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Journal of Kathmandu Medical College
Nepal Journal of Neuroscience
Research and publication ethics in developing countriesThe scientific validity of any project relies heavily on the ethically conducted and published research work. Conducting good quality research and publishing it in a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal is the ultimate dream of any researcher. However if not done without any research and publication ethics, the work will be counterproductive. Fortunately, there are several publications on ethics of research and publication guiding an early-stage researcher to follow the underlying principles. Research ethics include upholding the basic ethical principles of human research, namely, respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Publication ethics involve not committing scientific misconduct, resolving authorship disputes, and avoiding simultaneous submission and duplicate publication. Repercussions of unethical research and publications are often unforgiving. Researchers in developing countries face unique challenges in this regard. However, at no cost should these principles be ignored....
MedEdPublish
Publishing ethics in medical education: guidance for authors and reviewers in a changing world2020 •
Lillian Omutoko
Systematization of Research Integrity by Regulatory Bodies and Universities in Africa2020 •
Abstract Research misconduct is a global ethical concern that imparts negatively on scientific processes and expectations. Other related ethical concerns are academic fraud among researchers in academic institutions. These activities are against the norms of research and academic practice. Some common occurrences in institutions are multiple submission of papers for publication, use of unauthorized assistance or various forms of dishonesty that occur in relation to any academic exercise. Research integrity is a complex multifaceted task that touches on different phases of research. Institutions in Africa barely have policies and structures to uphold research integrity and where they exist, the enforcement mechanisms are not synchronized. Prevention of research misconduct and enforcement of research integrity policies cannot be the responsibility of any single person or institution, it can only be successful if it is a concerted effort. Universities, national bodies and research ethics committees have a major role to play in maintaining research integrity. The purpose of this paper is to explore and develop a systematic approach to enhance research integrity. The paper examines common research integrity issues and proposes pragmatic approaches for preventing research misconduct. Methodology: The methodology employed was desktop document analysis of related journal articles, guidelines and institutional websites. Case studies of misconduct were reviewed to make sense of types of scientific misconduct that have been recorded in Africa. Results: Institutions can customize the institutional model according to identified needs and existing structures. The proposed framework would be successful if the efforts are implemented within a multi-thronged approach that includes mentorship and capacity building at all levels for creation of an ethical research culture that enhances credibility of research and builds public trust. Contributions to theory, policy and practice: It is envisaged that the proposed model will improve enforcement of related policies and promote research integrity. A holistic model to streamline prevention of misconduct and nurture a culture of ethical conduct in research is also recommended. Key words: Academic integrity, bioethics, research ethics, research integrity, research misconduct, scientific misconduct
2015 •
One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic ulcers do not heal easily due to diabetic neuropathy and reduced blood flow, and non-healing ulcers may progress to gangrene, which necessitates amputation of the patient's foot. This study attempted to develop a new cell-based therapy for non-healing diabetic ulcers using a full-thickness skin defect in a rat model of type 2 diabetes and obesity.Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were harvested from the inguinal fat of normal rats, and ASC sheets were created using cell-sheet technology and transplanted into full-thickness skin defects in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.The results indicated that the transplantation of ASC sheets combined with artificial skin accelerated wound healing and vascularization, with significant differences observed 2 weeks after the treatment. The ASC sheets secreted large amounts of several angiogenic growth factors in vitro, and transplanted ASCs were observed in...
Revista de Saúde Pública
Ethical dilemmas in scientific publication: pitfalls and solutions for editors2006 •
Editors of scientific journals need to be conversant with the mechanisms by which scientific misconduct is amplified by publication practices. This paper provides definitions, ways to document the extent of the problem, and examples of editorial attempts to counter fraud. Fabrication, falsification, duplication, ghost authorship, gift authorship, lack of ethics approval, non-disclosure, 'salami' publication, conflicts of interest, auto-citation, duplicate submission, duplicate publications, and plagiarism are common problems. Editorial misconduct includes failure to observe due process, undue delay in reaching decisions and communicating these to authors, inappropriate review procedures, and confounding a journal's content with its advertising or promotional potential. Editors also can be admonished by their peers for failure to investigate suspected misconduct, failure to retract when indicated, and failure to abide voluntarily by the six main sources of relevant intern...
