading “ atra sarva vyadhyavarodh.” 18 These at first come under 3 division, 19 again these 3 divison is under 7 subheading. 20 To avoid confusion during the treatment, and to select the actual disease acharya classify the 3 types of disease- aupasargik, prakevala, anyalakshana.21 Besides mentioning the disease under the above mention heading he further classify the disease , these are mentioned in sutrasthan, nidansthan, sharirsthan, kalpasthan and in uttarasthan in different context. The disease under shalakya he has given different classification, about mukharoga he mentioned in nidansthan 16 th chapter, and about netraroga, karnaroga, nasaroga, siroroga in uttaratantra he has given a beautiful classification through which one physician can diagnose a disease very easily and can give proper treatment, can avoid it if it is asadhya and can save his fame. The disease under shalya also described in different sthan , he classify also the disease which occur as a complication of kshara karma, agnikarma etc. the disease which are under the classification of shalyatantra are almost agantuja. Under kaumarbhritya he cover the classification of disease of children and gynaecological problem. 22 Mudhagarbha also a gynaecological problem but its chikitsa is under surgery so it is under the classification of shalya. In kaumarbhritya acharya has included the graharoga which is 9 types.23 It is classified separately because its treatment and cause is different from adult disease. The disease under toxicology is classified in kalpasthan which is Acharya vagbhatta has classifed the disease in above mention heading. His classification is somewhat different from the classification of acharya caraka and sushruta. Acarya vagbhatta mention at first the swatantra vyadhi which occur due to its own causative factor and paratantra are those which just opposite to swatantra. Paratantra are of 2 types purvaja(~prodormal sign) and pachaja (~complication). Vagbhatta has added some classification e.g. the disease which cannot be diagnosed, means which hetu is unknown that are grouped separately, the cause of those disease are deed of previous birth. The disease under dosaja include the disease which occur due to dosha, and the disease under karmaja cover those disease which are due to karma of previous birth. 25 And doshakarmaja include those which are due to both dosha and karma.26 Again acharya has classifed the disease according to the stage of the disease, he has very minutely observed the sama and nirama avastha,27 and classify the disease according to these. The disease which are under the classification vata, pitta, kapha, vatapitta, pittakapha, kaphavata and sannipataja, 28 all these can be included in dosaja vyadhi. The disease which are under heading 1 .sahaja 2.Garbhaja 3. Jataja 4. Pidaja 5.kalaja 6.prabhabaja 7.swabhabaja also cover all the disease, 29 which is helpful because of line of treatment, its sadhyata and asadhyata. The7 types of classification can be correlated with the 7 types of classification of sushruta like sahaja~ adibalapravritta, garbhaja~janmabalapravritta, jataja~doshabalapravritti, pidaja~ samghatbalapravritti, kalaja~kalabalapravritti, prabhabaja~ daivabalapravritti, swabhabaja~swabhavbalapravritti. Acharya vagbhatta also mention the swabhavik roga. Acharya keep those disease which 110 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda are swalpa(~means simple, not harmful), occur in lower part of body, krura means which are ksudra(~ easy to cure ).30 Conclusion : From the analysis it is seen that the classification of disease though not same by the acharya but all of them have scientific approach. It is seen that aim of classification of disease of all acharya was same, means, for proper treatment. All of them classify the disease according to their need. The vyadhi described by them were included in their classification. Because they classify the disease in such a way that it help to treat the disease, to diagnose the disease, to differentiate disease that it is curable or not. They include a single disease in different classification which is very unique, means according to dosha, dhatu, srota, ashaya, bala of disease, its sadhyata etc. these help a physician to go systematically to approach a disease. e.g. according to caraka udar roga is nija roga, samanyaja roga, sharirik roga, annavahasrota roga, kricchasadhya roga etc. Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Maharoga adhyaya : Chapter 20, Verse 3. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 112 2. Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Trisothiya adhyaya : Chapter 18, Verse 42. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 108 3. Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, VimanSthan : Rogavimanik adhyaya: Chapter 6, Verse 3. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 252 4. Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Maharoga adhyaya : Chapter 20, Verse 7. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013 p 113 5. Dwivedi Lakshmidhar, editor, (1st ed.). Commentary Ayurveddipika of Chakrapani on Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthan; Maharogadhyaya: Chapter 20, Verse 10. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 117, 2013, P 393 6. Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, VimanSthan : Rogavimanik adhyaya: Chapter 6, Verse 3. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p252 8. i)Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan:Santarpaniyam adhyaya : Chapter 23, Verse 6-7. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 122 ii) Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Santarpaniyam adhyaya : Chapter 23, Verse 27-29. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 123 9. Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Vividhasitapita adhyaya: Chapter 28, Verse 8. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013 p 179 1 0 . Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, VimanSthan : Srotoviman adhyaya : Chapter 5, Verse 6. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 250 1 1 . Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Trisreishaniyaadhyaya: Chapter 11, Verse 48. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 79 References: 1. 7. 1 2 . Dwivedi Lakshmidhar, editor, (1st ed.). Commentary Ayurveddipika of Chakrapani on Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutrasthan; Roganikviman adhyaya: Chapter 6, Verse 3. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurved series 117, 2013, p 834 1 3 . Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, VimanSthan : Rogavimanik adhyaya: Chapter 6, Verse 3. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 252 1 4 . Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, VimanSthan : Rogavimanik adhyaya: Chapter 6, Verse 3. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 252 1 5 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: vedoupatti adhyaya : Chapter 1, Verse32. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan, 2001, p 6 1 6 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: vedoupatti adhyaya : Chapter 1, Verse33. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan, 2001 p 6 1 7 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: Vydhisamuddesiya adhyaya : Chapter 24, Verse3. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan, 2001 p 100 Acharyaa Yadavji Trikamji, editor. Carak Samhita of Agnivesh, Sutra Sthan : Maharoga adhyaya : Chapter 20, Verse 3. Varanasi:Chowkhambha Surbharati Prakashan, 2013, p 112 111 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 2 9 . Dr.(Smt) Sailaja Srivastav, editor, (2 nd ed.). Ashtanga Samgraha of Vagbhata, Sutra Sthana; Rogabhediya nam adhyaya: Chapter 22, Verse 1016. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2006, p 367 1 8 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: Vydhisamuddesiya adhyaya : Chapter 24, Verse8. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan ,2001, p 101 1 9 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: Vydhisamuddesiya adhyaya : Chapter 24, Verse8. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan ,2001, p 101 3 0 . Acharyaa Jyotirmitra, editor, (2 nd ed.). Ashtanga Samgraha of Vagbhata, Uttartantra; Swabhavikrogavigyaniaym adhyaya: Chapter 36, Verse 1. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2008 p813. 2 0 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: Vydhisamuddesiya adhyaya : Chapter 24, Verse8. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan ,2002 p 101 2 1 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Sutrasthan: aturupakramaniya adhyaya : Chapter 24, Verse8. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan ,2001 p 101 2 2 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Uttartantra: Doshabhedvikalpiya adhyaya : Chapter 66, Verse8. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan, 2012, p 520 2 3 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Uttartantra: Graharoga adhyaya : Chapter 27, Verse5. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan ,2012, p 142 2 4 . Kaviraj Ambikaduttashastri, editor. Susruta Samhita of Susruta, Uttartantra: Doshabhedvikalpiya adhyaya : Chapter 66, Verse8. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrita Samsthan ,2012, p 513 2 5 . Vaidya Sri Lalchandra, editor, (4 th ed.). Ashtanga Hridaya of Vagbhata, Sutra Sthana; Doshadivijnaniya adhyaya: Chapter 12, Verse 59. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas Publisher Private Ltd, 1999, p 105 2 6 . Vaidya Sri Lalchandra, editor, (4 th ed.). Ashtanga Hridaya of Vagbhata, Sutra Sthana; Doshadivijnaniya adhyaya: Chapter 12, Verse 59. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas Publisher Private Ltd, 1999, p 105 2 7 . Vaidya Sri Lalchandra, editor, (4 th ed.). Ashtanga Hridaya of Vagbhata, Sutra Sthana; Doshaupakramaniyaadhyaya adhyaya: Chapter 13, Verse 24. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas Publisher Private Ltd, 1999, p 111 2 8 . Dr.(Smt) Sailaja Srivastav, editor, (1 st ed.). Ashtanga Samgraha of Vagbhata, Sutra Sthana; Rogabhediya nam adhyaya: Chapter 22, Verse. Varanasi: Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2006, p 369 112 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Literary Review A comprehensive review on Shalmali (Bombax ceiba Linn.) *Sankar Jyoti Das, **Sumit Nathani, ***Richa Khandelwal Abstract : Ayurveda is the science of life. It is the most ancient documented medical system of the world. Ayurveda describes four basic factors, which are most essential for advocating the proper treatment, which is the main source of therapeutics. Among these, Ausadha (Bhaishajya) is graded at second rank. Acharya Charak has asserted that each substance on this earth is useful in combating illness when applied with planning and for a specific purpose. Plant, animal, mineral are the basic source of medicine in Ayurveda, out of which plant has the commanding role in field of therapeutics. The word ‘Drug’ is rightly chosen for this; as it is derived from the French word ‘Drouge’ meaning of which is dry herb. Shalmali is a very important medicinal plant mentioned and used in almost all the Ayurvedic classics in different clinical conditions. Each and every part of this tree has its own medicinal value. Present paper aims to review the herb in comprehensive manner and bring forth its concealed qualities. Key words : Shalmali, Bombax ceiba Linn. ‚Ê⁄Ê¢‡Ê•ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ∞∑§ ‚¢¬ÍáÊ¸ ÁﬂôÊÊŸ „Ò– •àÿãÃ ¬˝ÊøËŸ ∑§Ê∂ ‚ ¬˝øÁ∂Ã ∞¢ﬂ ¬˝‚ÊÁ⁄Ã ß‚ ÁﬂôÊÊŸ ∑§Ù •Ê¡ ‚¢¬ÍáÊ¸ ‚¢‚Ê⁄ ◊¥ ◊ÊãÿÃÊ ¬˝Ê# „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ºËÿ ‚¢Á„ÃÊ•Ù¥ ◊¥ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ ◊ÈÅÿ äÿÿ ∑§Ù ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§ Á∂∞ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑§ øÃÈc¬ÊºÙ¥ ∑§Ë ªáÊŸÊ ∑§Ë ªß¸ „Ò– ßŸ◊¥ ÷·¡ ∑§Ù ÁmÃËÿ R§◊ ◊¥ ⁄πÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ‚¢‚Ê⁄ ∑§ ‚÷Ë Œ˝√ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑§Ê ÁﬂœÊŸ „Ò– ◊ÈÅÿ M§¬ ‚ ÁøÁ∑§à‚ÊÕ¸ ﬂÊŸS¬ÁÃ∑§, ¡Êãàﬂ ∞ﬂ¢ ∑§ÊÒÁ◊∑§ Œ˝√ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÙª ’„ÈÃÊÿÃ ◊¥ Á◊∂Ÿ ﬂÊ∂Ê •ÊÿÈﬂ¸ºËÿ ¬Êº¬ „Ò– ß‚∑§Ê ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ‚÷Ë ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ª˝¢ãÕÙ¥ ∞ﬂ¢ ÁŸÉÊá≈È•Ù¥ ◊¥ ©¬∂éœ „Ò– ß‚ ’„È©¬ÿÙªË ﬂŸS¬ÁÃ ∑§Ê ÁﬂSÃÊ⁄ ‚ •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄ ‚¢∑§∂Ÿ ¬˝SÃÈÃ „Ò– *Medical officer, Assam govt State services, **Assistant professor. Deptt. of Dravya Guna Vigyan, N.I.A., ***P.G. scholar, Deptt. of Dravya Guna Vigyan, N.I.A. Corresponding author: sumitnathani2@rediff.com 113 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Literary Review A comprehensive review on Shalmali (Bombax ceiba Linn.) Sankar Jyoti Das, Sumit Nathani, Richa Khandelwal Introduction chariot during marriage rituals. Its fruit is considered as poisonous but the tree is described as best among the tree. Ayurveda is a comprehensive treatise on the science of life. It is the first and foremost system of medicine in the world. Ayurveda describes four basic factors, which are most essential for advocating the proper treatment, which is the main source of therapeutics. Among these, Ausadha (Bhaishajya) is graded at second rank. Acharya Charak has asserted that each substance on this earth is useful in combating illness when applied with planning and for a specific purpose. Samhita Kala Charak Samhita: Shalmali is described in Charak Samhita and widely used in various therapeutic purposes. Shalmali is included in Pureesh virajaneeya Mahakashaya (Correctives of fecal pigment) in Charak Samhita. Plant, animal, mineral are the basic source of medicine in Ayurveda, out of which plant has the commanding role in field of therapeutics. The word ‘Drug’ is rightly chosen for this; as it is derived from the French word ‘Drouge’ meaning of which is dry herb. Flowers of Shalmali is mentioned in Annapan Vidhi Adhyaya under the heading of Saka vargaand said to be beneficial in Raktapitta. In addition to that it used as stool binder. The gummy extraction of Shalmali, popularly known as Mochrasa posses’ has multi – dimensional therapeutic value. Various references are found in this regard in the Brihatraye Granthas. For example, Mochrasa is included in Sandhaniya Mahakashaya (Union promoters). Kashaya guna present in it is responsible for unification of separate dhatwavava due to its contractibility. Shalmali is a very important medicinal plant mentioned and used in almost all the Ayurvedic classics in different clinical conditions. Here an attempt has been made to compile and put forward the complete knowledge on shalmali that is scattered in ancient ayurvedic texts. Historical Background Mochrasa is again included in Purish Sangrahaneeya Mahakashaya (Intestinal astringent), Shonitasthapana Mahakashaya (Haemostatics) and also in Vedanasthapana