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2013, TJPRC
“The main objective of this Article is to throw light on the Importance of SEZ’s in India in general and major issues. Industrial policy resolution of April, 1948 contemplated a mixed economy, reserving a sphere for the private sector and public sector. Protectionism and Control system was followed up to 1991. If the SEZ policy is to provide a real economic input, especially in the form of erection of world – class infrastructure, the minimum size for multi-product, multi-service, and sector, specific zones should be much higher, compatible with International norms. Current phenomenon of mushrooming of small SEZ’s largely of IT/ITES only in and around major cities”.
This introductory article describes the salient features of the Indian embodiment of the model Chinese SEZ, how it evolved and what the various steps are in making an Indian SEZ function: from submitting an application and receiving a Letter of Approval for the establishment of an SEZ to getting the authorised operations and particular units sanctioned. The SEZs are tax-free enclaves for investors from India and abroad. As the Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh, said: " SEZs are here to stay ". The Indian government and the state governments are now finding that it is not enough to promulgate modern laws luring foreign direct investment into India, but that they also have to provide for the concerns and the livelihoods of those affected by the establishment of SEZs. " The current promotion of SEZs is unjust and would act as a trigger for massive social unrest, which may even take the form of armed struggle. "
ABSTACT Special Economic Zone (SEZ) " refers to designated areas in countries with special economic regulations that differ from other areas in the same country. A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which business and trade laws are different from rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include: increased trade, increased investment, job creation and effective administration. To encourage businesses to set up in the zone, financial policies are introduced. SEZs are zones intended to facilitate rapid economic growth by leveraging tax incentives to attract foreign dollars and technological advancement. objectives of special economic zone (SEZ) are Generation of additional economic activity; Promotion of exports of goods and services; Promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources; Creation of employment opportunities; Development of infrastructure facilities, Special economic zones are initiating for International business , International trade, The objective of the SEZ Act was to create a hassle-free regime and the rules would be formulated keeping this in mind. The ministry is also holding talks with state governments as they have to play an important role in the development of SEZs. government initiatives to encourage foreign investors to invest in special economic zones (SEZ) suggestions for effective functioning of special economic zones (SEZ). Under the WTO regime, the global economies are better integrated and liberalised to face the emerging competition under the free trade regime. Therefore, sustaining the SEZ development and thereby increase exports in the competitive environment has to be a core part of development agenda, especially in developing countries. Key words: Special Economic Zone; Special Economic Fund; Opportunities; Government Initiatives;
Designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations that are different from other areas in the same country. Moreover, these regulations tend to contain measures that are conducive to foreign direct investment. Conducting business in a SEZ usually means that a company will receive tax incentives and the opportunity to pay lower tariffs. While many countries have set up special economic zones, China has been the most successful in using SEZ to attract foreign capital. In fact, China has even declared an entire province (Hainan) to be an SEZ, which is quite distinct, as most SEZs are cities. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can be compared to their predecessors, Free Trade Zones and Export Processing Zones, in that they are aimed at stimulating foreign direct investment (FDI) and rapid, export-led, industrial growth. The essential characteristic of such schemes is that they allow the bypassing of particular social legislation or tax provisions which are perceived to be an impediment to progress or the competitiveness of an export-oriented activity. SEZs have shown a dramatic rate of growth with total exports of Rs. 996,890 million during the financial year 2008-09, a growth of 50% over the exports for the same period of the previous year. Exports in the first three quarters of the 2009-10 financial years registered a growth rate of about 127% over the corresponding period of the previous financial year (MOCI, 2010).
This article deals with issues pertaining to the Special Economic Zones in India. Indian Government has announced SEZ policy in 2000 with an intention to promote FDI, Indian export & fostering the infrastructural development in India. The framed policy is quite rational & logical but many economist doubt the practicability of the policy. The article describes the facilities & obligations involved under the SEZ schemes, It also deals with the incentives offered to the SEZ units. Finally, the writer has thrown light on the major economic and social issues involved in establishing the SEZs. A Word of caution in the form of suggestions has been put forward in the article.
The Impact of Special Economic Zones in India : A Case Study of Polepally SEZ - Commercial Pressures on Land
The Impact of Special Economic Zones in India : A Case Study of Polepally SEZSpecial Economic Zones in India are areas declared as quasi foreign territory in which private enterprises can benefit from a lucrative package of tax and regulatory exemptions. Claimed to promote exports and foreign exchange earnings, they are also criticised as merely encouraging the relocation of existing firms, causing a loss of tax revenue and the undermining of workers' rights. This study provides an overview of the national-level controversy surrounding SEZs, based on a detailed account of the acquisition process and impacts of one SEZ in Polepally, Andhra Pradesh. The case of Polepally reveals how governments respond to increasing commercial pressures on land resources by acting as agents for commercial and outside interests, by making land available to them through forced acquisition.
International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR)
Analyzing Growth and Distribution of Special Economic Zones in India2018 •
Special economic zone (SEZ) is a geographically delimited area which is physically secured, has single management and administrative unit and duty free environment (Zeng, 2015). In India SEZs established to solve the problem of infrastructural deficiency, complex business procedure, bureaucratic hassles and barriers raised by monetary, trade, fiscal, taxation, tariff and labour policies (Doharmann, 2008). SEZ in India was conceived by the Commerce and Industries Minister Murosoli Maran during a visit to Special Economic Zone in China in 1999. The scheme was announced at the time of annual review of Export Import Policies from 1.4.2000. The basic idea is to establish the zone as area where economic activities could take place free from all rules and regulations and to give them operational flexibility. So this paper aims at analyzing establishment of SEZ in India and to assess their spatial and sectoral distribution. To fulfill this objective data related to notification, establishment of SEZs, spatial and sectoral distribution of SEZs and contribution of SEZs in Indian GDP are collected from different sources such as Development Commissioner of SEZ and ministry of commerce and industries on temporal basis. These data are tabulated in MS Excel, where analysis part is carried out. The whole research is based on descriptive research and comparative study and analytical logic developed through the understandings from various research papers, reports, books, journals, newspapers and online data bases. Simple growth rate is calculated to show the temporal change in approval of SEZs in India. It is found in this study that SEZs causes uneven geographical developments in India. Recent developments of SEZs suggest that advanced state and city regions have attracted much of the investment in SEZs like Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Gujarat and Haryana have attracted a large number of SEZs in comparison to other states while under-developed areas have been ignored by the SEZ developers. In the sector-wise composition of SEZs, majority of IT/ITES SEZs are either formally approved or notified. However, as far as SEZs in principle are concerned, the numbers of Multi-product SEZs are greater as compared to other categories of SEZs. Typewise distribution of SEZs provides that most of the SEZs belong to the category of IT/ITES, but a large area is allocated to multi-product SEZs. Size-wise distribution of SEZs shows that maximum numbers of SEZs are either tiny or small. But most of the area is allocated to large SEZs. It has also been observed that most of the tiny SEZs carry out IT/ITES activities and almost all the large size SEZs are Multi-product SEZs. It is evident from the analysis that SEZs contributes in the export and GDP of India.
Special Economic zone in Historical Perspective and its near future
Unfurling the Myth Of Special Economic Zones in India2019 •
The paper tries to unfurl the true colors of the so called liberal economic development and shows the actual effect it has on the people ,particularly on the rural population .The degradation whether it be environmental or human resources, the paper throws light on the unproductive aspect of such a productive venture and corroborates it with facts.
The Immanent Frame
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