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2020
Pointing out the similarities between the Husserl of the Crisis and Foundational Gestalt Therapy.
This is a chapter from a book on the contents of the original online journal for gestalt therapy, Gestalt!. This chapter describes one perspective on the period of thought and the ground leading to the emergence of contemporary gestalt therapy.
The paper examines the philosophical origins of Gestalt Therapy. The evolution of the philosophy of perception revolutionalised the way we see the world and how we interact with it. It has been found that the influences of phenomenology and existentialism had a powerful impact on the foundations of Gestalt psychology leading to a new form of therapy focused holistically on awareness and self fulfilment. The basis of Gestalt therapy with theories such as the figure and the ground was formed via the awareness and evolution of our perception. This identified the therepeutic need to be aware of the client's needs, both personally and socially. This need creates an imbalance in the organism and Gestalt therapy aims to restore that balance and lead the client to a state of equilibrium.] Keywords: [Philosophy, Phenomenology, Existentialism, Gestalt Psychology, Gestalt Therapy, Perception]
Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)
Influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapyThe literature on the influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy is controversial because its founders did not clarify its philosophical and epistemological foundations. However, we understand that various influences exerted on Perls and his collaborators during the development of the Gestalt therapy led to a phenomenological-existential approach. The possible influences of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy are discussed based on literature review focusing on the influence of Gestalt psychology, through Goldstein, Laura Perls, and Goodman, and the approaches to the phenomenological ideas of Brentano, Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. Similarly, with regard to existentialism, we address the combination of Gestalt concepts with the philosophies of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Buber, and Sartre. It was concluded that the influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy resulted in the conception of man as a being-in-the-world and an emphasis ...
2014 •
The author develops a pragmatic perspective on the therapeutic experience, in particular from the therapist's perspective, and this is done in two essential realms. He suggests, on the one hand, that the therapist's aim with the client might be to teach “attentive gestures” that allow the progress of the process of awareness. On the other hand, by putting cooperative action in the center of the transformation process, he emphasizes that being a Gestaltist “is constantly and patiently to establish the conditions of intense cooperation, and remain open to the opportunity of a joint and continual investigation on hazards inherent in this cooperation.”
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
Gestalt Therapy: Relational Developments and ResearchGestalt Psychotherapy Training Institute Malta
Influence of Gestalt Psychology on Gestalt Psychotherapy2021 •
Purpose – To explore the link between Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy. Methodology – an argumentative academic essay with a blend of literature that is linked to an experiment to apply it in the context of the Maltese language. Findings – Perls, inspired by the German word Gestalt which means configuration, created a therapy that helped a person to find wholeness. Some concepts in Gestalt Therapy were borrowed from Gestalt Psychology but the link between the two is dubious. Research Implications – At the root of Gestalt Psychology is the fact that we tend to organise our reality not on what is present but on our interpretation. Gestalt Therapy helps a person to have a whole awareness of reality rather than a disjointed interpretation. Practical Implications – Gestalt Therapy helps the client to be aware of how they are organising their ‘gestalt’ and let go of unhealthy distortions. Originality/Value – The argument of the paper leads to the author suggesting that since Gestalt Psychology is the science of how we distort reality and Gestalt Therapy is a practice of integrating awareness of reality, finding ways to integrate the two could lead to better facilitation of therapy.
Psychology and Philosophy: Inquiries into the Soul from Late Scholasticism to Contemporary Thought, eds. Sara Heinämaa and Martina Reuter, pp.264–284
Phenomenological responses to Gestalt-psychology2009 •
This chapter studies the reception that Gestalt psychological theories were given by phenomenologists in Germany and France in the first half of the twentieth century. The aim is to study, in particular, the reactions of two phenomenologists, Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The chapter focuses on these two thinkers in order to explicate the main idea of the phenomenological-transcendental critique of psychological theories. The interpretative claim is that Merleau-Ponty followed Husserl in defining phenomenological philosophy by its radical task in providing a transcendental basis for all experience and knowledge. He thus came to argue that psychological theories, Gestalt theories included, must be submitted to a phenomenological- transcendental critique. Despite their apparent differences, Merleau-Ponty and Husserl agreed that no empirical or wordly knowledge – psychological, anthropological or natural scientific – can overrule philosophical reflections in the grounding of the positive sciences. Before entering into Gestalt-theoretical and phenomenological sources, the chapter briefly discusses the historical relations between the two fields of research. The connections are to be found in common conceptions of parts and wholes, both approaches being influenced by Brentano’s distinctions between different kinds of parts. The disparity concerns the role of consciousness in the institution and establishment of meaning.
The literature on the influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy is controversial because its founders did not clarify its philosophical and epistemological foundations. However, we understand that various influences exerted on Perls and his collaborators during the development of the Gestalt therapy led to a phenomenological-existential approach. The possible influences of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy are discussed based on literature review focusing on the influence of Gestalt psychology, through Goldstein, Laura Perls, and Goodman, and the approaches to the phenomenological ideas of Brentano, Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. Similarly, with regard to existentialism, we address the combination of Gestalt concepts with the philosophies of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Buber, and Sartre. It was concluded that the influence of phenomenology and existentialism on Gestalt therapy resulted in the conception of man as a being-in-the-world and an emphasis on past experiences. Resumo A literatura sobre a influência da fenomenologia e do existencialismo na Gestalt-terapia é controversa, pois seus fundadores não se ocuparam em esclarecer seus fundamentos filosófico-epistemológicos. Entretanto, entende-se neste artigo que as várias influências sofridas por Perls e seus colaboradores na construção da Gestalt-terapia apontam para uma convergência de um posicionamento fenomenológico-existencial. Discutem-se aqui as possíveis influências da fenomenologia e do existencialismo na Gestalt-terapia a partir da revisão da literatura. Destaca-se a influência da psicologia da Gestalt, a partir de Goldstein, Laura Perls e Goodman, bem como as aproximações às ideias fenomenológicas de Brentano, Husserl e Merleau-Ponty. Da mesma forma, no que se refere ao Existencialismo, aponta-se a articulação das concepções gestálticas com as filosofias de Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Buber e Sartre. Conclui-se que a influência da Fenomenologia e do Existencialismo na Gestalt-terapia proporciona uma concepção de homem como ser-no-mundo e uma ênfase na experiência vivida.
This is a response to the review by Derek Truscott of my book, Gestalt Therapy: A Guide to Contemporary Practice. His review and my response both appeared in PsycCritiques.
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