E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
The impacts of the policies implementation to handle the
COVID-19 pandemic in the field of employment
Ernalem Bangun1, Muhammad Rifqi2*, and Bondan Prokoso1
1 Disaster
Management Study Program, National Security Faculty, Republic of Indonesia Defense University. IPS Sentul Area,
Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
2 Indraprasta PGRI University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. The implementation of policies to handle the COVID-19 pandemic that has been taking
place in Indonesia since the beginning of 2020 has resulted in various impacts, especially in the field
of employment. This paper aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of implementing those
policies. This study uses a qualitative method, where data collection was conducted through
interviews. The implementation of pandemic-related policies in PT Freeport Indonesia was selected
as a case study. The findings of this study indicate that related to employment issues, the positive and
negative impacts of the implementation of the COVID-19 handling policy were felt to be most
significant on the issues of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and income. As for social
protection (insurance), employment contracts, and severance pay, the impact was relatively not felt
by workers.
1 Introduction
Since its first appearance in the city of Wuhan, Hubei
Province, China, at the end of 2019, to date Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has
infected 142,017,767 people worldwide, of which
120,554,767 (98%) of them have been declared cured,
while 3,033,003 (2%) have died (Worldometers.info,
2021). In Indonesia, the first positive case of COVID-19
was detected on March 2, 2020, namely two cases in
Depok City, West Java Province. To date, the number of
positive confirmed cases throughout Indonesia has
reached 1,604,348 cases, of which 1,455,065 (90.7%)
have been declared cured and 43,424 (2.7%) have died.
Thus, there were 105,859 (6.6%) active cases
(COVID19.go.id, 2021). During a period of
approximately eleven months, the absence of a vaccine
made social distancing the main strategy, if not the only
strategy, to deal with the threat of transmission and spread
of the coronavirus. It was only at the end of 2020 that
various researches to find vaccines in various countries,
including Indonesia, came to fruition. Finally, since early
2021 vaccination has become the main strategy in almost
all countries in the world, in addition to social restrictions.
The COVID-19 pandemic situation certainly has an
impact on almost all areas of life, including health, social,
culture, economy, education, and other fields, although
the two most frequently highlighted are the health and
socio-economic aspects. The employment sector was one
of the social institutions that cannot be separated from the
*
influence of COVID-19. The impact of COVID-19 on
employment institutions was very significant. The results
of the KSBSI research in May 2020 showed that the
COVID-19 pandemic had an indirect impact on workers
by the implementation of the rules set by the government
on the business fields where the workers devoted
themselves. The results show that there were workers who
continue to work with full wages, continue to work but
not full wages, were laid off with full wages, sent home
with not full wages, layoffs with severance pay, layoffs
without severance pay, work from home with full wages,
work from home with not full wages. This condition
resulted in the emergence of social, economic, cultural,
and psychological problems for workers (KSBSI, 2020).
In reality, the pandemic situation was a complicated
situation that must be addressed and overcome with
complex steps as well. Policies and countermeasures that
were taken and implemented, cannot be denied, also
resulted in impacts that must be considered. The problem
examined in this study was the impact of the
implementation of the COVID-19 handling policy itself.
The impacts in question were more about the impact on
labor conditions, especially in the mining sector.
2 Method
This study uses a qualitative approach. PT Freeport
Indonesia (PTFI), which operates in Mimika Regency,
Papua Province, is used as a case study in this study.
However, because in carrying out its operations PTFI is
Corresponding Author: muhammad.rifqi.pensyarah@gmail.com
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
supported by subcontracting and privatization companies
in its supply chain (SC) network, some of the informants
in this study also came from these subcontracting
companies. According to PTFI's 2018 list of
privatizations and contractors, there are a total of 351
organizations in the SC network, with the total number of
human resources involved reaching 14,777 people.