Mahakashaya (Anodynes). Apart from this Shalmali is included in Kashayaskandha in Charak Samhita. Vedic Kala Shalmali was known from the Vedic period. In Rigveda, Shalmali was described as one of the Shaktis of Vishnu. Shalmali is one of the seven dvipas or great divisions of the known continent. Shalmali tree is said to grow there. It is surrounded by the ghee or clarified water. It is also mentioned in the Rigveda that Shalmali is used to prepare a Some important yog (composition) of Shalmali along with specific indications mentioned in the Charak Samhita are as follows : Sl. No. Parts used Name of the formulation Indication Reference 1. Both the Mocharas and bark of Shalmali Chandanadi taila Dah and Jwar Ch. Ci. 3/258 2. Flower of Smhalali Changeri Ghrita Arsha, Atisara, Tridosha Raktasrava, Pravahika, Gudabhrangsa Ch.Ci. 14/236 114 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda 3. Mocharas (Milk as anupan) Neelotpaladi Yog 4. Mocharas Urustambha nasak Yog Urusthambha Ch. Ci. 27/29 5. Bark of Shalmali Udumbaradi Taila Yonivyapada Chikitsa Ch.Ci. 30/73-75 6.. Mocharas Pushyanug Churna Yonidosha and Rajadosha Chikitsa Ch. Ci. 30/91 Apart from these Shalmali commendable result in the diseases: Raktatisar has got following Ch.Ci. 19/77 Shalmali churna is used in Kritavedhan vidhi (Indicated in Kustha roga, Pandu roga, Pleehavriddhi, Shotharoga and Gulma roga). Juice prepared from Shalmali and other Raktapitta nashak leafy vegetables which has been mentioned in Shakavarga in the Sutrasthan 27th chapter of Charak Samhita is useful in Raktapitta. Sushruta Samhita: Shalmali is mentioned in the 46th chapter (Annapanvidhiradhyaya) under the heading of Shakavarga (group of vegetables). According to Sushruta, it is astringent, sweet and bitter in taste. It is useful in Raktapitta, pacify Kapha, increases Vata and are checking (Grahi) and light. Powder Shalmali flower along with Khair, Priyunga and Kovidar is indicated for Raktapitta and Madhu is used as anupan here. If juice of Shalmali bark and Gajar (Carrot) is mixed with Dahimalai in proper way and used for the patient suffering from bleeding piles (Raktarsha) gives better result. Shalmali is also included in the Puspashakani sub-group (Flowery Vegetables of the same chapter), where flower of Shalmali is said to be sweet(Madhur) in taste and Vipak is also Madhur and are useful in instrinsic haemorrhage. Flower of Shalmali and Mochrasa along with other ingredients are used in Picchabasti, which has the indication in Pravahika, Gudabhransha, Raktatisara and Jwar. Mocharasa is used in five different type of Grahani nashak Yavagu along with Chavya, Dalchini etc., which is used for the treatment of Atisara, Grahani, Gulma, Arsha and also in Pleehavriddhi. Mocharasa is mentioned in Samhita under the 38th (Dravyasangrahaniya Adhyaya). Sushruta chapter Shalmali (Flower and fruit) is included in Mahasugandhinamak Agad along with other dravya in Kalpasthan chapter 6th which has got beautiful fragrance. Kalka made by the bark of Shalmali with equal quantity of Balamool and Vatapatra if used in Vrana avapeedan, it produces excellent result. Some prominent yog (composition) along with its indication as mentioned in Sushruta Samhita is as follows: Sl. No. Parts used Name of the Yog Indication Reference 1. Tender leaf of Shalmali along with Madhu and Mulethi Seeta Kashay Atisara Su.U. 40/98 2. Shalmali Atisar Kapitthadi Yog Atisara Su.U. 40/113 3. Bark of Shalmali Priyadi Ksheer Raktatisara Su.U. 40/119 4. Flower of Shalmali Gayatradiyavaleha Raktapitta Su.U. 45/34 115 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Astanga Hridaya for the treatment of Raktarsha (Bleeding piles) as follows: Apart from these Shalmali has tremendous therapeutic value in some specific diseases as mentioned in Sushruta Samhita as mentioned below: Flower of Shalmali along with other dravya is indicated in treatment of wound. In Prameha chikitsa specific Arista, Ayaskritis, Lehas and Asavas are prepared where Shalmali is one of the ingredient along with other dravya. For manual expulsion of death foetus, special lubricant is used in which Shalmali is one of the main ingredients. Shalmali, tender leaves of Badari, Nagbala, Shlesmantak and Dhanvan are boiled in milk and there after honey and blood is added. The prepared admix er is used as enema which is known as Picchila vasti. • Powder of Lodhra, Tila, Mochras, Samanga, Candana and Utpal is mixed with Goat’s milk, then boiled it along with rice is taken orally. • Powder of Lodhra, Katvanga, Kutaja, Samanga, bark of Shalmali, Kesar, Yastyahva and Sevya can be consumed along with rice water. It is specially mentioned that Piccha Vasti (Slimmy enama) prepared by Shalmali flower along with other ingredient like root of Kusa, Kasa and tender sprouts of Nyagrodha, Udumbara etc. which can cure dysentery, prolapse of rectum, heamorrhage (per rectum due to any cause) and fever. Yavagu, prepared with tender leaves of Kapitha, Phangi, Yuthika, Seluja, Dadima, Sana, Karpasi, Shalmali cure Pakvatisara . For the treatment of diarrhoea of paittik origin, cold infusion Shalmali vrinta mixed with honey is indicated. Mocharasa is used in Stambhak Yog as mentioned for the treatment of Atisara. Shalmali is used in Picchavasti with careful precaution for the treatment of Pravahika. Indication of Piccha vasti by Shalmali is also available in case of diarrhoea treatment. Astanga Hridaya: Masura macerated with milk, mixed with ghee and honey or Masura fried de-husked and macerated with milk, or sharp thorn of Shalmali added with Gur or Kolamajja and all these made into paste with rabbit blood and mixed with honey ; Kustha kept inside the fruit of Matulunga for seven days added it with honey, Muslijata (root of Shalmali) macerated with goat’s milk and mixed with honey, bones(ash of) of cow together with the root of Musli or with ghee or honey- paste of above mentioned dravyas cure Lanchana and Nilika. Therapeutic uses of Shalmali is mentioned in Astanga Hridaya in Various pathological condition. Uses of Shalmali in Obstetric medicine is found in Astanga Hridaya are mentioned below. In the condition of Mritagarbha (foetal death), it is necessary to make genital tract slimy. It is advised to wash the genital tract with lukewarm water and then vagina should be filled with the paste prepared from Jeggery (molasses), fermented Yeast, Salt, Ghee and slimy material of Shalmali fruit and Atasi. Which is followed by the recitation of sacred hymns (mantra) for the expulsion of Mritagarbha. Shalmali is one of the important ingredients in Pushyanug Churna, which is beneficial in various vaginal diseases as well as in menstrual disorders. If the impacted fetus does not come out in the above mentioned method, then dead fetus should be pulled out manually after taking permission from patient/guardian provided the fetus is suitable to be pulled out. In such condition paste of slimy material of Shalmali fruit is used as lubricating agent in this operation. Harita Samhita : After Brihatrayee, Shalmali is mentioned in Harita Samhita. It is mentioned in the Harita Samhita that for the treatment of Shukrakshaya (Oligospermia), Shalmali along with Vidarikanda and Madhu is prescribed. Powder young root of Shalmali, which is popularly known as Muslimool is Two special food recipe is mentioned in 116 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda specially mentioned in this Nighantu. Due to its Katu and Tikta ras as well as Vat- Kaph samak guna, Kut shalmali is indicated in Shukrameha (Spermaturia), Shukrakshyaya ( Oligospermia). mentioned as one of the best aphrodisiac medicine. NIGHANTU PERIOD: That was the platinum period for the development of the dravya gu?a. The era of Nigha?tu has provided the evidence of systematic & scientific understanding of the drug. In this period the dravya were explained with their synonyms, Rasa panchaka and their utility in different disease. Kaideva Nighantu (15th Century) Shalmali is mentioned under Aushadhi Varga in Kaideva Nighantu. It is described as Aphrodisiac as well as rejuvenator in Kaidev Nighantu. Dhanvantari Nighantu(11th Century AD) ‡ÊÊÀ◊∑§Ë— ‡ÊËÃ‹Ê SﬂÊiË ⁄U‚ ¬Ê∑§ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸË– ‡‹c◊‹Ê ’Î„áÊË ﬂÎcÿÊ ÁFÇœÊ Á¬ûÊÊFŸÊ‡ÊŸË Shalmali is included in Amradi Varga in Dhanvanatari Nighantu. Author gives some important synonyms of Shalmali on the basis of its morphological character as: (Kaidev Nig. Aosdha varg 911) Apart from this Mocharasa is also described as Shukrabardhak along with other prominent indication like in Atisara, Pravahika etc. ‡ÊÊÀ◊∑§Ë ⁄UQ§¬Èc¬Ê ÃÈ ∑È§Ä∑È§≈UË Áø⁄U¡ËÁﬂ∑§Ê– Á¬Áë¿U‹Ê øÍÁ‹ŸË ◊ÊøÊ ∑§á≈U∑§Ê…KÊ ‚È¬Í⁄UáÊÊ–– Bhavaprakash Nighantu (16th Century) (Dhan. Nig. Amradi varg 116) Shalmali is included under Vatadi Varga in Bhavaprakash Nighantu. It is mentioned as one of the most beautiful tree because of its well-arranged colorful flowers and so named Shalmali. As per Dhanvantari Nighantu due to Sheet Virya and Guru and Snigdha properties Shalmali increases Shukra and Kapha. Indication of root of young tree (Shemal musli) is mentioned for the treatment of Shukra Daurbalya (Oligospermia). ◊øÊdÊﬂÊ Á„◊Ê ª˝Ê„Ë ÁFÇœÊ ﬂÎcÿ— ∑§·Êÿ∑§—– ¬˝ﬂÊÁ„∑§Ê˘ÁÃ‚Ê⁄UÊ◊∑§»§Á¬ûÊÊdŒÊ„ŸÈÃ˜–– Sodhal Nighantu (12th Century AD) (Bha. Nig. Vatadi Varg 57) Acharya Sodhal has mentioned the synonyms and Guna-Karma of Shalmali. Sodhal Nighantu also included Shalmali under the Amradi Varga and mentioned some new synonyms like Tulini, Dhirghapadap etc. as follows:- As per this Samhita, Mocharasa is of Kashaya rasayukta, Snigdha and Grahi, so it acts as Vrishya as well as effective against Pravahika, Atisara and cures Rakta-vikar. ‡ÊÊÀ◊ÀÿÊ¥ ⁄UQ§¬Èc¬Ê ÃÈ ÁSÕ⁄U¡ËÁ∑§– Á¬ë¿U‹Ê ÃÍÁ‹ŸË ◊ÊøÊ ‚È¬ÍÁ⁄UáÊË– ’„ÈﬂË¸ÿÊ ÃÍ‹»§‹Ê ÁŸ—‚Ê⁄UÊ ŒËÉÊ¸¬ÊŒ¬Ê, Description of Kuta-Shalmali is also found in Bhavaprakash Nighantu. Raj Nighantu(17th Century) (Sodhal Nig. Amradi verga 612) Considering the importance of Shalmali, it is included as the prime drug (Pramukh dravya) under the Shalmalyadi Varga in this nighantu. Shalmali is described as Grahi, Snigdha, Sheeta and Vrishya. It is used in Atisara. Mochras (Gummy Exudation) cures Raktapitta and Kantak (Thorns) promotes Mukhakanti (Face complexion). ‡ÊÊÀ◊‹Ë Á¬ë¿U‹Ê ﬂÎcÿÊ ’ÀÿÊ ◊œÈ⁄U‡ÊËÃ‹—– ∑§·Êÿ‡ø ‹ÉÊÈ— ÁFÇœ— ‡ÊÈ∑˝§‡‹c◊Áﬂ’hŸ—–– Madanpal Nighantu (14th Century) (Raj Nig. Salmalyadi varg ) Shalmali is mentioned under Vatadi Varga in Madanpal Nighantu. For the first time two variety of Shalmali is mentioned depending upon the colour of flower as Rakta Puspa and Sweta puspa, which is also known as Kut Shalmali. In addition to that, description of Guna and Karma of Kut Shalmali is Shalmali is described as rejuvenator as well as aphrodisiac in Raj Nighantu. Shaligram Nighantu (20th Century) In Shaligram Nighantu, Shalmali 117 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com is Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 described under Phalavarga. Priya Nighantu ‡ÊÊÀ◊‹Ë◊œÈ⁄UÊﬂÎcÿÊ’ÀÿÊøÃÈﬂ⁄UÊ◊ÃÊ – ‡ÊËÃ‹ÊÁ¬Áë¿U‹Ê‹äﬂËÁFíœÊSﬂÊiË⁄U‚ÊÿÊ–– ‡Ê∑˝ § ‹Ê‡‹ c ◊‹ÊøÒ ﬂ œÊÃÈ ﬂ Î Á h∑§⁄U Ë ◊ÃÊ, Shalmali is mentioned in Priya Nighantu under Haritakyadi Varga. ÃL§áÊ¥ ‡ÊÊÀ◊‹Ë◊È‹¥ ÁFÇœ¥ ﬂÎcÿ¥ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ◊˜– ‡ÊËÃ‹¥ ◊œÈ⁄¥U ÃŸ ’ÎiÊ˘Á¬ ÃL§áÊÊÿÃ– (Shaligram Nig. Phal verg ) (Priya Nig. Haritkyadi varg 158) Quoting the reference from Nighantu Ratnakar, Shaligram Nighantu mentioned Shalmali as Shukral, Shlesmal and it promotes all the Dhatus because of its described properties. Here young root of Shalmali is mentioned as very effective Vrishya as well as Rasayana, intake of which old age become Youth. Nighantu Adarsh In addition to the above mentioned classics, Bhaishjya Ratnavali an well established Ayurveda formulatory described juicy extraction of root bark of the old Shalmali plant along with sugar for the treatment of oligospermia. A special composition of Semalmoosli, Sweta-moosli and Misrichurna along with Go-ghrit and Go-dugdha can increase the sexual vigour as that of Sparrow. Shalmali is mentioned in Adarsh Nighantu under the Shalmalyadi Varga. Bapalalji compiled all the therapeutic index of Shalmali as mentioned in Various Samhitas and earlier Nighantus. Almost all the synonyms along with its meaning is elaborately mentioned in this Nighantu. CLASSIFICATION: Sl. No. Name of the Classic Mahakashaya/ Varga/ Gana 1. Charak Samhita Pureesavirajaniya, Sonitasthapana, Vedanasthapana & Kashaya Skandha 2. Sushruta Samhita Shakavarga, Priyangvadi Gana (Mochrasa) 3. Astanga Hridaya • 4. Dhanvantari Nighantu Amradi Varga 5. Sodhal Nighantu Amradi Varga 6. Madanpal Nighantu Vatadi Varga 7. Kaideva Nighantu Ausadhi Varga 8. Bhavaprakash Nighantu Vatadi Varga 9. Raj Nighantu Shalmalyadi Varga 10. Shaligram Nighantu PhalaVarga 11. Nighantu Adarsha Shalmalyadi Varga 12. Priya Nighantu Harityakadi Varga 118 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Synonyms of Shalmali S.No. Synonyms 1. mentioned in different Nighantus: Dh.N. S.N. M.N. K.N. Bh.N. R.N. Sh.N. N.A. P.N. Shalmali - + + + + + + + + 2. Chirajeevi - - - - - + - - + 3. Picchila + + + + + + - + + 4. Raktapuspak - - + + - + - - + 5. Kukkuti + - + - - + - - - 6. Tulabrikshya - + - + - + - - - 7. Mocha + + + + + - - + - 8. Kantakdrum - - - - - + - - + 9. Raktaphal + - - + - + - - + 10. Ramyapuspa - - - + - + + - - 11. Bahuvirya + + - - - + - - - 12. Yamdrum + + - - - + - - + 13. Deerghadrum - - - + - + - - + 14. Deerghayu - + - - - + - - + 15. Kurkuti - - - + - - - - - 16. Sthirajeevika - - - + - + - - - 17. Sthulaphala - - + + - - + - - 18. Kantakakshya - + - + - + - - - 19. Supurani + - - + - - - - - 20. Mandrum - - - + - - - - - 21. Tulini - - - + + + + + - 22. Raktapuspa + - - + + + - - - 23. Chirajeevika + + - - - - - - - 24. Chulini + - - + - - + - - 25. Kantakadhya + - + + - - - - - 26. Purani - - - - + - - + - 27. Sthirayu - - - - + - - + - 119 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 INTERPRETATION OF SOME IMPORTANT SYNONYMS: l Shalmali l Rakta puspa l Kukkuti l : Having beautiful red flowers. Bahuvirya : An efficacious drug used in many disorders. l Mandrum : Tall tree. l Chirajeevika : Long lived tree. l Purani l Kantakaddhya : Thorny tree. l Mocha l Picchila : Releases slimy juice & exudation l Paorani l Tulini : Cotton yielding tree. l Mocha : Mocha means Kela in Hindi. Fruits of Shalmali looks like banana. TYPES OF SHALMALI: the bark of Shalmali, Which occurred from natural wounds caused probably by decay or by insects or as a result of some functional diseases. The gum is not exuded from artificially made wounds on healthy bark. It occurs in light brown nodular, hallow tears, these tears turn deep brown and latter become opaque and dark. Collection time of Mocharasa is from the month of November to June. Acharya Bhavamishra mentioned Shalmali in Vatadivarga as of two typesl Shalmali - Salmalia malabarica Schott & Engl or Bombax malabarica Dc. or Bombax ceiba Linn. l Kuta Shalmali - Eriodendron anfructuosum