G Model CASE REPORT – OPEN ACCESS IJSCR 1318 1–2 International Journal of Surgery Case Reports xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Surgery Case Reports journal homepage: www.casereports.com Inguinal Hydatid cyst in a child: A rare case report 1 Sajad A Wani ∗ , Aejaz A Baba, Nisar A Bhat, Raashid Hamid, Gowher N Mufti 2 Q2 3 Q3 Department of Paediatric Surgery, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India 4 5 17 a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t 6 7 8 9 10 11 Article history: Received 9 February 2015 Received in revised form 22 March 2015 Accepted 25 March 2015 Available online xxx 12 16 Keywords: Hydatid cyst Inguinal canal Groin swelling 18 1. Introduction 13 14 15 Q4 INTRODUCTION: Hydatid disease is a common health problem in developing countries and liver and lungs are the most commonly involved organs. Hydatid cyst in inguinal canal is very rare and no case in children has been reported in literature. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a four year male child with right inguinal swelling with occasional pain and gradually increase in size. The diagnosis of lipoma of the cord was made. Up on inguinal exploration, coincidently Hydatid cyst was detected. Postoperatively histopathological examination (HPE) of the cyst confirmed the diagnosis of Hydatid disease and patient was put on albendazole therapy for three months. DISCUSSION: Hydatid disease is very rare in the inguinal canal and no case in children has been reported. In adults fewer than five cases has been reported and is usually coincidently detected during surgical exploration, as was in our case. Ultrasonography, CT, MRI and other serological tests may help in preoperative diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In endemic areas, patients with progressive enlarging groin swelling, possibility of Hydatid cyst should be kept in mind and should be operated as early as possible. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Surgical Associates Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 24 Echinococcus granulosus infestation has world wide distribution particularly in areas where sheep are raised [1]. Almost every organ of the body has been involved from head to toe and in our case it was present in inguinal canal. Less than five cases of Hydatid cyst in the inguinal canal in adults but no case in children has been reported so far. 25 2. Case report 19 20 21 22 23 A 4 year male child was admitted in our department as a case of right inguinal swelling with on and off pain and gradually increase in size. The swelling was irreducible. Ultrasonography of the groin 28 was showing a cystic lesion in the right groin and normal on left 29 side. The diagnosis of lipoma of the cord was made. All the baseline 30 investigations were normal. Patient was planned for right inguinal 31 exploration, which revealed a cystic swelling in the hernial sac. 32 On opening of the sac, this cystic swelling was Hydatid mem33 34Q5 brane which was removed and sac was ligated high up [Fig. 1]. Through washes of the wound with scolicidal agent was done and 35 wound was closed back. Postoperatively USG abdomen and pelvis 36 was unremarkable. HPE of the Hydatid membrane confirmed the 37 26 27 Fig. 1. diagnosis of Hydatid disease and patient was put on albendazole chemotherapy for three months. 3. Discussion ∗ Corresponding author at: Married doctors Hostel A- Block, Room no. -F5, SKIMS Soura, Srinagar Pin 190011, India. Tel.: +91 9596310531. E-mail address: ahmadsajadwani@gmail.com (S.A. Wani). Hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus is very rare in the inguinal canal and human are accidental intermediate hosts. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.050 2210-2612/© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Surgical Associates Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: S.A. Wani, et al., Inguinal Hydatid cyst in a child: A rare case report, Int J Surg Case Rep (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.050 38 39 40 41 42 G Model IJSCR 1318 1–2 2 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 CASE REPORT – OPEN ACCESS S.A. Wani et al. / International Journal of Surgery Case Reports xxx (2015) xxx–xxx The disease occurs in most areas of the world and currently affects about one million people. In some areas of South America, Africa, and