What is shapefile ?

2006

ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2021

A popular way to create detailed yet easily controllable 3D shapes is via procedural modeling, i.e. generating geometry using programs. Such programs consist of a series of instructions along with their associated parameter values. To fully realize the benefits of this representation, a shape program should be compact and only expose degrees of freedom that allow for meaningful manipulation of output geometry. One way to achieve this goal is to design higher-level macro operators that, when executed, expand into a series of commands from the base shape modeling language. However, manually authoring such macros, much like shape programs themselves, is difficult and largely restricted to domain experts. In this paper, we present ShapeMOD, an algorithm for automatically discovering macros that are useful across large datasets of 3D shape programs. ShapeMOD operates on shape programs expressed in an imperative, statement-based language. It is designed to discover macros that make progra...

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2013

Mobile GIS emerged in the 1990s, with integration of GPS is one of the leading technique. The objective of this paper is to develop a mobile application which supports a functionality such as changing the attribute name in shapefile or adding the attribute in shapefile by the help of handheld device (mobile). An shapefiles as defined by ESRI and it consists of a main file, an index file, and a dBASE file.The application run on the user mobile phone for change or add the required data to a database server on the wireless toolkit. ArcEditor is used for changing the attribute in computer systems but in the present work, we are building an application in .NET which can provide these features easily. It provides tools for the creation of map and spatial data used in GIS, including the ability of editing geodatabase files and data, multiuser geo database editing.

Nexus Network Journal, 2015

Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, 1980

This expository article on Shape Theory contains the main concepts of this theory with a formulation of the most important results of this theory and also with some open problems. The proofs are omitted, however the article gives references to the hooks and papers, in which the reader can find the proofs.For simplicity, we formulate several theorems only in the form which clearly gives their geometric sense, even if there are known more general results with rather complicated formulations. The reader more interested in details, can find them in the original papers quoted in the list of references.

Pattern Recognition, 1980

The shape number of a curve is derived for two-dimensional non-intersecting closed curves that are the boundary of simply connected regions. This description is independent of their size, orientation and position, but it depends on their shape. Each curve carries “within it” its own shape number. The order of the shape number indicates the precision with which that number describes the shape of the curve. For a curve, the order of its shape number is the length of the perimeter of a ‘discrete shape’ (a closed curve formed by vertical and horizontal segments, all of equal length) closely corresponding to the curve. A procedure is given that deduces, without table look-up, string matching or correlations, the shape number of any order for an arbitrary curve. To find out how close in shape two curves are, the degree of similarity between them is introduced; dissimilar regions will have a low degree of similarity, while analogous shapes will have a high degree of similarity. Informally speaking, the degree of similarity between the shapes of two curves tells how deep it is necessary to descend into a list of shapes, before being able to differentiate between the shape of those two curves. Again, a procedure is given to compute it, without need for such list or grammatical parsing or least square curve or area fitting. The degree of similarity maps the universe of curves into a tree or hierarchy of shapes. The distance between the shapes of any two curves, defined as the inverse of their degree of similarity, is found to be an ultradistance over this tree. The shape number is a description that changes with skewing, anisotropic dilation and mirror images, as the intuitive psychological concept of “shape” demands. Nevertheless, at the end of the paper a related Theory “B” of shapes is introduced that allows anisotropic changes of scale, thus permitting for instance a rectangle and a square to have the same B shape. These definitions and procedures may facilitate a quantitative study of shape.

IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 2018

Shared Heart Accompaniment Programme of Education (SHAPE), is an holistic formation plan for undergraduate students in Sacred Heart College. The Salesian System of Education has a unique way of mentoring the young by providing them with profound guidance and direction. In this unique practice every mentor tries to lead their mentees in taking responsibility for their actions andin becoming good citizens of the Nation. The present research was undertaken to study the effectiveness of the programme " SHAPE " as one of the best practices of Sacred Heart College. The study was extended to the second year undergraduate students. The random sampling technique was adopted and 50% of the total population of 1032 students were taken for the study. A scale was developed and the reliability of the instrument was found to be .799 Cronbach's Alpha. From the presented research it was revealed that the programme has catered in making a difference in majority of the students whereby providing them proper academic guidance, enabling them to develop their personality and in making them confident individuals to solve their day to day problems.

Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1978