D.C. or Ceiba Pentandra Linn Semal musli : Semal musli is the root of 1-2 years aged Shalmali tree used in medications. It is considered as one of the best Vajeekaran drugs in ancient Ayurveda classics. Another variety of Shalmali is available in the costal part of South India & Nicobar Island and botanical source of which is Salmalia Insignis (wall) Scott & End. Pharmacodynamic properties of Shalmali according to different ancient classics: Mocharasa : This is gummy exudation from Sl. No. Name of the book Rasa Guna Virya 1 Charak Samhita (Ch.Su.27/99, 104) Madhur, Kashaya Guru, Rukshya Sheeta 2 Sushruta Samhita Kashaya, Madhur & Tikta Laghu Sheeta Vipak Action on doshas Mitigates Pitta & Rakta Madhur Mitigates Pitta & Rakta, Pacifies Kapha, Slightly increases Vata 120 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda 3 Astanga Samgraha (mochrasa) Madhur & Kashaya Guru Sheeta Madhur Mitigates Rakta & Pitta, Increases Kapha 4 Madhava Nidan Madhur Picchila Sheeta Madhur Pacifies Rakta & Pitta 5 Dhanvantari Nighantu Kashaya Snigdha Sheeta Madhur Aggravates Kapha 6 Kaidev Nighantu Madhur, Kashaya Snigdha Sheeta Madhur Supresses Pitta & Rakta 7 Bhavaprakash Nighantu Madhur, Kashaya Guru Sheeta Madhur Increases Kapha & Suppresses Pitta, Vata,Rakta Flowers Madhur, Tikta, Kashaya Grahi, Ruksha, Guru Sheeta Madhur Increases Vata, Suppresses Rakta, Pitta, & Kapha Raj Nighantu Madhur, Kashaya Sheeta Laghu, Snigdha, 8 Aggravates Kapha Picchila Flower Kashaya Grahi Pacifies Kapha & pitta Mocharasa Kashaya Grahi 9 Priya Nighantu Madhur, Kashaya Stambh-an Sheeta Madhur 10 Dravya Guna Vigyan (P.V. Sharma) Madhur Laghu Sheeta Madhur Mocharasa Kashaya Picchila, Snigdha Katu Ras Panchak : Sheeta Pacifies Vata & Increases Kapha Pacifies Vata & Pitta Pacifies Kapha & Pitta l Ras:Madhur, (Mocharasa:Kashaya) l Guna:Laghu, Snigdha & Picchila Brimhana. As almost all qualities of Shukra dhatu is present here so intake of Shalmali increases Shukra dhatu in terms of quantity following basic principle “Samanyam Vriddhikaranam” l Virya : Sheeta Effect on Mala l Vipak : Madhur (Mocharasa : Katu) As it has Madhura rasa, snigdha guna, madhura vipaka and sheeta virya it will increase malas. Action on Dhatu/Upadhatu Due to Madhura Rasa, Laghu, Snigdha and Picchila Guna it directly nourishes the body and gradually increasing Dhatu and updhatu. Various Nighantus also mentioned it as Rasayana and Summarized action and properties : Dosakarma : Vatapittasamak Kaphapittasamak (mocharasa,flowers and Fruits) 121 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Karma : Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 ethanolic extracts of bark of B. ceiba in antioxidant screening models such as DPPH, ABTS, NO and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, ferric oxide reduction, and total antioxidant capacity. The extracts showed potent antioxidant activity in all models studied. Purisavirajaniya Stambhana (mocharasa-exudate) Raktastambhan (flower & exudate) Mutral (unripe fruit) Vrishya (root) l Blood Glucose Reduction: Sukrastambhan (mocharasa) 1 . In Sprague-Dawley rats, a dose of 500 mg/kg of Shamimin, a C-flavonol glucoside from B Ceiba, produced a significant reduction of glycemia. Balya-brimhana (fruits) Sothahar –dahaprasamana (Bark) 2. In a comparative study of herbal plants, chloroform and alcoholic extract of bark of B. ceiba showed significant reduction of blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats compared to control and glibenclamide. Lekhana-varnya (thorns) Chemistry: All parts of the plant gave betasitosterol and its glucosides; seeds, bark and root bark, lupeol; flowers, hentriacontane, hentriacontanol; root bark, in addition, gave -hydroxycadalene. The seed oil yields arachidic, linoleic, myristic, oleic and palmitic acids; seeds contain carotenes, n-hexacosanol, ethylgallate and tocopherols; the gum contains gallic and tannic acids, yields L-arbinose, D-galactose, Dgalacturonic acid and D-galactopyranose. Younger roots contain more sugars (arabinose and galactose and peptic substances than the older ones. They contain mucilage, starch, mineralmatter, tannins and non-tannins, along with other constituents. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary] l Free Radical Scavenging: Phytochemical screening showed high amount of phenolics (30.95%) and tannins (15.45%) and very good dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of the root powder validates its use in diabetes mellitus and heart disease as described in traditional medicine. l Hepatoprotective / INH and Rifampin: Study concluded the methanolic extract of BC did not completely revert the hepatic injury caused by INH and Rifampin, but it could limit their effects to the extent of necrosis.The reason for the hepatoprotective effect may be due to the flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids with its free-radical scavenging. Parts used : Roots, leaves, gum, bark, flowers. Studies done : l Antiangiogenic: Study of methanol extract of stem barks of Bombax ceiba exhibited significant antiangiogenic activity on in-vitro tube formation on human umbilical venous endothelial cells. l Anabolic Effect: Root has been traditionally used for debility and impotence. In this case study of a patient with involuntary and idiopathic weight loss treated with CB root powder with milk, weight lost was regained, with normal body mass, a 147% rise in fibrinolytic activity and marked improvement in total antioxidant status. Results document the anabolic potential of BC root powder. The effect may be possibly explained by the presence of high amounts of steroids in the root, with an activity like 5-a-reductase, an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of testosterone to 5-adihydrotestosterone (DHT), which might provide the androgenic effect. l Hypotensive/ Shamimicin: Study yielded shamimicin from the stem bark of Bombax ceiba, along with lupeol, which was found to possess potent hypotensive activity. l Antioxidant: 1. Study of methanol extract of Bombax ceiba showed antioxidant activity in assays – DPPH, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity. 2. Antioxidant Effect (Bark): Study evaluated the antioxidant potential of aqueous and l Antimicrobial: Study of methanol extract 122 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 showed activity Salmonella typhi against Journal of Ayurveda multi-drug resistant of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.430. l Antimicrobial / Bark: Study of various extracts of BC bark for antibacterial and antifungal activity showed effective activity against all tested pathogens: S. aureus, S. pyogenes, K. pneumonia, E. coli, K. aerogenes, N. gonorrhea and Candida albicans. An aqueous extract showed a higher zone of inhibition. l Anti-Inflammatory Effect / Fruits: Study evaluated the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of crude extracts of Bombax ceiba bark by HRBC membrane stabilization method. Results showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, the ethanol extract >aqueous extract. Agnivesh, Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.61. 2. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.138 3. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.35. 4. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.159. 5. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.30. 6. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014, page no.285 7. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014,page no.434. 9. Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014, page no.509 1 0 . Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014, page no.510 Referances1. 8. 1 1 . Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014, page no.506. 1 2 . Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014, page no.594 1 3 . Agnivesh,Charak Samhita, Revised By Charak and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda dipika commentary of Chakrapani data, edited by Vaidhya Jadavaji Trikamji acharya, Chaukhambha Publications, Edition 2014, page no.445. 1 4 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of Shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no.234 1 5 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no581. 1 6 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no.66. 1 7 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, 123 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda published by Chaukhamba Varanasi, Edition 2014, page Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Sanskrit no.453. Sansthan, edition 2014, page no. 652. 2 7 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya,with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 657. 1 8 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no.462. 1 9 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no.546. 2 8 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya,with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 660. 2 0 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no.701. 2 9 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya,with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 661. 2 1 . Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, with the Nibandha samgraha commentary of shri Dalhanacharya edited by Vaidhya Jadavji Trikamji acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, Edition 2014, page no. 706. 3 0 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya, with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 892. 2 2 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya, with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 30. 3 1 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya, with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 900. 2 3 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya,with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no. 30. 2 4 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya, with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi ,edition 2014, page no. 651. 2 5 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya,with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, edition 2014, page no.651. 2 6 . Vagbhatta, Ashtangahridaya, with the commentaries of Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by pt. Hari Sadashiva Shastri Paradakar, published by Chaukhambha Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, 124 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Literary Review A Concept of Mala In Ayurvedic System Of Medicine -A Short Review *Vaidya. Patil Arati S., **Vd.Dnyaneshwar.K.Jadhav Abserct: The simple English meaning of the word Mala is ‘Waste Products’ of the body. However the Ayurvedic meaning is much deeper to understand the real function of mala. Though these are called Waste Products, their role in body’s normal functioning is unquestionable and very important. It took modern medical science long time to realize but now every laboratory does Stool and Urine examination for diagnosis. Ayurved knew it from thousands of years. Ayurved has explained three Malas (waste products) which are excreted in visible form they are Purish (Stool), Mutra (Urine) and Sweda (Sweat). In addition to these Malas Ayurved has explained seven Malas of seven Dhatus. This is the unique concept of Ayurvedic system of medicine which gives a different dimension to diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Malas can have adverse effects on body functioning, if not excreted properly and remain in the body for long time. There are three main Malas - Purish (Stool), Mutra (Urine), Sweda (Sweat) have big influence on physiology of the body. 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Scholar, Kaychikitsa Department, S.G.R. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, **P.G. Scholar, Kaychikitsa department, S.g.r.ayurveda college, solapur. Solapur-413002 Maharashatra, 125 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com India. Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Literary Review A Concept of Mala In Ayurvedic System Of Medicine -A Short Review Vaidya. Patil Arati S., Vd. Dnyaneshwar. K. Jadhav. Introduction malas-waste product plus proper and their regular digestion for maintenance of the health. Malas represents the waste products of the human body and their proper excretion from the human-body is vital things. Mala is an important topic of Ayurvedic Sharira Kirya (human physiology). Mala are the waste substances that are excreted out of the humanbody. [1] Mala represents the by-products resulting from the physiological and metabolic activities going inside the human- body. Elimination of the malas is necessary for maintaininance of better health. Three Forms Of Mala 1. Purish (Stool or human feces) – In Ayurvedic system of medicine, purish (stool), Mutra (urine) and sweda (sweat) are considered to be major class of Malas. [2] Malas are better known as dosh- pollutants, as they have an influential effect on the vikriti-pathology caused which is caused by imbalanced three biological humors. Precisely, malas get the name due to its property of malinikaran (toxification). Malas have equal import ants as three doshas & seven dhatus in the human body. Stool or human feces occur as a result of a process of defecation. Stools are the waste product of the human gastro- intestinal system. Stool can vary in appearance from one person to another person, which depends upon the Koshtha (human gastro-intestinal system). Normal stools are in semisolid state, with a mucus covering. Any fallacy caused in the normal process of excretion of stools (defecation) can result in flatulence, constipation, diarrhea and colicky pain. The three biological humors must remain in balanced equilibrium in order to ensure regular and normal evacuation. 2. Mutra (Urine) - Any imbalance between these the three Doshas can lead disease. Ama production is another factor, which can result in diseases like Amvata (Rheumatoid arthritis), Sandhigata vata (osteoarthritis), kativata (low-back pain), tamak svasa (Asthma), and pakvasjayagata.In Ayurveda it is clearly mentioned that Ama can produced due to malas. Urine is a liquid waste- product of the humanbody, secreted out by vrrka (the kidneys) through a process of glomerular filtration from the connective tissue, the blood. Urethra excretes urine from the urinary system of the human body. Any fallacy caused in the normal process of excretion of urine results lead in anuria, oliguria, urinary tract infections, renal stones, colicky pain and renal failure. Mala as Vital Factors 3. Sweda (Sweat) - Due to metabolic activities being carried out by the human-body, by-products of the ingested food and waste products are formed. If the malas are not formed at regular basis, besides the beneficial products, which feed nutrients to the dhatu, then the anabolic and catabolic (metabolic) processes are ultimately and its results in the formation of malforming dhatu-tissues. Hence, appropriate segregation of essence of ingested food-stuffs and In the Ayurvedic system of medicine and physiology, perspiration or sweating is known as Sweda. It is basically a fluid that comes out of the skin pores and primarily consists of water as well as various dissolved solids. Pariman (Quantity) Of Malas : There is no fix parimana of the malas. because every sharir is different.