The research was carried out for approximately three
months, namely between January and March 2021. The
informants of this research consisted of workers/laborers,
trade union officials/laborers, and company management,
both of whom have authority as policymakers and are
tasked with implementing policies on handling the
COVID-19 pandemic in the work environment. During
the research period, the Research Team conducted
interviews with 49 informants, consisting of 11
informants from the management of PT Freeport
Indonesia, 19 people from the management of trade
unions/labor,
and
19
informants
from
the
workers/laborers.
Informants were selected based on several
considerations. For the category of company
management, the main consideration is the involvement
of informants in the implementation of policies for
handling the COVID-19 pandemic in the work
environment, both as policymakers and policy
implementers. Informants in this category have various
positions, ranging from the superintendent, manager, to
vice president. For the category of workers/labor union
administrators, the main consideration in selecting
informants is their involvement in the implementation of
policies for handling the COVID-19 pandemic in their
capacity as workers/labor union administrators. For the
category of workers/labor, informants were selected to
represent different work units. This is based on the
consideration that different work units have different
operational characteristics, so they must implement
measures to handle the COVID-19 pandemic under their
activities. In addition, the informants did not only come
from PTFI, but also several other companies within
PTFI's operational network, such as PTPJP, PTKPI, and
PTPU.
The research was conducted in the context of PTFI's
production activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
However, the COVID-19 pandemic situation did not
allow field research to be carried out in Mimika Regency,
where PT Freeport Indonesia operates. Therefore, almost
all data collection activities are carried out by relying on
the intermediary of technology.
First, data collection through structured interviews. In
this activity, the Research Team has prepared a list of
questions submitted to the informants through the Google
Form application. The list of questions includes personal
information from informants, as well as closed and open
questions regarding the impact of implementing policies
to handle the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for
workers.
Second, collecting data through in-depth semistructured interviews. In this activity, the Research Team
conducted interviews in two ways, namely face-to-face
interviews and telephone interviews. Direct, face-to-face
interviews were conducted with informants from the
management of the company who were in Jakarta during
the research period. Given the pandemic situation that
requires social distancing. Meanwhile, telephone
interviews were conducted with informants from the
management of the trade/labor union who were in the
Mimika Regency during the research period.
Third, primary data collection is in the form of
documents, including policy documents such as
Government Regulations, Minister of Health Regulations,
Circulars, as well as in PTFI's internal context, the
Interoffice-Memorandum (IOM). Finally, secondary data
collection through literature study.
3 Result and Analysis
3.1 An Update on the Situation of COVID-19
Pandemic and the Impacts of Policies
Implementation to Handle It
In Mimika Regency, the first positive case of COVID-19
was detected on March 29, 2020. The latest data as of
February 22, 2021, shows that the total number of positive
cases in the district reached 4,606 cases, of which 4,162
(90.4%) were declared cured and 40 (40). 0.9%) died
(COVID19.MimikaKab.go.id, 2021).
During a period of approximately eleven months,
social restrictions, the implementation of health protocols,
and the application of a Clean and Healthy Lifestyle
(PHBS) became the main strategy, it could even be said
to be the only strategy, to deal with the threat of
transmission and spread of the coronavirus. This is
because as a new disease, there is no vaccine for COVID19. It was only at the end of 2020 that various studies to
find the vaccine in several countries, including Indonesia,
showed encouraging results. Furthermore, in January
2021 the COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia can begin.
To achieve herd immunity to stop the transmission and
spread of the coronavirus, at least 70% (182 million
people) of the Indonesian population must receive
vaccinations. For this reason, the government plans a
vaccination program in stages, in which the first phase is
prioritized for 1.6 million health workers throughout
Indonesia, and is targeted for completion in February
2021. The next phase will be for 17.4 million public
service personnel and 21.,5 million elderly people
(Kompas.com, 2021).
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous
impact on the socio-economic sector. During 2020 the
world economy experienced a sluggish, with slowing
economic growth. Even in several countries, including
Indonesia, the government officially announced a
recession. However, this impact does not come from the
COVID-19 disease itself. This impact is precisely the
price that must be paid from the implementation of
policies to handle the pandemic that relies on social
restrictions.
