Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 44(6), pp. 1499-1505, 2012.
Four New Records of Brachyurans from Pakistan
Quddusi B. Kazmi1 and Muhammad Moazzam2*
Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi
2
Marine Fisheries Department, Government of Pakistan, Karachi
1.
Abstract.- Four species of brachyuran crabs are recorded from Pakistan for the first time. The pinnotherid
Indopinnixa sipunculana Manning and Morton, 1987, represents the first record of Pinnotherelinae from the Indian
Ocean. Quadrella reticulata Alcock, 1898 (Trapeziidae) is recorded from Pakistan for the first time The euryplacid
Eucrate indica Castro and Ng, 2010, is formally recorded from Pakistan for the first time, with earlier records
probably confused with E. alcocki Ng and Davie 2002 or E. crenata Alcock, 1900. The xanthid Leptodius gracilis
(Dana,1852) is also a new record, being the second species of the genus reported from Pakistan.
Key Words: New records, Brachyura, Indopinnixa sipunculana, Eucrate indica, Leptodius gracilis, Quadrella
reticulata, Pakistan Coast.
INTRODUCTION
A considerable number
of dredged and
hauled samples collected at depths between 3-50
meters from offshore waters in Pakistan were
identified, revealing the presence of a number of
interesting representatives of four families of
brachyuran crabs: Pinnotheridae, Euryplacidae,
Trapeziidae and Xanthidae.
Indopinnixa aff. sipunculana Manning and Morton,
1987
(Figs. 1-2)
Indopinnixa sipunculana Manning and Morton,
1987:543; Rahayu and Ng, 2010: 59
Material
One subadult female ?, one 1 mm in CL, 4
mm in CW (MRCC.Brac.754).
Description
Carapace regions poorly defined without a
defined cardiac ridge, anterolateral border marked
by a crest, border forming slender shoulder
(Fig.2A). Telson rounded, spatulate (Fig. 2B)
resembling that of a male. Antennae (Fig. 1C, D) as
illustrated. Third maxilliped with merus relatively
broad. Terminal segment of palp long, provided
________________________________
*
Corresponding author: mmoazzamkhan@gmail.com
0030-9923/2012/0006-1499 $ 8.00/0
Copyright 2012 Zoological Society of Pakistan
with long setae on margin and on diagonal crest
(Fig. 2E, E”). Chelipeds (Fig. 2F, G) subequal,
dentition on fingers almost lacking. Leg 3 (Fig.2I)
much stouter, leg 4 (Fig. 2H) much smaller than
others. First pleopod (Fig, 2J) abruptly narrows
distally, tip pointed, slightly curved.
Remarks
The pinnotherid Indopinnixa Manning and
Morton, 1987, until recently contained two species,
I. sipunculana Manning and Morton, 1987, and I.
mortoni Davie, 1992. Both species were found
associated respectively with sipunculids and
capitellid polychaetes living on soft muddy shores
or sandy mud substrates between rocks in Hong
Kong (Manning and Morton, 1987; Davie, 1992).
Added to the genus are two new species recently
collected from Lombok, Indonesia, I. kasijani.
Rahayu and Ng, 2010 and I. moosai Rahayu and Ng,
2010.
The sex of the specimen is not confirmed, as
the abdomen resembles in outline that of a male and
not broadened like that of a female, but the
appearance of the four pleopods are the characters
of a female. The first pleopods seem to be quite
normal for the species. The pleopods do not seem to
be feminized. This is some anomality or it may be a
dioceus specimen. It was considered a subadult
female (P. Ng; personal communication with QBK).
The sediment sample from sub littoral zone of
Gwadar contains sipunculids, empty molluscan
shells and capitellid polychaetes and it was difficult
to ascertain if the present specimen was associated
1500
Q.B. KAZMI AND M. MOAZZAM
Indopinnixa, although both may be conspecific of
Indopinnixa
(H.
Komatsu;
personal
communication). The subfamily Pinnothereliinae is
recorded from the Indian Ocean for the first time.
