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2021, Scientificreports
The cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile reflects the insect’s physiological states. These states include age, sex, reproductive stage, or gravidity. Environmental factors such as diet, relative humidity, or exposure to insecticides also affect the CHCs composition in mosquitoes. In this work, the CHC profile was analyzed in two Anopheles albimanus phenotypes with different degrees of susceptibility to Plasmodium: the susceptible-White and resistant-Brown phenotypes. The effects of the CHC profile were considered under a carbon-rich diet (sugar), a protein-rich diet (blood), and an infectious challenge (blood containing Plasmodium berghei ookinetes). The CHCs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with either mass spectrometry or flame ionization detection, identifying 19 CHCs with chain lengths ranging from 20 to 37 carbons. The qualitative and quantitative changes observed in the CHCs composition were dependent on the diet and parasite challenge, and independent of the phenotype. The exception was the challenge condition, where significant differences in the CHC profile between the phenotypes were observed. Interestingly, the White Plasmoidum-challenged mosquitoes had a 68% increased abundance in the CHCs compared with the blood-fed mosquitoes. In contrast, the Brown strain showed an increased abundance only in 6.25% of the CHCs, with an overall decrease of the rest of the CHCs. Since the lipid metabolism in Anopheles mosquitoes has been shown crucial for Plasmodium development, the changes in the CHC profiles associated with infection could have multiple effects on mosquito fitness and impacts on disease transmission.
Scientific Reports
Dietary and Plasmodium challenge effects on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of Anopheles albimanusThe cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile reflects the insects’ physiological states. These include age, sex, reproductive stage, and gravidity. Environmental factors such as diet, relative humidity or exposure to insecticides also affect the CHC composition in mosquitoes. In this work, the CHC profile was analyzed in two Anopheles albimanus phenotypes with different degrees of susceptibility to Plasmodium, the susceptible-White and resistant-Brown phenotypes, in response to the two dietary regimes of mosquitoes: a carbon-rich diet (sugar) and a protein-rich diet (blood) alone or containing Plasmodium ookinetes. The CHCs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or flame ionization detection, identifying 19 CHCs with chain lengths ranging from 20 to 37 carbons. Qualitative and quantitative changes in CHCs composition were dependent on diet, a parasite challenge, and, to a lesser extent, the phenotype. Blood-feeding caused up to a 40% reduction in the total CHC c...
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Energy metabolism affects susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection2011 •
Previous studies showed that Anopheles gambiae L3-5 females, which are refractory (R) to Plasmodium infection, express higher levels of genes involved in redox-metabolism and mitochondrial respiration than susceptible (S) G3 females. Our studies revealed that R females have reduced longevity, faster utilization of lipid reserves, impaired mitochondrial state-3 respiration, increased rate of mitochondrial electron leak and higher expression levels of several glycolytic enzyme genes. Furthermore, when state-3 respiration was reduced in S females by silencing expression of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), hydrogen peroxide generation was higher and the mRNA levels of lactate dehydrogenase increased in the midgut, while the prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium berghei infection were significantly reduced. We conclude that there are broad metabolic differences between R and S An. gambiae mosquitoes that influence their susceptibility to Plasmodium infection.► The Anopheles gambiae L3-5 strain is refractory (R) to Plasmodium infection. ► R females have impaired state-3 respiration and a higher rate of mitochondrial electron leak. ► R fmealse also exhibits other major metabolic differences and have a reduced lifespan. ► Decreasing state-3 respiration in susceptible mosquitoes reduces Plasmodium infection.
2009 •
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
The energetic budget of Anopheles stephensi infected with Plasmodium chabaudi: is energy depletion a mechanism for virulence?2003 •
Malaria is a human parasitic disease that is transmitted by a mosquito vector. Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents, differ in their infectivity and virulence to the mammalian host, but the mechanistic underpinnings of this variation remain unknown. As mosquitoes provide a nutrient-rich niche for development of transmissible stages, we examined the role of lipids in parasite development and infectivity by disrupting lipid trafficking in mosquito adults. We show that depleting the major mosquito lipoprotein lipophorin deprives parasites of neutral lipids, arrests oocysts growth and impairs sporozoite formation. Importantly, lipid deficiency decreases parasite mitochondrial membrane potential and severely compromises sporozoite infectivity and virulence in the mammalian host. Our findings demonstrate the requirement of mosquito lipids for Plasmodium metabolism, and uncover the mitochondrial contribution to parasite infectivity and virulence. By drawing a connection between vecto...
الثقافة الاجنبية
جورج غريغوري: أحببت اللغة العربية كما أحببت أهلها. (حوار أجرته ليلى مراد - مجلة الثقافة الأجنبية - بغداد - 20242024 •
حوار عن مصير الاستاذ جورج غريغوري
2023 •
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La Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale - Blog
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