[3] 126 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Malakshaya And Malavrridhi Swedavrudhi –Drogndha, kandu. [13] Decrease or increase in the quantity of the waste products (stools, urine or sweat) produced symptoms on body. Its detail lakshanas given by sushruta and vagbhata. The doshas (humors), dhatu (tissue) and malas (waste-products) assist support the vital functions of the human-body. In Ayurveda, malaksahya is a significant feature in the pathogenesis of Rajayashama. According to Charka, malaksahya should be dealt effectively in better prognosis of Rajayshama. Malakshay is more harmful than malavrudhi. [4] Ativrudha Mala Chikitsa[14] : Sanshodhana, kshapna, kashyaviruddha kriya. Mala Kshya Chikitsa[15] : Mala, mutra - Swayonivardhna drvaya. Sweda – Abhyaga, Swedana. Karma Of Malas : l Purisha Karma –Upastambha, vayavgnidhanrna, Avasthambha[16] l Mutra Karma –Bastipurna, vikeldna. Purish kashay [5] - Hrutpida, pashwapida, sasbhabda vayorudhvagamana, kukshi sanchrana. l Sweda Karaa –Keldatwaka, sokumarya. [17] Mutra kshaya- Bastitoda [6] , alpamutra [6], Mutravivarnata[7], mutrakruchata[7] Each Dhatu produces Upadhatu and Mala i.e waste product after action of Agni on them. Dhatu Malas are the substances visible outside the body in various forms such as Nails which is Mala of Asthi Dhatu. Concept of Dhatu Mala’s Sweda kasya[8]- Stabdharomkupata, twakshosha, sparshavaigunya, swedanasha. PurishvrushiAatop [9] , Gauvrav[10], Adhamana[10] kukshishula [9], [18] : Knowledge about these Malas is has importance for precise diagnosis and deciding on the appropriate line of treatment. For example Deformity of nails denotes disorder related to Asthi Dhatu. Mutra vruddhi – Muhumuhu pravrutti [11], bastitoda [11], aadhmnam [11] , Kruteapiakrute [12] sadnyata Malas Of Each Dhatu : Malas Malas Of Each Dhatu[19]Chrk Mala[20]Susu Rasa Kapha Kapha Rakta Pitta (Bile) Pitta (Bile) Mamsa Khamala (Wax of ear) Karna-mukha-nasikadi mala Meda Sticky substances in nose, on teeth, arm Sticky substances in nose, on teeth, pit and sexual parts arm pit and sexual parts Asthi Nails Nakha-kehs-shamshru-rom Majja Sticky substance of eye Twaka-netra mala Shukra Oilyness and acni on the face - Importance Of Malas : Even malas are weast product of the body. It’s have own importance. Rajayashma –the king of the disease, in such disease bala of patients is depend on purish [21].it indicated that even malas are weast product still its play major role in physiology of the body which enhance all systems of body. Aarogya (good health or disease free condition) and their imbalance causes ill health or disease [22]. Refrences : 1. Conclusion : According to Ayurveda, the only balanced condition of doshas, dhatus and malas is Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita, maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Doshdhatumalakshayvrudhiadhyaya: Chapter 15.verse no.3. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010; page no.114. 127 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 2. Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat, vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; AyushkamiyaAdhya ; chapter 1. verse no.13 ; pune : profesent publishing house,2009 ; page no.3. 1 2 . Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12 th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat, vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya; chapter 11. verse no.13 ; pune : profesent publishing house,2009 ; page no.60. 3. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita, maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.42. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.129. 1 3 . Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12 th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat, vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya; chapter 11. verse no.13 ; pune : profesent publishing house,2009 ; page no.60. 4. Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat,vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya ; chapter 11. verse no.25 ; pune : profesent publishing house,2009 ; page no.61. 1 4 . Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2 nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.21. Varanasi: Chukhambha prakashan, 2010; page no.123. 5. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.15. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.120. 1 5 . Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2 nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.16. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.120. 6. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.15. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.120. 1 6 . Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12 th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat, vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya; chapter 11. verse no.4; pune: profesent publishing house, 2009; page no.59. 7. Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12 Ed.), Sartha vagbhat,vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya ; chapter 11. verse no.12 ; pune : profesent publishing house,2009 ; page no.60. 8. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.15. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.120. 9. 1 7 . Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12 th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat, vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya ; chapter 11. verse no.4 ; pune : profesent publishing house, 2009; page no.59. th 1 8 . Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of maharshi charak, Chukhambha prakashan, Varanasi, 2010, Chikitsastan, Grahani-adhya, chapter 15,verse no.18, page no.348. 1 9 . Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of maharshi charak, Chukhambha prakashan, Varanasi, 2010, Chikitsastan, Grahani-adhya, chapter 15,verse no.19, page no.348. Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.18. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.122. 2 0 . Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2 nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 46.verse no.60. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.452. 1 0 . Dr.Ganesh Krushana garde, (12th Ed.), Sartha vagbhat, vagbhtakryta ashtangrudhaya and its Marathi translation, Sutra-stan; DoshadividnyniyaAdhya; chapter 11. verse no.12; pune: profesent publishing house, 2009; page no.60. 2 1 . Dr.Y.G.Joshi, Charak Samhita of maharshi charak, Chukhambha prakashan, Varanasi, 2010, Chikitsastan, chapter 8,verse no.42, page no.213. 2 2 . Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2 nd Ed.). Susruta samhita,maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.47. Varanasi : Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.47. 1 1 . Dr.Anant Ram Sharma, edited with ‘susrutavimarsini’ Hindi commentary. (2nd Ed.). Susruta samhita, maharshi susruta. Sutra-stan; Rasavisheshyavidnyaniya-adhya: Chapter 15.verse no.18. Varanasi: Chukhambha prakashan, 2010 ; page no.122. 128 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Case Report A case study on Ayurvedic management of Hypothyroidism *Dr.Amarnath Shukla,**Dr.Ashok Kumar Sinha, ***Dr.Utkarsha Nehra AbstractContext: Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which in turn results in a generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. There is no direct mention of the thyroid gland in Ayurveda, but Acharya charaka states that “‘Vikaranamakusalo na jihriyat kadachana Nahi sarva vikaranam namoto asti dhuvasthitih’’ keeping this in mind because Increasing incidence of the disease has made it necessary to incorporate some more details of the subject in ayurvedic studies. The analysis of their signs and symptoms shows that most of the signs and symptoms attributed to hypothyroidism belong to Kapha may be produced due to Dhatvagnimandya and Rasa Dhatu. Objective: The main purpose of this study is to To find out a safe & effective remedy for hypothyroidism. Case : A 30 year-old male presented with complaints of progressive weight gain from last 6 months, fatigue, postural dizziness, loss of memory, slow speech, deepening of her voice, dry skin, constipation, and cold intolerance, has been presented here. Intervention: Herbal compound is formulated on the basis of Bhaisajya Ratnavali where Kanchnar Gutika has been specifically prescribed for Galganda treatment. There is some modification in the Yoga , Chitraka, Devdaru and Jalkumbhi Kshar were added which are mentioned in the treatment of Kaphaja Galganda by different Acharyas. Results: There was not only reduction in TSH level to normal but also marked relief was noted in associated symptoms when treated with Ayurvedic principles. Conclusions: From the classical text description we can say that Galaganda is a condition related to thyroid gland. But hypothyroidism is not just a local disease; it has many symptoms related to many systems. So it is better not to restrict hypothyroidism with Galaganda as mentioned in the classics. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Galganda, Dhatwagnimadya ‚Ê⁄UÊ¥‡Ê„Êß¬ÙÕÊÿ⁄ÊÿÁ«UÖ◊ ⁄Ùª ÕÊÿ⁄Êß«U „Ê◊Ù¸Ÿ ÕÊÿ⁄UÊÁÄ‚Ÿ ∑§Ë ∑§◊Ë ‚ ©à¬ÛÊ ∞∑§ ŸÒºÊÁŸ∑§ ¡Á≈U‹ ⁄UÊª „Ò, ¡Ù ∞∑§ øÿÊ¬øÿ ∑§Ë ¬˝ÁR§ÿÊ ∑‘ œË◊Ê „ÙŸ ∑‘ ∑§Ê⁄áÊ „ÙÃÊ „Ò– ÿ„Ê° •ÊÿÈﬂ¸º ◊¥ ÕÊÿ⁄ÊÚÿ«U ª˝¢ÁÕ ∑‘ ⁄ÙªÙ ∑§Ê ∑§Ùß¸ ‚ËœÊ ©Ñπ Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò, ‹Á∑§Ÿ •ÊøÊÿ¸ ø⁄∑§ Ÿ Ÿ∞ ⁄ÙªÙ ∑‘ Á‹∞ ‚ÍG L§¬ ◊¥ ©¬º≥Ê Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò Á∑§ “Áﬂ∑§Ê⁄ÊáÊÊ◊ ∑È§≥Ê‹Ù Ÿ Á¡Á„ÿÊÃ ∑§ºÊøŸ— ŸÊÁ„ ‚ﬂ¸ Áﬂ∑§⁄ÊáÊÊ◊ ŸÊ◊ÃÊ •ÁSÃ œ˝ÈﬂÁSÕÁÃ ß‚Ë ‚ÍG ∑§Ù äÿÊŸ ◊¥ ⁄π∑§⁄ •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áº∑§ •äÿÿŸ ◊¥ ß‚ „Êß¬ÙÕÊÿ⁄ÊÿÁ«UÖ◊ ∑‘ ‹ˇÊáÊÙ¥ ∑‘ Áﬂ‡‹·áÊ ‚ ⁄‚ œÊÃÈ Áﬂ∑Î§ÁÃ ∞ﬂ¢ ∑§»§ ºÙ· ’Ê„ÈÀÿ „ÙŸ ∑§Ê ¬ÃÊ ø‹ÃÊ „Ò– ©g≥ÿ— ß‚ •äÿÿŸ ∑§Ê ◊ÈÅÿ ©g≥ÿ „Êß¬ÙÕÊÿ⁄ÊÿÁ«UÖ◊ ∑‘ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ ‚È⁄ÁˇÊÃ •ÊÒ⁄ ∑§Ê⁄ª⁄ ©¬Êÿ πÙ¡Ÿ ∑‘ Á‹∞ „Ò– ¬˝∑§⁄áÊ— Á¬¿U‹ 6 ◊„ËŸÙ¥ ‚ Õ∑§ÊŸ, •‚„ŸËÿ øP§⁄ •ÊŸÊ, ÿÊººÊ≥Ã ◊¥ ∑§◊Ë, œË◊Ë ªÁÃ ‚ ÷Ê·áÊ, •ÊﬂÊ¡ ◊¥ ∑§∑¸§‡ÊÃÊ ’ŸÊŸ, ≥ÊÈc∑§ àﬂøÊ, ∑§é¡ •ÊÒ⁄ ∆¢«U ‚ •‚Á„cáÊÈÃÊ , ÁŸ⁄UãÃ⁄U ﬂ¡Ÿ ’…U∏Ÿ ∑§Ë Á≥Ê∑§ÊÿÃÙ¥ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ ¬˝SÃÈÃ ∞∑§ 30 ﬂ·Ë¸ÿ ¬ÈL§·, ÿ„Ê¢ ¬˝SÃÈÃ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– •ÊÒ·Áœ — ∑§Ê¢øŸÊ⁄ ªÈÁ≈∑§Ê ¡Ù Áﬂ≥Ê· L§¬ ‚ ª‹ªá«U ∑‘ ÁøÁ∑§à‚Ê ∑‘ Á‹∞ ÷Ò·Öÿ ⁄%Êﬂ‹Ë ◊¥ ﬂÁáÊ¸Ã Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò ¡„Ê¢ ∑‘ •ÊœÊ⁄ ¬⁄ ∞∑§ Áﬂ≥Ê· ÿÙª ÃÒÿÊ⁄ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ „Ò ß‚◊¥ ∑È§¿U ‚¢≥ÊÙœŸ ∑§⁄ ÁøG∑§, ºﬂºÊL§ •ÊÒ⁄ ¡‹∑È§ê÷Ë ˇÊÊ⁄ ¡Ù«∏Ê ªÿÊ „Ò– ¬Á⁄áÊÊ◊— T3 ∞ﬂ¢ T-4 ‚Ê◊Êãÿ ∑§⁄Ÿ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ TSH SÃ⁄ ◊¥ ÷Ë ∑§◊Ë ºπË ªß¸, •ÊÿÈﬂ¸Áº∑§ Á‚hÊ¢ÃÙ¥ ∑‘ ‚ÊÕ ß‹Ê¡ ∑§⁄Ÿ ¬⁄ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ ‹ˇÊáÊ ◊¥ ÷Ë ‹Ê÷ ¬˝ŒÁ‡Ê¸Ã „È•Ê– ÁŸc∑§·¸— ≥ÊÊùËÿ ﬂáÊ¸Ÿ ‚ ÿ„ S¬D „Ò Á∑§ ª‹ªá«U ÕÊÿ⁄ÊÚÿ«U ª˝¢ÁÕ ‚ ‚¢’¢ÁœÃ „Ò ‹Á∑§Ÿ „Êß¬ÙÕÊÿ⁄ÊÿÁ«UÖ◊ Á‚»¸§ ∞∑§ SÕÊŸËÿ ’Ë◊Ê⁄Ë Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò ÿ„ ∑§ß¸ dÙÃ‚Ù¥ ‚ ‚ê’¢ÁœÃ „Ò– *,** Associate professor, ***Assistant professor, Dept. of Kaya Chikitsa, Gaur Brahman Ayurvedic College Rohtak Haryana 129 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Case Report A case study on Ayurvedic management of Hypothyroidism Dr. Amarnath Shukla, Dr. Ashok Kumar Sinha, Dr. Utkarsha Nehra Introduction: Pradhan vedana (Chief complaint) : Hypothyroidism is a common endocrinal disorder around the world. Its incidence is increasing day by day and its name became a common on the tongue of society. It effects the body physiology as well as psychology. Modern medical science treats hypothyroidism by the hormone pills to make normal level of hormones in blood. But along with this therapy the patients may suffer from many symptoms like puffiness of face, oedema, body ache, weight gain, anorexia etc and also with psychological symptoms like depressed mood, forgetfulness, lethargy etc. (1) In Ayurveda, hypothyroidism is not as such mentioned but on basis of its clinical presentation we can co-relate it with Kaphaja Galganda for local symptom related with thyroid gland and Kaphaja - Rasaja Vikara for its general symptoms. Sushruta and Vagbhata both have prescribed Vamana Karma in the treatment of Kaphaja Galganda (2). Kapha Dosha plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Hypothyroidism. l Easily tired with increase in weight since 6 months, Vartamanvedanavrutta (H/o Present complaint) : Patient complaining that he was quite well 5 years back then he gradually develops, easy tiredness and gaining weight from past 6 months, (4 kgs), left sided headache on and off since 3 years , acne with scars on face and back of the chest with itching since 2 years, sneezing 8-10 times on and off with tickling sensation in nose followed by running of nose and blocking since 2 years. Purva vydhivrutta (Past History): Had jaundice 5 years back. Kulaja vrutant (Family history): Mother suffering from hypothyroidism, Father is hypertensive. Roga Pareksha (Examination) Vitals were normal. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system and per abdomen examinations had shown no deformity. Hypothyroidism may be classified in a number of ways. It may be primary, (thyroid Failure) secondary (to pituitary TSH deficit), or tertiary (due to hypothalamic deficiency of TRH); or there may be and abnormality of the thyroxine (T4) receptor in the cell, inducing Peripheral resistance to the action of thyroid hormones.