Various economic activities that rely on the gathering
of many people are the worst affected sectors, such as
entertainment and tourism venues, and shopping centers.
In addition, various manufacturing activities that use a
large number of workers to carry out their production
2
E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
3.2 Evaluation on the Impacts of the Policies
Implementation to Handle the COVID-19
Pandemic
activities (labor-intensive) are also experiencing serious
impacts. Social restrictions forced factories to utilize only
a small part of the number of resources and labor they had
so that the utilization of production capacity experienced
a significant reduction, and productivity fell drastically. In
contrast to office workers who can still carry out their
work from home (work from home), more workers in
these sectors are then laid off, even experiencing layoffs
(PHK).
The next economic sector that is also significantly
affected by the social restriction policy is the service
sector in the transportation sector. With the appeal not to
travel—even in some countries, travel bans—most people
no longer travel, either for sightseeing and recreation,
visiting friends and relatives, or for official purposes. The
number of people traveling, whether by land, sea, or air,
has thus fallen sharply.
Many experts from various countries have highlighted
economic conditions that have experienced a slowdown,
stagnation, and even negative growth due to the COVID19 pandemic. Not a few of these experts have underlined
various arguments why the current economic recession is
more serious than the previous economic recessions, such
as in 2008, there are even those who argue that the
situation is worse than the Great Depression in the 1930s.
One of the things that distinguish this recession from
previous ones, is the fact that it was caused by a deliberate,
even programmed, cause, namely social distancing to
slow the spread of the pandemic. Economic activity seems
to have been stopped on purpose.
At the same time, supporting the existing health
system to survive is a very expensive undertaking. Most
of the resources owned by the state are unavoidably
reallocated to the health sector, both to support the
treatment of the sick, especially COVID-19 patients, as
well as to conduct research to produce vaccines that can
be used to fight the rampant epidemic.
However, this does not mean that all sectors of the
economy are paralyzed. Even certain sectors are
experiencing growth during the emergency of the
pandemic. The digital economy is one sector that is
gaining momentum for rapid growth. A drastic reduction
in people's travel means an increase in the need for online
buying and selling and thus an increase in the delivery of
goods. Furthermore, teaching and learning activities in the
education sector, ranging from the level of playgroups and
kindergartens, primary and secondary education, to higher
education at various institutes, colleges, and universities,
must be carried out online. This is an opportunity for the
emergence and development of various digital companies,
including start-up companies, which provide applications
to facilitate distance learning. Likewise with the
implementation of the work from the home system; the
need for technological facilitation is also increasing, both
for coordination purposes such as short message services
(Whatsapp, Telegram, etc.) and video conferencing
(Zoom, Webex, Google Meet, Microsoft Team, etc.), as
well as sending documents (electronic mail/ e-mail).
In this subsection, we will discuss the impact of
implementing policies for handling the COVID-19
pandemic from the point of view of workers/laborers and,
in particular, trade/labor unions. The discussion will be
divided into several subtopics. First, the perception of
workers/labor and trade/labor unions on the significance
of implementing policies on their lives in general. In this
case, they will also discuss what areas of life they think
are most affected by the implementation of the existing
policies. Second, subtopics on the positive and negative
impacts of policy implementation on various employment
issues, including Occupational Health and Safety (OHS),
income, social protection (insurance), employment
contracts, and severance pay.
3.2.1 The Perception of Labor Union on the
Significance of the Implementation of Policies to
Handle COVID-19 Pandemic
Rationally, the implementation of policies to handle the
COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the form of
implementing health protocols and social restrictions to
keep the company's activities operating, of course, I have
an impact on the lives of workers/laborers. However, to
confirm this assumption, we feel it is necessary to
categorize the perceptions of informants among those
who believe the implementation of the policy has a
significant effect on the lives of those who believe
otherwise. As a result, the majority of informants (86%)
are of the view that the implementation of the policy
significantly affects the lives of workers/laborers. The
results of the quantification of the informants' perceptions
can be seen in Fig. 1:
14%
Influential
86%
Not Influential
Fig. 1. The informants' perception concerning the significance
of the implementation of policies to handle the COVID-19
pandemic.
