Las Escrituras Apartadas De La Nación De Yisrael En Restauración. Con Un Contenido Tanto de la Tanaj y el Brit Renovado. La Primera Edición en Español. Traducida de la Tercera Edición Actualizada en Inglés.

The Dalmatian Middle Ages are an extremely rich period in terms of monuments. Society as a whole has gone through numerous changes during these few centuries, which have been reflected in all aspects of material creation, especially in architecture, one part of which we deal with here. The end of antiquity, the creation and disappearance of the early Croatian state, the formation of the medieval nobility, changes in ruling dynasties, the development of towns on the coast, the role of the Church, the establishment of Venetian rule, the Ottoman threat - all these events marked this area from 6th to the first three decades of 16th century - with an emphasis on the period of the Hihg and Late Middle Ages, ie the time from the 14th to the end of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century. Fortification architecture followed these social changes and adapted to them in various ways, reflecting the time in which it was created. In terms of fortifications, the space also is experiencing various changes. During prehistory, the fortifications of the time, of which hundreds have been preserved, speak of the great "fragmentation" of space - which will not exist in later periods - but also of its connection with the system of visual communication between individual forts. In the first centuries AD, this same space was integrated and controlled from only a few fortifications of a distinctly military character. At the end of antiquity, the former hillfort positions were reactivated and new strategic systems were created. Part of this late antique heritage is transferred to the Middle Ages, during which we distinguish three basic stages in the development of fortification architecture. The first phase of fortification is related to the early medieval period and the formation of the counties, ie county centers, which in terms of infrastructure of the fortifications as well as their territories and communications rely heavily on earlier roman, or rather late roman heritage. Although there may be other examples, ie fortifications that are not county centers, it is difficult to say something more about the architecture of both. The second phase of construction of fortifications is related to the period from the first half of the 14th century to the middle of the 15th century, when completely new fortifications were built, and the earlier ones were rebuild. The forts are most often build by local nobles (with the consent of the ruler) to secure their seats and estates. Unlike the previous period, this is a time when we can talk more detail about the architecture of fortifications, which is absolutely conceived within the fortification architecture of the High and Late Middle Ages with some 339 "local" characteristics in terms of adapting individual buildings to the needs and situations on the ground. The third phase begins in the middle of the 15th century and lasts until the very beginning of the 16th century, and within the chosen area we look at it exclusively in the context of the wars with the Ottomans. In the architectural sense, there is an adjustment of earlier construction as well as completely new constructions that are largely in line with the new principles of warfare, ie defense, although some show a connection with earlier architectural traditions.

One of the most puzzling phenomena of the European Bronze Age, is that many communities buried or otherwise hid large numbers of valuable bronze objects, but never returned to retrieve them. This book focuses on the metal finds of one small European region, the southern Netherlands and the adjacent part of North Belgium. Fontijn considers the question of why so many elaborate bronze objects have been found in watery locations in this landscape, such as rivers, streams, and marshes, while so few have been found in the controlled excavations of local settlements and cemeteries. He looks at the evidence for the selective deposition of metal objects, and discusses the "cultural biographies" of weapons, ornaments or dress fittings, and axes respectively. He considers how different depositional contexts might be related to the construction of various forms of social identity, such as male or female, or of belonging to local or non-local communities. He also looks at the way the land itself may have been defined and structured by the act of object deposition.