Eucrate indica Castro and Ng, 2010
Eucrate alcocki - Ng and Davie 2002: 378.;
Rajkumar et al. 2009: 832, Fig. 1.
not Eucrate alcocki Serène, in Serène and
Lohavanijaya, 1973
Eucrate crenata var. dentata (?) Alcock 1900: 299 [in
key], 301; Sankarankutty 1966: 350
Eucrate indica Castro and Ng, 2010:20
Fig. 1. Eucrate indica
Material
One ovigerous female 21 mm in CL, 27 mm in
CB (MRCC Brac 754)
Diagnosis
Anterolateral margin armed with two teeth,
excluding the external orbital tooth; the second
tooth acutely triangular; the last tooth rudimentary
as slight elevation; the fissures on the dorsal orbital
margin indistinct; the carapace with a relatively long
postero lateral border. Fifth pereopod propodus
slender.
Fig. 2. Indopinnixa aff. sipunculana. A.
Carapace and front; B .Abdomen; C., D.
Antennae;
E.
Third
maxilliped;
E”.
Same,dactylus; F,G, Right and left chelipeds;
H.Leg 2 -4;I.Leg 3;J.First pleopod
with any of the three. The Gwadar specimen
resembles with I. sipunculana, but its small size and
damage to its preserved body does not allow us to
be certain. It is tentatively identified as I. aff.
sipunculana Manning and Morton. Rahayu and Ng
(2010) queried the taxonomy for the Indo-West
Pacific members of the genus Pinnixa. Pinnixa
haematosticta Sakai, 1934 and P. penaltipedalis
Stimpson, 1858 also need to be transferred to
Remarks
Based on Castro and Ng (2010), the
euryplacid crab was identified E. alcocki, which had
been originally reported from Persian Gulf, India
and northern Straits of Malacca. This record from
Pakistan fills the gap in the range. Leptodius [give
authority + date] is one of the common genera of
xanthids of our coast, a recently collected male from
Gwadar seemed to be different from the common
and widely spread L. exaratus hence identified L.
gracilis. This species has been reported from
Southern Oman by Hogarth (1989).
This seems to be a relatively uncommon
species in the region since only one male measuring
23.8mm from a trawl net from 40 m was collected
from east coast of India, like the one female here
collected at 54 m from Pakistan (25o 17’N 66o
429’E).
According to Rajkumar et al. (2009) and
FOUR SPECIES OF MARINE CRABS FROM PAKISTAN
Castro and Ng (2010), earlier records by Alcock
(1900) and Chhapgar (1957a,b) of Eucrate crenata
dentata Alcock 1900 from India are unconfirmed or
wrong. Alcock’s (1900) record cannot be confirmed
as his descriptions were very brief, no colour notes
were appended and no figures provided. Chhapgar’s
(1957a,b) record from Mumbai, seems unlikely to
be Eucrate; the specimen he figured agrees better
with Heteroplax dentata sensu stricto (Castro and
Ng, 2010). The revision by Castro and Ng (2010)
included specimens referred at present to E. indica
from the Indian Ocean but not from Pakistan. Since
Alcock’s (1900) report of E. crenata dentata from
India was merged with doubts with E. indica by
Castro and Ng (2010), E.crenata dentata is also
listed by Hashmi (1964) from Pakistan with no
description or details. He most probably followed
Alcock (1900). If his identification is correct then E.
indica is probably not new to Pakistan but it can be
concluded that the present specimen is the first
confirmed record of E. indica in Pakistan.
Eucrate haswelli Campbell, 1969 was
included in the family Goneplacidae by Tirmizi and
Ghani (1988) but Castro and Ng (2010) considered
this species as an euryplacid, Trissoplax dentata
(Stimpson, 1858). Tirmizi and Ghani (1988) showed
variations in carapace form among individuals in
material from Pakistan and Queensland, Australia.
The material reported as E. sulcatifrons (Stimpson)
by Tirmizi and Ghani (1982) was not examined by
Castro and Ng (2010) but this taxon was
synonymised with E. crenata by these workers.
There are a number of old records of E. crenata
from the Indian Ocean but there seems to be not
much material studied from the Arabian Sea.
Unfortunately the specimens of E. crenata from
Pakistan is not traceable. The illustrations
reproduced here are from Tirmizi and Ghani (1982,
1988) and they appear to match E. crenata as
defined by Castro and Ng (2010).
