Analyst417-420

Materials

Despite the fact that the electrochemical biosensors based on glucose oxidase represent the golden standard for the management of diabetes, the elaboration of nonenzymatic sensors became extensively studied as an out-of-the-box concept that aims to simplify the existing approach. An important point of view is represented by the low price of the sensing device that has positive effects for both end-users and healthcare systems. The enzyme-free sensors based on low-cost materials such as transition metals have similar analytical properties to the commercial ones while eliminating the issues associated with the presence of the enzyme, such as the stability issues and limited shelf-life. The development of nanoporous nanomaterials for biomedical applications and electrocatalysis was referred to as an alternative to the conventional methods due to their enlarged area, electrical properties, ease of functionalization and not least to their low cost. Herein, we report the development of an...

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2007

Electroanalysis, 2015

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023

This review discusses the most current developments and future perspectives in enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensors, which have notably evolved over the preceding quadrennial period. Furthermore, a thorough exploration encompassed the sensor's intricate fabrication processes, the diverse range of materials employed, the underlying principles of detection, and an in-depth assessment of the sensors' efficacy in detecting glucose levels within essential bodily fluids such as human blood serums, urine, saliva, and interstitial fluids. It is worth noting that the accurate quantification of glucose concentrations within human blood has been effectively achieved by utilizing classical enzymatic sensors harmoniously integrated with optical and electrochemical transduction mechanisms. Monitoring glucose levels in various mediums has attracted exceptional attention from industrial to academic researchers for diabetes management, food quality control, clinical medicine, and bioprocess inspection. There has been an enormous demand for the creation of novel glucose sensors over the past ten years. Research has primarily concentrated on succeeding biocompatible and enhanced sensing abilities related to the present technologies, offering innovative avenues for more effective glucose sensors. Recent developments in wearable optical and electrochemical sensors with low cost, high stability, point-of-care testing, and online tracking of glucose concentration levels in biological fluids can aid in managing and controlling diabetes globally. New nanomaterials and biomolecules that can be used in electrochemical sensor systems to identify glucose concentration levels are developed thanks to advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors have garnered much interest recently and have made significant strides in detecting glucose levels. In this review, we summarise several categories of non-enzymatic glucose sensor materials, including composites, non-precious transition metals and their metal oxides, hydroxides, precious metals and their alloys, carbon-based materials, conducting polymers, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrocatalysts, and wearable device-based glucose sensors deeply.

2015

Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India E-mail : anirmalagrace@vit.ac.in Research & Advanced Engineering Division (Materials), Renault Nissan Technology & Business Center India (P) Ltd., Chennai, India E-mail : balapraveen2000@yahoo.com The sheet-like NiO nanostructures were prepared by a simple chemical precipitation method. The structure, morphology and composition of the product were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDAX analysis. The modified NiO ns/ GCE was successfully employed as a sensor for glucose in alkaline medium based on the catalytic activity of the Ni<sup>II</sup>/ Ni<sup>III</sup> centre and the electrochemical properties of the prepared nanostructures were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. The proposed sensor exhibited high catalytic activity towards glucose, high sensitivity with a linear range up...

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2013

Currently, there is a great demand for the development and improvement of glucose sensors for significance in biomedical applications. Special attention is given to the discussion on some problems and bottlenecks in areas of non-enzymatic and enzymatic (glucose oxidase based) amperometric glucose sensing. The evolution of first to third generation electrochemical glucose sensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. In order to meet special needs, a move towards non-enzymatic glucose sensors has begun. These new sensors have garnered significant interest due to their capacity to achieve continuous glucose monitoring, their high stability compared to traditional glucose sensors, and the ease of their fabrication. Research has been extensively geared towards the preparation of these non-enzymatic glucose sensors from novel materials, often with nanostructures, which possess ideal properties for electrochemical sensor applications. In the recent report of nanotechnology research, unique nanostructures and techniques have been used to bring innovative developments to current glucose sensors. However, there are still a lot of challenges ahead with respect to utilization in the human body, before the commercialization of these techniques is possible. Most glucose sensors based on novel materials have been limited due to their poor biocompatibility, high cost, and very time intensive preparation processes.This review discussed the selective reports on the fabrication and recent developments of enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensors and their future challenges during the period spanning mid of 2006 to beginning of 2016.

Herein, a facile one step synthesis of Ni–Cu supported on TiO 2 alloy nanoparticles through the polyol method, which reflect high catalytic performance in enzymeless electrochemical glucose sensing and applied onto glassy carbon, is reported. The morphology imaging and physical properties of the Ni–Cu/TiO 2 nanocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical studies/characterizations of glucose oxidation were realised in a basic medium and the new sensor was found to be a better electrochemical glucose sensor than Ni/TiO 2 /Ti and CuO/TiO 2 /Ti modified electrodes. The fabricated sensor was highly sensitive (719.9 µA mM-1 cm-2), had a wide linear range (from 0.1 to 6 mM), selective and tolerant towards endogenous species, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, acetaminophen and sodium chloride.

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society

Chemosensors, 2014