The “Journals Committee” of the Italian Federation of Psychotherapy Associations (FIAP – www.fiap.info) is based on the dialogical principle amongst all the various Italian psychotherapy methods. These psychotherapy journals are the place in which these diverse methods continue to grow, where they confront each other internally and encounter other approaches, where they process and refine new ideas and practical applications, develop their clinical praxis, and present their research from within the sector. The goal of the FIAP Journals Committee is to create opportunities for the Italian psychotherapy journals to challenge and support each other, beyond self-referential close-mindedness, in the confidence that it is exactly this sort of openness to the other that allows for the development of one’s own identity. This was the conviction upon which the coordinators founded the Committee. Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb, editor of the Journal Quaderni di Gestalt (Gestalt Therapy Journal), conceived of it in 2005, a year in which, as President of FIAP, she organized the conference: “The Explicit and Implicit in Psychotherapy”. She invited Paolo Migone, co-editor of the journal Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane (Psychotherapy and the Human Sciences) and Maria Luisa Manca, at the time president of FIAP, to be by her side. The enthusiasm which the Italian journal editors collaborating on this project accorded to the meetings is a sign that we all needed this dialogue and that together we can make our approaches more visible, and give greater scientific dignity to each and every journal associated with these perspectives. One of the issues we have most addressed in our meetings has in fact been the exchange of practices on indexing and on the type of articles published by the various magazines. The aim of the work that we are presenting here is to achieve an in-depth and practical dialogue on clinical treatment among the many methods. Taking inspiration from an already completed article from one of the associated periodicals, Costruttivismi (Constructivisms), edited by Lorenzo Cionini, we asked the editors of the associated journals to comment, from their viewpoint, upon a specific case in terms of how it emerges as the description of a first session. We chose the case of an adolescent girl, who, having availed herself of psychotherapy in the lockdown period due to the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020, began her sessions online with a psychologist-psychotherapist. It seemed to us that this clinical example presented two interesting and particular features: the fact that it is a therapy begun on-line, and the fact that the patient is an adolescent, a thirteen-year-old girl. This chosen situation plays a new and necessary clinical role in this period, because it deals with an age group that we should particularly focus on during this pandemic (teenagers suffer from the restrictive measures more than others), and because of the on-line setting that we have been, willingly or unwillingly, forced to adopt. To allow the reader to gather and integrate the aspects that seem most interesting to compare and contrast from the standpoint of the various approaches, we have posed several questions to the therapists/authors. These questions, regarding the modalities of diagnostic-framing for the case, and those regarding the carrying out of the therapeutic process, appear below. Naturally, we have given the contributors the choice of whether they wish to answer in precise fashion or to merely keep them in mind as they formulate their comments. We have also requested the representatives of the diverse journals to participate in their capacity as therapeutic experts in therapy work with adolescents. Almost all of the journals which belong to the Committee responded: so, here are 12 essays that represent ten of the different member associations of FIAP. Here is the list of authors (in alphabetical order) and of their respective journals (for each contribution, not only the journal but, where possible, the FIAP association membership is also indicated): 1. Livia Agresti, Corpo e Identità, “Società Italiana di Analisi Bioenergetica” (SIAB) 2. Fabio Bassoli, Maieutica, “Società Italiana di Psicologia e Psicoterapia Relazionale” (SIPPR) 3. Marco Bernardini, Psicobiettivo 4. Francesco Canevelli, Rivista di Psicoterapia Relazionale, “Società Italiana di Psicoterapia Relazionale e Sistemica” (SIPRES) 5. Lorenzo Cionini & Isabella Mantovani, Costruttivismi, “Associazione Italiana di Psicologia e Psicoterapia Costruttivista” (AIPPC) 6. Antonello D’Elia & Anna Mascellani, Terapia Familiare, “Accademia di Psicoterapia della Famiglia” (APF) 7. Lapo Felicioni, Rivista di Psicosintesi Terapeutica, “Società Italiana di Psicosintesi Terapeutica” (SIPT) 8. Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb & Silvia Tosi, Quaderni di Gestalt – Gestalt Therapy Journal, “Società Italiana Psicoterapia Gestalt” (SIPG) and “Federazione Italiana Scuole e Istituti di Gestalt” (FISIG) 9. Marcello Mannella, Psicoterapia Analitica Reichiana, “Società Italiana di Analisi Reichiana” (SIAR) 10. Paolo Migone, Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane 11. Anna Rizzuti & Valeria Verrastro, Quale Psicologia, “Società Italiana di Psicoterapia Strategica” (SIPS) 12. Riccardo Zerbetto & Paola Dei, Monografie di Gestalt / Gestalt Monographies. Rivista Quadrimestrale di Psicoterapia tra Scienza e Arte, “Federazione Italiana Scuole e Istituti di Gestalt” (FISIG) The adolescent girl was called ‘Anna’ by her therapist, who has kindly furnished the transcription of the first session, as well as a final summary of the therapeutic process, published after the responses from the various authors. The therapist, whom we sincerely thank, has wished to remain anonymous in order to protect her patient’s privacy. Here is the questionnaire / guide that we (the Editors) proposed to the participant authors: 1. What is the problem presented by Anna and, if your approach anticipates this distinction, what would be the “question” posed to the therapist? Would you feel limited or facilitated by the defining of this aspect in an on-line setting? 2. What do you believe might be Anna’s expectations with respect to psychotherapy? Do you think it would be advisable to encourage a redefinition of these expectations? 3. In terms of your model, what initial hypotheses can you make in relation to the professional framing of the case – and why? 4. In what way do you think that the on-line setting could prevent the spontaneity of the therapeutic work and, on the other hand, how do you think it might facilitate it? 5. How do you imagine the patient could situate herself within the particular therapeutic relationship that is developed online? What kind of relationship do you think it is advisable to attempt to build and what kind of difficulties might arise? 6. Which elements could you suggest to explore further in the sessions following the first meeting? 7. What aspects do you consider to be necessary to work on during the therapeutic process? Our colleagues (above), representing a variety of approaches, were requested to write essays of no more than 3,000 words. Reading their commentaries is like taking a very interesting journey into the different clinical epistemologies, and into the therapeutic soul of the person who wrote them. Beyond the particular orientation which they advocate, and beyond their language and specific references, we feel that they all revealed a great sense of humanity. If Anna were our daughter, we would have no preference with regards to whom to send her: we would know that, in each and every case, regardless of the different settings or frames of reference, she would feel welcomed and find humane competence, capable of providing the relational groundwork upon which her healing could spontaneously take root and grow. This is what we can learn when engaging in a respectful and trusting comparison between diverse orientations. The choice to train in a particular type of psychotherapy is a question of personal preference (one chooses the suit of clothes that fits best), and often the ‘persona’ of the therapist is a more important factor than the school to which he/she belongs. What confirms this is the fact that, when two good therapists representing different approaches work together, they do very similar things, regardless of their terminology or the specific praxis they engage in. It is an ethical issue, especially for someone who conducts training. It is about humbly transmitting the message that all schools of thought have something important to teach us. It is about facilitating the experience of exchange with other approaches, whilst taking care of providing good training within one’s own chosen path, so that the exchange may not falter and end up causing confusion. Having expressed our ethical position towards the different orientations, and with a sense of respect and esteem towards all of our FIAP colleagues, we hope you enjoy the readings that follow! The FIAP Journals Committee: ◼ Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb, Quaderni di Gestalt (Gestalt Therapy Journal) (Coordinator) ◼ Paolo Migone, Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane (Psychotherapy and the Human Sciences) ◼ Maria Luisa Manca, Past-President FIAP

Cleaning and drying cocoa beans are generally done manually by farmers. The manual cleaning process takes a long time, and the pulp reduction is not optimal. In contrast, drying using sunlight takes a long time when it is done in the rainy season. This causes the cocoa beans to be moldy and have low sale value. In the equipment made by the factory, the two machines are made separately and are hardly affordable by the farmers. Based on these problems, a microcontroller-based cocoa bean dryer (de pulper) was designed with a single container so that both processes could be carried out using just one machine. To elaborate this system, cleaning is carried out on fermented cocoa beans that are pulp shed in a rotating cylinder. In comparison, the drying process is carried out by using a heat source, a soil moisture sensor to detect the moisture content of cocoa beans, a DS18B20 sensor to detect temperatures in the drying container, and a cylindrical container is rotated using an A.C. motor...