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Total Quality Management (TQM) is managing people and business processes to ensure complete customer satisfaction at every stage. As building projects get large and becoming complex, clients are requiring a higher quality standard for project delivery with lower construction cost. This study intends to assess the constraint and challenges in the implementation of TQM of construction companies. The cross-sectional research design is used for this study and the population entails construction professionals in indigenous and expatriate construction companies in Nigeria. Random sampling procedure was used to select the respondents. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed and 30 was retrieved and used for the analysis. It gives a response rate of 60%.Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) 17 th version is used to analyse using descriptive statistic and the Relative Importance Index(RII) of the level of importance of the factors were calculated. From the study is show that the factors affecting the implementation of TQM are management commitment factors, the role of quality department and training and education. The challenges of TQM are lack of available quality system documentation, lack of understanding of the process requirement and high cost to implement TQM. In conclusion, Nigeria construction companies do not have quality control and assurance manual that will be a guide to monitor the quality of the end products as such most projects are abandoned as a result of poor quality workmanship. It was therefore recommended that Nigeria construction companies should develop a framework for the purpose of quality standard and for them to compete with their counterpart globally.
Academia Letters, 2021
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Hatezerötszáz éves zsendülő isten ligatúra egy kirgiz leány ruháján, 2024
Egy szép kirgiz leány ruháján a magyar hieroglif írás két jeléből összeállított zsen ten "zsendülő/feltámadó isten" ligatúra olvasható. A kirgizeknél sok hasonló hieroglifa (ősvallási kötődésű szójel) található például szőnyegbe szőve. Ez a ligatúra a magyar és a kirgiz nép közös öröksége a hun/kusán korszakból, netán a kb. 6500 éves anaui kultúrából, vagy a környezetéből (e tájon született meg az Árpádház genomja is a Kásler Miklós és társai által végzett genetikai kutatás szerint). Ugyanezt a ligatúrát megtaláljuk a Bakay Kornél által Somogyváron kiásott ezüstgyűrűn és magyar hímes tojásokon is.
The last six years of insurgency, rebellion, and war have eroded territorial state sovereignty in Iraq and Syria. The scale and savagery of the war have transformed Sunni-Shia sectarianism into a zero-sum politics of survival. In other words, residents of Iraq and Syria have been forced to choose between Sunnis and Shia in order to survive. This essay explains how the diverging interests of foreign actors—Iran, the Islamic State and other Salafi-Jihadi foreign fighters, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United States—prolonged the war, providing the time and space for the belligerents in Iraq and Syria to weaponize sectarianism.
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Hamidou Diawara, Seydou B. Traoré, Oulématou Traoré, Bouramadiè Coulibaly, 2022
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