Colour
The colour pattern of the carapace of the
present specimen is similar to that of given by
Rajkumar et al. (2009) as E. alcocki from the Bay of
Bengal, where the anterior fifth of the carapace is
marked with four unusually shaped red spots, the
rest of the surface is yellowish. Castro and Ng
1501
(2010) noted two large, irregular, red-brown spots
on the median portion of the dorsal surface of the
carapace, each flanked by two smaller, vertically
placed spots. The central or lateral spots may
coalesce into a single lateral spot. Small red-brown
spots are located.
Leptodius gracilis (Dana, 1852)
(Fig. 3)
Chlorodius gracilis Leptodius exaratus var. gracilis
Miers, 1884: 530.
Leptodius gracilis de Man, 1887: 287.; Sakai, 1976:
424, fig. 223.; Serène, 1984: 182 (keys), 184,
fig.107; Dana,1852: 210, pl. 26C; Dai and
Yang, 1991:293, fig.155A(2),pl.37(6).
Material
One male 35mm in CL [location ?; catalogue
number and museum?]
Fig. 3. Leptodius gracilis; A, first
gonopod; A, tip magnified; B, second gonopod
Diagnosis
Carapace
transversely
oval,
smooth,
relatively depressed. Front and orbit more than half
broader than carapace. Carapace about 1.6 times as
broad as long. First gonopod stout, its distal portion
short, spoon-shaped directed laterally and armed
with 6-7 T-shaped teeth (Fig. 3A,A). Second
gonopod as figured (Fig. 3B).
1502
Q.B. KAZMI AND M. MOAZZAM
Remarks
The inwardly curved tip of the gonopod of
L.exaratus (Serene, 1984; Tirmizi and Ghani, 1996)
differentiates it from L. gracilis. Another difference
is the number of T-shaped or mushroom-shaped
tubercles, which are more in number in L. exaratus
(Serene, 1984).
Quadrella reticulata Alcock, 1898
(Figs. 4-5)
Quadrella coronata var. Reticulata Alcock, 1898:
227; Borradaile, 1902:266
Quadrella reticulata reticulata Serène 1968: 89
Quadrella boopsis Galil, 1986: 281, figs. 4 A, B.
Quadrella reticulata Serène, 1973: 199; 1975: 519;
1984: 286 and 287; Galil and Takeda,1985:
204; Galil, 1986: 288 ; 1988: 179; Castro,
1999a: 38; 1999b: 96; Castro et al., 2004: 56;
Naderloo and Sari, 2005:63
Material
One male CL 10mm.CB 12mm. Indus
Swatch Area, trawled, 60m. 28 Nov.2010 (MRCC
Brac 75)
Diagnosis
Regions poorly developed (Fig. 4), shallow to
obtuse tubercles absent on the central portion of the
carapace. Anterolateral margins constricted behind
postrorbital angles, convex, granular (Fig. 5A).
Epibranchial spine separating anterior and posterior
margins well-developed, curved. Posteriolateral
margins slightly concave. Front (Fig. 5B) cut into 4
triangular lobes; submedian lobes entire, separated
by abroad V-shaped notch. Lateral lobes broad but
shorter than submedian lobes. Supraorbital angle
granular, granules increase in size outwardly.
Inferior inner orbital spine curved, acute, exceeding
lateral frontal lobes. Superior orbital margins
granular, fringed with setae; inferior orbital margins
as superior margins. Anterior margin of buccal
frame concave, notched medially. Interantennular
septum subquadrate. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 5C)
medially sutured. Last abdominal somite twice as
long as wide. Antennae inserted between antennular
groove and inferior orbital angle. Exopod of third
maxilliped rod–like .medially sulcate, rounded
granular tooth on inner margin; proximal half of
inner margin of endopod ischium tuberculate, distal
inner angle prominent; inner distal angle of merus
obliquely truncate. Chelipeds massive, asymmetrical
(Fig. 5D); right chela half carapace length, short and
stout, left (Fig. 5F) long and slender, both granular,
lower margins serrate, cutting edges double
margined, serrated; large tubercles present on the
lower portion of the chelipeds, particularly in the
large ones (Serène, 1973); ischium with one large
median spine; merus more than two thirds carapace
length with regular spaced large curved pointed
teeth, each space occupied by a granular, tooth and
gap increases distally, proximal 2 on right cheliped
(Fig.5F), and 3 on left not spaced; carpus with one
anterior curved spine and one tubercle on inner
margin. First ambulatory leg with thick movable
spines along posterior edge of propodus. Fourteen
(exapical) evenly spaced triangular teeth on
posterior margin of fourth ambulatory dactylus ,
teeth progressively increase slightly in size toward
the tip; all teeth with one additional spine on
anterior edge; spines on anterior margin upto level
of fourth distal teeth;3-4 rows of spines on anterior
and 8 on ventral surface. First gonopod (Fig. 5E)
sinuous, distally straight, armed with backwardly
directed spines, proximal most strong; second (Fig.