Based on the results of the interviews, we also
identified areas of life that were felt to be most affected
by the implementation of the COVID-19 handling policy.
These fields include economics, health, social, lifestyle,
food, quality of life, family, and production. Of all these
areas of life, economic, health, and social are the three
areas that are felt to be most affected by the
implementation of existing policies.
3
E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
done in a social or friendship environment. Reduction of
employee travel from the Highlands (Tembagapura) to the
Lowlands (Timika City) and vice versa also affects the
decrease in the quantity and quality of time spent by
employees with their families. This creates a
psychological burden for them. Some of the informants
also complained about the boredom that is generally felt
by employees because of the necessity to do an antigen
swab test every time they want to leave and enter
Tembagapura. Nevertheless, they are still aware and
understand the importance of the test both to monitor their
health condition, protect the health of their families, and
prevent uncontrolled local transmission in the work area.
In other words, the willingness to always carry out an
antigen swab test every time they want to enter and exit
Tembagapura is a 'form of sacrifice' that they must do.
In detail, the informants' perceptions of the areas
affected by the implementation of the COVID-19
pandemic handling policy can be seen in Fig. 2:
Economy
4% 4%
3%
3%3%
4%
Health
40% 42%
29% 20%
Social
Lifestyle
Food
Quality of Life
27%
Family
21%
Production
3.2.2 The positive and negative impacts of the
implementation of the policies to handle the
COVID-19 pandemic
Fig. 2. The areas of life that were significantly influenced by
the implementation of the policies to handle the COVID-19
pandemic.
Based on interviews with informants, we tried to identify
the positive and negative impacts of implementing
policies to handle COVID-19 on various employment
issues, including Occupational Health and Safety (OHS),
income, social protection (insurance), employment
contracts, and severance pay. The following is an
explanation of each of these issues.
In Fig. 2, we present a diagram that compares the
perceptions of trade unions/labor and employees in
viewing the areas most affected by the implementation of
policies to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result,
these two categories of informants have similar
perceptions, that the impact of policy implementation is
greatest in the economic, health, and social fields.
In the economic field, based on policies issued by the
government (in this case the Ministry of Manpower) and
companies, there are no salary cuts—employees still
receive the full amount of salary. However, the
rearrangement of work mechanisms and patterns still
affects the income received by employees. This is due to
the reduced number of benefits and bonuses given to
employees. Regarding economic conditions, at the
household level of workers/laborers, a positive impact is
felt in the form of a frugal lifestyle driven by prohibitions
or restrictions on activities outside the home and in
crowded places. However, in a broader context, this
causes economic activity to experience sluggishness
because most people do not consume through shopping,
recreation, tourism, and the like.
In the health sector, of course, the implementation of
the COVID-19 handling policy has an impact on the lives
of employees. With this policy, particularly related to
social restrictions and health protocols, employees can be
sufficiently protected from the transmission of COVID19. In this case, existing policies tend to have a positive
impact. However, social restrictions to prevent
transmission also have undesirable effects related to the
psychological health of employees. The results of
interviews with several informants showed that reduced
contact and time to gather with family had implications
for increasing employee stress levels.
In the social sector, the impact of the implementation
of the COVID-19 handling policy can be seen in several
ways. Social restrictions cause interaction and
socialization among employees to decrease, especially
because they cannot gather to do activities that are usually
a. Occupational Health and Safety
Based on interviews with informants, we identified
several positive impacts of implementing the COVID-19
handling policy on Occupational Health and Safety
(OHS). These positive impacts include (1) educating
workers/laborers so that their awareness of OHS
increases, (2) workers/laborers are protected from the
threat of coronavirus transmission, (3) reduced concerns
of workers/laborers to go to the work area because
generally everyone is aware of the health protocols that
must be adhered to, as well as (4) increasing cleanliness
in the work environment.
