Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

Instructional technology in higher education in Nigeria

1996, Journal of further and higher education, 20(1), 58-66

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43655563 Instructional technology in higher education: A case of selected universities in the Niger Delta Article in Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching · January 2009 Source: DOAJ CITATIONS READS 9 139 5 authors, including: Nwachukwu Prince Ololube Ngboawaji Daniel Nte 111 PUBLICATIONS 389 CITATIONS 18 PUBLICATIONS 16 CITATIONS Ignatius Ajuru University of Education SEE PROFILE Rivers State University of Education SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Ngboawaji Daniel Nte on 07 January 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately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iew publication stats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