(3) Prakriti (constitution) was Kapha-vataj. Samanya Sharirik (General examination): Case Report: A 30 years old male complained of feeling tired easily and of weight gain from past 6 months. She had swelling in the thyroid gland. On advice she underwent a thyroid profile on Oct 2015 and was found to have TSH > 150 and was diagnosed as hypothyroidism. He was under Ayurvedic management for three months in kayachikitsa department. There was not only reduction in TSH level to normal but also marked relief was noted in associated symptoms when treated with Ayurvedic herbal compound fallowed by Vamana Karma (Therapeutic emesis). l Weight : 64 kgs l B.P 120/80 mm Hg, l PR: 72/min, l Complexion- fair, l Appetite-normal, l thirst –normal, l bowel movements –regular, l Urine – NAD. l Desire – not particular Mansik(Mental generals): l Easily irritable, 130 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda l dislikes to undertake work l Anger from contradiction. Akrti (appearance) was looking obese (due to serum cholesterol and phospholipid rise in hypothyroid state). Asthavidh Pareksha : Local examination: Nadi (pulse) was kaphadhikatridosaja. There was no complaint with regard to Mutra (urine). Frequency and color were normal. Mala (stool) was constipated and passes with a foul smell and dark color, once in 1–2 days. Jihva (Tongue) was sama (coated suggestive of improper digestion). Sabda (speech) was harsh(hoarseness of voice). Sparsa (touch) was cold and dry (due to decrease in basal metabolic rate). Drk (eyes) showed squint in right eye (divergent and the concomitant type of squint). Table 1 Thyroid gland: slight swelling of gland noted on empty swallowing Investigation: T3 – 76 ng/dl ; T4- 3.50 µg/ dl; TSH > 150.00 µIU/ ml Intervention: Vamana (Therapeutic emesis) followed by Samsarjana Karma and administration of herbal compound in vati form were administered in the dose of 2 gms thrice a day with milk for 90 days. (Contains of herbal formulation) S.u Drogue Composition 1 Powder of Kanchnar chhala 2 part 2 Trikatu powder 1 part 3 Powder of Chitraka mula 1 part 4 Devdaru Powder 1 part 5 Jalakumbhi’s Kshar 1part 6 Triphala powder 1 part 7 Guggulu 3 part Results: Table 2 (Effect of the therapy on biochemical parameters) S.NU. Investigation BT AT 1. S.T3 (ng/ml) 76 167 2. S.T4 (ìg/dl) 3.50 10.4 3. S.TSH (ìIU/ml) 150 13.65 Mode Of Action: of vitiated rasa dhatu which again is caused by rasadhatvagnimandya. Alleviation of this symptom may be due to deepana, pachana properties of drugs under herbal preparation. Being a multipurpose therapy, vaman eliminates vitiated kapha and pitta from the body. It may help in decreasing dravta of pitta and guruta of kapha. Hence, prithvi and apa bhutas may get decreased with eventual elevation of agneya tatva. In this way it may help in potentiating agni. Most of the symptoms seen in hypothyroidism due toVrudhi Discussion: Clinical presentation of hypothyroidism show resemblance with different clinical conditions 131 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Acknowledgments: described in Ayurvedic classics up to some extent but it looks closer to galagand because the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism mentioned in modern medicine show that Kapha Dosha play a major role in this disease, Due to the dominance of Kapha Dosha in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism and Vamana Karma being specially selected here. The site of action of Vamana is Amashaya which is mentioned as a Kaphasthana. By the act of Vamana Srotoshodhana, Agnideepana and Vatanulomana are the main outcome which are achieved by vaman. Due to Margavaranajanya Samprapti and Kapha dominant state with Pitta Dushti, to remove obstruction of Kapha and to regularize the movement of Vata. We like to thank all the hospital staff and our students of final year, for their cooperation. We also like to thank the patient for giving us the permission to publish this case study. References: For shaman (palliative major) our herbal formulation contains Triphala, Trikatu, Kanchnar Tvak, Guggulu and Madhu. Comparison to kanchnar gugulu, there is some modification we added other three drugs in this yoga viz Chitraka, Devadaru and Jalakumbhi’s Kshar. Chitraka is mentioned as Shothhara and Galgandhara by Sushruta. Devadaru is also useful in Shotha and Galgand, particularly in Kaphaja Galganda (Bangsen). Vrindmadhava and Bhavprakash have prescribed Kshar of Jalkumbi for Galgand. Kanchnar is commonly used in Galganda Chikitsa and is considered as a Kapha-Pitta Shamaka. Guggulu has Lagu, Ruksha, Tikshana and Tridosha Shamaka properly and well known Medohar drug. 1. Cap J. Hypothyroidism substitution and adrenal insufficiency in diabetic patients, VnitrLek. 2009 Apr;55(4):371-4. 2. http://www.japi.org/thyroid_special_jan_issue_2 011/article_01.html assess on 12-09-15. 3. Vagabhata, Ashtanga Hridaya with the commentaries Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri, edited by Pandit Hari Sadasiva Sastri Paradakara Bhisagacarya; Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, Reprint - 2011. Uttar tantra 22/71, p.188. 4. Lineswala Gaurang, Gurdeep singh. A clinical study in the role of Vamana and Shamana in Kaphaja Galaganda w.s.r. to Hypothyroidism, Department of Kayachikitsa (PK), I. P. G. T. & R.A. Jamnagar 2002 Conclusion: Present study was consisting of patient who was on thyroid hormone Supplement. This supplement was stopped after gradual reduction of doses. Probably, results can be obtained with more honestly and purity, if patients of Hypothyroidism, who are not on any hormonal supplement, are taken in the study. The study reveals that Purification followed by palliative therapy was found as a suitable treatment plan to manage hypothyroidism. Onset of hypothyroidism is so insidious that the classical clinical manifestation takes months to appear and the disease frequently goes unnoticed for years. The analysis of their signs and symptoms shows that most of the signs and symptoms attributed to hypothyroidism belong to Kapha may be produced due to Dhatvagnimandya and Rasa Dhatu. 132 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Instructions for authors 2, and 3. I. Ownership of the Journal l An “author” is generally considered to be someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study, and biomedical authorship continues to have important academic, social, and financial implications. 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Acceptable Secondary Publication Two kinds of competing submissions will be considered: submissions by coworkers who disagree on the analysis and interpretation of their study, and submissions by coworkers who disagree on what the facts are and which data should be reported. Certain types of articles, such as guidelines produced by governmental agencies and professional organizations, may need to reach the widest possible audience. In such instances, editors will choose to publish material that is also being published in other journals. Secondary publication for various other reasons, in the same or another language, especially in other countries and/or states, is justifiable, and can be beneficial, provided all of the following conditions are met. Setting aside the unresolved question of ownership of the data, the following general observations may help editors and others dealing with these problems. III. D.4.a. Differences in Analysis or Interpretation If the dispute centers on the analysis or interpretation of data, the authors should submit a manuscript that clearly presents both versions. The difference of opinion should be explained in a cover letter. The normal process of peer and editorial review of the manuscript may help the authors to resolve their disagreement regarding analysis or interpretation. 1 . The authors have received approval from the editors of both journals; the editor concerned with secondary publication must have a photocopy, reprint, or manuscript of the primary version. 2. The priority of the primary publication is respected by a publication interval of at least one week. 3. The paper for secondary publication is intended for a different group of readers; an abbreviated version could be sufficient. If the dispute cannot be resolved and the study merits publication, both versions will be published. Options include publishing two papers on the same study, or a single paper with two analyses or interpretations. In such cases it would be appropriate for the editor to publish a statement outlining the disagreement and the journal’s involvement in attempts to resolve it. 4. The secondary version faithfully reflects the data and interpretations of the primary version. 5. The footnote on the title page of the secondary version informs readers, peers, and documenting agencies that the paper has been published in whole or in part and states the primary reference. A suitable footnote might read: “This article is based on a study first reported in the [title of journal, with full reference].” III.D.4. b. Differences in Reported Methods or Results If the dispute centers on differing opinions of what was actually done or observed during the study, the journal editor will refuse publication until the disagreement is resolved. Peer review cannot be expected to resolve such problems. If there are allegations of dishonesty or fraud, editors will inform the appropriate authorities; authors will be notified of editor’s intention to report a suspicion of research misconduct. Permission for such secondary publication should be free of charge. 6. The title of the secondary publication should indicate that it is a secondary publication (complete republication, abridged republication, complete translation, or abridged translation) of a primary publication. Of note, the National Library of Medicine does not consider 137 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 both in print and electronic versions of the journal. III.D.5. Competing Manuscripts Based on the Same Database III.F. Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special Series Supplements are collections of papers that deal with related issues or topics, are published as a separate issue of the journal or as part of a regular issue, and are usually funded by sources other than the journal’s publisher. Supplements can serve useful purposes: education, exchange of research information, ease of access to focused content, and improved cooperation between academic and corporate entities. Because funding sources can bias the content of supplements through the choice of topics and viewpoints, this journal adopts the following principles. These same principles apply to theme issues or special series that have external funding and/or guest editors. Editors may sometimes receive manuscripts from separate research groups that have analyzed the same data set, e.g., from a public database. The manuscripts may differ in their analytic methods, conclusions, or both. Each manuscript will be considered separately. Where interpretations of the same data are very similar, it is reasonable but not necessary for editors to give preference to the manuscript that was received earlier. However, editorial consideration of multiple submissions may be justified in this circumstance, and there may even be a good reason for publishing more than one manuscript because different analytical approaches may be complementary and equally valid. III.E. Correspondence 1 . The journal editors take full responsibility for the policies, practices, and content of supplements, including complete control of the decision to publish all portions of the supplement. Editing by the funding organization will not be permitted. As a mechanism for submitting comments, questions, or criticisms about published articles, as well as brief reports and commentary unrelated to previously published articles. This will likely, but not necessarily, take the form of a correspondence section or column. The authors of articles discussed in correspondence should be given an opportunity to respond, preferably in the same issue in which the original correspondence appears. Authors of correspondence will be asked to declare any competing or conflicting interests. 2. The journal editors will retain the authority to send supplement manuscripts for external peer review and to reject manuscripts submitted for the supplement. 3. The journal editors will approve the appointment of any external editor of the supplement and take responsibility for the work of the external editor. Published correspondence may be edited for length, grammatical correctness, and journal style. 4. The sources of funding for the research, publication, and the products the funding source make that are considered in the supplement should be clearly stated and prominently located in the supplement, preferably on each page. Whenever possible, funding should come from more than one sponsor. Although editors have the prerogative to sift out correspondence material that is irrelevant, uninteresting, or lacking in cogency, they have a responsibility to allow a range of opinion to be expressed. The correspondence column will not be used merely to promote the journal’s, or the editors’, point of view. In all instances, editors will make an effort to screen out discourteous, inaccurate, or libelous statements. 5. Secondary publication in supplements (republication of papers previously published elsewhere) will be clearly identified by the citation of the original paper. Supplements will avoid redundant or duplicate publication. Supplements will not republish research results, but the republication of guidelines or other material in the public interest might be appropriate. In the interests of fairness and to keep correspondence within manageable proportions, journal may want to set time limits for responding to articles and correspondence, and for debate on a given topic. Journal has also set policy with regard to the archiving of unedited correspondence that appears on line. These policies should be published 138 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda are numbered. Authors should therefore number all of the pages of the manuscript consecutively, beginning with the title page. IV. Manuscript Preparation and Submission IV.A. Preparing a Manuscript for Submission Editors and reviewers spend many hours reading manuscripts, and therefore appreciate receiving with manuscripts that are easy to read and edit. Much of the information in journals’ instructions to authors is designed to accomplish that goal in ways that meet each journal’s particular editorial needs. The guidance that follows provides a general background and rationale for preparing manuscripts for any journal. IV.A.1.b. Reporting Guidelines for Specific Study Designs Research reports frequently omit important information. The general requirements listed in the next section relate to reporting essential elements for all study designs. Authors are encouraged in addition to consult reporting guidelines relevant to their specific research design. For reports of randomized controlled trials authors should refer to the CONSORT statement. This guideline provides a set of recommendations comprising a list of items to report and a patient flow diagram. IV.A.1.a. General Principles The text of observational and experimental articles is usually (but not necessarily) divided into sections with the headings Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This so-called “IMRAD” structure is not simply an arbitrary publication format, but rather a direct reflection of the process of scientific discovery. Long articles may need subheadings within some sections (especially the Results and Discussion sections) to clarify their content. Other types of articles, such as case reports, reviews, and editorials, are likely to need other formats. IV.A.2. Title Page The title page should carry the following information: 1 . The title of the article. Concise titles are easier to read than long, convoluted ones. Titles that are too short may, however, lack important information, such as study design (which is particularly important in identifying randomized controlled trials). Authors should include all information in the title that will make electronic retrieval of the article both sensitive and specific. Publication in electronic formats has created opportunities for adding details or whole sections in the electronic version only, layering information, cross-linking or extracting portions of articles, and the like. Authors need to work closely with editors in developing or using such new publication formats and should submit material for potential supplementary electronic formats for peer review. 