Leonardo's Smile (Exhibitions under Fascism)

2014

for studentts of bi

SCTIW Review Book Symposium on Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi’s Foucault in Iran

The Thomist, 2022

QUADERNO N° 11, 2021

con il contributo di: Anna Maria Ioannoni Fiore – Luciano D’Annunzio, Roberto Illiano, Mariella Sala, Gabriele Rocchetti

EIKASIA Revista de Filosofia, 2023

The received theories of evolution were formulated before the discovery of the structure of DNA and the molecular analysis of cells, morphogenesis, and the genomic record. They were formulated in the mid-19th century, then reformulated in the mid-20th century, when atomistic, mechanistic, and statistical thinking prevailed in the philosophy of science. As a consequence, the term "Darwinism" is almost universally understood as a scientific process that provides satisfactory explanations to three discrete issues: the origin of life; the evidential basis of the evolutionary process; the nature of evolutionary change. In particular, Darwin theorized that adaptive change resulted from natural selection applied to countless random small changes over long periods of time, hence the simplifying assumption that inherited novelty is the result of chance or accident. More recently, the "Modern Synthesis", founded on several basic restrictions such as gradualism, externalism, and gene centrism, has grounded the evolutionary theory mainly in natural selection, adaptation, and population genetics. Interpreted dogmatically, this Modern Synthesis has gained the status of orthodoxy, but natural selection has become increasingly criticized. Seemingly the sole alternative to Creationism, Darwinism—often confused with "evolution"—is widely and uncritically accepted in the scientific community. Some contemporary authors, however, argue that Darwinism is finalist, tautological, and outdated, and does not even constitute a properly scientific hypothesis. Relying on new datasets such as epigenetic inheritance, plasticity, niche construction, evolvability, "evo-devo", and genomic evolution, scientists have formulated several alternative evolutionary mechanisms leading to a paradigm shift—a post-Darwinian "Extended Synthesis". This new perspective articulates a more interactive, information-based cluster of basic evolutionary principles that invite us to rethink the basic concepts of evolution. In particular, the capacity of cells to modify their genomic memory by inscribing information into their genomes suggests that evolution is a combinatorial innovation process involving systems engineering. This "teleological" modus operandi of cells might well lead to a scientific revolution.

Je ne parlerai pas ici du Réel lacanien, puisque je ne suis pas dépositaire de cet enseignement, ni ne souhaite l'être. J'utilise cette notion, ce titre, cette étiquette, pour fourrer dessous quelque chose qui m'est propre, possiblement apparenté avec d'autres constructions, d'autres concepts, c'est à vérifier par vous-mêmes lecteurs ou auditeurs, mais certainement distinct dans son fond comme dans ses formes. Le mieux est sans doute que je vous présente d'abord un petit schéma qui « montre » ce prétendu Réel, plutôt que de gloser vainement dessus.