In addition to the positive impacts above, we also
identified some negative impacts expressed by the
informants. These negative impacts include (1) increased
awareness and mutual suspicion among workers/laborers
because everyone can be a carrier and transmit the
coronavirus, (2) the necessity to work individually and not
be able to work in groups can lead to reduced
effectiveness and performance, (3) there is a lot of fatigue
(fatigue) in the workplace, both physically and
psychologically, due to a reduction in crew/personnel
working at the same time, (4) delays in certain jobs
because they must always carry out health protocols, and
(5) the decline in the achievement of OHS performance
targets that have been set by the company.
In one interview with an informant, it was also found
that there is a link between OHS both with the
productivity of the company and the income earned by the
worker/laborer. He explained that the implementation of
the COVID-19 handling policy could help fulfill the
availability of human resources (manpower) needed. With
4
E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
health, the income tends to remain good; but if they are
sick, their income will decrease. This is because salary
payments and various forms of benefits are still calculated
based on employee productivity. As a result, employees
who are sick or exposed to COVID-19, experience a
decrease in income because they have to undergo
quarantine/isolation and cannot work. Employees often
complain about this. According to the trade/labor union,
the circular letter from the Minister of Manpower
stipulates that employees who cannot work because they
have to undergo quarantine/isolation should still receive
their full salary. However, in reality, this policy has not
been fully implemented by the company for reasons of
performance and productivity.
If we look closely, the problems above are not
naturally rooted in the implementation of policies to
handle the COVID-19 pandemic, but rather on the
provisions that have been imposed by the company in
normal times. In this case, one form of bonus received by
employees is a safety bonus (a bonus based on
performance in carrying out OHS)—if the employee's
safety performance is good, the bonus he receives is good,
and vice versa. Therefore, an informant explained, when
a work accident occurs in a certain division, for example,
the relevant division will experience a reduction in the
safety bonus, and thus, the employees' annual production
bonus will also be affected. Based on this way of thinking,
employees who are infected with COVID-19 are
considered to have decreased OHS performance so that
they experience a reduction in bonuses, especially if this
happens due to negligence in carrying out health
protocols.
Considering the above conditions, where employee
complaints arise regarding declining income on the one
hand, and on the other hand, the calculation of bonuses by
the company which is still based on the provisions of OHS
performance in normal situations, it is necessary to have
a dialogue between employees represented by trade
unions. with the company to achieve a common
perception.
Regarding the impact of implementing this policy on
income, there is one interesting finding that needs to be
highlighted in particular. In the interviews we conducted
with informants from the workers/labor and trade unions,
we found that some of the informants stated that the
positive impact was more pronounced because there were
additional incentives and bonuses provided by the
company. However, at the same time, some informants
stated the opposite, that their income was decreasing. At
first glance, there are contradictions in the answers and
descriptions among the informants. To get a better
understanding of this 'contradiction', we tried to map the
statements of the informants.
The decrease in income, based on the results of the
interview, was caused mainly by the absence of the
bonuses they would normally get under normal
circumstances. In addition, a more crucial reason is that
some employees cannot work because they have to
undergo quarantine/isolation, either because they have
been diagnosed positive for COVID-19, become a
suspect, or because they have physical contact with a
positive COVID-19 patient. As for those who state that
a large number of employees who are healthy and safe, it
will be more guaranteed to fulfill the number of human
resources who work under the needs of the job. The
availability of human resources is very necessary for all
operational activities of the company to keep it running
smoothly and achieve monthly and annual production
targets. For workers/laborers themselves, good OHS
quality will directly affect the amount of income received,
especially from production bonuses, because OHS
performance is one of the important indicators or
requirements in calculating bonuses given by the
company. Thus, in a broader context, the implementation
of policies for handling COVID-19 to ensure the quality
of OHS also contributes to building mutually beneficial
industrial relations during the pandemic.