2. Authors’ names and institutional affiliations. 3. The name of the department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed. 4. Disclaimers, if any. Double spacing of all portions of the manuscript including the title page, abstract, text, acknowledgments, references, individual tables, and legends-and generous margins make it possible for editors and reviewers to edit the text line by line, and add comments and queries, directly on the paper copy. If manuscripts are submitted electronically, the files should be double spaced, because the manuscript may need to be printed out for reviewing and editing. 5. Corresponding authors. The name, mailing address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the author responsible for correspondence about the manuscript (the “corresponding author;” this author may or may not be the “guarantor” for the integrity of the study as a whole, if someone is identified in that role. The corresponding author should indicate clearly whether his or her e-mail address is to be published. During the editorial process reviewers and editors frequently need to refer to specific portions of the manuscript, which is difficult unless the pages 6. The name and address of the author to whom requests for reprints should be addressed. 7 . Source(s) of support in the form of grants, 139 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 IV.A.5. Introduction equipment, drugs, or all of these. 8. Word counts. A word count for the text only (excluding abstract, acknowledgments, figure legends, and references) allows editors and reviewers to assess whether the information contained in the paper warrants the amount of space devoted to it, and whether the submitted manuscript fits within the journal’s word limits. A separate word count for the Abstract is also useful for the same reason. Provide a context or background for the study (i.e., the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation; the research objective is often more sharply focused when stated as a question. Both the main and secondary objectives should be made clear, and any pre-specified subgroup analyses should be described. Give only strictly pertinent references and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported. 9. The number of figures and tables. It is difficult for editorial staff and reviewers to tell if the figures and tables that should have accompanied a manuscript were actually included unless the numbers of figures and tables that belong to the manuscript are noted on the title page. IV.A.6. Methods The Methods section should include only information that was available at the time the plan or protocol for the study was written; all information obtained during the conduct of the study belongs in the Results section. IV.A.3. Conflict of Interest Notification Page To prevent the information on potential conflict of interest for authors from being overlooked or misplaced, it is necessary for that information to be part of the manuscript. It should therefore also be included on a separate page or pages immediately following the title page. IV.A.6.a. Selection Participants and Description of Describe your selection of the observational or experimental participants (patients or laboratory animals, including controls) clearly, including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population. Because the relevance of such variables as age and sex to the object of research is not always clear, authors should explain their use when they are included in a study report; for example, authors should explain why only subjects of certain ages were included or why women were excluded. The guiding principle should be clarity about how and why a study was done in a particular way. When authors use variables such as race or ethnicity, they should define how they measured the variables and justify their relevance. IV.A.4. Abstract and Key Words An abstract should follow the title page. The abstract should provide the context or background for the study and should state the study’s purposes, basic procedures (selection of study subjects or laboratory animals, observational and analytical methods), main findings (giving specific effect sizes and their statistical significance, if possible), and principal conclusions. It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations. Because abstracts are the only substantive portion of the article indexed in electronic database and the only portion many readers read, authors need to be careful that abstracts reflect the content of the article accurately. IV.A.6.b. Technical information Identify the methods, apparatus (give the manufacturer’s name and address in parentheses), and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Give references to established methods, including statistical methods see below; provide references and brief descriptions for methods that have been published but are not well known; describe new or substantially modified methods, give reasons for using them, and evaluate 3 to 10 key words or short phrases that capture the main topics of the article. These will assist indexers in cross-indexing the article and may be published with the abstract. Terms from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus should be used; if suitable MeSH terms are not yet available for present terms may be used. 140 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda the data by variables such as age and sex should be included. their limitations. Identify precisely all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s), dose(s), and route(s) of administration. IV.A.8. Discussion Authors submitting review manuscripts should include a section describing the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data. These methods should also be summarized in the abstract. Emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them. Do not repeat in detail data or other material given in the Introduction or the Results section. For experimental studies it is useful to begin the discussion by summarizing briefly the main findings, then explore possible mechanisms or explanations for these findings, compare and contrast the results with other relevant studies, state the limitations of the study, and explore the implications of the findings for future research and for clinical practice. IV.A.6.c. Statistics Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). References for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible (with pages stated). Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the computer software used. Link the conclusions with the goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data. In particular, authors should avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs unless their manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority and alluding to work that has not been completed. State new hypotheses when warranted, but clearly label them as such. IV.A.7. Results Present your results in logical sequence in the text, tables, and illustrations, giving the main or most important findings first. Do not repeat in the text all the data in the tables or illustrations; emphasize or summarize only important observations. Extra or supplementary materials and technical detail can be placed in an appendix where it will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text; alternatively, it can be published only in the electronic version of the journal. IV.A.9. References IV.A.9.a. General Considerations Related to References Although references to review articles can be an efficient way of guiding readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers will often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. When data are summarized in the Results section, give numeric results not only as derivatives (for example, percentages) but also as the absolute numbers from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess its support. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid non-technical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as “random” (which implies a randomizing device), “normal,” “significant,” “correlations,” and “sample.” Avoid using abstracts as references. References to papers accepted but not yet published should be designated as “in press” or “forthcoming”; authors should obtain written permission to cite such papers as well as verification that they have Where scientifically appropriate, analyses of 141 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 IV.A.10. Tables been accepted for publication. Information from manuscripts submitted but not accepted should be cited in the text as “unpublished observations” with written permission from the source. Tables capture information concisely, and display it efficiently; they also provide information at any desired level of detail and precision. Including data in tables rather than text frequently makes it possible to reduce the length of the text. Avoid citing a “personal communication” unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, authors should obtain written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication. Type or print each table with double spacing on a separate sheet of paper. Number tables consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and supply a brief title for each. Do not use internal horizontal or vertical lines. Give each column a short or abbreviated heading. Authors should place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading. Explain in footnotes all nonstandard abbreviations. For footnotes use the following symbols, in sequence: Some journals check the accuracy of all reference citations, but not all journals do so, and citation errors sometimes appear in the published version of articles. To minimize such errors, authors should therefore verify references against the original documents. Authors are responsible for checking that none of the references cite retracted articles except in the context of referring to the retraction. For articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE, the ICMJE considers PubMed the authoritative source for information about retractions. *,†,‡,§,||,¶,**,††,‡‡ Identify statistical measures of variations, such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean. Be sure that each table is cited in the text. If you use data from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge them fully. IV.A.9.b. Reference Style and Format The Uniform Requirements style is based largely on an ANSI standard style adapted by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) for its databases. For samples of reference citation formats, authors should consult National Library of Medicine web site. Additional tables containing backup data too extensive to publish in print may be appropriate for publication in the electronic version of the journal. In that event an appropriate statement will be added to the text. Submit such tables for consideration with the paper so that they will be available to the peer reviewers. References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses. References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure. The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in Index Medicus. IV.A.11. Illustrations (Figures) Figures should be either professionally drawn and photographed, or submitted as photographic quality digital prints. In addition to requiring a version of the figures suitable for printing, this Journal asks authors for electronic files of figures in a format (e.g., JPEG or GIF) that will produce high quality images in the web version of the journal; authors should review the images of such files on a computer screen before submitting them, to be sure they meet their own quality standard. This Journal requires that the references from the Ayurvedic classics should be cited within parentheses in the text, i.e. ( Cha. Soo. 25/40). For x-ray films, scans, and other diagnostic images, as well as pictures of pathology specimens 142 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. or photomicrographs, send sharp, glossy, black-andwhite or color photographic prints, usually 127 x 173 mm (5 x 7 inches). Letters, numbers, and symbols on Figures should be clear and even throughout, and of sufficient size that when reduced for publication each item will still be legible. Figures should be made as self-explanatory as possible. Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends, however, not on the illustrations themselves. IV.B Sending the Manuscript to the Journal This Journal accepts electronic submission of manuscripts, whether on disk or attachments to electronic mail. Electronic submission saves time as well as postage costs, and allows the manuscript to be handled in electronic form throughout the editorial process (for example, when it is sent out for review). When submitting a manuscript electronically, authors should consult with the instructions for authors of the journal they have chosen for their manuscript. Photomicrographs should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in photomicrographs should contrast with the background. If photographs of people are used, either the subjects must not be identifiable or their pictures must be accompanied by written permission to use the photograph. Whenever possible permission for publication should be obtained. If a paper version of the manuscript is submitted, send the required number of 6 copies of the manuscript and figures; they are all needed for peer review and editing, and editorial office staff cannot be expected to make the required copies. Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order in which they have been first cited in the text. If a figure has been published, acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material. Permission is required irrespective of authorship or publisher except for documents in the public domain. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a cover letter, which should include the following information. l A full statement to the editor about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as redundant publication of the same or very similar work. Any such work should be referred to specifically, and referenced in the new paper. Copies of such material should be included with the submitted paper, to help the editor decide how to handle the matter. l A statement of financial or other relationships that might lead to a conflict of interest, if that information is not included in the manuscript itself or in an authors’ form l A statement that the manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, that the requirements for authorship as stated earlier in this document have been met, and that each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work, if that information is not provided in another form; and l The name, address, and telephone number of the corresponding author, who is responsible for communicating with the other authors about revisions and final approval of the proofs, if that IV.A.12. Legends for Illustrations (Figures) Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing, starting on a separate page, with Arabic numerals corresponding to the illustrations. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain each one clearly in the legend. Explain the internal scale and identify the method of staining in photomicrographs. IV.A.13. Units of Measurement Use only standard Units of Measurements. If some new measurements or scoring patterns are used they should be explained in detail in the text. IV.A.14. Abbreviations and Symbols Use only standard abbreviations; the use of non-standard abbreviations can be extremely confusing to readers. Avoid abbreviations in the title. The full term for which an abbreviation stands 143 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 information is not included on the manuscript itself. B. Other Sources of Biomedical Journals The letter should give any additional information that may be helpful to the editor, such as the type or format of article in the particular journal that the manuscript represents. If the manuscript has been submitted previously to another journal, it is helpful to include the previous editor’s and reviewers’ comments with the submitted manuscript, along with the authors’ responses to those comments. Editors encourage authors to submit these previous communications and doing so may expedite the review process. Yank V, Rennie D. Disclosure of researcher contributions: a study of original research articles in The Lancet. Ann Intern Med. 1999 Apr 20;130(8):661-70. 3. Flanagin A, Fontanarosa PB, DeAngelis CD. Authorship for research groups. JAMA. 2002;288:3166-68. 4. Peer Review in Health Sciences. F Jefferson. London: BMJ Books, 1999. 5. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2000 Dec 20;284(23):30435. 6. Pitkin RM, Branagan MA, Burmeister LF. Accuracy of data in abstracts of published research articles. JAMA. 1999 Mar 24-31;281(12):1110-1. 7. Patrias K. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991. Godlee, (WAME) Council of Science www.councilscienceeditors.org www.councilscienceeditors.org> (CSE) <http:// Editors www.cochrane.org The Mulford Library, Medical College www.mco.edu/lib/instr/libinsta.html www.mco.edu/lib/instr/libinsta.html> <http:// of Ohio <http:// “This is a reprint (with minor alterations according to the need of this Journal ) of the ICMJE Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. The editors of this Journals prepared this altered version. The ICMJE has neither endorsed nor approved the contents of this reprint. The ICMJE periodically updates the Uniform Requirements, so this reprint prepared on 1.1.2007 may not accurately represent the current official version at www.ICMJE.org <http://www.ICMJE.org>. The official version of the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals is located at www.ICMJE.org <http:// www.ICMJE.org>.” A. References Cited in this Document 2. to World Association of Medical Editors www.WAME.org <http://www.WAME.org> Cochrane Collaboration www.cochrane.org> V. References Davidoff F for the CSE Task Force on Authorship. Who’s the Author? Problems with Biomedical Authorship, and Some Possible Solutions. Science Editor. July-August 2000: Volume 23 - Number 4: 111-119. Related European Association of Science Editors (EASE) www.ease.org.uk <http://www.ease.org.uk> Copies of any permission to reproduce published material, to use illustrations or report information about identifiable people, or to name people for their contributions must accompany the manuscript. 1. Information T 144 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Annexure I Manuscript no. JOA/NIA/200 / Authorship Criteria and Responsibility Financial Disclosure, Acknowledgment and Copyright Transfer Form Manuscript Title : I/We certify that the manuscript represents valid work and that neither this manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my/our authorship has been published or is being considered for publication elsewhere. For papers with more than 1 author, We agree to allow the corresponding author to serve as the primary correspondent with the editorial office, to review the edited typescript and proof. I/We have seen and approved the submitted manuscript. All of us have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the contents. All the authors have made substantial contributions to the intellectual content of the paper and fulfil at least 1 condition for each of the 3 categories of contributions: i.e., Category 1 (conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data), Category 2 (drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content) and Category 3 (final approval of the version to be published). I/We also certify that all my/our affiliations with or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript are completely disclosed on the title page of the manuscript. My/our right to examine, analyze, and publish the data is not infringed upon by any contractual agreement. I/We certify that all persons who have made substantial contributions to the work reported in this manuscript (e.g., data collection, writing or editing assistance) but who do not fulfil the authorship criteria are named along with their specific contributions in an acknowledgment section in the manuscript. If an acknowledgment section is not included, no other persons have made substantial contributions to this manuscript. I/We also certify that all persons named in the acknowledgment section have provided written permission to be named. The author(s) undersigned hereby transfer(s), assign(s), or otherwise convey(s) all copyright ownership, including any and all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the Journal of Ayurveda, in the event that such work is published in Journal of Ayurveda. Authors’ name(s) in order of appearance in the manuscript. 1 . Name Signatures (date) 2. Name Signatures (date) 3. Name Signatures (date) 4. Name Signatures (date) 5. Name Signatures (date) 6. Name Signatures (date) 145 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Annexure II Manuscript Submission Checklist Submitted by: E-mail • Post • Both • Covering letter and submission : 1. Covering letter (in original) • 2. Copyright transfer form (in original) • 3. Illustrations (in original) • 4. Manuscript (E-mail/original) • 5. Category for which submitted • Presentation and Format : 1. Printed on A4 paper with 1" margins on all sides in double space. • 2. Abstract, text, acknowledgement, references, legends, tables starting on a new page. • 3. Title page contains the following: - Full title of the paper • - Initials, surname and highest degree of authors, affiliation • - Name of Departments/Institution • - Details of Corresponding Authors including e-mail • - Numbers in Arabic numerals. • 4. Abstract (Hindi and English) and Key words provided. • 5. “What this study adds” Box (only for research papers and short communications). • 6. References. • 7. Pages numbered consecutively. • Language and Grammar : 1. Uniform American English. • 2. Abbreviations spelt out in full for first time. • 3. Text arranged as per IMRAD format. • 4. Follows style of writing in Journal of Ayurveda. • 5. Conventional units used throughout manuscript. • Tables and Figures : 1. No repetition of data in Table/graphs and in text. • 2. Figures are black and white (except Images), good quality; with labels on back. • 3. Table numbers in roman numerals and Figure numbers in Arabic numerals. • 4. Correct symbols used for footnotes to tables. • 5. Figure legends provided. • 6. Patient privacy maintained • 146 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Short Communication AYURVEDA NEWS AND VIEWS *Dr. Rizwana Parveen National & Internal Seminars and Fairs l Ayurved College, Hospital & Research Centre, Wardha. 2nd Global Summit on Herbals & Natural Remedies, organized by OMICS International, Scientific Events. Date : 19th October, 2016. l Date : 17th to 19th October, 2016. l l l EWAC#2: The 2nd European World Ayurveda Congress, organized by European World Ayurveda Congress, Koblenz Date : 15th and 16th October, 2016. Date : 28th October, 2016. l National seminar on Ayurved Nidan: Challenges & Prospects, organized at Shri Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur. Date : 15th & 16th October, 2016. l l Tatwaprakashini-2016, organized at AVP Center for Advanced Learning Patanjalipuri. l National Seminar on “Hormonal Disorders and it’s Ayurvedic Management”, organized at Kurtkoti Sabhagruh, Shankaracharya Nyas Sankul, Nashik. Date : 2nd October, 2016. National “GCP Training” Workshop “Good Clinical Practices”, organized at Kbiper, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. l International Conference on Climate Change and Its Implications on Crop Production and Food Security, organized by Mahima Research Foundation & Social Welfare. Date : 12th and 13th November, 2016. National Seminar on “Concept of Manas and Manas Roga in Ayurvedic Samhita”, organized by Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. l World Congress on Drug Discovery & Development-2016, organized by J.N.Tata Auditorium Indian Institute Of Science Bengaluru. Date : 23rd to 25th November, 2016. SADHANAM-2016, organized by Ayurveda Academy, Bangalore. l Date : 17th to 27th October, 2016. l 19th International Conference On “Integrated Medicine For Perfect Health”, organized at Lucknow, India. Date : 4th to 6th November, 2016. Date : 8th October, 2016. l NAMSCON-2016: 56th Annual Conference, organized at All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur. Date : 21st to 23rd October, 2016. Date : 1st October, 2016. l Symposium on “Ayurveda Principles and Practice in Light of Contemporary Science”, organized at Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi. Date : 4th October, 2016. Date : 11th to 24th October, 2016. l Ayurveda for Prevention and Control of Diabetes, organized by Ministry of Ayush, New Delhi. CAME on Concept of Raktavaha Srotas-Clinical Perspective, organized by Mahatma Gandhi International Conference on Climate Change and its Implications on Crop Production and Food Security (ICCCICPFS), organized by Mahima Research Foundation & Social Welfare, *Sr. Research Fellow-Journal of Ayurveda, NIA, Jaipur 147 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Amaravati. Date : 29th November, 2016. Varanasi. l Date : 12th and 13th November, 2016. l l l UGC National Seminar on and Yoga, “Direction of Physical Education in the 21st Century”, organized by CHC Athletic Association. Date : 17th and 18th November, 2016. Date : 26th and 27th November, 2016. l 19th International Conference on Integrated Medicine for Perfect Health, organized at Indira Gandhi Pratishthan, Lucknow. Date : 4th to 6th November, 2016. l Date : 7th to 12th November, 2016. 19th International Conference on “Integrated Medicine for Perfect Health”, organized at Indira Gandhi Pratishthan (IGP), Lucknow. Date : 4th to 6th November, 2016. l International Marma Science and Marma Therapy Training Workshop, organized at Shri Mrityunjay Campus, Hardwar. Research Methods, Manuscript Writing and Career Opportunities in Ayurveda, organized by Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, New Delhi. Date : 15th to 17th November, 2016. l National Conference on Cardiology in Ayurveda, organized by Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & Research Centre, Wardha & DMIMS. Date : 17th and 18th November, 2016. l l l Workshop On Roadmap For Value Addition In Aromatic Crops: Optimizing Synergy Among Farmers, Government & Industry, organized by Fragrance & Flavour Development Centre. Date : 26th and 27th November, 2016. l ICMAP 2016 : 18th International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, organized at Penang, Malaysia. Date : 1st and 2nd December, 2016. l 7th World Ayurveda Congress And Arogya Expo, organized at Science City, Kolkata. Date : 1st to 4th December, 2016. l International Conference on Medicinal Plants and Management of Lifestyle Diseases, organized by Mahima Research Foundation & Social Welfare. Date : 20th to 24th November, 2016. l 5th Field Workshop on Medicinal Plants in Western Ghats, organized by Regional Medical Research Centre, Belagavi. Date : 23rd and 26th November, 2016. CME Programme for Medical Officers (Ayurveda), organized by North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homeopathy, Shillong. l Compendium of Kaumarabhritya-2016, organized by Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya & Hospital, Belgaum. Date : 17th and 18th December, 2016. l SAMSIDDHI-2016 : National Seminar on Dosha Pratyaneeka & Vyadhi Pratyaneeka Chikitsa, organized by Ayurveda College, Coimbatore. Date : 18th to 20th November, 2016. 4th International Conference On Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha & Traditional Medicine - 2016 (Icaust 2016), organized by Institute of Indigenous Medicine, Sri Lanka. Date : 8th to 10th December, 2016. l Training on Kerala Panchakarma based on Ashtavaidya Tradition, organized by Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda Foundation, Kerala. Date : 14th to 19th November, 2016. Sampraharsha-2016 : National Conference and Workshop on Vajikarana, organized by Shri B. M. Kankanwadi Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum. Date : 29th December 2016 to 1st January 2017. l Workshop on Syllabus of Kaumarbhrityatantra of Third Year BAMS, organized by Shri Gurudev Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, ICRACH-2016 : 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Cognition and Health, organized by Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. 