Asia up to 10% of the certain populations are affected. Hydatid disease is endemic in cattle-and sheep-raising regions of the world such as Central Europe, the Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa [2,3]. It is a serious health problem in such countries. Hydatid disease has feco-oral route. The disease is attributed to occupational exposure during farming practices particularly in rural areas, ingestion of contaminated vegetables, drinking of egg-contaminated water and traditional intake of mutton and beef. After ingestion, embryos from eggs reach the liver via portal vein, were most of the cysts are seen [4]. If the embryos escape the hepatic filter, they enter the systemic circulation and can settle and form cysts anywhere in the body from head to toe [5]. Hydatid cyst of the inguinal canal is very rare and only less than five cases in adults but no case in children has been reported in the literature. The differential diagnosis of such swelling includes inguinal hernia, encysted hydrocele of the cord, lipoma of the cord. Our case of Hydatid cyst in inguinal canal was not diagnosed preoperatively due to very rarity of this disease at this unusual site. In this patient, there was no past history of surgery for the Hydatid cyst. The possibility of inguinal Hydatid in this patient could be due to spillage of abdominal Hydatid fluid in to the hernial sac with formation of inguinal Hydatid cyst. Post operatively detailed search for daughter cysts by abdominal CT scan was planed but parents of the patient were reluctant for abdominal CT. Although Hydatid disease of the inguinal canal is very rare, a high index of suspicion in endemic areas should be considered. Clinical manifestations are related with compression of involved organ [6]. Ultrasonography, CT, MRI and other serological tests may help in diagnosis. However due to uncommon locations, diagnostic problems frequently occur and specific diagnostic tests do not have 100% reliability in these cases [7]. 4. Conclusion Hydatid disease is very rare in the inguinal canal. In patients with progressive enlarging groin swelling particularly in endemic areas, possibility of Hydatid cyst should be kept in mind. Such patients should be operated early due to risk of rupture, anaphylaxis and associated morbidity and mortality. Conflict of interest No conflict of interest. Funding No source of funding, it is purely a academic exercise. Ethical approval Ethical approved was given by the academic committee of the hospital. Consent Written informed consent was obtained from the father of the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images with disclosing the identity, hospital record no. of the patient. Authors contribution All authors have contributed as being part of surgical team. Guarantor Sajad ahmad wani, Aejaz ah baba. References [1] R.M. Matson, M.D. Richard, J.D. Smyth, Hydatidosis, a global problem of increasing importance, Bull. WHO 55 (1977) 499–507. [2] M.C. Goel, M.R. Agarwal, A. Misra, Percutaneous drainage of renal hydatid cyst: early results and follow-up, Br. J. Urol. 75 (1995) 724–728. [3] N. Altinors, E. Senveli, T. Donmez, M. Bavbek, Z. Kars, M. Sanli, Management of problematic intracranial hydatid cysts, Infection 23 (1995) 283–287. [4] J.D. Spiliotis, S.K. Kakkos, T. Petsas, D. Siablis, J.A. Androulakis, Inguinal swelling: a rare presentation of retroperitoneal hydatidosis, Eur. J. Surg. 165 (1) (1999) 75–76. [5] G. Kıyak, M. Ozer, R. Aktimur, A. Kusdemir, Primary hydatid disease of the soft tissue, Internet J. Surg. 8 (2) (2006). [6] R. Cetin, M. Cetin, C. Cerci, M. Bulbul, Subcutaneous inguinal hydatid cyst simulating incarcerated inguinal hernia: case report, SDU Med. Fac. J. 6 (2) (1999) 53–54. [7] M. Safioleas, M. Stamatakos, A. Zervas, E. Agapitos, Hydatid disease of the seminal vesicle: a rare presentation of hydatid cyst, Int. Urol. Nephrol. 38 (2006) 287–289. Open Access This article is published Open Access at sciencedirect.com. It is distributed under the IJSCR Supplemental terms and conditions, which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited. Please cite this article in press as: S.A. Wani, et al., Inguinal Hydatid cyst in a child: A rare case report, Int J Surg Case Rep (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.03.050 View publication stats 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115