There are also problems in implementing policies
related to OSH, such as technical constraints, especially
the lack of masks so that some workers/laborers wear
masks that do not meet the standards, work safety
violations, and negligence in using masks due to lack of
information and awareness, there are still employees who
lack concerned with health protocols, there are still
employees who lack discipline in the work environment
(such as smoking in the workspace), decreased focus and
concentration of workers/laborers due to anxiety. On the
other hand, some factors make it easier to implement
policies for handling COVID-19, one of which is the habit
of workers/laborers who have been sufficiently developed
in complying with OHS rules.
To optimize the implementation of policies, the
company's management always cooperates with trade
unions to carry out communication and coordination
(social dialogue), as well as monitoring and evaluation
(monev) regularly to minimize the negative impact of
implementing policies on handling COVID-19, both on
the condition of workers/laborers. and their families, as
well as the company's operational and production
activities.
b. Income
The results of interviews with informants also helped
us in identifying some of the positive and negative
impacts of the implementation of the COVID-19 handling
policy on the income of workers/laborers. The positive
impacts that have been identified include (1) the
maintenance of income for workers/laborers due to the
provision of incentives, especially for those who work in
the Highlands, and (2) the emergence of an increasingly
frugal lifestyle due to the prohibition/restrictions on
carrying out activities outside the home and in public
places.
The negative impacts that have been identified include
(1) reduced employee rights, especially in the form of
bonuses, so that their income is reduced, (2) there is
discrimination in the provision of incentives, and (3)
reduced benefits received by employees if they are
confirmed. positive for COVID-19 or quarantined.
The results of interviews with some informants
indicate that the impact of implementing the COVID-19
handling policy on employee income, whether it will be
positive or negative, is largely determined by the
employee's health condition. If the employee is in good
5
E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
incentives exist, these incentives are generally
'conditional'; incentives are given only to employees who
can continue to work productively, as well as to those who
work in certain areas, for example in the Highlands. Thus,
in this case, COVID-19 does not directly affect the
income of workers/laborers; however, its spread does
drastically increase the risk of workers/laborers getting
sick and losing some of the incentives or bonuses that they
should have been able to get.
The above situation then creates a new problem in the
form of social jealousy among fellow workers/laborers.
There is a perception among some workers/laborers that
discrimination has occurred because of the unequal
distribution of incentives. This is also exacerbated by the
emergence of the perception that there is no clarity in
determining employee criteria, which are important (and
still employed normally) and which are less important
(thus working from home or even being laid off). A
similar perception was expressed by other informants who
viewed unjust discrimination in the application of work
presence rules.
In a pandemic, several external factors affect the
family's economic condition. Government policies such
as cutting/discounting PLN electricity payments for 900
W power consumers that have been running for one year,
for example, ease the burden felt by worker/labor
households. However, several other external factors
added to the burden they felt, such as rising prices for
various basic needs and transportation costs.
changes to the work contract or the articles in the
Collective Labor Agreement (PKB) due to the
implementation of the COVID-19 handling policy.
However, during the pandemic, the company did not hold
any new employee recruitment activities. On the one
hand, from the employee's point of view, this can be seen
as a positive impact because it means that their
employment contract will be able to be extended; but on
the other hand, from the point of view of people who hope
to work at PTFI, this can also be seen as a negative impact
because there is very little chance of applying for a job.
So far, PTFI itself has not experienced layoffs due to
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, several
informants revealed that many employees were laid off,
even laid off, in several subcontractor companies that
were included in the PTFI supply chain (SC). Some
subcontracting companies also did not renew the contracts
of some of their workers/laborers because these
workers/laborers were not considered an 'essential' unit
during the pandemic. In a situation like this, it is not
surprising that there is widespread concern among
workers/laborers, both at PTFI itself and in its various
subcontracting companies, that they may be laid off or
even laid off.
e.