5H).
Remarks
Q. reticulata is not an easily recognizable
species. It was earlier confused with Q. boopsis by
Galil (1986), which is a closely related species
(Castro and Ng, 2010). Based on key given by Galil
(1986), it come close to Q. maculosa, but detailed
examination reveals that it differs from Q.
maculosa. Castro (1999b) mentioned of the
chelipeds and carapace have shallow to obtuse
tubercles, the tubercles being absent on the central
portion of the carapace as in our specimen.. The
supraorbital angles are tuberculate, with the terminal
tubercle sometimes acute (but not pointed or spinelike) shape (Serène, 1973). The epibranchial tooth is
acute; an acute intermediate epibranchial tooth may
be found in small specimens (Castro, 1999b).
Colour
The carapace, cheliped and propodus of Q.
FOUR SPECIES OF MARINE CRABS FROM PAKISTAN
reticulata were described to be ornamented with
“fine purple-brown lines which intersect to form a
regular and wide meshwork” (Alcock, 1898).
Borradaile (1902) described it as showing “colour in
tiny purple dots”. Galil (1986; 1988) quoted colour
Fig. 4 . Quadrella reticulata
1503
described by Nobili (1906a,b) as ornamented with
reddish lines. The correct identity of Nobili’s
specimens, however, could not be verified (Castro,
1999b). The latter gave the colour of some of the
Rumphius live specimens collected from one colony
of black coral (Antipathes sp.). In the present case
we mistook the purple colour possibly because of
sepia ink, as cephalopods were present in the same
haul but the crab itself, according to Castro (1999b),
is purple. Two other medium-size heterosexual pairs
in his collection had a W-shaped band that extended
between the eyes across the anterior portion of the
carapace. The smallest specimens exhibited colour
patterns that varied in all individuals.
For the Persian Gulf specimens Naderloo and
Sari (2005) described the same meshwork of purple
lines on the chelipeds and carapace of fresh
specimens agreeing with the colouration of Sri
Lankan specimens given by Alcock (1898). These
purple lines fade away after preservation. A
reticulate pattern of orange is visible on the
chelipeds
and a diagonal line behind each
epibranchial spine and a blotch on carapace behind
submedian lobes after preservation
Distribution
Q. reticulata is known from Sri Lanka (type
locality) and the Andaman Islands (Alcock, 1898);
Sri Lanka, Colombo and South China Sea (Serène,
1973); Japan, (Galil and Takeda, 1985); South
China Sea and the Philippine Islands (Galil, 1986);
Red Sea (Galil, 1988); Indonesia , South China Sea
and the Philippine Islands (Castro, 1999a); Sri
Lanka (Castro, 1999a,b) and the Persian Gulf
(Naderloo and Sari, 2005). It has been collected
from depths of 18-82 m, Females are slightly larger
than their male partner. Only one pair lives on a
single host coral, where they live as symbionts. This
report of the species from Pakistan fill the gap in its
range.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Fig. 5. Quadrella reticulata A, lateral
teeth; B, supraorbital angle;C)Infraorbital angle;
D, cheliped ischium; E, leg 4 dactyl; F, Right
chela; G, Left chela; H, Cheliped, anterior
margin of right merus, ventral view; I, Same,
inner margin; J, Same, inner margin, left chela.
The first author is grateful to Drs. P. K. L.
Ng of National University of Singapore, P.Castro of
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
USA and H. Komatsu of National Museum of
Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan for helping in
1504
Q.B. KAZMI AND M. MOAZZAM
identification and for making available relevant
literature.
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