Understanding the epidemiology of COVID-19

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2020

Ifemed Journal, 2022

In December, 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in Wuhan, China. The origin is believed to have been a seafood market in the province. What begun as a few cases of severe acute pneumonia, metamorphosed into a global epidemic, becoming declared as a public health emergency by the World Health Organization on January 31, 2020 (1). The epidemic did not only test the limit of our medical capabilities; but also of global leadership, human ingenuity and public adherence to governance. All of these have played a role in the success or failure to curtail the virus. In the last two decades, SARS-CoV-2, is the third member of the coronaviridae family to have burst onto the public scene as an epidemic; after the SARS-CoV of 2002 and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) of 2012 (2). Although SARS-CoV-2 is significantly more transmissible than its predecessors, it has a much lower fatality rate (2). As at May 6, 2022, there have been 513,995,910 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, including 6,249,700 deaths, according to the World Health Organization. In this review, we aim to review the epidemiology, origin, transmission, prevention and treatment of COVID-19, as well as prosper about overcome future pandemics.

Journal of Current Biomedical Reports

This review provides an insight into the Elementary idea of COVID-19 and also provides the urrent situation and represents a picture of the current state of the art in terms of public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness. At the end of 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei, China) a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged. A few weeks later, in January 2020, a novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as causative agent for that observed pneumonia cluster after deep

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2021

December 2019 was marked by the emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, which causes a variety of symptoms, commonly known as COVID-19. The high contagiousness, rapid worldwide spread and case fatality rate have led to a sharp increase in number of infected persons and related deaths, which subsequently resulted in the recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. SARS-CoV-2 is an ongoing challenge not only for the healthcare professional but also for the general population. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the currently available data on COVID-19 regarding the origins, pathogenesis and epidemiology.

2020

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide.ObjectiveTo study the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, we included 57 real-time RT-PCR confirmed patients in Baodi area of Tianjin, China, admitted to hospital from 31 January 2020 and 22 February 2020.MethodsEpidemiological, demographic, clinical, and radiological features and laboratory data were analyzed. Patients were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR with pharyngeal swab and/or sputum samples. Some patients that presented positive results with sputum samples yielded negative results with multiple swab tests, suggesting sputum samples RT-PCR tests may be a more reliable means of positively diagnosing infected individuals.ResultsOf the 57 patients studied, three were mild and 54 were moderate in severity. None of the patients infected traveled to Wuhan indicating all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. The most...

University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, 2021

On 31 December 2019, the cases of pneumonia caused by unknown etiology had emerged. These cases were reported in Wuhan city, Hubei Province of China. Chinese authorities identified the causative agent and announced to be a novel coronavirus. The tentative name of disease is COVID-19, abbreviating of coronavirus disease-19. The incubation period of the disease ranges from 2 to 14 days, however, 80% of the patients have mild or asymptomatic illness while 15 % and 5% of the patients had exhibited sever and critical cases respectively. The etiology of COVID-19 was known as SARS-CoV-2 and belongs to betacoranviruse as reported by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) especially Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG). In addition, this virus is currently believed to be within bat-coronaviruses besides it possesses a close relationship with SARS-CoV more than MERS-CoV. Although, the majority of the diagnosed patients had symptoms, there were asymptomatic persons who can spread...

American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice, 2020

Purpose: To carefully review and understand the cause, distribution, progression, determinants and deterrents of COVID-19. Methodology: Peer reviewed data relevant to study was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, WHO database, Research gate and Wikipedia based on pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings: Covid-19 is a principally respiratory illness caused by the novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV2). It started as an epidemic in Wuhan, China in December 2019, became a pandemic in March 2020 and have now infected almost 22 million people over 216 countries causing about three-quarter of a million deaths. It spreads primarily through droplets, aerosols or contact with contaminated surfaces. Illness is usually mild to moderate flu-like symptoms but can be asymptomatic as well as severe especially in patients with underlying co-morbidities. Testing can either be antigen based through polymerase chain reaction or antibody based. Treatment is generally supportive while the efficac...

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020

SARS CoV2 infects the people worldwide and causes a disease named Covid19. It has been first discovered in Wuhan city of central China. Chinese people are presented with severe lung inflammatory pneumonia. No definite cause of their disease could be found, or they could not be cured by conventional anti-viral treatment. The market shoppers and buyers are infected at first through the evolution of any animal sold in the wholesale market of Huanan seafood in Wuhan city. Later, Chinese scientists are able to detect this new type of coronavirus through lab tests. SARS CoV2 has been first transmitted from animals to humans, it is currently able to transmit from human to human. So far, no specific medicine or vaccine has been developed for the disease; therefore, there is no way to cure the disease without intensive treatment at the hospital. This narrative review is written based on SARS CoV2 viral infection. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020; 7(Suppl_1):S32-S35