Severance Pay
In general, there is also no impact whatsoever due to
the implementation of the COVID-19 pandemic handling
policy on severance pay. This is because PTFI so far has
not taken a policy to lay off its employees.
However, some informants revealed that the amount
of severance pay has decreased, so it is considered unfair
for dismissed employees. However, there is no definite
information on whether this happened to some of PTFI's
employees, or to employees who work in subcontracting
companies within the PTFI supply chain network. If it is
true that PTFI did not lay off employees during the
pandemic, then it is very likely that what the informants
said happened to PTFI's subcontracting companies.
c.
Social Protection (Insurance)
In general, based on the results of interviews with
informants, the policy for handling the COVID-19
pandemic and its implementation has not had any impact
on the social protection/insurance program participated by
the workers/laborers. However, several things are of
concern to workers/ laborers and trade unions/ laborers.
First, if the worker/laborer remains healthy and
continues to work, his saving plan can continue to run so
that its value increases; subsidies from the government are
very helpful in this regard. On the other hand, if the
worker/laborer is exposed to COVID-19 and cannot work
for days during the quarantine/isolation period, then the
saving plan may also be disrupted. In other words, social
protection which should eliminate or at least reduce the
concerns of workers/laborers during the pandemic,
especially when exposed to the coronavirus and have to
undergo quarantine or treatment, actually becomes a
source of anxiety because of the possibility that
workers/laborers cannot maintain the value of their
savings. their plan is due to illness.
Lack of socialization regarding insurance is also a
problem because it causes many employees who do not
know well the ins and outs of the insurance they follow.
In such a situation, some workers/laborers are compelled
to perceive injustice in terms of insurance, so that in
general the quality of the implementation of the insurance
program is considered poor.
4 Conclusion
Based on the discussion that has been carried out in the
previous chapter, it can be concluded that the impact of
the implementation of the COVID-19 handling policy is
considered to be the most significant in the economic,
health, and social fields. In the economic field, changes in
work patterns affect the income received by employees.
Some employees feel an increase in income from
incentives provided by the company related to COVID19, but others feel a decrease. In the health sector, social
restrictions and health protocols have proven to be
effective in keeping employees from transmitting the
coronavirus. However, unwanted effects appear in the
form of stress and work fatigue. In the social sector, social
restrictions and travel restrictions cause a decrease in the
intensity and frequency of interaction and socialization
among employees, as well as the quantity and quality of
time with family. This creates a psychological burden for
employees.
d. Employment Contract
In general, the COVID-19 handling policy does not
directly affect the work contract, because there are no
6
E3S Web of Conferences 331, 02007 (2021)
ICDMM 2021
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102007
Regarding employment issues, the positive and
negative impacts of the implementation of the COVID-19
handling policy are felt most significantly on
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and income
issues. As for social protection (insurance), employment
contracts, and severance pay, the impact is relatively
insignificant. Regarding OHS, the positive impacts of
policies for handling the pandemic include (i) more
educating workers/laborers about OHS, (ii) safeguarding
workers/laborers from the threat of coronavirus
transmission, (iii) reducing concerns of workers/laborers
to go to work areas, and (iv) increasing cleanliness in the
work environment. The negative impacts include (i)
increased awareness and mutual suspicion among
workers/laborers, (ii) unable to work in groups, (iii) there
is a lot of fatigue in the workplace, both physically and
psychologically, because of reduction of crew/personnel,
(iv) delays in certain jobs because they must always
implement health protocols and (v) decrease in the
achievement of OHS performance targets that have been
set by the company. Regarding income, the positive
impacts of the pandemic handling policy include (i)
providing incentives, and (ii) increasing frugal lifestyles.