148 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda Date : 19th to 21st December 2016. l Tantra”, organized by Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College, Hospital & Research Centre, Wardha. Date : 30th December 2016. National Seminar on Role of Ayurveda in RaktaPradoshaja Vikaras, organized by Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Bed-wetting in Children: Causes & Ayurvedic treatment Date : 10th and 11th December 2016. l Bed wetting (nocturnal enuresis) in children, is a condition when a child passes urine unknowingly during sleep at night. Generally babies urinate round the clock, and later make a transition into urinating during waking hours only. Majority of toddlers stay dry all night by age four. Beyond age five, one out of five still wets the bed, but at six, the numbers drop to just one in ten, and by the time children reach puberty bed-wetting stops completely. If a child continues to bed-wet beyond the age five, parents are advised to discuss the matter with the doctor about the possible cause and treatment. Application for CME Program for Teachers in Panchakarma, organized by Rashtriya Ayurved Vidyapeeth, New Delhi. Date : 12th to 17th December 2016. l Ayurvision 2016: National Conference on Holistic Approach to Lifestyle Disorders, organized at Interact hall, KMC Manipal. Date : 13th and 14th December 2016. l Indo-European Seminar on Ayurveda, organized by Ayurclinic Goa - Ayurveda speciality center. Common causes for bed-wetting: Date : 18th December 2016. l An early attempt for bladder training, excessive fluid intake during late evening, delayed bladder maturation, excessive sweet foods at night, excess sleep, emotional immaturity, conflict between parents or among siblings, sense of insecurity, nightmares, stress or anxiety, urinary tract infection or diabetes are various reasons for bed-wetting in children. National Seminar on Peoples’ Health and Quality Of Life In India, organized by Indian Academy Of Social Sciences and University Of Mysore. Date : 19th to 23rd December 2016. l Workshop on Personality Development and Career Building-2016, organized by Department Of Vikriti Vigyan and Vishwa Ayurved Parishad. Studies have also shown that often, parents of children who bed-wet had also faced the same problem during their younger days. So the reason for bed wetting may be hereditary too. Date : 7th to 9th December 2016. l Treatment methods 11th National Symposium on “Noni and Medicinal Plants for Health and Livelihood Security”, organized by WNRF, ISNS, Chennai & ICAR-IISR, ICAR-CISH, Lucknow. It is better to first find out if the reason for bed wetting is physical or emotional, and should be correctly treated. Initially, try taking some precautionary measures like not giving too much water or fluids close to bed time, ensuring that the child urinates before going to bed, and to make the child wake up in the night at least once to visit the toilet. Date : 3rd and 4th December 2016. l Alumni Meet-2016 & National Seminar on Role of Ayurveda in Health Management of India, organized by Puratan Chhatra Ayurved Mahavidyalaya & Chikitsalaya Varanasi Kalyan Samiti. If the reason behind bed wetting is psychological, counselling should form the main course of treatment. Firstly, do not make the child feel guilty about it, else, they will continue to wet more and more. They should be told that it is only a temporary problem, and can be brought under Date : 17th December 2016. l State Level CME on “Role of Parasurgical Procedures and Kriyakalpa in Shalya-Shalakya 149 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 by being angry or acting disgusted. Try to be supportive and encouraging, as far as possible. control. To encourage the child, reward the child when he/she does not wet the bed, as it would boost her confidence. Five Power herbs for women from Ayurveda Ayurvedic medicines In ancient days, women largely relied on natural products like herbal pastes and powders for their health and beauty care. Today, women have gone back to the age old traditions, and prefer home remedies and natural products, to fancy brands and synthetic chemical-based products. This is because they have noticed that herbal formulations can tackle several chronic conditions, and are also quite affordable. Particularly, in India, there is rich flora and the treasure trove of Ayurveda that comes to their rescue. Ayurveda suggests de-worming as in many cases, treatment for intestinal worms have provided relief. Medicinal herbs such as Shilajit, Khadira, Hareetaki, Guggulu, Shati, Haridra, Chandraprabha vati, Triphala choorna, can provide relief. Sarshapa in powdered form is advised with half a cup of milk at bed time. Most Ayurvedic remedies to treat bed-wetting aim to strengthen the nervous system and urinary tract. Ayurvedic Home remedies Listed here, are five effective herbs that help in overall well-being of women. If constipation is the cause of bed wetting, then treatment for constipation should be adopted as a patient’s bowels should be clear, so that it does not put undue pressure on the bladder, and to avoid problems of intestinal worms. Food that cause constipation and spicy food should be avoided. Guduchi Guduchi (Scientific name: Tinospora Cordifolia), commonly known as Giloy, is found in abundance in India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar. Being rich in antioxidants, they have anti-ageing properties too. The best way to consume this is to use a powder made from stem of the Guduchi herb. The powder can be mixed in water and honey, and consumed. A pinch of turmeric, with 2 pinch of Amla (Indian gooseberry) powder can be taken together with honey twice a day, for effective relief from bed wetting. Fresh juice of the root of Bimbi (coccine fruit) can be mixed (2 -3 ml) in 3-4ml of honey and administered to children. Guduchi helps people with diabetes, although it should be taken only under medical supervision. In Ayurveda, the herb is used for treatment of various infections, fevers, urinary tract disorders, digestive disorders, and water-borne diseases like jaundice. A mixture of jiggery, black sesame seeds and celery seeds can be added to a cup of milk and offered to the child every morning, as the mixture has warming effect on the body. Therefore, this is best given during winter time, when bed wetting is frequent. The extract of the herb is a good tonic for liver, improves vision, reduces stress, treats cough and cold, and cures stomach disorders. It also increases platelet count, and is therefore excellent in treating cases of dengue too. For women particularly, it helps conditions like PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome). Mix oak bark, barberry and horsetail in small amounts in a pan of boiling water, and boil this for about two hours at low speed. You can give this herbal tea to your child twice a day and a cup of tea an hour before bed time. Consuming this herbal tea on regular basis will reduce bed wetting issues considerably. Wheatgrass Wheatgrass is rich in vitamins A, B-complex, C, E, K and helps improve immunity. It is noticed that anaemia is more common in women than in men, and wheatgrass can help in cases of iron deficiency. Due to the presence of chlorophyll in Note: It is very important for parents to understand that children do not bed-wet intentionally. They have no control over this situation, and hence, do not make them feel guilty 150 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Journal of Ayurveda menopause. Shatavari is also an immunity booster, and is excellent in boosting energy levels. Half to one teaspoon of Shatavari can be mixed with warm milk and add honey to taste for consumption. However, women with estrogen-sensitive tumours should avoid this herb. Also, people taking diuretic drugs should avoid Shatavari, as the herb is a powerful diuretic. large quantities, Wheatgrass helps in improving haemoglobin levels in the body. Wheatgrass is also rich in proteins and amino acids. Wheatgrass can be consumed as fresh juice, or taken in powdered form. But, wheatgrass may cause nausea, appetite loss and constipation in some people. Therefore, pregnant and lactating women are advised to consult their gynaecologist before consuming wheatgrass. 6 effective Ayurvedic remedies with Tea Tree Oil Drumstick leaves Tea Tree oil has grown in popularity in recent times, as majority of people these days, prefer herbal and ayurvedic treatments over chemicalbased products for most common ailments. The antibacterial, antimicrobial and antiseptic properties of Tea Tree oil are well-known, and therefore, it proves to be an all-round beneficial product for overall good health of an individual. Drumstick leaves (muringa as it is popularly called) is a nutrient-rich herb, rich in vitamin C and beta carotene. It has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cholesterol lowering properties, and is a natural energy booster. It can be added to regular food when cooking, or infused as tea. Drumstick leaves helps improve haemoglobin levels, increases milk production in lactating mothers, and is good for bone health. Unlike what its name suggest, Tea Tree oil is not extracted from tea leaves or tea oil. Rather, this magical product is extracted from leaves and twigs of tea tree through a process of steam distillation. The plant is considered an all-cure miraculous plant since ancient days. Lodhra Another powerful herb, that women should consider exploring, is Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa Roxb). Being a good coagulant, it is used to stop bleeding. Therefore, it is used in treatment of bleeding disorders like bleeding wounds and gums. Lodhra is particularly beneficial in cases of uterus inflammation. It supports women during heavy menstrual discharge and leucorrhoea. It helps in maintaining health and strength of uterus during pregnancy, and also helps prevent miscarriage. It is never an exaggeration to say that Tea Tree Oil is a miraculous product for health ailments. This medicinal extract has worked wonders for human health time and again, and is believed to treat majority of infections and boosts immune system. Apart from major health issues, it also helps in treating skin and hair related issues. Ayurveda makes use of tea tree and its essential oil for treating several infectious diseases and respiratory disorders including Asthma, Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, venomous bites, acne, psoriasis, dermatitis, and other skin problems. Ayurvedic treatment begins with identifying the unique individual constitution, made up of three energy elements known as doshas, including vata, pitta and kapha dosha. Tea tree essential oil is believed to have equal effects on all three doshas, given, its cooling and moisturizing energies. Therefore, Tea tree oil is considered to be extremely beneficial for skin, respiratory system and nervous system. Lodhra is also beneficial as a beauty agent, and hence is used in face packs and anti-acne formulations, given its astringent properties. Lodhra helps in treatment of ulcers, eye infections, diarrhoea, dry eyes, and in conjunctivitis. Pregnant and lactating women should seek advice from their doctors before consuming Lodhra. Shatavari Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus) is beneficial for women of reproductive age. Shatavari seals its place in Ayurveda as a powerful herb in formulations meant to strengthen the female reproductive system. It helps in hormonal balance, and helps women transition peacefully into 151 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com Journal of Ayurveda Vol.X No.4 Oct-Dec 2016 Dandruff and lice: Among major hair problems that spoil the health of hair are dandruff and lice. Tea Tree Oil, being an effective fungicidal and antimicrobial oil, helps fight against dandruff causing agents and nourishes dry scalp and kills head lice. Two drops of tea tree oil can be added to regular shampoo or hair wash and massaged gently onto the scalp. In Ayurveda, Tea Tree Oil has been used as an antiseptic bactericide since primeval times. This is due to its effectiveness in treating various skin ailments, given its fungicidal, antimicrobial, disinfectant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antiviral properties. Treatment of wounds & Scars: Tea Tree oil (2 drops) is mixed with Jojoba oil (15 drops) and applied on acne or wounds for quicker healing and visible results. This blend is also effective on scars left by accidents, pox, acne, surgical and stretch mark. Boosts immunity: Tea tree oil strengthens immunity and makes your body resistant against the effects of all kind of infections. Topical application of 2 drops of tea tree oil, with 10 drops coconut oil can treat psoriasis, bed sores, wounds, boils, insect bites, abscess, diaper rashes, cold sores, dermatitis, herpes, genito-urinary infections, cystitis, vaginal thrush, deep wounds and ear infections. Treatment of respiratory disorders: Tea tree oil is used largely in treatment of viral infections like cold, cough, and other respiratory disorders like bronchitis, sinusitis asthma, tuberculosis, and pharyngitis. Being a good expectorant, it loosens phlegm and mucous deposits that cause breathing difficulties. Tea tree oil is considered as ‘liquid gold’ due to its effectiveness in treating multiple health problems including rheumatic pain, oral infections, bad breath, candida, flea bites, cankers, warts, ticks, sunburn, mosquito bites and what not! However, consult your Ayurvedic practitioner before using it for your health condition and individual body type. Tea tree oil can be added to warm bath water, or two to three drops of the oil can be used during steam inhalation to open blocked nasal passages and treat congestion and headache. The oil can also be directly massaged on to chest, neck and back at bed time for significant relief. Treatment of nervous disorders: Tea tree oil has a warm, spicy, and yet refreshing fragrance that pacifies and inspires the mind. Therefore, Ayurveda believes that tea tree oil can soothe mind and body when dealing with anxiety, fear, fatigue, or shock. Subscription Details Single Issue : For a good relaxation, massage your body with tea tree oil (five drops), blended with coconut oil (40 to 45 drops). This can lift up your mood, relax muscles, strengthen your emotions and alleviate stress. Else, tea tree oil (3 drops) can be added to your diffuser to clear your mind and render a fresh feeling. Rs. 100/- (for Individuals in India) Rs. 150/- (for Institutions in India) $ 80 (for Foreign Individuals) $ 100 (for Foreign Institutions) Annual : Rs.400/-(for Individuals in India) Treatment of Athlete’s Foot: Tea Tree oil has been shown to fight the fungus that leads to all types of skin infection including athlete’s foot and jock itch. Combine tea tree oil (5 drops) with any carrier oil like almond oil (5 drops), and drop these into a cotton ball and apply on the skin, or just mix it in the palm of your hand and apply twice daily to treat fungal infection. Rs.600/-(for Institutions in India) $ 240 (for Foreign Individuals) $ 400 (for Foreign Institutions) Demand draft to be made in favour of “Director, NIA, JAIPUR 152 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

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