Introduction: The aim of our study was to investigate the extent to which Instructions to authors of the Croatian open access (OA) journals are addressing ethical issues. Do biomedical journals differ from the journals from other disciplines in that respect? Our hypothesis was that biomedical journals maintain much higher publication ethics standards. Materials and methods: This study looked at 197 Croatian OA journals Instructions to authors to address the following groups of ethical issues: general terms; guidelines and recommendations; research approval and registration; funding and conflict of interest; peer review; redundant publications, misconduct and retraction; copyright; timeliness; authorship; and data accessibility. We further compared a subset of 159 non-biomedical journals with a subset of 38 biomedical journals. Content analysis was used to discern the ethical issues representation in the instructions to authors. Results: The groups of biomedical and non-biomedical journals were similar in terms of originality (χ2 = 2.183, P = 0.140), peer review process (χ2 = 0.296, P = 0.586), patent/grant statement (χ2 = 2.184, P = 0.141), and timeliness of publication (χ2 = 0.369, P = 0.544). We identified significant differences among categories including ethical issues typical for the field of biomedicine, like patients (χ2 = 47.111, P < 0.001), and use of experimental animals (χ2 = 42.543, P < 0.001). Biomedical journals also rely on international editorial guidelines formulated by relevant professional organizations heavily, compared with non-biomedical journals (χ2 = 42.666, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Low representation or absence of some key ethical issues in author guidelines calls for more attention to the structure and the content of Instructions to authors in Croatian OA journals.
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
Whose Paper Is It Anyway? Authorship Criteria According to Established Scholars in Health Professions Education2018 •
The health professions education (HPE) community is a crossroad of scholars from various disciplines with potentially conflicting views on who qualifies as author. Established HPE scholars are expected to model ethical research conduct but no research has investigated the extent to which authorship criteria are understood and applied by leaders in the field. This study investigated what leading scholars consider appropriate criteria for authorship and how often these criteria are ignored. Directors of research and editors of HPE journals completed an anonymous survey between September 2015 and August 2016 with questions about authorship practices they experienced and recommended, common authorship criteria, and how often they had encountered unethical authorship decisions. Out of 82 invited scholars, 46 participated in the survey (response rate = 56.0%). They reported a stark contrast between current and recommended authorship practices. Twenty-two (51.2%) had experienced unethical ...
Research Integrity and Peer Review
Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity2016 •
Mutation Research Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
Scientific authorship: Part 2. History, recurring issues, practices, and guidelines2005 •
Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
Ethical considerations in the interpretation and communication of clinical trial results2007 •
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
Scientific misconducts and authorship conflicts: Indian perspective2015 •
Balkan Medical Journal
Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome with Left Lung Atresia2014 •
2011 •
Balkan Medical Journal
Exogenous Recombinant Adiponectin Improves Survival in Experimental Abdominal Sepsis2014 •
Journal of Nursing Scholarship
Scientific Misconduct: Also an Issue in Nursing Science?2014 •
Accountability in Research: Policies and Quality Assurance
Research Misconduct Policies of High Impact Biomedical Journals***2006 •
Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
Survey of instructions to authors in Indian and British Dental Journals with respect to ethical guidelines2013 •
Acta Informatica Medica
Masic Izet - PLAGIARISM IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHINGBiochemia Medica
ICMJE authorship criteria are not met in a substantial proportion of manuscripts submitted to Biochemia Medica2015 •
2012 •
Journal of Korean Medical Science
Retractions, Fake Peer Reviews, and Paper MillsJournal of Academic Librarianship
A qualitative content analysis of watchlists vs safelists: How do they address the issue of predatory publishing2020 •
2018 •
The Second Mediterranean Seminar on Science Writing, Editing and Publishing (SWEP - 2018), Sarajevo, December 8th, 2018
SWEP 2018.pdf