The negative impact includes (i) reduced employee rights
in the form of bonuses, (ii) discrimination in the provision
of incentives, and (3) reduced benefits if employees are
quarantined.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
This research was funded by Federasi Pertambangan dan
Energi Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Seluruh Indonesia (FPE
KSBSI). We would like to thank the management of FPE KSBSI
at the national, regional, commissariat, and PTFI management
whose have supported us during this research.
10.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
Public Relations Bureau of the Ministry of
Manpower, Minister of Manpower Issues Circular on
Labor Protection and Business Continuity Related to
COVID-19. Retrieved December 9, 2020, from the
Indonesian
Ministry
of
Manpower:
https://kemnaker.go.id/news/detail/menakerterbitkan-surat-edaran-about-pelindungan-buruhdan-kelanjutan-usaha-terkait-COVID-19 [Accessed
March 17, 2020]
COVID19.go.id., Distribution Map. Retrieved April
19,
2021,
from
COVID19.go.id:
https://COVID19.go.id/peta-sebaran [Accessed April
19, 2021]
COVID19. MimikaKab.go.id, Mimika COVID19
Monitoring Data. Retrieved April 19, 2021, from
COVID19.MimikaKab.go.id:
https://COVID19.mimikakab.go.id/page/data[Acces
sed February 22, 2021]
Febriana, E, Basic Food Program for Vulnerable
Communities to Face the COVID 19 Pandemic.
11.
12.
13.
7
Retrieved 12 8, 2020, from Social Counseling Center:
https://puspensos.kemsos.go.id/program-sembakountuk- Masyarakat-rentan-hadapi-pandemi-COVID19. [Accessed April 16, 2020]
Indika Energy. Kuala Pelabuhan Indonesia.
Retrieved March 15, 2021, from indikaenergy.co.id:
https://www.indikaenergy.co.id/energyinfrastructure/kuala-pelabuhan-indonesia/ (2021).
Emerging Infections.. Five Handling Protocols
Become the Main Guidelines for Preventing and
Controlling COVID-19. Retrieved 12 8, 2020, from
the Ministry of Health:
https://COVID19.kemkes.go.id/situation-infectionemerging/info-corona-virus/ [Accessed March 12,
2020]
Kompas.com. (2021, January 13). Seconds Before
the First COVID-19 Vaccination Starting from
Jokowi. Retrieved March 19, 2021, from
Kompas.com:
https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/01/13/09164
581/detik-detik-jelang-vaccinasi-COVID-19pertama-yang-dimulai-dari
-jokowi?page=all
[Accessed January 13, 2021]
Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia.
(2020, March 17). SE Minister of Manpower RI No.
M/3/HK.04/III/2020. Indonesia. [Accessed March
17, 2020]
Nurachman, A. (2020, April 25). The Ministry of
Social Affairs Gives Cash Social Assistance for
102,727 KPM in Tangerang Regency. Retrieved 12
8, 2020, from Family Hope Program:
https://pkh.kemsos.go.id/ [Accessed April 25, 2020]
CNN Editor. (2020, April 14). Jokowi's Incentive
List for Victims of Layoffs due to Corona. Retrieved
December 9, 2020, from CNN Indonesia:
https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/202004140
84421-532-493304/List-insentif-jokowi-untukkorban-phk-karena-corona [Accessed April 14,
2020]
Republika Editor. (2020, May 1). Jokowi Promises to
Protect Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Retrieved December 9, 2020, from Republika.co.id:
https://republika.co.id/berita/q9nfj1409/jokowipromise-tetap-lindungi-buruh-saat-pandemiCOVID19 [Accessed May 1, 2020]
Wiyono, A. (2020, April 20). Social Safety Net
Program in the Midst of a Pandemic. Retrieved 12 8,
2020,
from
Social
Counseling
Center:
https://puspensos.kemsos.go.id/program-jaringpengaman-social-di-tengah-pandemi [Accessed May
1, 2020]
Worldometers.info. (2021, April 19). COVID-19
Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved April 19, 2021,
from Worldometers.info:
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
[Accessed April 19, 2021]